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The paper discusses the appropriateness of using the word Indian in the Czech language and gives reasons why it is correct to spell it using a capital letter. The second part of the paper deals with the naming of the various Native American ethnic groups in Czech.

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The paper discusses the appropriateness of using the word Indian in the Czech language and gives reasons why it is correct to spell it using a capital letter. The second part of the paper deals with the naming of the various Native American ethnic groups in Czech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers of Hungarian Studies / Hungarologiai Kozlemenyek is the property of Faculty of Philosophy, University of Novi Sad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the names of current Czech railway stations and stops. From the List of Stations and Stops, which is part of the currently valid Czech Timetable 2024, all stations and stops located on the territory of the Czech Republic were excerpted. In these names, six parts were identified: the base of the municipality name (Veselí), specifying prepositional phrase (nad Moravou 'upon the (river) Morava'), a hyphen or a space, separating the base and the prepositional phrase from the so-called distinctive part (-Milokošť), which consists of a primary distinction that can be complemented by the specifying prepositional phrase (Pardubice-Rosice nad Labem) and possibly also by a secondary distinction (Praha-Holešovice zastávka). Not all names necessarily consist of all parts; a name can consist just of the base or of the base and a specifying prepositional phrase. The paper deals with the length of these names measured by the number of characters (including spaces) in all these parts, in base + specifying prepositional phrase, distinctive part and in the complete names. Individual sections on the whole names and on each of their parts consequently present the average number of characters and the lowest and highest number of characters. Besides purely descriptive purposes, the data also have a practical, applied purpose. They can serve as a basis for typographical standardization of the currently inconsistent presentation of names on signs and in information systems at stations and stops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study summarizes mistakes or inaccuracies in the dating of some legal regulations regarding surnames in the territory of today’s Czech Republic. These are the regulations on the immutability of surnames (1770), on the inheritance of surnames (1786) and on the binding form of surnames (1886). In the specialist onomastic literature, we can come across other dates which are, however, incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study introduces OnomOs, a new corpus of Czech texts with annotation of proper names. The corpus was compiled by onomasticians from the Department of Czech Language, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava, and made available by the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. The paper briefly discusses the content and structure of the cor- pus, the selection of texts for inclusion, and the onomastic-geographical classification of the iden- tified names. The text consists chiefly of three preparatory analyses, which focus on the most fre- quent surnames, collocations found in Western and Eastern countries in the pre-1989 period, and the declension patterns of three types of onyms. In the summary, further possibilities of onomastic corpus research are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Onomastica is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with nomenclatural names of minerals based on proper names of the persons associated with the Czech environment, and provides their etymologies. The names form part of the official mineralogical nomenclature and have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification of the International Mineralogical Association, i.e. the authority recognizing the existence of new minerals. In the nomenclature consisting of 5,975 items (as of October 2023), 88 names based on anthroponyms have been identified, formed usually from last names, first names or their combination. These words are neologisms known to a limited number of experts, but they nevertheless rank among full-fledged words of the Czech vocabulary that is closely connected to the history of Czech science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to present the potential of quantitative methods for the research of proper names (mostly personal and place names) as units operating in Czech texts. Three case studies treat particular research topics on the background of the development of Czech onomastics in the 20th century and in the first decades of the 21st century. They are aimed at 1) quantification of relational (semantic) patterns; 2) collocation analysis; 3) morphological categories of proper names. The text also provides an overview of previous attempts to apply quantitative and corpus approaches to proper name research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kronika is the property of Kronika, Casopis za Slovensko Krajevno Zgodovino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyses the influence of Vladimír Šmilauer on the character of the Journal of Modern Philology (Časopis pro moderní filologii, ČMF). Šmilauer was associated with the Journal for Modern Philology as an author and an editor for Slavic studies (1939-1951). The article describes the main linguistic/philological topics contributed to the magazine by Šmilauer (Slovak studies and the history of the Slovak language, new Czech, e.g. orthography, reports on foreign literature, etc.). The period of Šmilauer's work at the ČMF falls into a time of socially problematical political systems: the Nazi protectorate after 1939 and the communist terror after 1948. On the example of the case of Šmilauer, we will show how and when political systems were directly reflected in the philological content of the Journal for Modern Philology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Onomastica is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Language Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study is focused on changes in linguistic landscape (especially in urbanonyms) due to the Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022. It follows official and unofficial renaming of streets around the world in effort to show solidarity with Ukraine and its people. Official commemorative names have often the meaning ‘Free Ukraine’ (e.g. in Riga and Tirana), ‘Ukrainian Heroes’ (e.g. in Prague and Vilnius) etc. and are mostly located close to Russian embassies. Unofficial names given to streets by activists as a protest against the war are usually motivated by the name of the Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Street names derived from the adjective Russian, or from Russian toponyms are changed as well, however only unofficially (e.g. the sign with the name of Ruská ‘Russian Street’ in Prague was replaced with the sign containing the famous answer of the Ukrainian soldiers from Snake Island to the Russian warship). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Vrelo koje analiziraju autori jedan je od najstarijih u cijelosti sačuvanih registara crkvene desetine s područja Zagrebačke biskupije. Taj dosad neobjavljeni dokument sadrži nekoliko tisuća osobnoimenskih potvrda koje su detaljno analizirane u skladu s precizno oblikovanom metodologijom istraživanja. Uz analizu osobnih imena po podrijetlu i tvorbi, autori donose i potvrde neuobičajenih te rijetkih osobnih imena.

V letech 1963‒1980 proběhl soupis pomístních jmen (anoikonym, mikrotoponym) na území Čech. Mezi doklady je i 341 anoikonym s výrazem Cikán/cikán a jeho odvozeninami (výraz Cikán/cikán užíváme v historickém kontextu jako etnonymum nebo jako apelativum ve významu „kočovník“). Tato pomístní jména jsou různého stáří a nacházíme je na celém území Čech. Nejčastěji se jednalo o označení míst určených k táboření Cikánů/cikánů či připomínající nějakou událost spojenou s Cikány/cikány. Pomístní jména vztahující se k osobnímu jménu Cikán pak bývala většinou motivována majetkovým vztahem.

Between 2006 and 2021, 231 babies were anonymously abandoned by their parents in the so-called baby hatches or baby boxes placed around the Czech Republic. First names and surnames are given to these children by nurses in hospitals or mostly by Ludvík Hess, the founder and organizer of the project of baby boxes in the Czech Republic. First names are chosen after nurses or doctors in hospitals, sponsors of the project, and Hess's friends. Sometimes the waifs are given the name corresponding to the respective name-day in the Czech calendar. Assigned surnames are motivated by the time (day, holiday, season) when, or the place (toponym) where, the child was found. However, these names are informal and temporary. The official first name and surname of the child must be decided by a court. Names can then be changed again after adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The term folk etymology is traditionally used to denote an erroneous, usually arbitrary connection of an etymologically opaque word to a word which is similar in the form or meaning but it is of different origin. Our approach is wider, we consider folk etymology as a part of folk linguistics. Folk (or also learned) etymology is one of the oldest methods of interpreting proper names and we can meet this phenomenon as early as in medieval chronicles. Folk interpretations often grow into size of etymological tales. They represent the period of the so-called pre-scientific etymology. However, folk etymology has not been replaced by scientific etymology, it is still alive and part of language users’ awareness. The term “folk etymology” was introduced by E. Förstemann in his paper Über deutsche Volksetymologie / About German Folk Etymology (1852) where he mentioned a whole range of examples for proper names. The term folk etymology coined by Förstemann was, despite some criticism, adopted into other languages including Czech. Three years later and independently of Förstemann, H. Wedgwood published a paper on what he called “false etymologies”. Similar terms actually appear in other lan)guages as well but they are considered problematic as they imply something improper. Folk etymology is sometimes treated as a non-scientific deformation of a language reality, as a misleading, deceptive preconception, which the educated scientists shall make sure to remove. F. de Saussure even supported the idea of folk etymology being something “pathological”. However, this opinion of his was frequently criticised. Nowadays, we do not perceive folk etymology as something wrong which is to be corrected. In our conception, the folk etymology is understood as a natural tendency of language users to explain foreign and opaque words as well as proper names, and to interpret, search and clarify the meaning connections even if these are not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folk etymology is usually characterized as an erroneous etymological-semantic inter)pretation of a word. So far, the research of this phenomenon in the Czech context has focused almost exclusively on appellatives and oikonyms (names of settlements); folk etymology in anoikonyms (names of non-settlement objects) has been the subject of research very rarely. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill this gap by presenting a case study based on an analyse of folk etymologies in anoikonyms in the Sedlčany region in the Central Bohemia. It analyses and compares the scholarly and folk etymologies in ten chosen anoikonyms. The main goal of the research is to identify both linguistic and non-lin)guistic factors leading to the development of folk etymology and affecting its form and result. The linguistic factors can be identified on lexical-semantic, word-formative and phonetic levels. The affected names usually contain low frequency appellatives (e. g. dia)lect, archaic words), and their form can be also affected by various sound changes. The language users create a new interpretation of an etymologically non-transparent name by association with an acoustically similar word, often using not only their fantasy, but in some cases also a very good knowledge of the named object and its surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the non-scholarly (folk) etymology and its role in the interpretation of some Slovak oikonyms. In Slovakia, the topic of non-scholarly etymology has been studied primarily by V. Uhlár who also used the term “farmer etymology” which linked a village name with a surname of a yeoman family. The study contains analyzed examples of some non-scholarly etymologies that have originated as a result of a reinterpretation of the original meaning of an oikonym but possibly also due to the incorrect decomposition of a name. The focus is also on the formation of etymological legends that are part of folk literature and as such, they represent an inherent aspect of non-scholarly etymology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses 379 folk etymological interpretations and other 141 assumptions about the foreign origin of surnames, all received either by the radio programme On the Origin of Surnames, the Language Counselling Centre of the Czech Language Institute, or the information service Ask the Library. These inquiries were sent by the public along with requests for a confirmation of the suggested etymological interpre)tations of the surnames in question, or for an official (correct / scientific) explanation. The analysis shows that most often the folk etymology consists in erroneous decomposition of the name or in connecting the name with an incorrect original form, i.e. usually a familiar noun recognized in the name. The folk etymologies do not respect the word-forming structure of names. They also ignore the age and origin of the surname which they like to look for in foreign languages (especially in French, Polish, Hungarian), regardless of the origin of the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Vilnius University Open Series is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cieľom predloženého textu bolo na základe metódy modelovania predstaviť synchrónne modely ideoným. Výtvarný, literárny a hudobný umelec vyjadruje základnú informáciu prijímateľovi v pinakonyme, literáronyme alebo muzikonyme formou metonymického vyjadrenia typu chrématonymického vzťahu niektorým z výtvarných, literárnych alebo hudobných žánrov v modeloch A1 = Pi, A1 = L a A1 = M. Výtvarný, literárny a hudobný umelec vyjadruje tiež komplexnú informáciu v pinakonyme, literáronyme a muzikonyme formou príbehu v zmysle predstavenia činiteľa deja a zásahu deja v modeloch A1 = (Pi) + ČD + ZD, A1 = (L) + ČD + ZD a A1 = (M) + ČD + ZD. Niektoré modely obsahujú len činiteľa deja, napr. A1 = (Pi) + ČD, A1 = (L) + ČD a A1 = (M) + ČD. Niektoré modely obsahujú len zásah deja, napr. A1 = (Pi) + ZD, A1 = (L) + ZD a A1 = (M) + ZD. Zásah deja býva zastúpený špecifikujúcimi onymickými členmi príslušnosťou k územiu a príslušnosťou k času, napr. v modeloch A1 = (Pi) + PÚ, A1 = (L) + PÚ a A1 = (M) + PÚ; A1 = (Pi) + PČ, A1 = (L) + PČ a A1 = (M) + PČ, príp. vlastnosťou, numerickou charakteristikou a príslušnosťou k etniku, napr. A1 = (Pi) + VL, A1 = (L) + VL, A1 = (M) + VL; A1 = (Pi) + NCH, A1 = (M) + NCH; A1 = (Pi) + PN a pod. Príbeh a spôsoby jeho vyjadrenia preto spájajú modely a pinakonymá, literáronymá a muzikonymá navzájom a tiež s ostatnými druhmi umenia.

The paper deals with minor place names in Bohemia which include the common noun necky (a Czech word of Slavic origin meaning “a wooden washtub, used for hand washing clothes”) or its diminutive form necičky. The focus is on etymological and motivational analysis of the names as well as their geographical occurrence. The geographical term of a metaphorical origin necky meaning “valley/basin resembling a washtub” occurs in nearly 150 minor place names, found mainly in hilly and plain regions of the Central, Eastern and northeastern Bohemia. The names denote fields, meadows, pastures etc. found in a terrain resembling a washtub, i. e. with sides higher than the bottom, most of them being of a very old origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with issues of phytonyms, i.e. with proper names of plants, especially with dendronyms – names of trees – as one of subsidiary groups of names. In Czech onomastics, close attention has not been paid to phytonyms so far. The first part of the article focuses on defining the group of phytonyms and especially on dubious aspects of this issue – in linguistic, non-onomastic works, phytonyms often include appellative names of plants (jahoda – strawberry), dendronyms often include appellative names of trees (buk – beech), similar approach can be found in other Slavonic languages as well as in onomastic works written in German. Attention is also paid to discussions on names of plant varieties, on the borderline of chrematonyms and phytonyms. The second part of the article is focused on several extensive online databases of Czech dendronyms and indicates possibilities of further research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alkitab memuat ribuan nama diri di dalamnya. Setiap nama yang dipresentasikan di dalam Alkitab hampir selalu melekat dengan pesan dan makna yang ada di baliknya. Kajian onomastika biblikal adalah penelitian linguistik dengan obyek nama-nama di dalam Alkitab. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan linguistik historis komparatif terhadap nama-nama di dalam teks Perjanjian Baru. Kajian di dalam artikel ini menemukan berbagai pendekatan yang dilakukan penulis asli Perjanjian Baru dalam meredaksi nama-nama pribadi yang di dalamnya, yaitu : transliterasi, translasi, absorpsi – helenisasi, pemberian julukan atau kognomen, ekuivalensi dan penggunaan nama panggilan atau hipokoristik. Temuan di dalam artikel ini berguna sebagai referensi di dalam berbagai diskursus yang berkaitan dengan nama diri di dalam Alkitab khususnya bagi kelompok Sacred Name Movement dan berbagai variannya.

U radu se preispituje opravdanost tumačenja prema kojemu je čiovski toponim Okruk nastao od riječi (o)krug i, vezano uz to, opravdanost službenoga imena Okrug za dva sela (Okrug Gornji i Okrug Donji) na istoimenome rtu. Donosi se uvid u opću i jezičnu povijest Čiova i Okruka te se prati spomen imena Okruk od nastanka sela do danas. Analizira se povijesni, fonološki i leksičko-semantički kontekst imena te se na temelju toga predlaže nova etimologija koja uzima u obzir i jadranske paralele.

Slovani na Kreti v luči jezikovnih dejstev Pandelis Haralambakis v nedavno izdani monografiji (2016) analizira zgodovinska poročila in dokumente o Slovanih na Kreti ter posreduje leksikalne in onomastične podatke, ki dokumentirajo sledove davnih slovanskih naselbin na otoku. Avtorja preverjata nekatere raziskovalne hipoteze in podajata sedanje stanje vprašanja prisotnosti Slovanov na Kreti.

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The paper deals with the names of congregations (churches) of the Czechoslovak Hussite Church (CHC). This topic has not yet been covered onomastically, so this article is the first contribution to the description of the onymy of the CHC congregations. In classification according to the motivation of naming, it is possible to distinguish objects named after Jan Hus and according to other personalities. Names taken from other churches are marginal and so are names based on the general Christian tradition. Church service objects in the appellative component of the denomination typically have the word sbor (congregation). Other words in the appellative component are modlitebna (prayer room), kaple (chapel), or kostel (church). We can divide the basic types of name structures: the most common is Someone’s Something (for example, Husův sbor /Hus’s Congregation/) and Something Someone’s (e.g., sbor Tůmy Přeloučského /the congregation of Tůma Přeloučský/), other types are marginal. The most common name is Husův sbor (the Hus’s Congregation); this designation is appellativized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with representative aspects of Moravian and Silesian minor place names containing the personal name Jan (English John). In the first part, formal features of the respective anoikonyms are described, i. e. dialectal phonology and morphology. Then the author focuses on historical and local variation (including communication variants), motivation and structure of representative names. Qualitative data analysis showed the most popular motivation was a relation to local persons named Jan associated with the place ‒ property of the named object or a location near this property. Objects have rarely been named by local persons associated with the place, e. g. a forest named by his founder. Sometimes the reason for naming is not known, because there is not a record of the namegiver’s motivation. In terms of structural analysis, two-word (or multiple-word) names predominate, especially the combination of possessive adjectives derivated from the personal name Jan and originally the common name of the object (e. g. vrch ‚hill‘, důl ‚mine‘). Other structural types are less common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our onomastic journal is the only Czech peer-reviewed scientific periodical dealing with the field of proper names. It was founded in 1960 by Vladimír Šmilauer and Jan Svoboda as the second onomastic journal in Slavic world (after the Polish Onomastica). It has changed its name several times: Zpravodaj Místopisné komise ČSAV (Bulletin of the Topographic Board of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences) > 1983 Onomastický zpravodaj ČSAV > 1993 Onomastický zpravodaj > 1995 Acta onomastica. It has an extensive network of Czech as well as foreign contributors; contributions are published especially in Czech, Slovak, Polish, Russian, German, and English. Original articles, reviews and reports deal with any aspects of the research of proper names, their linguistic as well as extralinguistic aspects. Due to its interdisciplinary orientation, the journal publishes contributions written not only by linguists, but also researchers from other fields. The journal Acta onomastica is indexed in Scopus, Central and Eastern European Academic Source (Ebsco), The Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (Cejsh) and ERIH PLUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Folia Onomastica Croatica is the property of Croatian Academy of Sciences & Arts (HAZU) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soome ja Eesti eesnimekasutuses on olulisi sarnasusi. Nagu mujalgi Euroopas kaasnes 19. sajandil mõlemal maal rahvusliku eneseteadvuse kasvuga soov luua omakeelne eesnimevara. Soomet võib pidada Eesti otseseks eeskujuks, kuivõrd sealt on laenatud ka rida nimesid. Paralleelsusi on näha omakeelsete nimede kasutusele tulekus: uute nimede moodustamises, levitusviisides ja omaksvõtus. Ka ajaliselt kujunes Soome eelkäijaks ning Eestis toimusid samalaadsed uuendused paarkümmend aastat hiljem. Artiklis vaadeldakse omakeelseid nimesid kitsamas tähenduses, st oma keelele toetuvate nimedena esitletud nimesid. Abstract. Minna Saarelma-Paukkala and Annika Hussar: Names of native origin in Estonia and Finland from the 19th century to today. A significant change occurred in Finland and Estonia in the second half of the 19th century: given names of native origin were taken into use in addition to international names. Similar changes occurred in many other European countries in connection with the rise in national consciousness. Similar techniques were used in the creation of new names: heathen names in old documents; names from the folklore and mythology; artificially created names; names were translated. There are names which can be interpreted as versions of international names as well as names of native origin. In Estonia, it was recommended to borrow names from closely related languages and Finnish names were primarily borrowed. The Finns have borrowed some Estonian names. The spread of new names was facilitated by their introduction in calendars, their occurrence in the epos and fiction. As of the end of the 19th century, Finland has been ahead of Estonia in terms of time. Already in the last decades of the 19th century, approximately one tenth of children were given names of native origin in Finland. The peak years arrived in the 1930s–1940s when about one third of children were given characteristically Finnish names, girls more often than boys. In Estonia, the peak of female names of native origin occurred at the same time, approximately half of the girls were given names of native origin. Today, naming has become more and more individual, and names of native origin provide plenty of opportunities. In Finland, precisely the names of native origin constitute the source of uniqueness at the moment. In Estonia, the share of persons with unique names has been higher for a longer period of time, but on the account of many versions and spellings. Innovation in names in the 19th–20th centuries has had continuous impact on the use of names by Estonians and Finns. Both languages are full of examples of how certain agreeable structures, sound combinations or name elements will be repeated and reiterated in new names of individual creation.

Artefaktinimed on traditsiooniliselt liigitatud kultuurnimede alaliigiks, mis hõlmab inimese loodud rajatiste nimesid. Inimtekkeliste objektide hulk on tänapäeval aga üha suurem ja erinäolisem, eriti linlikus keskkonnas, mistõttu vajab traditsioonilise kohanimede klassifikatsiooni artefaktinimede rühma kirjeldus täpsustamist ja täiendamist. Artikkel vaatleb artefaktinimesid kolmes kasutussfääris: maapiirkonnas, linnapiirkonnas ja slängis. Ruraalsete artefaktinimede puhul on analüüsitud Harjumaa Jüri ja Kose kihelkonna kohanimistuid, urbonüümide alusandmed pärinevad KNABist ning keskenduvad suures osas Tallinna nimedele. Slänginimede puhul on esitatud valdavalt Tallinna ja Tartu näited, mis pärinevad eri aegadel valminud teadustöödest, artiklitest ning internetist. Abstract. Tiina Laansalu, Peeter Päll, and Tõnu Tender: An attempt to describe artefact names. Artefact names have been traditionally classified as a subtype of cultural names designating names of man-made facilities. The number of human-constructed objects is growing rapidly and they are very diverse, especially in the urban environment, therefore the classical description of artefact names needs updating and elaborating. The article looks into artefact names in three domains: the rural environment, the urban environment and slang expressions. Examples of rural artefact names have been taken from the Jüri and Kose parishes in Harjumaa, urban names are based on the data from Tallinn of the Place Names Database (KNAB) of the Institute of the Estonian Language, slang names are taken from various sources covering mainly Tallinn and Tartu.