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The objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) for beef in processing facilities. Inactivation of a wildtype Escherichia coli strain by up to 400 ppm PAA in solutions with different organic loads was determined. The microbial efficacy of PAA was assessed at two commercial beef plants for carcasses and cuts during routine production. The wild type E. coli strain was reduced by >7 log CFU upon exposing to PAA for 15 s at >100 and 200 ppm in low and high organic load solutions, respectively. PAA spray significantly reduced coliforms and E. coli by 1.7–2.0 log units on carcasses artificially inoculated with fecal slurry at one plant, and reduced aerobes and coliforms by 1.7 and 1.0 log units on naturally contaminated carcasses at the other plant. The reduction by PAA spray of aerobes (p < 0.05) on artificially inoculated carcasses was <0.5 log. Significant and consistent reduction of aerobes and coliforms on cuts by PAA was observed for fat surface at both beef plants, but not for lean cut surface. However, fewer cuts sprayed with PAA were positive for E. coli, regardless of cut type, compared with those that were not sprayed. Taken together, PAA can be effective for reducing microbial contamination of beef carcasses and cuts in commercial practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sargassum and Padina ethanol extracts contain secondary metabolites that have effects as antiseptic, antibiotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and astringent which are useful in the wound healing process. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of wound plasters of ethanol extracts Sargassum polycystum and Padina australis on the time of closure of incision wounds in mice (Mus musculus). Method: This study used an experimental method of post test only controlled group design type to compare the effectiveness of wound plasters of ethanol extracts Sargassum polycstum and Padina australis on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus). Results: The results showed the average speed of incision wound healing, Padina australis extract wound plaster had the fastest time of 6.6 days followed by Sargassum polycstum extract wound plaster 7.8 days and control 12 days Conclusion: Giving ethanol extracts of Sargassum polycstum and Padina australis can be used as an alternative in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychometric research is necessary to facilitate reliable and valid measurement of Black men's perceptions of cultural trauma. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the factor structure and internal consistency of the Cultural Trauma Scale (CuTS), using a more parsimonious factor model. The study used a community-engaged framework and was approved by an Institutional Review Board for research with human participants. A principal component analysis with equamax rotation (N = 240) was conducted. The CuTS factors were replicated and measured constructs of Tripartite Police Fear (Cronbach's alpha =.83), Beliefs about America and It's Justice System (Cronbach's alpha =.84), Black Injustice Emotions (Cronbach's alpha =.74), Cognitive-Behavioral Coping (Cronbach's alpha =.75), Willingness to Seek Cultural Trauma Treatment (Cronbach's alpha =.74), and Resilience (Cronbach's alpha =.64). The pattern/structure coefficients within these subscales ranged from.50 to.87. With a slight variation, the results of the present study replicated the initial CuTS factor structure using a more parsimonious measurement model. The factorial validity and internal consistency of the CuTS will advance the reliable and valid measure of Black-oriented constructs among Black men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review paper is to identify the gap in finding out the direction toward the enhancement of heat transfer and the performance of heat exchangers. Heat exchangers can be found in many applications ranging from engineering devices to household consumer appliances. Heat exchangers must offer a good heat transfer performance apart from saving energy. Heat transfer enhancement techniques help to save energy and cool hot components in the design of electronic and mechanical circuits. However, enhancement in heat transfer takes place at the cost of a bearable increase in friction losses and pressure drop. Therefore, miniature heat exchanger systems and the cost of energy, motivate industries to use energy-saving methods in their design. With aging, the most common problem in heat exchangers is the reduction in heat transfer rate. Numerous studies have proved that placing a disturbance occurs in the fluid flow path and it can help to increase the heat transfer rate in the case of worn-out heat exchangers. For decades, researchers are numerically investigating the effects of various kinds of insert tape to improve the heat transfer operation in the heat exchangers. As heat exchangers form the backbone of many industrial processes, the idea of saving energy with the design of a cost-effective tape insert motivated us to work on this area of research. The paper proposes the new model of heat exchanger with an insert having a trapezoidal cut on both sides of an insert and using the different ratios of twist experimentation that will perform and compare the output with the previous studies by using different fluid or phase change materials as a fluid to maximize the performance of heat transfer rate. Also, it aims to find out the impact on friction factor as well pressure drop in the heat exchanger when there is a change in ratios of twist. This research aims to review the findings of earlier researchers in this area and to utilize the knowledge for improving the heat transfer rate of conventional tubes in our future work.

RNA pol II assembly occurs in the cytoplasm before translocation of the enzyme to the nucleus. Affecting this assembly influences mRNA transcription in the nucleus and mRNA decay in the cytoplasm. However, very little is known about the consequences on ncRNA synthesis. In this work, we show that impairment of RNA pol II assembly leads to a decrease in cryptic non-coding RNAs (preferentially CUTs and SUTs). This alteration is partially restored upon overcoming the assembly defect. Notably, this drop in ncRNAs is only partially dependent on the nuclear exosome, which suggests a major specific effect of enzyme assembly. Our data also point out a defect in transcription termination, which leads us to propose that CTD phosphatase Rtr1 could be involved in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this review paper is to identify the gap in finding out the direction toward the enhancement of heat transfer and the performance of heat exchangers. Heat exchangers can be found in many applications ranging from engineering devices to household consumer appliances. Heat exchangers must offer a good heat transfer performance apart from saving energy. Heat transfer enhancement techniques help to save energy and cool hot components in the design of electronic and mechanical circuits. However, enhancement in heat transfer takes place at the cost of a bearable increase in friction losses and pressure drop. Therefore, miniature heat exchanger systems and the cost of energy, motivate industries to use energy-saving methods in their design. With aging, the most common problem in heat exchangers is the reduction in heat transfer rate. Numerous studies have proved that placing a disturbance occurs in the fluid flow path and it can help to increase the heat transfer rate in the case of worn-out heat exchangers. For decades, researchers are numerically investigating the effects of various kinds of insert tape to improve the heat transfer operation in the heat exchangers. As heat exchangers form the backbone of many industrial processes, the idea of saving energy with the design of a cost-effective tape insert motivated us to work on this area of research. The paper proposes the new model of heat exchanger with an insert having a trapezoidal cut on both sides of an insert and using the different ratios of twist experimentation that will perform and compare the output with the previous studies by using different fluid or phase change materials as a fluid to maximize the performance of heat transfer rate. Also, it aims to find out the impact on friction factor as well pressure drop in the heat exchanger when there is a change in ratios of twist. This research aims to review the findings of earlier researchers in this area and to utilize the knowledge for improving the heat transfer rate of conventional tubes in our future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-year survey was undertaken of the microbiological quality of carcases and the derived primal cuts, manufacturing meat and offals at twelve Australian export establishments (six beef, three sheep/lamb and three pork). A total of 27,157 microbiological results for aerobic plate count (APC) and generic Escherichia coli were gathered, 15,155 from beef, 8405 from sheep and 3597 from pig establishments. The mean log10 APCs on beef, sheep and pig carcases were 0.84, 1.60 and 1.30 log10 cfu/cm2, respectively. For primals, the mean log10 APC was higher for beef but was similar for sheep and pork primals, with 'outside' cuts having higher counts. For manufacturing meat, the concentration was 2–3 log10 cfu/g, irrespective of species. The prevalence (%) of generic E. coli from beef, sheep and pork was 2.3, 28.4 and 5.4 on carcases; 7.0, 20.6 and 3.2 on primals; and 5.8, 33.6 and 6.1 on manufacturing meat, respectively. The mean log10 APCs of beef, sheep and pork offal were 3.23, 3.18 and 3.37 log10 cfu/g, with tripes and tongues having APCs 1–2 log10 units higher than organ offals. The results reflect improvements in total bacterial loadings compared with previous national baseline surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the influence of cuts inspired by kirigami art on the outer surface of a soft actuator with cylindrical geometry. Both the kirigami pattern and orientation were varied to achieve expanding, bending, and twisting motions. Two symmetric kirigami patterns are presented, i.e., cells and stripes, in a horizontal, vertical, and tilted configurations, respectively. We also present the tensile response of the kirigami sheets by using the finite element method (FEM). Then, we show that the soft actuator expands, bends or twists when kirigami patterns are wrapped around it. All actuators were analyzed by performing FEM simulations to evaluate the effects of kirigami patterns on the actuator performance. Among the obtained variants of the expanding and bending actuators, the striped pattern provided the best performance for both motions. We show how the number of cuts and the relationship between the gaps affect the expanding performance. For the twisting motion, we obtained two variants; we present the influence of the change of the inclination angle for both patterns, i.e., cells and stripes. The actuators that presented the best performance for each motion were built; a manufacturing process using the casting technique is described. The validation of the hardware by computer vision is presented.

The objective of this work is to identify which carcass and cut characteristics have the best discriminatory power, between sexes and slaughter weights, through discriminant analysis. Were used 32 goats, with initial average weights of 3.11 kg for males and 3.06 kg, for females, for animals slaughtered at 70 days; 3.65 kg for males and 3.25 kg for females for animals slaughtered at 100 days of weight. Objective assessments consisted of morphometric measurements: external carcass length (ECL); internal carcass length (ICL); leg length (LEL); chest width (CHW); croup width (CRW); thigh perimeter (THP); croup perimeter (CRP); chest perimeter (CHP); chest depth (CHD); internal chest depth (ICD) using the hypsometer and flexible tape (Truper®). In the total of 18 primary variables evaluated, the following variables were included in the discriminant model, using the stepwise method: empty body weight, chest depth, chest width, thigh circumference, neck, loin, leg length, and rump width. The discriminant analysis was efficient to discriminate and identify the carcass and cut characteristics with better discriminatory power between the sex and slaughter weight of the animals.

Background: Folk medicinal knowledge of plants is vital in primary health care management system, predominantly in rural and remote areas. Managing cuts and wounds continues to be a significant healthcare issue, and it becomes even more critical when left untreated or improperly treated. The objective of this study is to carry out a survey on the use of medicinal plants for treating cuts and wounds in the village of Kailashpur in Assam. Materials and Methods: The information was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire from 30 informants in Kailashpur, Assam, India. Quantitative analysis of these data to find Use Value (UV), Frequency of Citation (FC), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Family Use Value (FUV), Consensus Index (CI), Rehman's Similarity Index (RSI) and Jaccard Index (JI) also completed. Results: The present study documented 45 medicinal plant species belonging to 30 families and their mode of application. Compositae (5 species), Orchidaceae (4 species) and Leguminosae (3 species) were dominant families. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part (PPV 0.50). Curcuma longa and Ocimum tenuiflorum (UV 0.33) were the species most commonly used by the local people. Highest FC was calculated for Ageratum conyzoids (5.27), followed by Tagetes erecta (4.51). JI and RSI indicated that plant species reported in our study were more similar to the Tezpur region of Assam, India. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the significance of specific plant species in the treatment of cuts and wounds, and suggest that further scientific investigation can be pursued to discover potential therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by applications of lattice-valued functions (lattice-valued fuzzy sets) in the theory of ordered structures, we investigate a special kind of posets and lattices induced by these mappings. As a framework, we use the Formal Concept Analysis in which these ordered structures can be naturally observed. We characterize the lattice of cut sets and the Dedekind-MacNeille completion of the set of images of a lattice valued function by suitable concept lattices and we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which these lattices coincide. In addition, we give conditions under which the lattice of cuts is completely distributive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) has high piezoelectric constants, and thus has a good application prospect in the field of highly sensitive piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, for relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT, the bulk acoustic wave characteristics on pure- and pseudo-lateral-field-excitation (pure- and pseudo-LFE) modes are investigated. LFE piezoelectric coupling coefficients and acoustic wave phase velocities for PMN-PT crystals in different cuts and electric field directions are calculated. On this basis, the optimal cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT are obtained, namely, (zxt)45° and (zxtl)90°/90°, respectively. Finally, finite element simulations are carried out to verify the cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes. The simulation results show that the PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pure-LFE mode have good energy-trapping effects. For PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pseudo-LFE mode, when the device is in air, no obvious energy-trapping emerges; when the water (as a virtual electrode) is added to the surface of the crystal plate, an obvious resonance peak and the energy-trapping effect appears. Therefore, the PMN-PT pure-LFE device is suitable for gas-phase detections. While the PMN-PT pseudo-LFE device is suitable for liquid-phase detections. The above results verify the correctness of the cuts of the two modes. The research results provide an important basis for the development of highly sensitive LFE piezoelectric sensors based on relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel concept of quaternionic fuzzy sets (QFSs) is presented in this paper. QFSs are a generalization of traditional fuzzy sets and complex fuzzy sets based on quaternions. The novelty of QFSs is that the range of the membership function is the set of quaternions with modulus less than or equal to one, of which the real and quaternionic imaginary parts can be used for four different features. A discussion is made on the intuitive interpretation of quaternion-valued membership grades and the possible applications of QFSs. Several operations, including quaternionic fuzzy complement, union, intersection, and aggregation of QFSs, are presented. Quaternionic fuzzy relations and their composition are also investigated. QFS is designed to maintain the advantages of traditional FS and CFS, while benefiting from the properties of quaternions. Cuts of QFSs and rotational invariance of quaternionic fuzzy operations demonstrate the particularity of quaternion-valued grades of membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dealing with large-scale graphs requires an efficient graph partitioner that produces balanced partitions with fewer cut edges/vertices in a reasonable amount of time. Despite several algorithms that have been proposed, it is still insufficient. Even with the continuous growth of graph volume, they do not consider the graph volume during graph partitioning. Therefore, these algorithms generate an imbalanced workload. We propose a graph partitioner algorithm VSCT based essentially on four key metrics: Volume, Size, Cuts, and Time to maintain high-quality graph partitioning. Using real-world datasets, we show that VSCT performs an efficient partitioning quality against the existing graph partitioning algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Cuban oil industry, it is necessary to adopt new alternatives and technologies to prevent pollution and minimize the environmental impact derived from this activity. Some of the most severe effects include those produced by the actions of oil extraction and management. One of the most concerning issues is the generation of a large volume of petroleum solid waste (contaminants), especially drill cuttings coated with diesel fuel‐based fluids or sludge, since their treatment and final disposal are difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a condition of ulnar nerve dysfunction due to prolonged compression at the elbow often caused by cubitus valgus deformity of lateral epicondyle fracture. The main objective of this study is to share our experience of and to review the role of surgical decompression and anterior transposition (SDAT) of ulnar nerve in long-term relief of the symptoms. Materials and Methods: Retrieval of case records of CuTS and retrograde analysis of data was performed. The inclusion criteria were availability of relevant clinical information, finding of severe nerve compression in nerve conduction study (NCS), insignificant MRI of cervical spine and SDAT. About 100 cases of ulnar nerve compression underwent surgical management from 2008 till 2021. Of them, only 54 fulfilled all the criteria. Minimum follow up period was 18 months after surgery. Results: Among 54 cases, 20 were females, 34 males, and mean age was 31 years. Three most common clinical features were paresthesia, motor weakness and hand muscle atrophy. Symptomatic relief was achieved in 54/54 (100%) and complete motor recovery in 34/54 (63%) cases after SDAT. However, muscle atrophy recovery was not observed in any. There was no surgical complication, no features of recurrence nor was there re-surgery in any at least for 18 months after surgery. Conclusions: SDAT provides long-term relief for CuTS without recurrence. Muscle atrophy is irreversible though other symptoms improve. Therefore, early surgery before appearance of muscle atrophy is advocated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the influence of cuts inspired by kirigami art on the outer surface of a soft actuator with cylindrical geometry. Both the kirigami pattern and orientation were varied to achieve expanding, bending, and twisting motions. Two symmetric kirigami patterns are presented, i.e., cells and stripes, in a horizontal, vertical, and tilted configurations, respectively. We also present the tensile response of the kirigami sheets by using the finite element method (FEM). Then, we show that the soft actuator expands, bends or twists when kirigami patterns are wrapped around it. All actuators were analyzed by performing FEM simulations to evaluate the effects of kirigami patterns on the actuator performance. Among the obtained variants of the expanding and bending actuators, the striped pattern provided the best performance for both motions. We show how the number of cuts and the relationship between the gaps affect the expanding performance. For the twisting motion, we obtained two variants; we present the influence of the change of the inclination angle for both patterns, i.e., cells and stripes. The actuators that presented the best performance for each motion were built; a manufacturing process using the casting technique is described. The validation of the hardware by computer vision is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-year survey was undertaken of the microbiological quality of carcases and the derived primal cuts, manufacturing meat and offals at twelve Australian export establishments (six beef, three sheep/lamb and three pork). A total of 27,157 microbiological results for aerobic plate count (APC) and generic Escherichia coli were gathered, 15,155 from beef, 8405 from sheep and 3597 from pig establishments. The mean log10 APCs on beef, sheep and pig carcases were 0.84, 1.60 and 1.30 log10 cfu/cm2, respectively. For primals, the mean log10 APC was higher for beef but was similar for sheep and pork primals, with ‘outside’ cuts having higher counts. For manufacturing meat, the concentration was 2–3 log10 cfu/g, irrespective of species. The prevalence (%) of generic E. coli from beef, sheep and pork was 2.3, 28.4 and 5.4 on carcases; 7.0, 20.6 and 3.2 on primals; and 5.8, 33.6 and 6.1 on manufacturing meat, respectively. The mean log10 APCs of beef, sheep and pork offal were 3.23, 3.18 and 3.37 log10 cfu/g, with tripes and tongues having APCs 1–2 log10 units higher than organ offals. The results reflect improvements in total bacterial loadings compared with previous national baseline surveys.

This article deals with the evaluation of a thickness analysis on the vuts of beech wood using annual rings. The study was performed at the state enterprise Lesy SR, a branch plant in Smolenice on the territory of Forrest District Majdán. In order to perform a thickness analysis of the beech logs, it was necessary to know the number of annual rings on the butt end and the number of annual rings on the small end. Based on these two quantities, it was necessary to derive the number of annual rings in the middle of the trunk. All these characteristics were related to the length of the stem and the thickness of the stem. The data set contained 1000 logs. For a period of 3 years - i.e. from 2017 to 2019 in total for all types of intentional felling, starting with tending intentional felling up to 50 years, tendingt intentional felling over 50 years and ending with prescribed final felling, incidential felling was not included in the investigation. The aim of this publication was to determine the thickness characteristics of beech stem logs, which are characterized in the territory of branch Smolenice by a full-wood stem and to create input quantities for a model log of a beech stem. The results include the average width of annual rings depending on the length of the stem, the average number of annual rings per 1 meter of length, the average reduction in the number of annual rings depending on the length recalculated per 1 meter of length, the average height increment. The results showed interesting findings, the largest average width of annual rings was recorded in improvement intentional felling over 50 years, despite advanced age. Another interesting finding was the average height gain of 0.5 m. The average number of annual rings served to confirm the accuracy of the calculation of the stem thickness depending on the width of the annual ring. The average reduction in the number of annual rings showed the convergence of the stem in cm depending on the length of the cut.

In a fuzzy set (FS), there is a concept of alpha-cuts of the FS for alpha in [0,1]. Further, this concept was extended into (alpha,delta)-cuts in an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) for delta in [0,1]. One of the expansions of FS and IFS is the picture fuzzy set (PFS). Hence, the concept of (alpha,delta)-cuts was developed into (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFS where beta is an element of [0,1]. Since a picture fuzzy graph (PFG) consists of picture fuzzy vertex or edge sets or both of them, we have an idea to construct the notion of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFG. The steps used in this paper are developing theories and algorithms. The objectives in this research are to construct the concept of (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs), to construct the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts coloring of PFGs, and to design an algorithm for finding the cut chromatic numbers of PFGs. The first result is a definition of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cut in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs) where (alpha,delta,beta) are elements of a level set of the PFGs. Further, some properties of the cuts are proved. The second result is a concept of PFG coloring and the chromatic number of PFG based on the cuts. The third result is an algorithm to find the cuts and the chromatic numbers of PFGs. Finally, an evaluation of the algorithm is done through Matlab programming. This research could be used to solve some problems related to theories and applications of PFGs.

The relaxor ferroelectric single crystal (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) has high piezoelectric constants, and thus has a good application prospect in the field of highly sensitive piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, for relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT, the bulk acoustic wave characteristics on pure- and pseudo-lateral-field-excitation (pure- and pseudo-LFE) modes are investigated. LFE piezoelectric coupling coefficients and acoustic wave phase velocities for PMN-PT crystals in different cuts and electric field directions are calculated. On this basis, the optimal cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes of relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT are obtained, namely, (zxt)45° and (zxtl)90°/90°, respectively. Finally, finite element simulations are carried out to verify the cuts of pure-LFE and pseudo-LFE modes. The simulation results show that the PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pure-LFE mode have good energy-trapping effects. For PMN-PT acoustic wave devices in pseudo-LFE mode, when the device is in air, no obvious energy-trapping emerges; when the water (as a virtual electrode) is added to the surface of the crystal plate, an obvious resonance peak and the energy-trapping effect appears. Therefore, the PMN-PT pure-LFE device is suitable for gas-phase detections. While the PMN-PT pseudo-LFE device is suitable for liquid-phase detections. The above results verify the correctness of the cuts of the two modes. The research results provide an important basis for the development of highly sensitive LFE piezoelectric sensors based on relaxor ferroelectric single crystal PMN-PT.

A novel concept of quaternionic fuzzy sets (QFSs) is presented in this paper. QFSs are a generalization of traditional fuzzy sets and complex fuzzy sets based on quaternions. The novelty of QFSs is that the range of the membership function is the set of quaternions with modulus less than or equal to one, of which the real and quaternionic imaginary parts can be used for four different features. A discussion is made on the intuitive interpretation of quaternion-valued membership grades and the possible applications of QFSs. Several operations, including quaternionic fuzzy complement, union, intersection, and aggregation of QFSs, are presented. Quaternionic fuzzy relations and their composition are also investigated. QFS is designed to maintain the advantages of traditional FS and CFS, while benefiting from the properties of quaternions. Cuts of QFSs and rotational invariance of quaternionic fuzzy operations demonstrate the particularity of quaternion-valued grades of membership.

The preprocessing of data is an important task in rough set theory as well as in Entropy. The discretization of data as part of the preprocessing of data is a very influential process. Is there a connection between the segmentation of the data histogram and data discretization? The authors propose a novel data segmentation technique based on a histogram with regard to the quality of a data discretization. The significance of a cut's position has been researched on several groups of histograms. A data set reduct was observed with respect to the histogram type. Connections between the data histograms and cuts, reduct and the classification rules have been researched. The result is that the reduct attributes have a more irregular histogram than attributes out of the reduct. The following discretization algorithms were used: the entropy algorithm and the Maximal Discernibility algorithm developed in rough set theory. This article presents the Cuts Selection Method based on histogram segmentation, reduct of data and MD algorithm of discretization. An application on the selected database shows that the benefits of a selection of cuts relies on histogram segmentation. The results of the classification were compared with the results of the Naïve Bayes algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute wounds and injuries are a common daily occurrence, and their appropriate care is critical to healing. In South Africa, community pharmacists are often the first to encounter acute wounds and injuries such as cuts, bites, bruises and sprains, due to the accessibility and cost constraints associated with primary healthcare facilities. Since pharmacists assist with first aid, refer the patient for further management if necessary, and provide the appropriate dressings during the later healing phase, it is imperative for pharmacists to stay informed on developments in wound care. This review aims to highlight some of the more common acute wounds and injuries encountered by pharmacists, such as cuts, bites, bruises and sprains, and the associated therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of Zhengzhou University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The saving of leather, an extremely important objective in footwear manufacturing, requires following certains steps in the process of cutting the component parts of a footwear article in order to obtain better use of the leather surface. With this regard, the paper presents how to program the cuts of the outer parts of a shoe item in the cutting department, respectively a model of women shoes. For the chosen item, there were done single cuts for one number of size (10 options), as well as combined cuts of two distinct sizes (45 options). Programming uppers cuts consists in their practical realization, followed by choosing the optimal cuts in order to obtain the best global utilisation index. The value of the global utilisation index depends on the values of the utilisation indices of the simple and combined cutting ways, the programming strategy and the iteration mode of the cutting options. By using the simple and combined cuts, for the developed program resulted a 72.04% global utilization index versus 70.64%, obtained by scheduling only single cuts, requiring a quantity of 91 hides. In the case of cuts options with higher utilisation indices, a judicious programming strategy can lead to an efficient cutting, close to the best automatic data processing program.

This article deals with the evaluation of a thickness analysis on the vuts of beech wood using annual rings. The study was performed at the state enterprise Lesy SR, a branch plant in Smolenice on the territory of Forrest District Majdán. In order to perform a thickness analysis of the beech logs, it was necessary to know the number of annual rings on the butt end and the number of annual rings on the small end. Based on these two quantities, it was necessary to derive the number of annual rings in the middle of the trunk. All these characteristics were related to the length of the stem and the thickness of the stem. The data set contained 1000 logs. For a period of 3 years - i.e. from 2017 to 2019 in total for all types of intentional felling, starting with tending intentional felling up to 50 years, tendingt intentional felling over 50 years and ending with prescribed final felling, incidential felling was not included in the investigation. The aim of this publication was to determine the thickness characteristics of beech stem logs, which are characterized in the territory of branch Smolenice by a full-wood stem and to create input quantities for a model log of a beech stem. The results include the average width of annual rings depending on the length of the stem, the average number of annual rings per 1 meter of length, the average reduction in the number of annual rings depending on the length recalculated per 1 meter of length, the average height increment. The results showed interesting findings, the largest average width of annual rings was recorded in improvement intentional felling over 50 years, despite advanced age. Another interesting finding was the average height gain of 0.5 m. The average number of annual rings served to confirm the accuracy of the calculation of the stem thickness depending on the width of the annual ring. The average reduction in the number of annual rings showed the convergence of the stem in cm depending on the length of the cut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to explain how the cuts and their insertion in different editing styles influence the attention of viewers. The starting hypothesis is that viewers' response to cuts varies depending on whether they watch a movie with a classical versus a messy or chaotic editing style. To undertake this investigation, we created three videos with the same narrative content and duration but different editing styles. One video was a fixed one-shot movie. Another video followed a classical editing style, based on the rules of classic Hollywood movies, according to David Bordwell's studies. The other video used a chaotic style, beyond post-classic, which broke the classical rules of continuity and was inspired by music video clips. We showed these stimuli to 40 subjects while recording their brain activity using the electroencephalography (EEG) technique. The results showed that cuts reduce the eyeblink frequency during the second after they are seen. Since blinking is a well-known attention marker, we propose that cuts increase viewers' attention. Cuts initiate a flow of electrical activity from the visual cortex to the cognitive processing zone in the prefrontal area. We also found that the different editing styles in which cuts are inserted affected perception, confirming the initial hypothesis. These results could be of great interest and utility for creators of audiovisual content and the management of attention in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a fuzzy set (FS), there is a concept of alpha-cuts of the FS for alpha in [0,1]. Further, this concept was extended into (alpha,delta)-cuts in an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) for delta in [0,1]. One of the expansions of FS and IFS is the picture fuzzy set (PFS). Hence, the concept of (alpha,delta)- cuts was developed into (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFS where beta is an element of [0,1]. Since a picture fuzzy graph (PFG) consists of picture fuzzy vertex or edge sets or both of them, we have an idea to construct the notion of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in a PFG. The steps used in this paper are developing theories and algorithms. The objectives in this research are to construct the concept of (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs), to construct the (alpha,delta,beta)-cuts coloring of PFGs, and to design an algorithm for finding the cut chromatic numbers of PFGs. The first result is a definition of the (alpha,delta,beta)-cut in picture fuzzy graphs (PFGs) where (alpha,delta,beta) are elements of a level set of the PFGs. Further, some properties of the cuts are proved. The second result is a concept of PFG coloring and the chromatic number of PFG based on the cuts. The third result is an algorithm to find the cuts and the chromatic numbers of PFGs. Finally, an evaluation of the algorithm is done through Matlab programming. This research could be used to solve some problems related to theories and applications of PFGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preprocessing of data is an important task in rough set theory as well as in Entropy. The discretization of data as part of the preprocessing of data is a very influential process. Is there a connection between the segmentation of the data histogram and data discretization? The authors propose a novel data segmentation technique based on a histogram with regard to the quality of a data discretization. The significance of a cut’s position has been researched on several groups of histograms. A data set reduct was observed with respect to the histogram type. Connections between the data histograms and cuts, reduct and the classification rules have been researched. The result is that the reduct attributes have a more irregular histogram than attributes out of the reduct. The following discretization algorithms were used: the entropy algorithm and the Maximal Discernibility algorithm developed in rough set theory. This article presents the Cuts Selection Method based on histogram segmentation, reduct of data and MD algorithm of discretization. An application on the selected database shows that the benefits of a selection of cuts relies on histogram segmentation. The results of the classification were compared with the results of the Naïve Bayes algorithm.

High school athletics routinely experience budgetary constraints challenging their aptitude to maintain a fully-functioning athletic program. Fundraising methods are typically used to circumvent removal of coaches or programs. However, there is little understanding on athletic directors' (ADs) perceptions on the "Pay to Play" (P2P) policy, a common fundraising method that requires student-athletes to pay a fee to participate in an interscholastic sports program. Purpose: To examine ADs' perceptions of the P2P policy and their experiences when implementing the policy within their respective schools. Methods: High school ADs (N=8) were recruited to participate and later organized into two distinct groups. Group one, those who are currently using the policy (n=4), and Group 2, those who had used the policy instituted but were no longer using it (n=4). Guided by Grounded Theory, 30-45-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted following a coordinated interview guide. Interviews were later transcribed and analyzed using the Constant Comparison Method (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) Results: ADs instituted the P2P policy mostly from the risk of losing their sports programs and / or coaching positions. From the data, four themes emerged: (a) "Lose Money, Make Money", (b) "Don't Call it Play", (c) "We Thought It Would Work...It Didn't", and, (d) "We'll Make Do". Conclusion: ADs' perceptions on the P2P policy produced mixed results. Most shared the P2P policy was successful in offsetting budget cuts, yet, some experienced negative effects to their athletic program citing unique concerns and challenges. Further research on AD perceptions and methods for effectively implementing the P2P policy is needed. Especially, if this policy continues to be a widespread solution to budgetary constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the allometric growth, the correlation of the cuts with the half carcasses, and the muscularity index of the leg of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs slaughtered with 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT). Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs were used, being distributed according to their weight into three collective pens. Slaughtering occurred as the lambs reached the SFT predetermined by ultrasound. The half carcasses were weighed, dissected, and separated into five cuts: neck, shoulders, rib, loin, and leg. These cuts were dissected and weighed into muscle, subcutaneous fat, intermuscular fat, and bone. In the shoulders, lambs with 2.0 and 4.0 mm SFT showed early growth. In the rib, this early precocity was observed in lambs with 4.0 mm SFT. The leg showed isogonic growth in lambs with 3.0 and 4.0 mm SFT and was the cut that best correlated with the half carcass, regardless of the SFT. The slaughter of ½ Dorper + ½ Santa Inês lambs with 4.0 mm of subcutaneous fat allows obtaining a better allometric growth of the shoulder, rib, and leg cuts, as well as a better leg muscularity index.

The research was carried out to verify the impact of incorrect care practices on the value of trees. The research was carried out on a fragment of a lime-tree alley, located on a local road connecting Wólka Świątkowa and Krynka in the Lublin province. One side of the alley has been subjected to abnormal cuts, exceeding 50% of the volume of the crown, while the other remains intact. For this purpose, an analysis of the impact of the applied treatments on the condition of trees on the Rollof scale, analysis of life prognoses using the SULE method and the analysis of tree values and the assessment of tree loss as a result of cuts ensuing from the use of incorrect treatments were conducted. The analyses confirmed that the use of incorrect cuts contributed to the decline in the value of trees. The loss is so large that 1/3 of damaged trees have no chance for long and safe; moreover, these trees have lost 68% of their value.

We analyze cuts of poset-valued functions relating them to residuated mappings. Dealing with the lattice-valued case we prove that a function μ : X → L induces a residuated map f : L → P (X) whose values are the cuts of μ and we describe the corresponding residual. Conversely, it turns out that every residuated map f from L to the power set of X determines a lattice valued function μ : X → L whose cuts coincide with the values of f. For general poset-valued functions, we give conditions under which the map sending an element of a poset to the corresponding cut is quasi-residuated, and then conditions under which it is also residuated. We prove that without additional conditions, the map analogue to the residual is a partial function hence we get particular weakly residuated maps which, on the power set of the domain, generate centralized systems instead of closures. We show that the main properties of residuated maps are preserved in this generalized case. We apply these results to the canonical representation of poset-valued and lattice-valued functions, using the corresponding closures and centralized systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the value of the objective function, two algorithms for transforming the current base into a new one are proposed. It is shown that the maximum cut problem on an undirected graph can be reduced to finding the base of the extended polynomial, for which the value of the minimum cut that separates the source and the sink is maximum. The necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality of the solution of the maximum cut problem on undirected graphs in terms of flow theory are formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organizational scholars have established that sexual harassment, the most studied kind of sexual violence, is an organizational problem. Extending this work, we analyze two critical events regarding sexual violence in the United States—one in the military and another at a university—in which discourse detracts from understanding the problem in this way. We draw upon feminist new materialism and its primary method—diffraction—to track 'cuts', the practices that simplify and pause agency's complex, perpetual motions. Our analysis shows that agency moves in discussions about the aftermath of violence. That momentum highlights the organization's capacity to respond to rape. Even so, during discussions about enacting violence, the perpetual motion of agency congeals around discrete humans, thereby maintaining assault as an individual act. These cuts, whereby agency pauses on individual perpetrators, obscure how organizational dynamics make sexual violence more or less likely to occur. We suggest that a focus on agency's kinetic qualities can help feminist scholars continue to highlight how the systemic aspects of harassment and other forms of violence become hard to notice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present has been to generate a practical staining technique for anatomical preparations of human brains for the teaching and learning of the nervous structures that are complex for the first year medical student. The fact of being able to visualize the structures and to be able to discriminate between constituent elements of the gray substance and the white substance facilitates the understanding and study of neuroanatomy. The materials used are human brains provided by the Neuroanatomy Unit. Four solutions were prepared and used for this purpose. The procedure consists in the washing of the piece and the subsequent immersion by the solutions in a certain sequence. It is important to emphasize that the placement of each piece in the solutions must be done with great delicacy and counting the time they remain immersed in them. To achieve a correct result, the steps must be followed strictly and rigorously as the final coloration of the structures can be altered. The importance of performing this technique for the study of the central nervous system lies in the possibility of differentiating the brain structures in a macroscopic manner. We have modified the composition of the Mulligan solution, which is why we have called it the modified Mulligan solution. From the use of this technique, an efficient and superior visualization of the gray matter and the white substance of the central nervous system were achieved, which are stained brown and whitish, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this work is to explain how the cuts and their insertion in different editing styles influence the attention of viewers. The starting hypothesis is that viewers’ response to cuts varies depending on whether they watch a movie with a classical versus a messy or chaotic editing style. To undertake this investigation, we created three videos with the same narrative content and duration but different editing styles. One video was a fixed one-shot movie. Another video followed a classical editing style, based on the rules of classic Hollywood movies, according to David Bordwell’s studies. The other video used a chaotic style, beyond post-classic, which broke the classical rules of continuity and was inspired by music video clips. We showed these stimuli to 40 subjects while recording their brain activity using the electroencephalography (EEG) technique. The results showed that cuts reduce the eyeblink frequency during the second after they are seen. Since blinking is a well-known attention marker, we propose that cuts increase viewers’ attention. Cuts initiate a flow of electrical activity from the visual cortex to the cognitive processing zone in the prefrontal area. We also found that the different editing styles in which cuts are inserted affected perception, confirming the initial hypothesis. These results could be of great interest and utility for creators of audiovisual content and the management of attention in their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of growth stimulants consist of activating plant physiological processes, which positively affects vegetative and generative growth, increasing the yield and its quality. The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of microbial and amino acid products on the quality of grassland silage; their application in different combinations was an experimental factor. According to the results, the foliar application of the amino acid and microbial products had a statistically significant effect on the chemical composition of silage. In comparison to control, silage produced from plants treated with those growth stimulants contained significantly more total protein in dry matter, while crude fiber content changed only slightly. In addition, due to higher lactic acid content, the quality of silage treated with the stimulants was higher than the quality of control plants. To sum up, the foliar treatment of plants with microorganisms in combination with amino acids resulted in a significant increase in the content of desired components, with a higher nutritional value of the silage.

The current work analized ofthe pH variation, at the level ofthe 12a dorsal vertebra for the U. E., 9 a dorsal vertebra for Kosher cuts and a1l the diferent cuts (nine at total) obteiled from the front quaters bovines. For determination were used cooled quaters of bovines, convention Israel - Argentina (7º in 24 Hs.) and back quartes naturated in traditional form (24 at 48 Hs. at the temperature 01' carnera between 2 ºC and 4ºC). It was determinated the pH in the cuts after the entrance to despostes and sukequently at find rinse, they were not observed variations at the values obteined, It wasrnade several determinations for aplications atatistic methods to many samples , normal distribution (Gauss). They were observed pH variation from cooled cuts (Israel) and maturated cuts (U. E.) near 0,3 upl l. In someone cuts the pH is not constant , there observed the flexor muscles in shin, neck and shank base a greater pH., (more than 6 upIl); the congelation and descongelation no make variations. As the result of pH in not constant in every cuts, the defference deppend al the considerated muscle very important in shin, neck and shank were the flexors musele in accord depending of the acnviry and or relation between conectiv tissue, the ph medition were not minor at 6 uph, independently of cooled or maduration procedures

The effect of PEF processing and chilled storage on the volatile composition and sensory properties of chilled and frozen lamb cuts was investigated in this study. Results showed that PEF-treated chilled and frozen lamb cuts varied in temporal flavour attributes with storage. Storage for 7 days resulted in oxidized flavour, while PEF treatments for all chilled and frozen cuts were associated with browned and livery flavour attributes. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to determine the predictive relationships between the volatile composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, and sensory responses for PEF treated lamb cuts. The results showed that some volatile compounds (2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, pyrrole, methyl pyrazine, 2-ethyl-3-methyl pyrazine, and thiophene) correlated well with the meaty and juicy flavour of PEF treated frozen lamb cuts. In PEF treated chilled lamb cuts, meaty and juicy flavours were associated with the presence of fatty acids (C18:0, SFA, 20:5(n-3), and n-3). In contrast, livery and browned perception of both PEF processed chilled and frozen lamb cuts were associated with the presence of amino acids (threonine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and methionine), and some volatile compounds (heptanal, 2-ethylfuran, pyridine, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide, and 3,5-diethyl-2-methyl pyrazine). Overall, these results imply that careful consideration of type of meat cuts, PEF pre-treatment, and storage are important when subjecting lamb meat to PEF processing.

The age and cut of mutton are important factors influencing the suitability of roasting. In this study, the sensory quality, texture profile and surface colour of roasted mutton cuts (back strap , silverside , square cut shoulder , breast and flap and oyster cut) from Merino sheep slaughtered at ages of six months and two years were investigated. Also the protein thermal stability and protein secondary structure of different samples were also evaluated. The results showed that the muscles of back strap , silverside and oyster cut were much more suitable for roasting, presented higher sensory scores and better corresponding instrumental colour, texture properties and shear force. Lower protein thermal stability of collagen, sarcoplasmic proteins and actin in raw muscle might be the cause of the higher values of sensory attributes, L ⁎ , texture profiles and lower a ⁎ value of roasted mutton. The lower relative percentage of protein α-helix in fresh mutton might contribute to the higher protein random coil of roasted mutton, and these contribute with a great texture and colour. It concludes that differential protein thermal stability and protein secondary structure of muscles partially affect the roast quality of lamb. • The back strap , silverside and oyster cut muscles were much more suitable for microwave roasting than the other two muscles. • Lower protein thermal stability of fresh muscle could be contributing with the better texture and colour of roasted mutton. • The lower protein α-helix content of fresh muscle might contribute with better texture and colour of roasted mutton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The saving of leather, an extremely important objective in footwear manufacturing, requires following certains steps in the process of cutting the component parts of a footwear article in order to obtain better use of the leather surface. With this regard, the paper presents how to program the cuts of the outer parts of a shoe item in the cutting department, respectively a model of women shoes. For the chosen item, there were done single cuts for one number of size (10 options), as well as combined cuts of two distinct sizes (45 options). Programming uppers cuts consists in their practical realization, followed by choosing the optimal cuts in order to obtain the best global utilisation index. The value of the global utilisation index depends on the values of the utilisation indices of the simple and combined cutting ways, the programming strategy and the iteration mode of the cutting options. By using the simple and combined cuts, for the developed program resulted a 72.04% global utilization index versus 70.64%, obtained by scheduling only single cuts, requiring a quantity of 91 hides. In the case of cuts options with higher utilisation indices, a judicious programming strategy can lead to an efficient cutting, close to the best automatic data processing program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are two ways of solving eddy current problems with an edge element $h$ -conforming formulation in the case of non-simply-connected conductors: first employs a “fake” artificial conductivity in part of the insulator. Second uses the cohomology theory to define a scalar magnetic potential in the whole insulator. This contribution provides, for the first time, a thorough comparison between these methods. We concentrate on the accuracy and computational effort required to solve a problem using both of the two methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the ordered tree inclusion we will check whether a pattern tree P can be included in a target tree T, where the order of siblings in both P and T matters. This problem has many applications in practice, such as retrieval of documents, data mining, and RNA structure matching. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for this problem. Its time complexity is bounded by ${\text{O}(\vert }T\vert \cdot \;min\{h_{P}{,\;\vert \text{leaves(}}P)\vert \})$O(|T|·min{hP,|leaves(P)|}), with ${\text{O}(\vert }T\vert + \vert P\vert)$O(|T|+|P|) space being used, where hP (hT) represents the height of P (resp., T) and leaves (P) stands for the set of the leaves of P. Up to now the best algorithm for this problem needs $\Theta (\vert T\vert \cdot \vert leaves(P)\vert)$Θ(|T|·|leaves(P)|) time and ${\text{O}(\vert }P\vert + \vert T\vert)$O(|P|+|T|) space. Extensive experiments have been done, which show that the new algorithm can perform much better than the existing ones in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]