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This article addresses the profound and multifaceted understanding of interfaces in the modern technological era, focusing on integrating ontological, ethical, and aesthetical approaches in interface research. It considers various aspects of human-machine interaction from philosophical, ethical, and aesthetic viewpoints, revealing the complex connections between technological progress and human experience. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary approaches to interface research, covering its complexity and diversity, as well as identifying current trends and challenges in the field. The findings indicate that successful interface study requires an integrated approach, including the analysis of functional, ethical, aesthetic, and cultural aspects. The article highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary research in developing interfaces that can reflect and develop contemporary cultural and social contexts. The conclusions of this article are relevant to the researchers in the field of interface design, implementators, and a broad audience interested in understanding the interplay between technological innovations and the socio-cultural context.

The philosophical foundations of an organization's digital strategy are a multifaceted phenomenon and process that encompasses the main approaches: axiological, ontological, and hermeneutical. Strategies for the development of an organization's information and innovation activities in the context of digitalization are essentially a socio-economic and technological process that is clarified in the process of social construction, based on people, which determines the values of the organization. The purpose of the study is to conceptualize the philosophical foundations of the organization's digital strategy in the context of axiological, ontological, hermeneutical approaches. Objectives of the study: 1) to analyze the information and innovation activities of the organization in the context of digitalization as a social, cultural, economic phenomenon; 2) to determine the philosophical foundations of the organization's digital strategy; 3) to develop strategies for the development of information and innovation activities of the organization in the context of digitalization The research methodology is: 1) the method of axiological analysis, the purpose of which is to identify the values that underlie the digital strategy; 2) the method of ontological analysis, based on the study of the essence and nature of the digital strategy. 3) hermeneutic method, which aims to interpret and understand the content of the digital strategy; detailed study of texts related to the digital strategy (reports, presentations). The axiological approach focuses on the values that determine the priorities and directions of digital strategy development, including ethical aspects, social responsibility, and sustainability. The ontological approach focuses on the nature and essence of digital technologies, their impact on the structure and functioning of the organization, as well as the transformation of work processes and interactions. The hermeneutic approach explores the interpretation and understanding of digital technologies and their implementation in the organizational context, taking into account cultural and communication aspects. In general, these approaches allow for a deeper understanding and formulation of an effective digital strategy that takes into account not only technical but also social, ethical and cultural dimensions. Philosophical approaches contribute to the development of integrated approaches to digital transformation that can ensure the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of an organization in a rapidly changing technological environment. The practical significance of the study is that strategies for the development of information and innovation activities of an organization in the context of digitalization are a socio-economic and technological process that is clarified in the process of social construction, based on a person who determines the values of the organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goals, objectives, and structure of the ontology of the Common Digital Space of Scientific Knowledge (CDSSK) are considered. The CDSSK is an integrated information structure that combines state scientific information systems presented on the Internet (the Great Russian Encyclopedia, the National Electronic Library, the State Catalog of Geographical Names, etc.) with industry information systems, databases, and electronic libraries (MathNet, Socionet, Scientific Heritage of Russia, etc.). CDSSK can be considered as an information basis for solving artificial intelligence problems. The article presents the unified structure of the CDSSK ontology developed at the Joint Supercomputer Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its modeling on an example of ten subject classes and eight auxiliary classes of objects of the CDSSK universal subspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Данная статья носит обзорно-аналитический характер, в работе конституируется подход к созданию нового типа семантической разметки текстов, уточняются ключевые параметры конечной перспективной разработки, определяющие контуры формулируемой методологии. В статье приводится анализ существующих подходов к построению семантической разметки, применимой для корпусов текстов.Ключевыми параметрами определяются: во-первых, событийность онтологического описания текста; во-вторых, смена фокуса с семантики отдельных высказываний/предложений, как единиц структурообразующих смысловое пространство, к единицам иного порядка – ключевым событиям, их порядку и системе; в-третьих, обратный порядок составления онтологического описания: не от грамматики (синтаксиса) к семантике, а от «выражаемого» к форме выражения.В заключение авторами определяются некоторые потенциальные перспективы создаваемой системы разметки, а также вероятные ограничения и сложности в разработке.

Reason and revelation are a topic that is debated by many parties to determine the position and superiority between reason and revelation. There are differences of opinion among thinkers regarding the position of reason and revelation. This debate has also attracted the attention of many Islamic thinkers, including Islamic philosophers. This paper explores the ontological capture of reason and revelation debate by two of the most prominent Sufi philosophers, Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā. This research employs a literature review as a research methodology, with an emphasis on synthesis and integration. Through this research, it can be concluded that Ibn ‘Arabī’s and Mullā Ṣadrā’s ontological perspectives have deconstructed theological and epistemological disagreements between rationalists who place reason above revelation and their traditionalist opponents. Ibn ‘Arabī’s theory of creative imagination unveils the ontological order of reason and revelation, whereas Mullā Ṣadrā’s theories of tashkīk (gradation of being) and the union of the knower and the known during the production of knowledge (or to be more precise, the union of intellect and intelligible during intellection) consistently place reason and revelation not in opposing sides but rather in a single gradational existence. Both Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā have broken the theological and epistemological vicious cycle by introducing ontological interventions into the debate. Ibn ‘Arabī and Mullā Ṣadrā may or may not have intended to participate in the polemic; as a result, these outcomes were rarely mentioned in the historical context of the ideas.

Introduction. The article determines the relevance of research in the field of creating uniform forms and methods for describing the knowledge, experience, and competencies of employees for their further accounting in corporate knowledge management systems; a comparative analysis of approaches to describing intellectual capital and employee competencies is presented. Approaches and methods. As a methodological basis, the functional subdivision of employee competencies is used according to the sources of its occurrence. The research is conducted based on an ontological approach and Natural Language Processing. The prospects of using the proposed set of methods for describing competencies are demonstrated. The results of the study. The paper shows that the most effective method of describing corporate knowledge, the carriers of which are the company's employees, is an educational-competence approach that divides such knowledge into four components: competencies acquired in the process of education, work experience, co-author activity, as well as Background knowledge. Moreover, the competencies themselves can be uniformly determined using comparative methods of linguistic analysis using frequency analysis of texts of documents related to the employee. Examples of solving specific problems by using Natural Language Processing methods in solving the tasks of assessing the competencies of employees are given. Discussion and conclusions. The work conducted has shown the possibility of creating a unified effective methodology for describing the professional competencies of the company's employees, which is an integral part of the general complex of corporate knowledge. The components of the methodology are already widely used in production practice.

The literature on conflict and cohesion in social relationships in family firms has developed rapidly in recent decades. To take stock and provide directions to move this flourishing research area forward, we conduct a systematic review of the literature. We examine the prevailing conceptualizations of conflict and cohesion in social relationships in family firms, depict their drivers and outcomes, highlight their theoretical and empirical underpinnings, and propose an ontological framework to synthesize this large body of research. Drawing on our review, we identify some important research gaps and suggest fruitful directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserving semantics is particularly complex when the scope of sharing is interdisciplinary, given the inherent idiosyncrasies of different knowledge communities. One potential solution to transcend disciplinary boundaries involves the use of the ontological approach to modulating new knowledge organization systems. Using top-level ontologies or ontological meta-models as umbrella structures for other systems of smaller scope is an example of the application of such an approach in an interdisciplinary context. Although some applications do exist, a generalized adequacy to different epistemic perspectives is, within postmodern culture, regarded with great scepticism. Contrary to this issue of incommensurability, the existence of a common horizon for scientific practice is presented as feasible and not an impediment to the integration of different perspectives. This requires differentiating between statements of what exists (ontology) and test criteria (methodology), and not discarding or confusing the three schemes (perceptual, conceptual and linguistic) involved in the relationship between subjects and their milieu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subject matter: means of information support for the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft. Goal: an outline of the process of developing effective means of information support for negotiations on cooperative production, which will provide financial savings, firstly, by reducing the negotiation time, and secondly, is reducing the likelihood of making irrational decisions that can lead to additional costs during project implementation. Tasks: Increase the efficiency of the negotiation process on the organization of cooperative production by creating a problem-oriented methodological basis, and on this basis - software tools for the development, deployment and operation of the appropriate decision support system. Methods: system analysis and set theory, for the formal presentation of relevant information about the subject area "Negotiations on cooperative aircraft production"; ontological engineering, in particular the IDEF5 standard, as well as elements of expert systems technology, for building an ontological decision support system. Results: an aggregate of methodological tools for the synthesis of ontological decision support systems was developed during negotiations on the organization of cooperative production of aircraft, a scenario example of organizing an ontological dialogue in the environment of an ontological decision support system for defining an aircraft model as an object of cooperative production was given. Conclusions: the need to supplement the mathematical support of traditional negotiation support systems with special methodological means is shown to increase the efficiency of information support for the negotiation process on organizing cooperative production in aircraft construction; it is substantiated that for the program implementation of the system of information support for negotiations on the organization, it is advisable to use the ontological approach; the architecture of the intellectual core of the ontological decision support system for organizing the negotiation process for organizing the cooperative production of aircraft in the form of a hierarchy of frames, with the organization of knowledge-based inference by means of attached procedures is proposed; a scenario example of the formation of a decision on the choice of an aircraft model for the organization of cooperative production in the environment of an ontological decision support system is given.

The purpose of this conceptual research was to explain the capabilities, semantic platform and view point of Schema.org to processing and organization of web content objects (data entities) by analytical approach. To collect data documentary analysis was used. The research community included texts and researches related to the field of “structured data” and “Schema.org”. A total of 43 sources, as well as the official website of the “Schema.org” were selected using a purposive sampling method for analysis. The results of the survey showed that Schema.org is a common vocabulary that is used to describe and markup web content objects and create structured data for better processing and organization. It has a certain structure and semantic platform. Its structure is like an ontology for naming the types and properties of content objects, the relationships between types and properties, and the capabilities of describing these properties and relationships. Its semantic platform is adapted by semantic markups such as microformat, microdata, RDFa 1.1, and JSON-LD. The results of the research showed that there are three major approaches to the processing and organizing of content objects in the Schema.org: the ontological, context-oriented, and nesting approaches. Overall research results showed existence of different approaches to Schema.org represents a comprehensive view of the Web content objects while paying attention to improving interoperability with search engines. Also, the production of structured data with such schemata is an important contribution to the realization of semantic web or web of data

The social state is one of the most important institutions of modern democratic society. The aim of the study is to analyze the problem field of this state on the basis of ontological approach. The unit of analysis is the social problem, which expresses at the essential level the contradiction between the real and the proper, system and life worlds, and at the social level – the contradiction between people as representatives of classes and other groups of society, arising from the lack of resources and in connection with dissatisfaction with the quality of their lives. Therefore, the main purpose of the social state is to solve social problems at the social level and, first of all, to smooth out class contradictions by redistributing resources to the poor, and in the long term-by creating conditions for the free development of all people, regardless of their socio – class origin. Social problems are the subject of complex and interdisciplinary research. In addition, each social science (social theory, sociology, social psychology, etc.) offers its ontological model: for example, the general social or societal (social class and socio-spatial). Philosophy and social theory consider these problems as a particular slice of the general problems of social reality, including in the context of the interaction between the systemic and vital worlds of society. Sociology, on the other hand, concentrates around the problems arising from the class division of modern capitalist society. They are complemented by a socio-spatial model. The article analyzes the system of ontological coordinates, within the framework of which their general social, societal (class and spatial) signs of social problems are determined, and their formal and substantive aspects are revealed.The author gives a description of the functions of the social state, correlating them with the main ways of solving social problems. Depending on the nature of the problems to be solved, it also distinguishes three types of social state: problems-consequences (minimalist state), problems-causes (state with the development of the social protection system) and problems-means (state of personal well-being). Each of them has its own set of strategies for solving social problems. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that Russia, which is experiencing an acute social crisis today, is at the stage of transition from a minimalist to a developing model of a social state, which provides for the practical implementation of constitutional norms and radical social reforms, affecting the foundations of the social order.

The level of development of the state as a whole depends on the professionalism of public servants, because the public servants participate in all processes of making state decisions and their further implementation. Professional staff can ensure successful implementation of all government development programs, because the personnel potential is thus the driving element affecting all the processes taking place in the state apparatus.The purpose of this paper is to identify the weaknesses of the management of the civil service personnel and to determine the methods for assessing competencies and labor functions of civil servants of Armenia. While carrying out the scientific research, the tasks were set to study the best foreign practices in the management of public servants’ competencies, to conduct a survey among public servants to look at the issues from their perspective, and to determine the most popular competencies in the civil service. Within the scope of the research international practice of personnel management in the public service as well as some related legal acts have been studied, and an internal survey has been conducted among the civil servants of the Republic of Armenia (40 people), including the civil servants from the State Social Security Service and the Ministry of Territorial Administration of Kotayk region.The study has revealed, that in Armenia personnel potential management in the public service sector is carried out at a rather low level, which requires fundamental changes. In that respect, timely and efficient staff training has been offered along with the implementation of competency assessment methods to job requirements. Also features of the ontological approach in solving the problems of personnel formation have been presented in the paper.

Effective management decisions in the field of health care and preventive medicine requires a systematic, holistic and scientifically based approach. However, there is a problem of fragmentation and insufficient data.Aim. To develop approaches to modeling population-based preventive measures in Russia, applicable under uncertainty.Material and methods. At the first stage, we selected the central chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) associated with high morbidity and mortality in Russia, for which there are effective preventive measures. At the next stage, based on the literature analysis, we selected risk factors of these NCDs. Further, population-based preventive measures were selected. The following population-based preventive measures were considered: economic measures, taxes, subsidies; information campaigns in the media and public education; changing the environment, infrastructure; labeling, information for the consumer, prohibition, and other legislative measures.Results. An ontological model in the form of a graph was created. Modeling the socio-economic effect of population-based strategies begins with the choice of a preventive measure with a proven effect, which can indirectly, through a decrease in the risk factors’ prevalence, preclude new cases of chronic diseases among the population of Russia and reduce the related costs in the future.Conclusion. Ontological analysis made it possible to identify the functional structure of population-based prevention and its action under uncertainty. The development of ontology provides an additional means of access to the available research data, which is necessary for evidence-based management decision-making.

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Under the constructivist learning paradigm, which emphasises authenticity as a required condition for learning, distance educators have been striving to create authentic learning environments that reflect the real world. However, it is inevitably challenging to make an online learning environment authentic for learners when it is ultimately separated from their real-life contexts. Particularly, in online doctoral education, given the diversity among online learners, even defining "what is real and to whom" is a difficult task. This paper argues that the epistemological approach to authentic learning, based on the constructivist learning paradigm, is not sufficient to make online learning "authentically" meaningful. The paper introduces an alternative, ontological approach stemming from the transformative learning paradigm, and suggests autoethnography as one authentic learning activity that can effectively integrate the epistemological and ontological approaches to authentic learning in online doctoral education. Such a comprehensive conceptualisation of authentic learning, as an integrated process of both knowing and becoming, allows each doctoral student to become a more authentic self across their learning and living environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of software products, software-intensive system-of-systems (SiSoS) is gradually taking shape in many domains, whilst the existing software systems are considered as constituent systems in the SoS. In this research, smart tourism is considered as a SiSoS, which can provide tourists with a better service by gathering abilities of different software systems. However, in system-ofsystems engineering, architecture design always consumes a large chunk of time and human resources, with the main reason being knowledge barriers between various fields, which means that knowledge cannot be easily transferred across domains. Consequently, the architecture design is a work that relies on subject-matter experts' communication. Therefore, architecture design is a vital challenge in the development of smart tourism SoS. This paper represents a knowledge-driven architecture design method, which contains two parts. On one hand, ontology is applied as the knowledge representation method so that the constituents' information can be visualised in graph format; on the other hand, description logic based inference rules are designed to be combined with creativity to reason potential connections between the tourism constituent systems. The former helps stakeholders and domain experts understand knowledge of different domains, and the latter assists in revealing potential relationships that can be built between the independent constituent systems. Both of them aim to support decision making for architecture design of the smart tourism SoS. Therefore, the proposed novel ontological approach provides a more automatic method for architecture design in the software-intensive smart tourism SoS. The approach is applied and evaluated in a prototype of Jiangsu Tourism SoS as an application scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides analysis of the stages of music philosophy formation from the perspective of ontological approach in the context of cultural-historical tradition: from antiquity to the present day. It has been found out that the ancient parallel "music - philosophy" for many centuries preconditioned the discourse in the context of revealing a dialectical contradiction between rational comprehension of music existence and its irrational nature. In this respect, it was discovered that historically ontological interpretation of music took place within the limits of dichotomy: the classical (rational) - non-classical (irrational). It has been proved that there is now a re-actualization of the ontological approach to the interpretation of music, which is due to its special place in the structure of the universe and the understanding of the spiritual horizons of the evolution of mankind in the musical Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the axiomatic-deductive strategy of organizing the content of an academic discipline with the help of ontological approach in the e-learning systems in the field of information technologies. The authors have taken into account that the necessary property of the system of axiomatic statements is their consistency. On the basis of axiomatic-deductive strategy, new approaches to the formation of the discipline content are proposed. It is proved that the system of true statements of an academic discipline is based on its terminology-conceptual apparatus, in particular, axiomatic statements. The developed mathematical structures that describe the axiomatic-deductive substrategy of the organization of the academic discipline general statements and the taxonomically oriented substrategy of the deployment of the academic discipline content are presented in the article. This ensures the transition from the content form of representation of the set of statements of the academic discipline to its presentation by means of artificial languages of mathematical logic. The use of descriptive logic ensures the formalization of the procedure for displaying an axiomatic informal system in an axiomatic formal system. The mathematical structures describe and detail the abstract logical-semantic core of the academic discipline in the form of a group of axiomatic systems. It is noted that the basic core of the content of academic discipline contains its basic concepts and judgments. This ensures a strictly logical transition from abstract general concepts and statements to the concepts and assertions of the lower level of universality and abstraction. It is noted that in order to accommodate the content of an academic discipline is advisable to develop a taxonomically oriented sub-strategy based on the multiple application of operations of general concept division. The mathematical structures allow for analysis of a generalized structure of interactions between the verbal level of the description of the academic discipline subject area, the formal level of description of the subject area and the description of the subject area at the level of computer ontology, which is implemented through the formalization, interpretation, encoding and decoding in the computer-ontology development environment. As an example of the application of the proposed axiomatic-deductive strategy, the elements of the glossary and taxonomies of the concepts of the discipline "Computer Logic", which are embodied in the Protégé environment with the help of OWL ontology description language have been developed.

Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly appropriate for infrastructure projects, and in particular for transport infrastructure. It is a digital solution that integrates the practices of the construction industry in facility management during the whole life cycle. This integration is possible through a single tool, which is the 3D digital model. Nevertheless, BIM standards, such as industry foundation classes, are still in the pipeline for infrastructure management. These standards do not fully meet the requirements of operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure. This paper shows how BIM could be implemented to address issues related to the operation and maintenance phase for transport infrastructure management. For this purpose, a new ontological approach, called Industry Foundation Classes for Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructures (IFCInfra4OM), is detailed. This ontology aims to standardise the use of building information modelling for operation and maintenance in road infrastructures. To highlight the interest of the proposed ontological approach, a building information model of a section on the A7 Agadir–Marrakech Highway in Morocco is produced according to IFCInfra4OM. The methodology is presented. The results obtained, including the IFCInfra4OM data model, are submitted. In the last section, an overview of the IFC extension approach is submitted.

The purpose of this conceptual research was to explain the capabilities, semantic platform and view point of Schema.org to processing and organization of web content objects (data entities) by analytical approach. To collect data documentary analysis was used. The research community included texts and researches related to the field of “structured data” and “Schema.org”. A total of 43 sources, as well as the official website of the “Schema.org” were selected using a purposive sampling method for analysis. The results of the survey showed that Schema.org is a common vocabulary that is used to describe and markup web content objects and create structured data for better processing and organization. It has a certain structure and semantic platform. Its structure is like an ontology for naming the types and properties of content objects, the relationships between types and properties, and the capabilities of describing these properties and relationships. Its semantic platform is adapted by semantic markups such as microformat, microdata, RDFa 1.1, and JSON-LD. The results of the research showed that there are three major approaches to the processing and organizing of content objects in the Schema.org: the ontological, context-oriented, and nesting approaches. Overall research results showed existence of different approaches to Schema. org represents a comprehensive view of the Web content objects while paying attention to improving interoperability with search engines. Also, the production of structured data with such schemata is an important contribution to the realization of semantic web or web of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontological engineering is performed for studies on the environmental impact of energy objects. The work was carried out within the framework of the project supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research “Methods of building an ontological knowledge space for intelligent decision-making support in the energy sector and environment, in terms of the quality of life”. The study proposes developing a set of interconnected ontologies with the view to harmonizing terminology of different subject domains for research and decision support. The basic terminology used to examine the environmental impact of energy objects and to perform appropriate quantitative assessments is considered. Semantic methods are proposed, in particular, an ontological analysis of the subject domain, to systematize environmental assessments and establish relationships between the main indicators describing the impact of energy sector activity on the components of the environment. The ontological approach allows systematizing and visualizing the relationship between the components of the environment, energy objects and their characteristics, and impact factors. Ontological engineering made it possible to build a sequence of research and systematize the methodology used to assess the energy-related environmental impact.

The modernization of the Russian education determines the directives in the education of the younger generation of basic national values in the socio-historical, cultural and family traditions of Russian multinational people. New aims of Russian education also determine the change of the methodological foundations of education, in which priority should be given to ontological methodological approach associated with the change in perception of the essentials of human. The ontological approach considers the human not only as a physical being and conscious, but, above all, spiritual. The article analyzes the possibility of the ontological approach as a core methodology in the system of higher professional teacher's education based on training of teachers in the educational sphere of the Cossack pedagogy. The realization of ideas of Cossack pedagogy in terms of higher professional pedagogical education is considered. The use of such pedagogical approaches, arising from the methodological basis, involves student-centered, anticipating approach, pedagogical support, socio-cultural animation, openness and cooperation, creative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research objective is the creation of intellectual innovative technology and information Smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people. The organization of the available environment for receiving quality education for visually impaired people, their social adaptation in society are important and topical issues of modern education.The proposed Smart-system of distance learning for visually impaired people can significantly improve the efficiency and quality of education of this category of people. The scientific novelty of proposed Smart-system is using intelligent and statistical methods of processing multi-dimensional data, and taking into account psycho-physiological characteristics of perception and awareness learning information by visually impaired people.

Principles of concretization and development of the noosphere paradigm are formulated as applied to problems of modern scientific research. It is shown that it is precisely the transdisciplinary approach to such investigations and also an efficient cooperation of teams of professionals representing different subject areas that provide the possibility of construction of a scientific picture of the world and a global knowledge network that form the basis of noospheregenesis. At the same time, the ontological approach to the representation and integration of scientific knowledge makes it possible to create efficient tools for the construction of systems and a technological base for the systemology of transdisciplinary interaction and ontological engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poetry written in the 80's in Romania, implicitly the women poets of those times were largely influenced by the morphology and stylistics of the confessional text. Therefore, American poets like Sylvia Plath, Adrienne Rich, Anne Sexton became sources of inspiration for Mariana Marin and Marta Petreu's vision on metaphor in their poems, being thus the heralds of a new social, cultural and psychological identity the lyrical ego represents. Postmodern abstraction and metaphor are no longer considered to be, like in the era of modernity, the focal, metaphysical point of a poetry written on a totally different ontological background; or, if the metaphor is still used and appears inside the text, its accent shifts from the linguistic to the ontological approach. Metaphor comes to illustrate a psychological reality intimately linked to the postmodern schizoid conscience, thus showing, somehow paradoxically, its mimetic character. Defined by the duplicitous functioning of its inner mechanism which, as Paul Ricoeur observes, oscillates between the two instances: "to be" and "to be like", the metaphor catches things while they are developing and places itself on the mined ground of postmodern consciousness and protean reflection on the world. The disorder in the plane of metaphor reception will turn into the reflex before the external reality which, in its turn, shows the growing tendency to melt into the osmotic, inner, subjective vision of man on reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to moral foundation of human rights. Main philosophical strategies for reaching this aim are characterized. Author holds that substantive moral arguments for human rights are required and can be found (in this sense theories of discourse are criticized). Author defends an ontological approach on the basis of a broader and realistic concept of human reason that is unimpressed by the argument of a «post-metaphysical era» and the empiricist self-mutilation of moral human reason. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies and defines standards required for successful e-commerce (EC) platforms. It presents an ontology of standards and applications that can be used to evaluate any EC platform. Current platforms are limited in usefulness and development economy by lack of standards. We describe how the development and use of such standards could help improve EC platforms. We examine the current and emerging platforms and technologies in relation to the proposed ontology including electronic data interchange, e-procurement systems, business-to-business hubs, company WeWeb b sites, electronic business eXtensible markup language, Web services, the semantic Web, and universal business language. We conclude that no individual platform or technology provides complete support for every level of the ontology, and we suggest that combinations of features from various platforms and technologies may be of most value. We conclude that research is needed in three areas: the discovery phase of EC, participant incentives for standardization, and methods of combining useful aspects from different standards bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Building information modelling (BIM) is increasingly appropriate for infrastructure projects, and in particular for transport infrastructure. It is a digital solution that integrates the practices of the construction industry in facility management during the whole life cycle. This integration is possible through a single tool, which is the 3D digital model. Nevertheless, BIM standards, such as industry foundation classes, are still in the pipeline for infrastructure management. These standards do not fully meet the requirements of operation and maintenance of transport infrastructure. This paper shows how BIM could be implemented to address issues related to the operation and maintenance phase for transport infrastructure management. For this purpose, a new ontological approach, called Industry Foundation Classes for Operation and Maintenance of Infrastructures (IFCInfra4OM), is detailed. This ontology aims to standardise the use of building information modelling for operation and maintenance in road infrastructures. To highlight the interest of the proposed ontological approach, a building information model of a section on the A7 Agadir–Marrakech Highway in Morocco is produced according to IFCInfra4OM. The methodology is presented. The results obtained, including the IFCInfra4OM data model, are submitted. In the last section, an overview of the IFC extension approach is submitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]