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Copyright of Engineer Military Bulletin / Muszaki Katonai Közlöny is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, there has been increasing interest in firearms in Poland, which may be related to the armed conflict in the territory of our eastern neighbors. Programs are being implemented to familiarise and promote sport shooting in society. The aim of this research was to obtain information on the knowledge of persons serving in Fire Protection Units (FPU) in safety in incidents with firearms and firearms ammunition, the risk of their use, their use or effects of such use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 228 people took part in an anonymous survey. The study was addressed to both: professional firefighters in State Fire Service (SFS) and Volunteer Fire Brigade (VFB). The research tool was a proprietary questionnaire composed of 10 questions. The questionnaire was made available to respondents online using Google Forms. RESULTS: Professional firefighters more often indicated the correct answer, i.e. "Strategy for dealing with the casualty on the battlefield" (61% vs 64%, p = 0.020). In the question checking the knowledge of the possibility of sending firearms and ammunition, volunteer firefighters more often indicated the answer that it is absolutely forbidden (79% vs 58%, p = 0.032). In the question regarding the self-assessment of the ability to secure a potentially loaded firearm, it was shown that the assessed skill improved statistically significantly with age (p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Firefighters' knowledge of safety rules in incidents involving firearms is insufficient. Completion of a course in qualified first aid, professional development covering only Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) issues, and military service for firefighters are insufficient during activities where there is a risk of contact with firearms and ammunition. Firefighters do not use TCCC safety considerations against an armed casualty when the event is a fire incident. Firefighters presented a low level of knowledge of current legal regulations with regard to the possession, transport, and protection of firearms and ammunition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze past cyber attacks on fire department operational systems and to assess the risks of a cyber incident. Material and methods Analysis of data from open sources and bicriteria analysis of studies in scientific databases were used. A graphical method for assessing the level of risk using a two-dimensional matrix was also used. Results The highest risk level of 15 was recorded for phishing attacks in Confidentiality and Availability of data, followed by ransomware attacks in the same area. In the area of drone events in firefighting operations, the highest risk level of 6 was recorded for GPS Spoofing attacks during a mass event in terms of data availability (Availability). Conclusions To date, fire department cyber incidents have not affected business continuity. However, in the event of a mass or hybrid incident, the occurrence of an incident in operational systems, can significantly reduce operational capacity and thus affect life-saving operations.

INTRODUCTION: : State Fire Service (SFS) officers are increasingly frequently carrying out medical rescue activities (MRA), especially in the scope of qualified first aid (QFA), providing assistance to people harmed in fires and other local threats.Due to the accepted medical procedures, possessed medical equipment and a high number of officers with medical background, SFS units are the second service, right after NEMS, in terms of the volume of provided medical support in different events, particularly fires (F) and local threats (LT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper used the statistical data regarding performance of QFA tasks by SFS officers from the Decision-Making Support System of the State Fire Service (DMSSFS), made available by the Operations Planning Office (OPO) in the Headquarters of the State Fire Service (HSFS). The analyzed material covered the period of 2010 – 2021 and the area of the capital city of Warsaw.Using the method of choropleth maps to present the administrative units of the city, the most overloaded places in terms of emergency activities were presented where QFA intervention was required. RESULTS: The number of events recorded by SFS in Warsaw in the analyzed period was 150,209 (without false alarms – FA), during which QFA activities were performed 9,911 times. The average percentage number of such activities in relation to all events (fires and local threats) was 6.60% and a slow, yet systematic, growth of such events in consecutive years.The highest magnitude of QFA activities – and so the very high level (>201 points) was seen in the district of Śródmieście and the high level(121-200 points)in the following districts: Mokotów, Wola, PragaPółnoc, PragaPołudnie, Targówek. In particular, considering individual estates, these were: ŚródmieściePołudniowe (293), StaryMokotów (150), Mirów (139), Brudno (122), Zacisze (179), Grochów (155) and SaskaKępa (145). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the usefulness of mapping medical interventionsand the analyzed spatial data confirmthat the KDE method is characterized by a more precise fitting of the fragments of the MIS estates to the scale of magnitude of the investigated event – QFA activities performed by SFS firefighters. Therefore, using the analytical techniques of GIS is a good tool for planning and interventional support for the SFS activities and it additionally shows phenomena not visible when the data are presented in a table.

The fire brigade non-suppression probability model is a major factor that should be considered in evaluating fire-induced risk through fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA), and also uncertainty is a critical consideration in support of risk-informed performance-based (RIPB) fire protection decision-making. This study developed an optimal integrated probabilistic fire brigade non-suppression model considering uncertainty of parameters based on the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach on electrical fire which is one of the most risk significant contributors. The result shows that the log-normal probability model with a location parameter (μ) of 2.063 and a scale parameter (σ) of 1.879 is best fitting to the actual fire experience data. It gives optimal model adequacy performance with Bayesian information criterion (BIC) of −1601.766, residual sum of squares (RSS) of 2.51E-04, and mean squared error (MSE) of 2.08E-06. This optimal log-normal model shows the better performance of the model adequacy than the exponential probability model suggested in the current fire PRA methodology, with a decrease of 17.3% in BIC, 85.3% in RSS, and 85.3% in MSE. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to the improvement and securement of fire PRA realism in the support of decision-making for RIPB fire protection programs.

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Wildland Fire Science is the property of Journal of Wildland Fire Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, research on the relationship between forest fires and meteorology is carried out using simple meteorological variables (temperature, wind, and precipitation) from a few well-selected Greek meteorological stations. The 5 years (1998, 2000, 2007, 2012, and 2021) which recorded burnt areas for more than the 25-year average (37,000 ha) had as a common characteristic, on the one hand, a much drier than usual two-month period (July–August) following a winter period with a shortage of rainfall, and on the other hand a number of days with very high temperatures higher than the average of the last 25 years. The latter implies that average temperatures in all three summer months were at least 1 °C above their normal value. In the years following, the burnt areas were below their average regardless of the precipitation and summer temperature patterns. However, when precipitation during the two-month period (July–August) was two or more times more than normal, fire seasons had, at most, one-third of the 25-year average of burned areas, regardless of the precipitation of the winter periods preceding and summer temperatures in those years. This is very important as already in the early days of each fire season it will be possible to make an estimation of its outcome and to prepare more appropriately when the accuracy of the long-term seasonal forecast of temperature and rainfall anomalies is improved.

INTRODUCTION: State Fire Service (SFS) officers are increasingly frequently carrying out medical rescue activities (MRA), especially in the scope of qualified first aid (QFA), providing assistance to people harmed in fires and other local threats. Due to the accepted medical procedures, possessed medical equipment and a high number of officers with medical background, SFS units are the second service, right after NEMS, in terms of the volume of provided medical support in different events, particularly fires (F) and local threats (LT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The paper used the statistical data regarding performance of QFA tasks by SFS officers from the Decision-Making Support System of the State Fire Service (DMSSFS), made available by the Operations Planning Office (OPO) in the Headquarters of the State Fire Service (HSFS). The analyzed material covered the period of 2010 -- 2021 and the area of the capital city of Warsaw. Using the method of choropleth maps to present the administrative units of the city, the most overloaded places in terms of emergency activities were presented where QFA intervention was required. RESULTS: The number of events recorded by SFS in Warsaw in the analyzed period was 150,209 (without false alarms -- FA), during which QFA activities were performed 9,911 times. The average percentage number of such activities in relation to all events (fires and local threats) was 6.60% and a slow, yet systematic, growth of such events in consecutive years. The highest magnitude of QFA activities -- and so the very high level (>201 points) was seen in the district of Śródmieście and the high level(121-200 points)in the following districts: Mokotów, Wola, PragaPółnoc, PragaPołudnie, Targówek. In particular, considering individual estates, these were: ŚródmieściePołudniowe (293), StaryMokotów (150), Mirów (139), Brudno (122), Zacisze (179), Grochów (155) and SaskaKępa (145). CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of the usefulness of mapping medical interventionsand the analyzed spatial data Confirm that the KDE method is characterized by a more precise fitting of the fragments of the MIS estates to the scale of magnitude of the investigated event -- QFA activities performed by SFS firefighters. Therefore, using the analytical techniques of GIS is a good tool for planning and interventional support for the SFS activities and it additionally shows phenomena not visible when the data are presented in a table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Duzce University Institute of Social Sciences / Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Duzce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this article: analysis of the activities of the personnel of the fire department of Leningrad, authorities to protect the population and the city from fires.Tasks: to adequately evaluate, on the basis of archival and other sources, the courage and heroism of the fighters and fire brigade commanders, the population of the city, the organizational activities of the governing bodies during the blockade.Conclusions: the courage and heroism of the defenders of the besieged city are a unique phenomenon in the history of mankind. There is still much to be done to recreate the full picture of the unparalleled struggle of Leningrad residents in the battle for the city on the Neva

Aim: The contemporary nature of terrorist attacks forces the rescue services to develop and enhance their operational potential to support the system which guarantees the safety of the civilians. The tasks of the State Fire Service (PSP) in Poland in the country’s anti-terrorist protection system indicate that these units play a key role in neutralizing the effects of terrorist attacks. The tasks of the formation include conducting rescue operations in the field of saving the lives and health of people and protection of property and environment in the situation of a sudden threat, as well as undertaking activities to identify threats, including contamination with chemical and radioactive substances, and conducting initial biological recognition activities. New tools and forms in terrorist threats require much broader skills and competences of PSP officers. Introducing full preparation of PSP officers to act during terrorist events may directly and indirectly strengthen the national anti-terrorist system. Methodology: A non-probabilistic research method with targeted selection using the PAPI (Paper And Pencil Interview) tool was applied. The study was conducted among the management of PSP. The survey involved thirty seven officers, thirty-two of whom were provincial commanders and/or their deputies, as well as officers performing management tasks. The remaining five respondents were officers holding managerial positions in the PSP Headquarters. Literature and legal regulations were reviewed and analysed. Results: In the study officers representing the commanding staff of the State Fire Service were included. A vast majority of the participants of this study claimed that terrorist threats in Poland are real. Which, in turn, resulted in the need to develop far reaching educational programs that adequately prepare fire-fighters to deal with terrorist threats and activities. Conclusions: State Fire Service officers are prepared to respond to many aspects of rescue operations, however, this continues to be an area of great research potential, where the focal point of discussion should focus on the improvement of all aspects of proper and effective response of the State Fire Service terrorist events. An innovative programme that addresses these concerns is the 3P model based on three domains: prevention, practice and psychotraumatology.

Copyright of Journal of Paper Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology (2657-8808) is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The County Government of Nairobi faces a myriad of capacity challenges that have impeded fire disaster management in the City. This is further compounded by the lack of a comprehensive legal and institutional framework for disaster management in Kenya. Whereas the County Government enlists assistance from other public, private and civil society organizations, the approach employed is skewed towards interagency coordination rather than a collaborative approach. This paper looks at the concept of collaboration and its overall application in disaster management. It gives an overview of the Kenyan situation in relation to fire disaster management in Nairobi. The paper indicates that the County Government the County government has no framework for inter-agency collaboration thus fire disaster operations involve coordination of the different agencies by either the County government or the National Disaster Operations Centre. This means that the interaction between the agencies involved is one in which formal linkages are mobilized because some assistance is required for fire disaster response rather than a joint decision making approach where power is shared and all agencies take collective responsibility. The paper concludes that given the County government's inadequate capacity for fire disaster management, there is need to embrace inter-agency collaboration to enhance fire disaster management in the city. It thus recommends the formulation and adoption of a fire disaster management policy; formulation and implementation of fire disaster management legislation; fostering partnerships with the private sector through Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs); and the development of an interagency fire management program/plan, as suggestions to augment inter-agency collaboration for fire disaster management.

Purpose: The proposal of key processes at a workplace of the Operational and Information Centre (OIC) of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR) and description necessities for a proper applying of the process management. Methodology/Approach: Applying of process management at specific conditions. Findings: The paper presents process diagrams of the key processes of the OIC and describes a continuity, concurrence and causality among them. The double role of institutions in the key processes is shown. A necessity of proper setting of process evaluation parameters is outlined. Research Limitation/implication: The process management is not applied in full range yet. Creating of process maps, setting of process performance indicators, methods for processes performance measurement and applying of the risk management principles are needed.Originality/Value of paper: The paper describes first activities in applying of the quality management at the FRS CR.

The purpose of the scientific publication is to conduct an analysis of the development of firefighting technology, the design and implementation of models of fire vehicles, the introduction of fire and technical equipment in the garrisons of the fire protection of the UkrSSR in 1930-1939. The problems of the production and provision of firefighting equipment in the fire departments of the paramilitary fire brigades and communal fire services of Ukraine in the 1930s were investigated ХХ century. The influence of revolutionary events on the state of technical equipment of fire departments was studied. The conditions of manufacturing and introduction of firefighting equipment in the ‘30s are highlighted. The analysis of the main types of fire trucks which fire garrisons of Ukraine were equipped with was carried out. Problematic issues in the technical support of fire brigades were identified. On the basis of the application of general scientific methods, periods of production and introduction of domestic firefighting equipment in fire stations in the interwar period were generalized and established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problems of provision of fire-technical equipment and equipment of professional firefighters of communal and paramilitary fire units of Ukraine in the 20s of the 20th century were investigated. The influence of revolutionary events on the state of technical equipment of fire departments was studied. The analysis of the work of firefighters of Ukraine to overcome the technical crisis of fire extinguishing in the first half of the 20s was conducted. The activities of the All-Ukrainian central fire department and government structures for the organization of supplying fire brigades with firefighting technical equipment were highlighted. On the basis of the application of general scientific methods, the role of fire technology in the effective operation of firefighters was objectively reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontline command is based on the cognitive ability of the individual commander, but it is also a relational activity. In this article, the performativity of the body as a notion is applied to frontline command as a means of understanding how the body communicates in the midst of action. To this end, the performativity of eight frontline commanders was studied through the use of helmet‐mounted action cameras worn during real incidents. The empirical findings suggest that bodily performativity such as gearing‐up and gearing‐down affects the frontline commander's ability to command, sometimes unconsciously. The study also shows that the performativity of the commander's body plays an active role in frontline command, as it both aids and hinders decision‐making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is key for a safe deployment of the fire brigade. Incorrect judgement could lead to decreased effectivity or even casualties. Because of the risks that are posed by building complexity and modern building materials, the Dutch fire brigade is increasingly hesitant to enter the building during a building fire. While no two building fires are the same and personal judgement of the fire brigade will remain necessary, good information supply could aid the commanders in making the right choices. There are a lot of factors that come into play when choosing strategy, tactics and techniques. An effective information system should present the right and up to date information at the right moment, and it should do so in an intuitive and effective manner. Most cartography research has been done for outdoor applications; indoor cartography is in its infancy. This research aims to develop cartographic methods to aid the Dutch fire brigade during building fire deployments. Based on the requirements of the organization a novel approach is introduced: ToggleMaps. This mobile interface combines a main map pane with a reference pane, both in either 2D or 3D and with either a low or a high level of detail. This allows the user to toggle between two states: a detailed 2D overview of a separate building level with its perspective within the 3D reference map, or a more detailed 3D overview of the whole building with a simplified 2D reference map of his current building level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, an Integrated probabilistic risk assessment (I-PRA) methodological framework for Fire PRA is developed to provide a unified multi-level probabilistic integration, beginning with spatio-temporal simulation-based models of underlying failure mechanisms (i.e., physical phenomena and human actions), connecting to component-level failures, and then linking to system-level risk scenarios in classical PRA. The simulation-based module, called the fire simulation module (FSM), includes state-of-the-art models of fire initiation, fire progression, post-fire failure damage propagation, fire brigade response, and scenario-based damage. Fire progression is simulated using a CFD code, fire dynamics simulator (FDS), which solves Navier–Stokes equations governing the turbulent flow field. Uncertainty quantification is conducted to address parameter uncertainties. The I-PRA paves the way for reducing excessive conservatisms derived from the modeling of (i) fire progression and damage and (ii) the interactions between fire progression and manual suppression. Global importance measure analysis is used to rank the risk-contributing factors. A case study demonstrates the implementation of I-PRA for a regulatory-documented fire scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to consider the peculiarities of the structure and work of fire-fighting utilities in the cities of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in the first half of the 1930s. Features of the composition of urban fire brigades and the specifics of their professional activities are described. The article used the problem-chronological and historical-systematic methods of research, which gave an opportunity to approach the analysis of these problematic issues with scientific objectivity. This paper is based on the materials of the Central State Archives of the Supreme Power and Administration of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to fit the location and size (expressed as the number of rescuers) of fire brigades to sites of potential interventions within the Poddębice county. The analysis included distribution within the Poddębice county: population, building, infrastructure, road and rail, forests, reservoirs and rivers. For each of the above subject areas used a composite of two stages method for determining the efficiency of the fire brigade in spatial terms, in such a way that possibly most accurately captures the essence of the study of individual elements. For this purpose they were used the data obtained from the units and fire brigades from Topographic Database Objects. As a result of analysis on the accessibility of fire brigades to sites of potential interventions within the Poddębice county should be stated that the worst situation concerns two cities in the region - Poddębice and Uniejów, which is mainly a shortage of firefighters, in relation to these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research discussed the raliabilty of Empowerment Module for Authorities Community Leader, House Leader and Individuals in Action Integrated Flood Disaster Malaysia. The study involved two phases of studies, Phase I: Development Module based on constructs Empowerment Module for Authorities Community Leader, House Leader and Individuals in Action Integrated Flood Disaster, and Phase II: Getting reliability value of Empowerment Module for Authorities Community Leader, House Leader and Individuals in Action Integrated Flood Disaster. Modular construction construct managed to build 10 strategies of Empowerment Module for Authorities Community Leader, House Leader and Individuals in Action Integrated Flood Disaster in Malaysia. 50 respondents were selected among authorities officer (Police, Army, health department, first aid department, community works, social workers from the relevant organizations of Kelanatan, Malaysia for the reliability testing. The reliability showed high values which is .951. Results indicated that this research was successful generate the Empowerment Module for Authorities Community Leader, House Leader and Individuals in Action Integrated Flood Disaster with good reliability for the use in the flood management in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the application of MLCP location-allocationmodel in GIS environment to optimise the number andlocations of fire brigade units, which would intervene in case ofroad incidents. There are 40 fire brigade units that are more orless equipped and trained to intervene in such cases. For simulationpurposes, a potential demand for intervention of emergencysquads was calculated, and the potential spatial accessibilitywas investigated.

Individuals working for the emergency services often bear witness to distressing events. This outcome study examines therapeutic interventions for Fire Service personnel (FSP) experiencing symptoms of trauma, depression, anxiety and low levels of self-compassion. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) as an adjunct to Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) in reducing symptoms of trauma, anxiety and depression and increasing self-compassion. A convenience sample (n = 17) of participants, referred for therapy following a traumatic incident, were allocated to receive 12 sessions of either TF-CBT or TF-CBT coupled with CFT. The study employed a repeated-measures design. Data were gathered pre- and post-therapy, using three questionnaires: (1) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; (2) Impact of Events Scale-R; (3) Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form. TF-CBT combined with CFT was more effective than TF-CBT alone on measures of self-compassion. Significant reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, hyperarousal, intrusion and avoidance and a significant increase in self-compassion occurred in both groups post-therapy. The study provides some preliminary evidence to suggest that FSP may benefit from therapeutic interventions aimed at cultivating self-compassion. Further research is warranted using a larger sample size and adequately powered randomized controlled trial, to detect statistically significant differences and to negate the risk of confound due to low numbers resulting in significant differences between groups at baseline. Using CFT as an adjunct to TF-CBT may help FSP, who bear witness to the distress of others, cultivate compassion for their own suffering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Çankırı Karatekin University Journal of the Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences is the property of Cankiri Karatekin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Data relating to the months between June and September 2007 for the Emilia Romagna Region evidently show the extraordinary commitment by the Fire Brigade towards forest fires, in despite all authority regarding schemes concerning prevention and control of this phenomenun being given to regional councils (according to the Act n. 353/2000).Contrary to what has happened in other regions, the Emilia Romagna Region at Council has worked in a very profitable manner with the Fire Brigade and the National Forestry Commission to carry out the scheme, so enabling them to tackle effectively with the difficult and serious situation which occurred during the period between July and August 2007. If similar situations are not to occur again, it is necessary to seriously apply all the contents of the 353/2000 Act, aiming to rationalize all the resources available and improve the capacity to operatively face these problems. À partir des données de la région de l'Emilie-Romagne relatives aux mois compris entre juin et septembre 2007, il est évident que l'engagement de Sapeurs-Pompiers dans la lutte contre les incendies des forêts a été exceptionnel, bien que les compétences des plans de programmation des activités de prévision, prévention et répression relèvent des Régions (Loi Cadre n° 353/2000). Contrairement à d'autres régions, celle de l'Emilie-Romagne a coopéré de manière productive avec les Sapeurs-Pompiers et le Corps National des Gardes Forestiers pour la rédaction de ce plan, qui a permis d'affronter efficacement la situation difficile de la période juin-août 2007.Afin que des situations comme celles de l'été 2007 ne se répètent plus, il faut appliquer sérieusement tout ce que la Loi Cadre n° 353 prévoit pour rationaliser les ressources impliquées et améliorer la capacité de réponse opérationnelle.

Purpose: The proposal of key processes at a workplace of the Operational and Information Centre (OIC) of the Fire and Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS CR) and description necessities for a proper applying of the process management. Methodology/Approach: Applying of process management at specific conditions. Findings: The paper presents process diagrams of the key processes of the OIC and describes a continuity, concurrence and causality among them. The double role of institutions in the key processes is shown. A necessity of proper setting of process evaluation parameters is outlined. Research Limitation/implication: The process management is not applied in full range yet. Creating of process maps, setting of process performance indicators, methods for processes performance measurement and applying of the risk management principles are needed. Originality/Value of paper: The paper describes first activities in applying of the quality management at the FRS CR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of a simple flow model to describe the entrainment into the air cone created by a positive pressure ventilator (PPV) fan are compared to experimental data. Velocity profiles measured in the air cone of a conventional PPV ventilator are used. The entrainment coefficient and the cone angle were determined for the fan investigated. The correspondence between calculated and measured values is discussed and disparities explained. The findings from the tests are turned into practical guidance for the fire brigade and the advantages and limitations of the simplified model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health problem. The objective of this study is to explore the effects of a dual dispatch early defibrillation programme. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)