Search

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alongside the imperative proper, Livonian has developed a secondary indirect imperative paradigm referred to as the jussive. The category of person is the most controversial category concerning imperatives. The scope of the functions of imperatives has also received a lot of attention. This study focuses on the distribution of the person forms of the Livonian jussive and the covariance between function and person. Jussive occurrences from two corpora have been analysed for person and function, cross-referenced, and analysed for prototypicality of function. The Livonian jussive is most frequently used in the third person, but all person forms are attested. All forms occur in prototypical and non-prototypical imperative functions, but the first-person forms are used more frequently for non-prototypical functions, while other forms are used more often for prototypical functions. The results suggest that prototypicality might be determined both by mood as well as person, meaning that prototypical imperative functions might be different for every person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the meanings of the Estonian core verb laskma ('to let'), explains the development and usage of its grammatical constructions, and describes the most common semantic types of the laskmacausative (LET-causative). Data for this study were collected from corpora of written Estonian texts from the 16th century to the present. The first instance of the laskmacausative is impossible to ascertain due to the grammatical constructions of laskma already appearing in written texts in the 16th and 17th centuries (explained as forced grammaticalization). However, the process of grammaticalization can be elucidated through the relationships among the meanings of laskma and bridging constructions. The lexical meanings of laskma were categorized into four groups: 'to move a substance somewhere or in some direction', 'to not hinder', 'to act at full speed', and 'to discharge something from a firearm'. The verb laskma appears in a permissive causative construction (causer + laskma + causee + Vdainf), expressing the meaning of 'to allow'. Laskma + Vdainf also signifies 'to ask someone to do something'. The usage of laskma + Vdainf 'to allow' is the most frequent among all [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lähivõrdlusi / Lähivertailuja is the property of Eesti Rakenduslingvistika Uhing (ERU) / Estonian Association for Applied Linguistics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims to reconstruct the philosophical message found in Jaan Oks' fragmentary works "Females" (Emased, 1908), "Flesh" (Ihu, 1908), and "Nameless Beast" (Nimetu elajas, 1909). The author argues that within these works, amidst alternating and colliding voices, a louder and more distinct one emerges - a prophetic- philosophical narrator who uses unfolding sketches to provide broad metaphysical generalizations and assessments, primarily concerning human nature and gender differences. In addition to reconstructing the philosophical positions, these are compared with Friedrich Nietzsche's views on the same subjects, exploring the extent of Nietzsche's influence on Oks' works. In the first step of the interpretation, the article examines how Oks' texts define human nature. Human beings are reduced to natural creatures lacking a soul, with sexual drive at the core of their essence. A comparison reveals significant similarities between Oks and Nietzsche's perspectives on human nature. Both also declare the invalidity of Christian moral teachings. However, Oks' texts do not lead to a celebration of the natural human sexual drive; instead, an aversion persists. The article continues with a reconstruction of the philosophical generalizations explaining this situation. In the second step, the article explores the relationship of Oks' texts with secularization. It becomes apparent that the divine, transcendent sphere cannot be simply erased from Oks' works, despite declarations to the contrary. For Oks, God remains a problem addressed through blasphemous fantasies in the examined works. Additionally, the hypothetical godless life is not enjoyable for Oks' philosophical voice; existential meaninglessness dominates. The mood contained in Oks' works is compared with Nietzsche's concept of the "death of God", finding significant similarities. In the third aspect, the article examines the relationships between the two sexes. Here, too, substantial overlaps are identified between Oks and Nietzsche's perspectives. Both assert an insurmountable tension and conflict between the sexes, emphasizing women's greater affinity to nature. In Oks' works, men are attributed the desire to distance themselves from their nature - sexual drive - and retreat into solitude. From this distance, the female sex is insulted and degraded so vehemently and at such great length that a parallel can be drawn to a blasphemous relationship with God. The final section examines the pursuit of detachment from life, of overcoming humanity, attributed to the poet in Oks' works, comparing it to Nietzsche's concept of art. Despite several similarities, a significant difference emerges: Nietzsche understands art's main purpose vitalistically, as a means to overcome decadence, the defining movement of his era. This requires the overcoming of humanity as it exists. Oks' conception, on the other hand, remains programmatically decadent and is directed towards the decline and end of humankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an overview of the church growth models as different church practices and approaches of how church growth is understood and sought. These practices have emerged in a specific cultural and social environment, so their diversity is inevitable. As such, these models are formulated by modelling various practices which seek the growth of the church. The models of Church Growth discussed in this article are: Church Renewal and Revival; Home Church and Small Group; Church Growth; Church Health; Missional Church and Church Planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the experience of Gulag as reflected in Jaan Kross’s fiction, memoirs and letters from the camp, focusing on its fictional representation in his short stories. The article argues that Kross conveys his experience by using the conventions of the picaresque novel: a loose plot that is based on lucky coincidences and satire that is meant to criticise the power relations in the society. By comparing Kross’s representation to the canonical text about Soviet camp experience by Solzhenitsyn and Shalamov, the article shows that the picaresque key chosen by Kross is linked to his techniques of moral survival in the camp, and is therefore unable to capture the dehumanising impact of Soviet labour camps and the ethical dilemmas it posed to its inhabitants. In the second part of the article, by way of Kross’s intertextual links to German Holocaust literature, his representation is placed in the context of a wider a debate about the representation of extreme historical violence in the 20th century. In summarising a debate between Rolf Hochhuth and Theodor Adorno about the role of the individual, its agency and responsibility in the face of a violent system, the article argues that Kross’s picaresque key in his representation of Gulag is linked to his underlying humanism and the belief in the moral strength of the individual even in the grip of state terror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Professional & Vocational Education (JPVE) / Ammattikasvatuksen Aikakauskirja is the property of Finnish Vocational Education Research Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Our research question is whether the remarkable morphological diversity observed in dying Finnic languages occurs just on community level, or is it also characteristic of the usage of a single speaker. To answer this question we take a closer look at idiolect variation in a hitherto unexplored variety of Karelian, namely, the Kolvitsa dialect spoken in the Kola peninsula. Examining lexical, morphophonological and morphological variation we focus on the possible reasons behind the use of parallel forms. We observe that lexical variation is often conditioned by dialect geography, i.e. it depends on the origin of the (grand)parents of Kolvitsa residents from different regions of White Sea Karelia, whereas in the case of morpho(phono)logy the main factor behind choice and alternation is erosion of language structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper targets directive utterances in Estonian everyday interaction that include the CTP-marker (ma) arvan (et) '(I) think (that)'. The aim of the study was to find out for what purposes interactants use this marker in directives. The data was drawn from the Corpus of Spoken Estonian of the University of Tartu. For analyzing the data, principles of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis were applied. The study revealed that the main functions of the CTP-marker (ma) arvan (et) in directives are the following: * The marker is used for showing that what follows is an opinion; * The marker is used for displaying the speaker's epistemic stance towards the propositional content of the utterance. In some cases the marker expresses the speaker's uncertainty towards what is being said, in other cases it expresses certainty conveying the meaning 'in my opinion'; * The marker opens up a dialogic space by leaving room for other opinions of other participants; * The marker is used for sharing the responsibility for a possible negative outcome of fulfilling a directive; * The marker is used for mitigating the directive; * The marker is used for emphasizing the authoritative position of the speaker; * The marker is used for organizing the course of interaction. As these functions often occur concurrently in the use of the marker (ma) arvan (et), this marker is multifunctional. The study showed that the functions of the CTPmarker (ma) arvan (et) in directives used in Estonian interaction are broadly the same as the functions of its counterparts in other languages (e.g. the English I think). Differently from previous studies, this study showed that the marker can be used for sharing repsonsibility for the outcome of fulfilling a directive. Also, this study scrutinized the relationship between the discourse marker and speakers' deontic and epistemic rights showing that in directives (ma) arvan (et) can be used to emphasize the deontic and epistemic authority of the speaker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Historica Tallinnensia is the property of Teaduste Akadeemia Kirjastus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the concept of urbanity in a specific context, namely Helsinki, Finland. In a European context, Finland urbanized late. This lies at the heart of the common interpretation that Finland lacks an urban culture and urban lifestyles. Today, however, with the new comprehensive Urban Plan, city planners in Helsinki emphasize a paradigm shift towards urbanity. This paper seeks to understand this changing emphasis in planning by exploring how planners frame and understand urbanity. The paper concludes that within the Nordic welfare context more emphasis is needed to rethink whom urbanity serves and how it resonates with the prevention of segregation that the city also aims at. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Language & Literature / Keel ja Kirjandus is the property of SA Kultuurileht and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the mutual relationship of truth and identity in the context of the crumbling hegemony of truth, and its ramifications for the humanities. The author highlights the difference between the physical and humanitarian scientific truths, which during the past hundred years or more has led to serious scepticism about truth. Regarding truth as a social construct one has to admit that any truth is bound to identity: Truth is ethnocentric as it is based on the consensus of a community or a cultural group. Yet, although the hegemony of truth is important for the sustainability of collective identity, there also appears to be an assumption of its relativity, as far as different identities rest on different core values. If we accept that truth is identity-based, we also have to accept the use of "alternative facts" and the decay of truth hegemony. The hegemony of truth is based on the assumption that there is a single absolute (divine) truth about the essence of the world as well as humanness, even though that truth has never been fully apprehended. Even a true belief in the existence of such an absolute leaves open the question of its apprehension. Both Confucius and Kant refer to intuition, yet the question remains how to compare and evaluate the fruits of different intuitions. The results of humanities research have a direct impact on core values, which can (and often has) led to changes in moral systems. The final part of the article seeks an answer to the question whether it is possible to conceive a method to evaluate the truthfulness of the truths defined by humanities, first and foremost of arguments concerning values and moral norms, that is to check the conformity of those arguments to a moral absolute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I read a selection of 21st century Estonian plays through the lenses of posthumanism. I examine the matters of subjectivity, corporeality, consciousness and relation to technology of the characters based on Katherine N. Hayles' pioneering How We Became Posthuman (1999) and Rosi Braidotti's The Posthuman (2013); some relevant ideas of transhumanism exceeding the biological limits of the human organism (Nick Bostrom) are also considered. The first selected play is uus elysium. une luup (new elysium. dream loupe, 2001) by Andreas W and Jaak Tomberg. The play is a textual experiment of the technological theatre, the action takes place in virtual reality. go neo und romantix (2013) by Kadri Noormets is postdramatic and highly poetical. Otsuse anatoomia (Anatomy of Decision/Otsus, 2015) is a scenario of interactive theatre in Cabaret Rhizome, consisting of 64 possible plot developments. The audience are invited to influence the events in a family called Otsus ('Decision'). Siret Campbell's drama Beatrice (2017) is a science fiction romance depicting an attempt of prolonging the human life after the death of the physical body. This analysis is supported with two examples, Girl in the Machine (2017) by Scottish author Stef Smith, and The End (2010), a group work of Von Krahl Theatre performers. Although the form of drama appears to be productive representing the ethical conflicts of a possible transhumanist future, the posthuman ideas appear in a more intriguing way in experimental texts. The ideas of posthuman subjectivity appear in the ways the concepts of body and consciousness are entangled in each text. Posthuman subjects can be amalgams (Hayles), socially and digitally programmed (Edward Scheer), but they are always dynamic and exist in an in-between zone of different concepts of the human and poetics of dramaturgy. The relation to technology is dominantly conflicted or dystopic, but might also form a challenging continuum of the human, technology and nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Theological Journal / Usuteaduslik Ajakiri is the property of Akadeemiline Teoloogia Selts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the expression of clausal negation and its variation in the 17th- and 18th-century North Estonian ecclesiastical and didactical texts. The aim of this study is to find out which forms convey clausal negation, how their usage changes during the two centuries, and how large the extent of variation is in the scope of particle-like negation forms. The broader goal is to observe how the literary standard develops during that time. This study is usage-based and explores 600 different negation clauses (300 tagged examples from either century). The negation forms were chosen randomly from the Corpus of Old Written Estonian. It was found that during the 200 years the expression of negation changed more towards the vernacular language and the effect of German diminished. Symmetric negative constructions were replaced with asymmetric ones and the extent of variation decreased from nine different particle-like negation forms to six different forms. Some negation forms disappeared by the beginning of the 18th century (e.g. mitte) and others appeared (e.g. eks). The usage of the native negation form ei increased considerably. The change towards vernacular use was apparent in lexical verb forms as well. During the 17th and 18th centuries the authors started to use more connegative verb forms instead of the inflected ones. The tendency towards more native usage of negation and the diminishing of variation were caused by the literary language reform, which started at the end of the 17th century and ended in 1739, when the first North Estonian full Bible was published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the representation of semantic vagueness in discourse as well as the connection between deontic modal meaning and third person reference through the semantics and uses of the Finnish jussive mood. The data used in the analysis come from a collection of newspaper texts and a corpus of dialectal speech. Analyzing jussive forms that give rise to various modal readings, I argue that the two poles of the deontic axis, permission and obligation, are simultaneously present, albeit highlighted to different extents, in the interpretation of a jussive clause. This binary nature of the jussive semantics reveals itself to be a discursive resource: it allows the position of the speaker and other intentional agents to be taken into account in regard to the event that is potentially taking place, thus presenting more than one point of view in the situation. The jussive mood can therefore be regarded as contributing to the dialogical dimension of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estonian Journal of Education / Eesti Haridusteaduste Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methis is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Estonian & Finno-Ugric Linguistics / Eesti ja Soome-ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri is the property of University of Tartu Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We live, according to some, in the century of biology where we now understand ourselves in radically new ways, as the insights of genomics and neuroscience have opened up the workings of our bodies and our minds to new kinds of knowledge and intervention. Is a new figure of the human, and of the social, taking shape in the twenty first century? With what consequences for the politics of life today? And with what implications, if any, for the social, cultural and human sciences? These are the issues that are discussed in this paper, which argues that a new relation is required with the life sciences, beyond commentary and critique, if the social and human sciences are to revitalize themselves for the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Proceedings of the Institute of Estonian Language & Culture / Tallinna Ülikooli Eesti Keele ja Kultuuri Instituudi Toimetised is the property of Tallinn University, Institute of Estonian Language & Culture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)