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The success of the empowerment program in the School for Smallholder Livestock Farming Community (SPR) cannot be separated from the contribution of local actors who have a dominant role in the community. This study aims to identify the local actors who dominate the empowerment of smallholder livestock farming community programs, measures the influence index and capital ownership as well as the social actions of these actors in carrying out their roles located. This research took place in two areas, namely Cinta Damai Village, Sungai Lilin District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province and Soko Village, Temayang District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java Province. This reasearch was carried out using a mixed-method, quantitative and qualitative approach. The results showed that there were six dominant local actors in SPR empowerment. Four of them are activists who play an active role in the SPR community, and the other two actors are village government officials. The educational background and experience of actors in different villages influence the actions and strategies in the arena of SPR empowerment. Institutional and moral capital is the highest capital used by actors in Cinta Damai Village. In contrast, moral capital and economic capital are the highest capital used by actors in Soko Village. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk (1) untuk menjelaskan bagaimana tingkat partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam Pemilihan Kepala Daerah tahun 2018 di Kota BauBau (2) untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat Kota BauBau (3) untuk mengidentifikasi upaya-upaya apa saja yang dilakukan pihak KPUD Kota BauBau dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan dengan analisis dokumen, pengamatan, wawancara, dan dianalisis dengan tehnik deskriptif kualitatif dan Kuantitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Tingkat partispasi masyarakat di Kota BauBau tergolong tinggi dikarenakan jika diakumulasikan sebesar 69,87% %. (2) Faktor – faktor yang mempengaruhi partisipasi politik masyarakat adalah (a) perangsang politik (b) Faktor karakteristik pribadi (c) faktor karakteristik sosial (d) keadaan politik. (3) Upaya yang dilakukan KPUD untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat adalah (a) sosialisasi pemilihan kepala daerah (b) membentuk Relawan Demokrasi (c) melaksanakan pendidikan pemilih (d) peran media massa.

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The capacity to determine in advance the behaviour of stakeholders in charge of implementing public policies and to foresee the reactions of the public and consumers impacted by those policies would be a decisive advantage for decision-makers. That was the goal of an experiment to simulate and model the reactions of stakeholders. The initial results are presented here.

The capacity to determine in advance the behaviour of stakeholders in charge of implementing public policies and to foresee the reactions of the public and consumers impacted by those policies would be a decisive advantage for decision-makers. That was the goal of an experiment to simulate and model the reactions of stakeholders. The initial results are presented here.This paper presents a study carried out in the area covered by the Thiers-mountain development plan (Puy-de-Dôme department, Massif Central, France) in 2007 and 2008. The goal was to perform a prior assessment of a fictive policy for the protection of ordinary biodiversity in forests. The assessment was the means to anticipate the possible reactions of the local stakeholders who would be confronted with the new public policy in the context of the development plan.

The article starts with the theoretical definitions of various concepts (rural space, endogenous approach to the rural development, the actor operating in the particular locality for its development). Concerning the know-how of the rural/local actor, the information acquired also through extension service takes important position there. The methodological approach explains the use of sociological methods and techniques employed in research in two localities. This is continued by the analysis of the data gathered. The conclusions of the paper evaluate the knowledge from the group interviews and discuss the necessity of establishing an "institute" the task of which would be to provide and roof the extension service and the sufficient information level for the local, often rural actors. These actors then would use such information/extension service not only for a more efficient development of their localities, but also for a higher valorisation of their efforts in the "animation" of the rural localities.

Since the mid-19th century, engineers in colonial South Asia experimented with concrete in building and infrastructural projects as the production of new infrastructures was leading to the genesis of the modern construction industry. In this paper, we analyse the use of concrete in water infrastructures amidst challenges posed by introducing any structure in and under water. For example, piers on the beds of fast flowing rivers altered the behaviour of both the water flow and water beds, which in turn affected the structure itself. In dealing with these uncertainties, the use of concrete vastly varied, unlike the relatively standardized practice today. Through a granular analysis of the construction of infrastructural projects like breakwaters and bridge foundations, from the late 19th to the turn of the 20th century, we analyse how concrete was locally improvized within the constraints of unfamiliar material, hydrological, topographical, and labour contexts in each site. We argue that the basic attributes of concrete technology, from chemical processes to construction processes and structural behaviour, themselves emerged as constraints and the builders resorted to alternative strategies and courses of action in each circumstance. The constant improvisations complicate the narrative of colonial technological circulation between the colonies and the West. We conclude that the material particularities of concrete made its translation across South Asian building projects improvisational, diverse, and localized.

This paper concerns the planning, design, and construction history of a postwar multifamily housing block in Ankara, Turkey, viewed from the perspective of the transnational and local networks behind its realization. Built by the Mintrak Building Cooperative (1957-1962) founded by executive engineers and managers of TürkTraktör, Turkey’s first tractor manufacturing company established as part of the Marshall Plan (1948-1952), the block is one of the local examples of the International Style built throughout the country. It was the tallest housing block in the Esat neighborhood, with a reinforced concrete structural framework, pilotis, and a terraced roof with communal spaces. Besides adopting the formal characteristics and common construction materials of its time, as this paper suggests, the building is emblematic of the postwar housing production from policy and development to design, construction, and domestic culture. Built as part of a workers’ housing cooperative advocated by postwar housing policy yet founded by the executives and US-educated employees of a transnational company, the block exemplifies postwar Americanization in Turkey in terms of transnational and local exchanges and their urban, architectural, and social imprints. Through content analysis based on archival sources, official reports and architectural drawings as well as oral testimonies collected from cooperative members and residents of the building, this paper questions the transnational extent of the Marshall Plan, to which a local housing cooperative could represent. It provides an in-depth analysis of the technocratic making of the housing block, through all different stages of its development, from founding “the cooperative in the wild” to building “Esat’s Hilton,” as its initiators and residents called it. In this respect, the paper argues that the block is a transnational prototype of US-guided local modernization, based on the US-promoted self-help model that introduced an autonomous organization to housing production in Turkey.