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In the shadow of the COVID‐19 pandemic, familiar life may be said to have become unequivocally altered as a result of the diffuse death threat posed by the virus and the unprecedented experience of a global lockdown. The unexpected superposition of familiarity and unfamiliarity can be linked to the psychoanalytic notion of the uncanny. For Freud, the uncanny was considered a derivative of the reappearance of the repressed, whose context is dominated by the alien nature of the repression. I suggest that a further perspective can be implied—that the sudden disruption of what is familiar is traumatic and engenders a sense of the uncanny. Reflecting on the COVID‐19 pandemic, this dynamic can be identified in the following aspects: (i) an overwhelming intrusion of an unfamiliar virus upon familiar life, encouraging paranoid denial and projection of the threat and increasing the tendency to stigmatise; (ii) a continuous re‐manifestation of hidden familiarities, both repressed individual conflicts and collective inequalities, illustrating the fragility of the ‘norm’; and (iii) the sudden disruption of an adopted belief (that the virus is beatable), and re‐confrontation with the threat of death following lockdown failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• Survey of regular users of Tesla, GM, and Nissan's partially automated systems. • Group differences were observed based on driver characteristics and system designs. • Most drivers were more likely to do secondary activities while using the technology. • Many people have a false sense of security and poor understanding of their systems. • User safeguards combat distraction and are accepted by most, but not all, drivers. Introduction: Little is known about regular users' perceptions of partial (Level 2) automation or how those perceptions affect behind-the-wheel behavior. Method: A mixed mode (phone and online) survey explored the habits, expectations, and attitudes among regular users of General Motors Super Cruise (n = 200), Nissan/Infiniti ProPILOT Assist (n = 202), and Tesla Autopilot (n = 202). Results: All three groups reported being more likely to engage in non-driving-related activities while using their systems than while driving unassisted. Super Cruise and Autopilot users especially were more likely to report engaging in activities that involved taking their hands off the wheel or their eyes off the road. Many Super Cruise and Autopilot users also said they could perform secondary (non-driving-related) tasks better and more often while using their systems, while fewer ProPILOT Assist users shared this opinion. Super Cruise users were most likely and ProPILOT Assist users least likely to think that secondary activities were safer to perform while using their systems. While some drivers said they found user safeguards (e.g., attention reminders, lockouts) annoying and tried to circumvent them, most people said they found them helpful and felt safer with them. Large percentages of users (53% Super Cruise, 42% Autopilot and 12% ProPILOT Assist) indicated they were comfortable treating their systems as self-driving. Conclusions: Some regular users have a poor understanding of their technology's limits. System design appears to contribute to user perceptions and behavior. However, owner populations also differ, which means habits, attitudes, and expectations may not generalize. Most people value user safeguards, but some implementations may not be effective for everyone. Practical Applications: Multifaceted, proactive user-centric safeguards are needed to shape proper behavior and understanding about drivers' roles and responsibilities while using partial driving automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Introduction: This study analysed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire Family Impact Module (PedsQL FIM) in the Argentinian population. Patients and Methods: The sample included 232 caregivers, of who 108 were parents of children with chronic diseases (mean, 9.54; standard deviation [SD], 4.43) and 124 parents of children in the general population (mean, 12.37; SD, 4.6). Results: We assessed the validity of the instrument with the known-groups method, finding significant differences between the case and control groups in the overall and subscale scores (P < .01). We also assessed test validity by means of exploratory factor analysis, which yielded an 8-factor model that explained 74.03% of the variance. We assessed reliability with the Cronbach alpha and found a high internal consistency (α = 0.95). Conclusion: The PedsQL module proved to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the impact of a chronic paediatric condition on caregiver quality of life and family functioning. Resumen: Introducción: Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en castellano del Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida Pediátrica Módulo de Impacto Familiar (PedsQL FIM) en población argentina. Pacientes y Métodos: Se obtuvo una muestra de 232 cuidadores, 108 de niños con enfermedades crónicas (M = 9,54, DE = 4,43) y 124 de niños de población general (M = 12,37, DE = 4,6). Resultados: La validez del instrumento se estudió a través del método de grupos contrastados, encontrando diferencias significativas en la escala total y subdimensiones de la escala (p

Interrogating the familiar is seen as a benchmark of good sociological research. As teachers of Sociology, we have to teach courses that question and critique the familiar regularly. It is a mammoth task. The enormity of the job is further increased by the fact that the teacher is part of the same social institutions as the students. As such, how does a teacher deal with their own assumptions while teaching? How does one teach young students to question and challenge the familiar that all of us are a part of? How does one teach the self which is a part of the familiar? I try to address some of these questions in this piece drawing from my own teaching experience. It has been my experience that the challenges of teaching the familiar and the self are augmented by the online mode. With the boundaries between the home and the university getting blurred in the online mode, the difficulties in defamiliarizing are even stronger. This challenges the core itself of Sociology. Apart from limiting the interaction between students and the teacher, there is also less scope for peer-based learning in the online classroom. Thus, there is a need to re-think the nature of the online classroom and the teacher that can help Sociology in continuing to question the familiar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Este artículo aborda la actual situación de los servicios de mediación fami-liar licit ada constatando que se ha instal ado un modeloexpress de dudosa calidad que no logra plasmar debidamente los principios que rigen esta dis-ciplina y que privilegia el acuerdo sin importar cómo y en cuanto tiempo se haya arribado a él. Asimismo, analiza la política de incentivos que ha imple-mentado la autoridad para promover un mejoramiento de los servicios licita-dos como también los mecanismos de control de calidad que contribuirían a superar el modelo vigente.

O número de pessoas idosas tem crescido de forma contínua ao longo dos anos, ocupando um lugar de destaque nos estudos e nas discussões da atualidade. Se por um lado, a família mais próxima tem um papel chave como rede informal que presta apoio no cuidado dos idosos, por outro, observa-se que os filhos adultos necessitam do apoio dos seus pais. Neste artigo, tendo como objetivo a melhor compreensão deste fenómeno e contando com os contributos de autores como Suiter, Glasser e Drake, foi conduzida uma investigação qualitativa com aplicação de entrevistas exploratórias semiestruturadas. A partir da sua análise, verificou-se que os pais idosos acreditam prestar mais apoio aos filhos adultos do que o inverso, e que, na generalidade, todos estes pais parecem assimilar o apoio prestado como uma responsabilidade parental, sem refletirem muito sobre os efeitos do mesmo.

La capacitación de los maestros para enfrentar los profundos cambios en la dirección del proceso educativo, con el fin de potenciar de manera directa la formación y desarrollo de la personalidad de los niños como sustitutos legítimos de la sociedad. La violencia familiar es un fenómeno que tiene costos alarmantes para la sociedad, que genera daños irreparables en las personas que la viven y la sufren. La escuela como contexto de actuación, donde el maestro y psicopedagogo en lo particular, quienes desde sus funciones deben encaminar el trabajo que precisa de una preparación en la temática, así como revelar una ética profesional a la altura del momento histórico concreto por la que transita la familia cubana.

Contrary to deconstruction and its destructive pursuit, the concept of undermining the familiar seeks to refute the constants and its known limitations. It is done through the process of receiving and what is imposed by the formation of the word or text or the structural and design structure in general, along with the Arabic calligraphy in particular. This is based on the recipient's understanding and interpretation of the dual phenomenon and the content's manifestation. More accurately, the disclosure of its reality through its expressive phenomenology; for that sake, the research was devoted to studying “undermining the familiar and embodiment content in Arabic calligraphy” including four chapters. The first chapter comprised the methodological introduction, the second chapter dealt with the concept of undermining the familiar and its representations in Arabic calligraphy, and to embodiment the content along with its use in Arabic calligraphy. While, the third chapter represented the research procedures and the community reached (32) compositions, in which the analysis concluded several results. The fourth chapter clarified the most important concept. The sample calligraphers were able to focus on the design relationships of the theoretical framework. The current study acquainted with undermining the familiar and embodiment of the content for those concerned and interested in the art of Arabic calligraphy, it also focused to benefit from the energies of letters and their constructive movements in building, modernizing, and renewing the arts of Arabic calligraphy. Moreover, the research also suggested studying the design treatments in order to embody the content in the formations of Arabic calligraphy.

Unfavourable conditions within familiar environments may prompt organisms to make forays into other habitats, at least temporarily. This behaviour is in turn linked to key demographic processes such as immigration, emigration, and eventually, metapopulation dynamics. How such movements are triggered by environmental conditions (much less their interaction effects) has rarely been experimentally tested. To address this, we examined how environmental conditions (3 levels of food and 3 levels of humidity) within a microcosm affect the movements of two species of isopods (Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellio scaber) out of their familiar habitat. We used web-camera checkpoints to record the movements of individually marked animals as they conducted forays along corridors that lead to new, unused habitats. Thirty-six trials were run in total for each species, with each trial involving 16 animals (8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀). Relatively unfavourable conditions of low humidity, low food levels, and their interaction prompted changes to all the foray metrics we measured. However, different levels of mobility and tolerance to desiccation between the two species also appeared linked to the degree of responses, e.g., Porcellio demonstrated a greater tendency to depart from familiar habitat under low humidity, possibly due to their superior mobility and greater susceptibility to desiccation. This study improves our understanding of how different environmental conditions act in concert to affect the exploratory movements away from familiar habitat, and how these responses differ even for closely-related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En la actualidad el envejecimiento de la población adulto mayor es un desafío en la sociedad, esta población es altamente vulnerable en el entorno familiar y social. Al ser un adulto mayor significa ser cuidado, respetado, protegido y apoyado por la familia. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la intervención del trabajador social en el bienestar socioemocional de los adultos mayores, utilizando metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa y las técnicas de entrevista y encuesta para la cual se aplicó 30 encuesta a los usuarios del Centro Gerontológico Santa Gema de Galgani de la Parroquia Abdón Calderón del cantón Portoviejo y una entrevista a la trabajadora social. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los adultos mayores viven con sus familiares mientras que existe un porcentaje minoritario que vive solo, pese a ello se evidencia escasa comunicación con sus familiares debido a sus responsabilidades laborales, pero cuando están en situaciones de necesidad son atendidos de manera eficiente. Se concluye que, la intervención del trabajador social está focalizada en optimizar la calidad de vida del adulto mayor, para lo cual realiza actividades que favorezcan el bienestar socioemocional de los mismos, apoyándose en métodos, técnicas e instrumentos propios de la profesión como son el índice de Barthel, la escala de Lawton y Brody y el test de mini mental, que son el punto de partida para el desarrollo de actividades que favorezcan al mejoramiento de su calidad de vida.

Las políticas de protección social son de carácter transitorio y sus objetivos son los de aminorar o regular los embates de las políticas económicas. El presente artículo científico tiene por objetivo, elaborar un análisis acerca de las dimensiones política de la protección social en salud mental familiar en Colombia, a partir de los compendios normativos, elementos de gobernanza, así como compromiso y liderazgo estatal, este es el resultado de un proceso de investigación científica dotado de rigor y vigor, haciendo uso de la investigación cualitativa documental hermenéutico interpretativa. Luego de aplicar dicha metodología apropiada, se obtiene como resultado la confrontación y desarrollo de conceptos en los cuales se incluye la mente, procesos mentales, familia, Estado, gobernabilidad, gobernanza, gestión y las instituciones sociales dentro del enfoque sistémico, también se valora la connotación y servicio en el ámbito de la política protección social, enmarcada en acciones sociales, asistencia sociales y la intervención sanitaria mental de forma colectiva y universal; con ello se muestra como conclusión lo transcendente de la familia como eje, base, institución en los procesos de toma de decisiones política de protección social para atender la salud mental y el centro que se consolida la familia para abordar la misma.

Background: The fourth type of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is known as a rare variant of MEN presenting a MEN1-like phenotype and originating from a germline mutation in CDKN1B. However, due to the small number of cases documented in the literature, the peculiar clinical features of MEN4 are still largely unknown, and clear indications about the clinical management of these patients are currently lacking. In order to widen our knowledge on MEN4 and to better typify the clinical features of this syndrome, we present two more cases of subjects with MEN4, and through a review of the current literature, we provide some possible indications on these patients' management. Case Presentation: The first report is about a man who was diagnosed with a metastatic ileal G2-NET at the age of 34. Genetic analysis revealed the mutation p.I119T (c.356T>C) of exon 1 of CDKN1B, a mutation already reported in the literature in association with early-onset pituitary adenomas. The second report is about a 76-year-old woman with a multifocal pancreatic G1-NET. Genetic analysis identified the CDKN1B mutation c.482C>G (p.S161C), described here for the first time in association with MEN4 and currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Both patients underwent biochemical and imaging screening for MEN1-related diseases without any pathological findings. Conclusions: According to the cases reported in the literature, hyperparathyroidism is the most common clinical feature of MEN4, followed by pituitary adenoma and neuroendocrine tumors. However, MEN4 appears to be a variant of MEN with milder clinical features and later onset. Therefore, these patients might need a different and personalized approach in clinical management and a peculiar screening and follow-up strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigación básica de naturaleza descriptiva, población 50 adolescentes infractores del programa intermedio del centro juvenil de el Tambo; los factores de riesgo medio ambiental social en adolescentes en lo personal presentó dificultades negativas en actitudes y comportamientos, baja autoestima, carencia de valores; en lo escolar inasistencia al colegio, evasiones, bajas calificaciones, repitencia escolar, conflictos con sus profesores, incumpliendo de tareas académicas, abandono escolar; en lo familiar antecedentes de padres recluidos, haber recibido castigos físicos y psicológicos, evidenciar situaciones de violencia, carencia de afectividad, abandono moral y material. Conclusión: factores personales, social y familiar.

BackgroundThe fourth type of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is known as a rare variant of MEN presenting a MEN1-like phenotype and originating from a germline mutation in CDKN1B. However, due to the small number of cases documented in the literature, the peculiar clinical features of MEN4 are still largely unknown, and clear indications about the clinical management of these patients are currently lacking. In order to widen our knowledge on MEN4 and to better typify the clinical features of this syndrome, we present two more cases of subjects with MEN4, and through a review of the current literature, we provide some possible indications on these patients’ management.Case PresentationThe first report is about a man who was diagnosed with a metastatic ileal G2-NET at the age of 34. Genetic analysis revealed the mutation p.I119T (c.356T>C) of exon 1 of CDKN1B, a mutation already reported in the literature in association with early-onset pituitary adenomas. The second report is about a 76-year-old woman with a multifocal pancreatic G1-NET. Genetic analysis identified the CDKN1B mutation c.482C>G (p.S161C), described here for the first time in association with MEN4 and currently classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Both patients underwent biochemical and imaging screening for MEN1-related diseases without any pathological findings.ConclusionsAccording to the cases reported in the literature, hyperparathyroidism is the most common clinical feature of MEN4, followed by pituitary adenoma and neuroendocrine tumors. However, MEN4 appears to be a variant of MEN with milder clinical features and later onset. Therefore, these patients might need a different and personalized approach in clinical management and a peculiar screening and follow-up strategy.

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study addresses the therapeutic method known as the Family Constellation, a method created by the German psychotherapist Bert Hellinger. An analysis was made of the origin and the formation of this method, the way a session is held based on this "treatment" created by this psychotherapist. Finally, in the light of the Bible, the methods and principles used by Bert Hellinger were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There are several strands to the meaning of “companion animals.” These range from a sense of service to a sense of love. These interconnect through a frame narrative that begins to take shape during the Reformation doctrinal controversy. This paper explores the increasing permeability of mainstream early narratives in relation to the more unorthodox voices of animal advocacy, especially when these accounts hone in on the companion cat; it explores narratives that express wariness or disdain towards liminal and morally suspicious animal which circulate against accounts that relate experiences of complicity with cats. The many forms of companionship described around cats afford a plurality of generic discourses, from dictionaries and proverbs to textbooks on civility, from treatises on witchcraft to Church history, and from personal testimonies encountered in prison poems to fantastic dreams in anti-courtly verse. Each offers distinctly alternative accounts of cat companionship but all frame, scrutinize and weigh the literal and metaphorical virtue of such cohabitation. After revisiting questions of terminology, this article attends to the terms and conditions contracted and laid out by the feline or the human in order to secure the companionship, before exploring the narrative frameworks that determine the social or anti-social nature of the animal-human encounter and portray cats as partners in love and crime.

Familiarity is an elusive concept, capturing what we know intimately and what we only recognize from having seen before. This article aims to disambiguate these interpretations by proposing a sociological conceptualization of familiarity as a dynamic relationship to the world that develops over time and through experience and that allows one to progressively disattend from what appears as "usual." Focusing on how urban environments and their human entities become familiar and stop being familiar, I propose that familiarity be thought of as an ongoing relational and interactional achievement, allowing us to focus on our daily activities while relying on a practical knowledge of our surroundings. The conceptualization process unfolds via five questions: What is familiarity? Where does it come from? What threatens it? What does it produce? How can it be operationalized and studied empirically? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Advocacy is an essential element to mental health practitioners' professional identity. Some scholars contend that many couple and family therapists lack the skill set needed to effectively advocate. However, these researchers often discuss advocacy solely on the macrolevel, which makes advocacy appear unidimensional and may feel out of reach for many practitioners. In this article, we argue that advocacy is not unidimensional, but consists of two levels: macro‐ and microlevel advocacy. Microlevel advocacy is client‐centered and is effectively performed by couple and family therapists on a regular basis. By broadening the definition of advocacy to include the microlevel, we argue that advocacy is a common process of couple and family therapy that cuts across therapy models and is interwoven into the very being of a couple and family therapist. We present in this article a comprehensive case vignette to illustrate how microlevel advocacy may be performed by CFTs. Clinical and training implications are offered to help clinicians begin to bridge the gap between micro‐ and macrolevel advocacies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The understanding that motherhood impacts career paths is so pervasive among early-career scientists that some feel they must choose parenthood or a career. The penalties associated with motherhood can contribute to the "leaky pipeline," which equates to the high attrition rate of women due to social, economical, or temporal factors as they proceed through their career and exacerbates persistent gender gaps at mid- and late-career stages. Here, we review the literature and summarize common challenges faced by ornithologist mothers and nonbinary parents, and we adopt a full lifecycle approach to recommend evidence-based strategies for overcoming those challenges. The American Ornithological Society (AOS) is well positioned to support and celebrate women and nonbinary ornithologists who choose parenthood, and we highlight progress made by the AOS to improve gender diversity, equity, and inclusion within the Society. For example, AOS caregiver grants allow more parents to attend and participate in conferences. We suggest additional initiatives (e.g., elevating role models, hosting mentoring networks, and disseminating best practices) that could further support women who want to become or already are parents while also achieving rewarding careers in ornithology. AOS leadership can take steps to close the gender gap in ornithology and other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields. With a larger, more diverse, and talented community, the Society will be better equipped to achieve its mission: conserving and understanding bird life on earth, enriching ornithology as a profession, and mentoring young professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Cultura y Religión is the property of Miguel Angel Mansilla Aguero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the institution of the National Program to Strengthen Family Agriculture in 1995, financial resources for family agriculture had a previously non-existent access channel. Among the subprograms of Pronaf is the line focused on agroecology, instituted from the 2003/2004 harvest, which has low access. In this context, the article presented here results from a research that seeks to analyze limits and potentialities in the access of family farmers to the Pronaf Agroecology line in the Cantuquiriguaçu / PR Citizenship Territory. Exploratory descriptive instruments were used, through a case study collecting data with family farmers and agents of financial institutions, seeking to compare and compare the answers about the lack of access to the subprogram in the region. The results indicate that the family farmers interviewed have an interest in accessing the resources, but due to lack of knowledge, difficulties regarding the requirements, fears about indebtedness and interest rates, this does not happen. In the case of financial institutions what has been observed is that the line is not attractive in financial terms to be made available. Consequently, there is no clear understanding of how it works and there is a need for technical assistance to be more effective in instructing, guiding and assisting family farmers to submit viable projects to financial institutions. Overcoming these limits can be a means of harnessing the potential of agroecological production, so important and necessary for social, environmental and economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Os empreendimentos rurais possuem um papel importante no cenário econômico nacional, contudo a ineficiência na gestão afeta negativamente seu desempenho, sendo esta a problemática estudada. Este artigo tem como objetivo, e traz como contribuição, a proposição um modelo de painel de indicadores que oportuniza um melhor processo de gerenciamento das propriedades rurais. Para a elaboração da proposta os autores fizeram uso do método indutivo, valendo-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, quanto aos fins; bibliográfica, observacional, documental e de campo, constituindo-se o estudo de caso ponto de partida para a proposta. Do ponto de vista da abordagem do problema caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Foram observadas propriedades produtoras de leite no Vale do Taquari/RS e na Região da Galícia na Espanha. Após coletados os dados foi possível constatar o não uso de indicadores pelos produtores e então elaborar a proposta aqui apresentada.

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This article critiques the way Freud associates the uncanny with the idea of repression. The rhetoric he uses in the essay destabilizes his effort to place it in the depths of the psyche especially as he examines dictionary definitions, interprets the doublings in Hoffmann's 'The Sandman', formulates an anthropological argument based on unsurmounted belief and reveals his stance on religion. Moving beyond repression, the article underscores the aspect of secrecy in the constitution of the 'unheimlich' and proposes a contextual return to the conflicts between secrecy and openness, between keeping private and making public that primarily play out on the surfaces of the psyche rather than in its repressed depths. It concludes with a return to the dictionary entries that fascinated Freud in order to cull more insights into the uncanny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to present topics that characterize the evolution of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in the period from 2003 to 2015. Institutionalized in 2003 as a structuring action of the Zero Hunger Program, the actions of the program allied elements of agricultural policy and food security policy, enabling the articulation between production, marketing and consumption, aiming at collaborating with the fight against hunger and poverty in Brazil and, at the same time, strengthening family farming. To do this, an analysis of the PAA trajectory will be carried out on a national scale, as well as macro-regions (Center-West, Northeast, North, Southeast and South). It is possible to affirm, given the results obtained with the research that, although the resources destined to the program have been significantly expanded, their scope is still limited and concentrated in spatial terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mediodorsal thalamus is a higher order thalamic nucleus critical for many cognitive behaviors. Defined by its reciprocal connections with the prefrontal cortex, the mediodorsal thalamus receives strong projections from chemosensory cortical areas for taste and smell, gustatory cortex and piriform cortex. Recent studies indicate the mediodorsal thalamus is involved in experience-dependent chemosensory processes, including olfactory attention and discrimination and the hedonic perception of odor-taste mixtures. How novel and familiar chemosensory stimuli are represented within this structure remains unclear. Here, we compared the expression of c-Fos in the mediodorsal thalami of rats familiar with an odor, a taste, or an odor-taste mixture with those that sampled the stimuli for the first time. We found that familiar tastes or odor-taste mixtures induced significantly greater c-Fos expression in the mediodorsal thalamus than novel tastes or odor-taste mixtures, whereas novel odors induced greater c-Fos expression than familiar odors. These experience-dependent and modality-specific differences in c-Fos expression may relate to the behavioral relevance of the chemosensory stimulus, including odor neophobia. In a two-bottle brief-access preference task, rats preferred water to isoamyl acetate-odorized water over multiple days. However, after experience with isoamyl acetate mixed with sucrose (odor-taste mixture), the preference for water was eliminated. These findings demonstrate that experience with chemosensory stimuli modulates responses in the mediodorsal thalamus, suggesting this structure plays an integral role in communicating behaviorally relevant chemosensory information to higher order areas to guide food-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to this special issue of the "Journal of Anthropological Research" is presented, which explores diverse case studies of the familiar and the strange that are specifically connected to heritage-making and tourism encounters.

Actualmente los servicios de Emergencia de los diferentes hospitales del Perú, se ven muy congestionados de pacientes, quienes presentan innumerables problemas de salud, muchos de ellos con compromiso hemodinámico. Debido a la inestabilidad de las personas afectadas, la enfermera centra su atención en el cuidado que debe brindar, dejando a un segundo plano la familia; originándoles una percepción de amenaza y experimentando una gran incertidumbre. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el nivel de incertidumbre en el familiar frente a la enfermedad en la unidad de Shock Trauma, con el fin de contribuir a la reflexión profesional de las enfermeras, comprender las diferentes situaciones que el familiar enfrenta y el grado de incertidumbre que afrontan durante este periodo. Esta investigación utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte trasversal. Se tuvo una población de 634 y una muestra de 239 personas. En la investigación se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos una encuesta que toma como referencia la Escala de Incertidumbre de Mishel, se empleó la técnica de muestreo no probabilístico consecutivo, obteniendo como resultados que el 68% de los familiares tenía un nivel regular de incertidumbre, 26% de población tenía un nivel bajo de incertidumbre, y el 6% un nivel alto de incertidumbre. Por último se concluyó que a menor grado de instrucción y menor tiempo de permanencia genera mayor índice de incertidumbre en el familiar frente a la enfermedad.

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Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En los últimos años, la actividad frijolera en Costa Rica ha ido perdiendo competitividad, afectada principalmente por los altos costos de producción y precios de importación más bajos; lo anterior lleva a cuestionarse si el cultivo del frijol debería seguir fomentándose, pero al evaluar no sólo el punto de vista económico, sino más bien haciendo especial enfoque a las repercusiones sociales, ambientales y culturales que conlleva la actividad. La investigación se plantea al carecer de información formal y documentada que permita visualizar la realidad del sector frijolero en aspectos sociales, ambientales y económicos en el campo de la sustentabilidad de gremios conformados principalmente por pequeños productores de empresas cooperativas y asociaciones, en los cantones de Upala, Guatuso y Los Chiles de la Zona Huetar Norte, así como en las localidades de Santa Cecilia y la Cruz de Guanacaste. Para lo anterior, se utilizó la metodología conocida como marco de evaluación MESMIS. Las conclusiones más relevantes arrojan que la actividad frijolera es una actividad familiar, con una alta vulnerabilidad en factores sociales y económicos asociados a la actividad, resultados que se vinculan directamente con la declaratoria del Año Internacional de la Agricultura Familiar (AIAF) 2014, propuesto por la FAO, que tiene como objetivo aumentar la visibilidad de la agricultura familiar y la agricultura a pequeña escala. Abstract During the latter years, dry bean production in Costa Rica has lost competitiveness due to high production costs and lower import prices that lead to reconsider whether dry bean production should still be encouraged but also consider the social, environmental and cultural consequences entailed in this activity. This research was driven by a lack of documented formal data that could help visualize the sector’s social, environmental and economic aspects that bind together the professional unions of mainly cooperative and rural associations of small farmers in the cantons of Upala, Guatuso and Los Chiles of the Northern Huetar Zone, as well as those from the communities of Santa Cecilia and La Cruz in the Guanacaste province. To this end, a methodology known as the MESMIS Evaluating Framework was used. The most relevant conclusions point out that dry bean production is a familial activity with high vulnerability to social and economic factors associated with this activity, that can be directly related to the declaration by FAO of the year 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming (IYFF) with the objective of increasing the visibility of family and small scale farming

Ultraviolet (UV) coloration varies drastically across species and likely plays fundamentally different roles in facilitating social communication depending on the ecological or social context. While it is well known that UV coloration serves important social functions in species that school and flock, far less is known about the role of UV coloration in group-territorial and colonial species, where individuals have long-lasting and potentially cooperative relationships with many neighbours. We measured spectral reflectance in Neolamprologus pulcher , a group-living, colonial Tanganyikan cichlid fish, and found prominent UV coloration on both sexes. We manipulated the visibility of this UV coloration using a clear UV-blocking filter or a UV-transparent filter during behavioural contests across a barrier. We found that trials between similarly sized same-sex opponents involved significantly lower frequencies of aggression when opponents' UV coloration was obscured compared to when opponents' UV coloration was visible. As aggression is typically high between similarly sized same-sex individuals in N. pulcher , this reduction in aggression suggests that UV coloration aids in motivating individuals to engage in conspecific intrasexual interactions. We found no difference in aggression in trials between familiar and unfamiliar opponents in female–female and male–female trials, regardless of the presence of UV coloration. In male–male trials, we found significantly higher frequencies of aggression in contests between familiar male opponents than in contests between unfamiliar male opponents, but only when UV coloration was visible. Collectively, these results suggest that UV coloration is important for intrasexual interactions and prompts further investigation as to the benefits of having visual signals of communication extend into the ultraviolet spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented which discusses several articles within issue on topics including recognition of newly learned faces across different views; using eye-tracking to examine familiarity by comparing eye movements to personally known faces; and learning experiences of faces in infants.