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Penelitian ini sangat penting untuk dilakukan karena kejadian TB paru masih menjadi permasalahan terbesar di kesehatan masyarakat khususnya di Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Sehingga dengan penelitian ini dapat diperoleh faktor tertinggi terjadinya kejadian TB paru terhadap kesehatan lingkungan. Penelitian ini untuk memprediksi model dan mendeteksi faktor tertinggi kejadian TB paru terhadap kesehatan lingkungan seperti kondisi fisik rumah yang terdiri dari ventilasi, tingkat kelembapan udara, pencahayaan, kepadatan hunian, dan saluran pembuangan air limbah, perilaku hidup bersih atau personal higiene serta keadaan gizi personal penderita TB paru di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian case control study. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling yaitu purposive sampling yaitu pasien penderita TB paru pada orang dewasa dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 orang atau 70 BTA (+) dan sebagai kontrol yaitu yang tidak menderita TB paru sebanyak 70 orang atau 70 BTA (-). Instrument yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data yaitu kuesioner dan lembar observasional. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis regresi logistik dengan hasil pemodelan Ln (P / 1-P) = 0.2422 – 19.972 Ventilasi + 21.896 Kelembapan Udara + 37.548 Pencahayaan – 21.312 Ketersediaan SPAL – 0.297 Higiene Perorangan. Dengan OR ventilasi sebesar 3,875, OR pencahayaan sebesar 2,976, OR ketersediaan SPAL sebesar 1,067, OR higiene perorangan sebesar 0,743, OR kelembapan udara sebesar 0,678, dan variabel ventilasi rumah dengan OR sebesar 3,875, sebagai variabel yang memiliki nilai OR tertinggi menjadi factor terbersar dari hasil penelitian ini.

Partiendo del análisis de expedientes judiciales, de actas parlamentarias y de entrevistas semiestructuradas, este artículo de investigación busca contribuir al estudio de la influencia que el contramovimiento católico conservador colombiano ha ejercido sobre la formulación de las normas jurídicas, así como al de las razones que explican su interés por la legislación relativa a la familia. Para ello, en una primera parte, se muestra que, entre 2009 y 2015, la movilización en contra del reconocimiento de la igualdad de las parejas conformadas por personas del mismo sexo fue organizada por católicos integristas que defienden un Estado confesional y por laicos intransigentes que actúan de conformidad con su deber religioso de evangelizar el derecho. En una segunda parte, luego de demostrar que el modelo católico de la familia sobrevivió al proceso formal de laicización del derecho civil, se demuestra cómo algunos activistas se opusieron al matrimonio igualitario para asegurarse de que la legislación civil no se desligara de dicho modelo y, por esta vía, garantizar la dominación y la supervivencia de su estilo de vida.

Since 2005 several organizations of the Colombian LGBT movement have been implementing a constitutional impact litigation strategy in order to obtain legal equality. The objective of this paper is to show how the case law from the Constitutional Court, in response to this activity, has on the one hand invigorated public participation in the debate about homosexual couples’ rights but, on the other hand, produced a democratic deficit. In particular, the paper discusses the strengthening of a religious countermovement willing to use human rights law to defend the status quo. The road to democratization was clouded by intransigent and fundamentalist Catholicism taking over one of the most important authorities of the State, the Office of the Inspector General of Colombia (Procuraduría General de la Nación). This situation has resulted in a powerful public authority committing its resources to the goal of avoiding recognition and protection of homosexual couples rights, despite the fact that its mandate is to defend people's fundamental rights and to punish offenses committed by public officers.

Mixotrophic microorganisms are able to use organic carbon as well as inorganic carbon sources and thus, play an essential role in the biogeochemical carbon cycle. In aquatic ecosystems, the alteration of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation by toxic metals such as cadmium – classified as a priority pollutant – could contribute to the unbalance of the carbon cycle. In consequence, the investigation of cadmium impact on carbon assimilation in mixotrophic microorganisms is of high interest. We exposed the mixotrophic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to cadmium in a growth medium containing both CO2 and labelled 13C‐[1,2] acetate as carbon sources. We showed that the accumulation of cadmium in the pyrenoid, where it was predominantly bound to sulphur ligands, impaired CO2 fixation to the benefit of acetate assimilation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/X‐ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (X‐EDS) and micro X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF)/micro X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (μXANES) at Cd LIII‐edge indicated the localization and the speciation of cadmium in the cellular structure. In addition, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis of the 13C/12C ratio in pyrenoid and starch granules revealed the origin of carbon sources. The fraction of carbon in starch originating from CO2 decreased from 73 to 39% during cadmium stress. For the first time, the complementary use of high‐resolution elemental and isotopic imaging techniques allowed relating the impact of cadmium at the subcellular level with carbon assimilation in a mixotrophic microalga. Cadmium clearly impairs carbon assimilation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown in mixotrophic conditions. Due to the pyrenoidal sequestration of cadmium, carbon dioxide fixation is limited during cadmium exposure, whereas acetate assimilation is favoured; thus, the alteration of carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation in microalgae by toxic metals could contribute to the unbalance of the biogeochemical carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To perform the cross‐cultural validation process of the Dutch Norman Questionnaire (NQ), a questionnaire for the detection and characterisation of breast‐cancer related lymphoedema (BCRL) using self‐reported signs and symptoms. Methods: Test‐retest reliability and construct (including convergent, divergent and known‐groups validity), face and content validity were examined in breast cancer patients with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) lymphoedema. For concurrent validity, first, agreement between the diagnostic item of the NQ and a clinical diagnosis were analysed. Second, correlations between NQ scores and clinical arm volume assessment were tested. Results: Test‐retest reliability was found to be strong to very strong (ICC 0.79–0.96) in the lymphoedema group and moderate to very strong (ICC 0.64–0.99) in the non‐lymphoedema group. Seventeen out of 20 hypotheses on convergent and divergent validity were accepted. There was good face, content and known‐groups validity as well. For concurrent validity, agreement between evaluation methods was only 0.462. Moderate correlations were found between 6 out of 9 symptom scores (r = 0.422–0.630) of the NQ and clinical assessment. Conclusion: The Dutch NQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire for the characterisation of BCRL using self‐reported signs and symptoms. Only moderate agreement for the detection of BCRL was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-organic disorders are frequently encountered in clinical medicine, but the number of reports on non-organic language disorders is limited. There is a lack of diagnostic criteria for this entity. Aims: The paper describes three patients with a language disorder that is not ascribed to concomitantly present brain lesions and compares the clinical and linguistic features with those of previously reported cases of non-organic language disorder. Methods & Procedures: Case studies and cross-tabulation of characteristics of our reported patients and of patients reported earlier in the literature. Outcomes & Results: All three reported patients had a prior history of psychiatric disorders, and lived alone or were involved in conflicting situations. All of them presented cerebral lesions as documented by neuro-imaging but with a linguistic presentation that is totally incompatible with true aphasia and therefore not related to the documented lesions. Characteristic linguistic features included abrupt onset of a nonfluent language disorder with agrammatism, overgeneralisations, paraphasias preceded by pauses, and error variations. Comprehension was unaffected. Additionally dysarthria with hypophonia and reduced speech rate was striking. The linguistic symptoms fluctuated over time, dependent on cognitive distraction and context. Conclusion: The presence of a brain lesion does not imply the organic nature of all symptoms including language deficits. We argue the necessity of taking into account non-organic language behaviour in the differential diagnosis of aphasia. The common characteristics reported in our cases may serve as a basis for the future development of diagnostic criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important application field of secondary ion mass spectrometry at the nanometer scale (NanoSIMS) is the detection of chemical elements and, in particular, metals at the subcellular level in biological samples. The detection of many trace metals requires an oxygen primary ion source to allow the generation of positive secondary ions with high yield in die NanoSIMS. The duoplasmatron oxygen source is commonly used in this ion microprobe but cannot achieve the same quality of images as the cesium primary ion source used to produce negative secondary ions (C-, CN-, S-, P-) due to a larger primary ion beam size. In this paper, a new type of an oxygen ion source using a rf plasma is fitted and characterized on a NanoSIMS50L. The performances of this primary ion source in terms of current density and achievable lateral resolution have been characterized and compared to the conventional duoplasmatron and cesium sources. The new rf plasma oxygen source offered a net improvement in terms of primary beam current density compared to the commonly used duoplasmatron source, which resulted in higher ultimate lateral resolutions down to 37 nm and which provided a 5--45 times higher apparent sensitivity for electropositive elements. Other advantages include a better long-term stability and reduced maintenance. This new rf plasma oxygen primary ion source has been applied to the localization of essential macroelements and trace metals at basal levels in two biological models, cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To read about the current provision of cancer-related pain services in the UK • To recognise that people with cancer-related pain may be experiencing issues in accessing support services • To acknowledge the need for all healthcare professionals to receive adequate education on cancer-related pain. Background: Cancer-related pain is the most commonly reported symptom across all cancer types. It can have significant effects on the person experiencing it, including reduced quality of life. Cancer-related pain is complex and requires specialist support from the multidisciplinary team to ensure optimal management. Aim: To map the current provision of cancer-related pain services across the UK and understand the support available within them. Method: An online survey was developed by a team of specialists with expertise in cancer-related pain. The survey was circulated via a social media platform to recruit healthcare professionals working for cancer-related pain services. Findings: A total of 63 respondents from across England completed the survey, with no responses received from the other UK nations. The types of services that provided support for people with cancer-related pain included oncology services, pain services and late effects services; 56% (n=35) of services were multiprofessional. There appeared to be some issues with accessing these services, as 37% (n=23) did not accept referrals for those with late effects cancer pain and 21% (n=13) did not accept referrals for those undergoing palliative treatment. All respondents agreed that additional education and support is needed regarding cancer-related pain. Conclusion: The results of this survey indicate that the provision of cancer-related pain services is inconsistent. Further work is necessary to improve access to these services and to ensure that healthcare professionals receive adequate education on cancer-related pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain during, and especially after, cancer remains underestimated and undertreated. Moreover, both patients and health care providers are not aware of potential benefits of rehabilitation strategies for the management of pain during and following cancer treatment. In this paper, we firstly provided a state-of-the-art overview of the best evidence rehabilitation modalities for patients having (persistent) pain during and following cancer treatment, including educational interventions, specific exercise therapies, manual therapies, general exercise therapies and mind-body exercise therapies. Secondly, the findings were summarized from a clinical perspective and discussed from a scientific perspective. In conclusion, best evidence suggests that general exercise therapy has small pain-relieving effects. Supporting evidence for mind-body exercise therapy is available only in breast cancer patients. At this moment, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to support the use of specific exercises and manual therapy at the affected region for pain relief during and after cancer treatment. No clinically relevant results were found in favor of educational interventions restricted to a biomedical approach of pain. To increase available evidence these rehabilitation modalities should be applied according to, and within, a multidisciplinary biopsychosocial pain management approach. Larger, well-designed clinical trials tailored to the origin of pain and with proper evaluation of pain-related functioning and the patient's pain experience are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilisation of enzymes in the industry has brought numerous benefits and advantages to production processes. Enzymes serve as biocatalysts, efficiently catalyzing reactions and hydrolysis in biochemical processes. However, there are challenges in applying enzymes in the industry, particularly concerning enzyme stability. The obstacle encountered in the production processes involving industrial enzyme applications is the low stability of enzymes when used at high temperatures. Heat-sensitive enzymes undergo damage or denaturation. Thermophilic microorganisms are chosen because they hold the potential to produce thermophilic enzymes. The thermophilic enzymes exhibit better heat stability compared to other enzymes, making them an effective alternative for future industrial production processes. This study aims to isolate thermotolerant bacteria from Nglimut Hot Spring sediment, screen for cellulase- and amylase-producing isolates, and molecularly identify the best isolate using 16S rRNA barcode. The results show that 22 bacterial isolates were found in the sediment of a hot spring; TS-14 was the best isolate in producing amylase, with the highest average amylolytic index of 2.38, whereas TS-15 had the highest cellulolytic index of 2.11. Based on 16S rRNA identification, TS-14 showed an homological identity of 79% with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, while TS-15 had a 100% homological identity with Bacillus licheniformis. These results were important as the first step of screening bacterial potential to produce thermophilic enzymes that could be applied in the downstream processing in future industrial and biotechnology companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal medicines (HMs) have long played a pivotal role in preventing and treating various human diseases and have been studied widely. However, the complexities present in HM metabolites and their unclear mechanisms of action have posed significant challenges in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Over the past two decades, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has garnered increasing attention as a robust analytical technique that enables the simultaneous execution of qualitative, quantitative, and localization analyses without complex sample pretreatment. With advances in technical solutions, MSI has been extensively applied in the field of HMs. MSI, a label-free ion imaging technique can comprehensively map the spatial distribution of HM metabolites in plant native tissues, thereby facilitating the effective quality control of HMs. Furthermore, the spatial dimension information of small molecule endogenous metabolites within animal tissues provided by MSI can also serve as a supplement to uncover pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms of HMs. In the review, we provide an overview of the three most common MSI techniques. In addition, representative applications in HM are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and propose several potential solutions. We hope that the summary of recent findings will contribute to the application of MSI in exploring metabolites and mechanisms of action of HMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared thermography (IRT), as a non-contact condition monitoring (CM) technique, measures the temperature distribution of machines and components to detect anomalous thermal behaviour. It is usually considered as a complementarytechnique and nowadays is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. In this paper, two commonly used criteria to assess the condition of machines based on the infrared thermography technique, ie absolute and relative temperature criteria, are represented. Then, the importance of the temperature trend in condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of machines and components is described. The ThermaITrend software, which was developed in the Condition Monitoring Unit, Smelting Department, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex in Rafsanjan, Iran, is introduced and its most important and unique features are discussed. This software package helps thermographers toorganise thermal images and provides the temperaturetrends of machines and components that are under regular monitoring. Finally, some industrial case studies on the usefulness and applicability of the infrared thermography technique and the ThermaITrend software are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental element for life, playing an integral role in cellular metabolism including energy transfer, nucleic acid synthesis, and membrane structure. This nutrient is critical to the physiological ecology in all photosynthetic organisms including eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria. The review, here presented, delves into the intricate mechanisms governing phosphorus acquisition from the environment, its utilization in plant metabolism, and regulation in these photosynthetic microorganisms. Furthermore, it comprehensively explores the strategies employed by microalgae to cope with phosphorus limitation, such as the activation of high-affinity phosphate transporters and the synthesis of phosphorus storage compounds. On the other hand, the ability to consume abundant phosphate makes microalgae exploitable organisms for environmental remediation processes. The knowledge synthesized in this review contributes to the broader understanding of microalgal physiology, offering insights into the ecological and biotechnological implications of phosphorus assimilation in these microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A large-scale metabolic adaptation in M1-polarized macrophages compared with M2 macrophages, along with multiple altered metabolite parameters that can serve as potential targets, have been discussed. Nanomaterial-based repurposing of macrophage metabolism and its applications are systematically summarized and illustrated using representative examples. Potential challenges, additional information about future research objectives, and priorities of nanomaterial-based macrophage immunotherapy are highlighted. Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease symptoms. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism, enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal patterns. They achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals, thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for therapy. However, a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently lacking. This review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic immunotherapy. We initially explore the relationship between metabolism, polarization, and disease, before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy, aiming to accelerate clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halophiles are one of the classes of extremophilic microorganisms that can flourish in environments with very high salt concentrations. In this study, fifteen bacterial strains isolated from various crop rhizospheric soils of agricultural fields along the Southwest coastline of Saurashtra, Gujarat, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Halomonas pacifica, H. stenophila, H. salifodinae, H. binhaiensis, Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi, and Bacillus paralicheniformis were investigated for their potentiality to produce extremozymes and compatible solute. The isolates showed the production of halophilic protease, cellulase, and chitinase enzymes ranging from 6.90 to 35.38, 0.004–0.042, and 0.097–0.550 U ml−1, respectively. The production of ectoine-compatible solute ranged from 0.01 to 3.17 mg l−1. Furthermore, the investigation of the ectoine-compatible solute production at the molecular level by PCR showed the presence of the ectoine synthase gene responsible for its biosynthesis in the isolates. Besides, it also showed the presence of glycine betaine biosynthetic gene betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in the isolates. The compatible solute production by these isolates may be linked to their ability to produce extremozymes under saline conditions, which could protect them from salt-induced denaturation, potentially enhancing their stability and activity. This correlation warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Japan, sashimi, a distinctive and straightforward meal of fresh fish, is frequently offered for dinner with family or at restaurants. Since sashimi is made from raw tuna loin, infections and spoiling microorganisms can readily damage it, especially if it is served without refrigeration. In addition to ice, novel preservatives need to be researched to prevent the growth of harmful and histamine-producing microbes. Carbonyl, phenols from burning coconut shells, and organic acids are among the antibacterial substances found in liquid smoke (LS). However, more study on liquid smoke nano-encapsulation is needed because there is a lack of evidence about the physicochemical properties of LS. Aims: The goal of the study was to determine the production process of liquid smoke nano-encapsulation (LSN), the level of total histamine in LSN-coated sashimi stored at room temperature, and the effectiveness of LSN against pathogenic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: The following parameters were measured: pH levels, water content, Salmonella, E. coli, total microbial count (TPC), histamine concentration, and antibacterial inhibitory action. Results: The findings demonstrated that LSN with maltodextrin: sago flour: 1% LS ratio of 10: 1: 5 effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli and Salmonella and decreased the amount of histamine in sashimi that was refrigerated for ten days. Conclusions: LSN was effective in preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria and reducing the histamine content in tuna sashimi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the serious risks posed by the heavy metals present in pig diets, monitoring and controlling the amount of these metals is crucial. The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for performing elemental analysis due to its unique advantages, such as rapid, in situ, nondestructive, and online detection of various minerals. In order to improve the detection accuracy and detection limit (LOD) of elements, the spatial constraint combined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CC-LIBS) is used to detect the quantity of zinc in pig feed and achieve the detection of samples with lower concentrations. Zn I 480.86 nm is selected as the characteristic spectral line, and the effects of different two-dimensional (cylindrical) and three-dimensional (hemispherical, truncated cone) cavities on the enhancement factor are compared under different time delays. The results show that the optimal conditions include a truncated cone cavity D5H3, a delay time of 2.08, and an enhancement factor of 3.01 associated with the analytical spectral line. The detection limit of zinc in samples under CC-LIBS is 62.67 mg/kg (the recommended quantity of zinc in pig diet mentioned in the safe use of feed additives is 43–80 mg/kg), which is 35.65% lower than that under the LIBS (97.39 mg/kg). Therefore, this work provides a new test basis and idea for the detection of zinc in pig feed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRAK: Nagari Bukit Tandang khususnya Jorong Parit merupakan daerah sentra pengembangan tanaman pangan khususnya tanaman padi di Kabupaten Solok dan Kabupaten Solok juga merupakan sentra produksi padi dan beras di Propisinsi Sumatera Barat yang terkenal dengan beras Soloknya. Kondisi dengan penen padi dan produksi beras yang melimpah ini menggambarkan bahwa daerah Nagari Bukit Tandang relatif potensial untuk dikembangkan sebagai distributor dan usaha mandiri tepung beras di Kecamatan Bukit Sundi dan Kabupaten Solok. Progam pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode andragogi. Metode ini dilakukan dengan cara pemberian materi dengan penyuluhan dan melakukan praktek secara bersama-sama.Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah 1) penyuluhan dan praktek penggunaan alat penepungan, 2) penyuluhan dan praktek penggunaan alat pengering semi mekanis menggunakan energi tenaga surya, 3) penyuluhan dan praktek penggunaan plastik kemasan dan alat sealer. Kegitan ini dilakukan pada kelompok tani Harapan Jaya. Data diperoleh dari hasil penepungan, pengeringan secara manual dan menggunakan alat. Proses penepungan dengan disk mill mampu memproduksi tepung sehari 20-30 kg/hari (delapan jam kerja/hari) berat basah tepung beras. Sedangkan menggunakan lesung dapat memproduksi tepung beras 5-6 kg/hari (delapan jam kerja/hari). Hasil pengeringan tepung dengan rumah pengering dapat meningkatkat kualitas tepung lebih bersih dengan kuantitas tepung yang tetap, apabila dibandingkan dengan pengeringan yang dilakukan di para-para menggunakan talam. Satu hari rumah pengering dapat mengeringkan tepung 2- 3 kali. Jika cuaca cerah rumah pengering dapat mengeringkan tepung 4 kali, sedangkan kondisi cuaca tidak cerah, hanya mampu mengeringkan tepung 2 kali penepungan. Rata-rata rumah pengering mampu mengeringkan tepung dalam sehari 10kg/hari. Sedangkan menggunakan para-para dan talam hanya mampu memproduksi 4 kg/hari. Kata kunci: Teknologi Pertanian, Tepung Beras, Pengemasan, Bukit Sundi Empowering Farmers Through Business Independent Rice Flour in Nagari Bukit Tandang Kec. Bukit Sundi Kab. Solok ABSTRACT: Nagari Bukit Tandang specifically Jorong Parit is a center of food crop development especially rice plants in Kabupaten Solok, also the center of rice and rice production in West Sumatra Province which is famous for its Solok rice. This condition with abundant penen rice and rice production illustrates that the Nagari Bukit Tandang area is relatively potential to be developed as a distributor and independent business of rice flour in Kecamatan Bukit Sundi and Kabupaten Solok. This community service program is carried out using the andragogy method. This method is carried out by giving material with counseling and practicing together. The activities carried out were 1) counseling and practice of using shading tools, 2) counseling and practice of using semi-mechanical dryers using solar energy, 3) counseling and practice of using plastic packaging and sealer tools. This activity was carried out on the Harapan Jaya farmer group. Data is obtained from the results of shading, drying manually and using tools. The process of holding with a disk mill is able to produce 20-30 kg / day (eight hours of work / day) flour starch wet weight of rice flour. While using mortar can produce rice flour 5-6 kg / day (eight working hours / day). The results of drying the flour with the dryer house can increase the quality of the flour cleaner with a fixed quantity of flour, when compared with the drying carried out whith use tray. One day drying house can dry flour 2-3 times. If the weather is sunny, the drying house can dry the flour 4 times, while the weather conditions are not bright, it is only able to dry the flour 2 times the sinking. The average drying house is able to dry flour in a day of 10kg / day. While using tray can only produce 4 kg/day. Keywords: Agricultural Technology, Rice Flour, Packaging, Bukit Sundi

This update covers publications from the second half of 2022 to the middle of 2023. Advances in analytical techniques and their applications relevant to clinical and biological materials, foods and beverages are reviewed in the text, highlighting their key-features. Four tables complement the text, aiming to summarise technical details of interest for sample preparation based on extraction procedures, applications to clinical and biological materials, analysis of food and beverages and studies of food authenticity or origin. Techniques with multielement capabilities are more and more popular as they allow maximisation of the information that can be obtained from a single sample and the results are often analysed by sophisticated statistical techniques. However, the interest in single-element methods has not decreased and it is supported by the development of smart extraction and pre-concentration methods that make the most of nanomaterials. Beside more conventional applications of ICP-MS, most of the developments in the biological field are devoted to exploring the capabilities for single cell and single particle measurements. Much work is in progress, but standardization of these procedures will require more time and effort. A number of papers also reported the use of ICP-MS as a detector to support measurement of biological macromolecules. The use of LIBS, MS and X-ray for imaging, alongside other techniques, continues to attract attention, in particular for applications in support of cancer diagnosis and bioanalytical research. Applications to food and beverage samples have focused both on achieving lower limits of detection and on multiple measurement capabilities, in particular, following the interest in documenting the authenticity and origin of food products, several reviews have addressed specific aspects of the process of measuring chemical elements in biological matrices, food and beverages. Attention was also given to various techniques for micro-sampling biological fluids that would facilitate monitoring programmes with less invasive procedures. The issuing of regulations for the control of chemical elements as impurities in medicines has driven commitment to develop or improve suitable analytical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Litterae Vasconicae is the property of Labayru Foundation / Labayru Fundazioa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Cellular and organismal metabolisms have been shown to directly instruct epigenetic alterations, and thereby dictate stem cell fate, in the bone marrow. Epigenetic regulatory enzymes are dependent on the availability of metabolites to facilitate DNA‐ and histone‐modifying reactions. The metabolic and epigenetic features of HSCs and their downstream progenitors can be significantly altered by environmental perturbations, dietary habits, and hematological diseases. Therefore, understanding metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate healthy HSCs can contribute to the discovery of novel metabolic therapeutic targets that specifically eliminate leukemia stem cells while sparing healthy HSCs. Here, we provide an in‐depth review of the metabolic and epigenetic interplay regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. We discuss the influence of metabolic stress stimuli, as well as alterations occurring during leukemic development. Additionally, we highlight recent therapeutic advancements toward eradicating acute myeloid leukemia cells by intervening in metabolic and epigenetic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remedial exercises are an important part of the treatment for lymphedema, but there is little evidence to support the acute effects of remedial exercises with or without compression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how daily (performed within 24 h) remedial exercises with and without compression bandaging acutely affect the severity of lymphedema and its symptoms in breast-cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). In total, 34 patients with BCRL completed three sets of remedial exercises (within 24 h) with and without compression bandaging in a randomized order separated by a 3-day wash-out period. The severity of lymphedema and extracellular water ratio were assessed before and 24 h post exercise by using bilateral circumferential measurements and bioimpedance spectroscopy (in L-dex score), respectively, and the severity of self-reported symptoms (swelling, heaviness, and tightness) was assessed using a visual analogue scale. While there was no difference in all outcomes at 24 h post exercise without compression (p > 0.05), all outcomes decreased significantly compared to baseline at 24 h after the exercise with compression (p < 0.001). The remedial exercises performed in the absence of compression within 24 h do not acutely increase the lymphedema and symptoms in BCRL. These are important preliminary findings, which can be used to inform future prospective evaluation of the long-term effects of remedial exercise performed without compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal Agronida / Jurnal Agronida is the property of Universitas Djuanda and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang Studi Sosial Ekonomi Petni Kayu Manis di Tanah Rata Banda Naira 1970-2022. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah lisan, yakni keterangan langsung dari para petani sebagai aktor utama, dan studi literatur juga hasil observasi langsung seerta dokumentasi, dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpertasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa sejarah budidaya kayu manis di Desa Tanah Rata, Banda Naira, Maluku Tengah, mulai digalangkan oleh warga petani pada tahun 1970-an. Fase ini merupakan awal tananam kayumanis dipelihara di lahan-lahan perkebunan warga, yang sebelumnya hanya dibiarkan tumbuh liar oleh para petani di sana. Memasuki usia menghasilkan (produktif) pada tahun 1980-an. Usaha budiya kayu manis pada fase ini belum banyak dilakukan warga petani di sana. Salah satu kendalanya adalah soal kelangkaan bibit tanaman ini. Sejauh yang ditemukan petani kayu manis tidak mengunakan pola patron dan klien. Pasalnya dalam proses pengarapan lahan hingga masa penen tidak mengunakan sistem kariawan. Petani langsung yang memanen hasil kayu manis miliknya di bantu oleh angota keluarganya. Kenyataan ini disebabkan oleh lahan petani untuk membudidaya kayu manis tidak begitu banyak. Artinya budidaya kayu manis hanya sebatas upaya mengisi lahan kosong di kebun yang ditanam di antara celah lahan pala dan perbatasan-perbatasan lahan ubi kayu. Penghasilan yang diperoleh dari usaha panen kayu manis digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pokok, seperti membeli beras dan bayar tagihan listrik, biaya sekolah anak dan bila sedikit lebih digunakan untuk memperbaiki rumah tempat tinggal para petani kayu manis.

Background: Chronic pain after breast cancer surgery affects up to 60% of patients. Evidence supports the fact that pain outwith the surgical site is a significant issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the prevalence of non-surgical site pain (NSSP) in women after breast cancer surgery at 6 months post-operatively. Methods: Adult women with a confirmed breast cancer diagnosis who had undergone breast cancer surgery were identified. The outcome pursued was pain outwith the surgical site measured on either NRS/VRS or VAS rating scale. CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify studies that examined NSSP after breast cancer surgery at 6 months. Data were gathered via pre-piloted Excel forms and analysed both quantitively and qualitatively. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model to assess risk difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of sixteen studies were identified for inclusion. Eleven studies failed to provide sufficient data and consequently were analysed qualitatively. Five studies were adequate for quantitative analysis, including a total of 995 patients. Meta-analysis identified a risk difference of 18% (95% CI: 5–31%) between patients who had breast cancer surgery and a reference, however, this is low-quality evidence. Conclusion: This review has highlighted that breast cancer surgery increases the risk of pain outwith the surgical site postoperatively. It was additionally identified that NSSP data are often gathered in research yet rarely presented in results or highlighted as a primary outcome. As the quality of evidence was low, research specifying NSSP as a primary outcome is required to provide more certainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high brightness and low energy spread (∆E) ion source is essential to the production of a high-quality primary ion beam applied in secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). A compact 13.56 MHz radio-frequency (RF) ion source with an external planar spiral antenna has been developed as a candidate ion source for the production of negative oxygen ion beams for SIMS application. This ion source is designed with a three-and-a-half-turn water-cooled planar antenna for RF power coupling, a multi-cusp magnetic field for effective plasma confinement, and a three-electrode extraction system. The experimental results show that more than 50 µA negative oxygen ion beams have been extracted, which consist of 56% O−, 25% O2−, and 19% O3−. The ion energy distribution of the negative oxygen ion beam exhibits a Gaussian distribution with a minimum ∆E of 6.3 eV. The brightness of the O− beam is estimated to be 82.4 A m−2 Sr−1 V−1. The simulation, design, and experimental study results of this RF ion source will be presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significant role of the 19th-century Karakalpak classical poet Ajiniyaz Kosibay Uly in shaping the literary language of the Karakalpak people. Ajiniyaz's works were published in the 19th century, and his influence on the development of the Karakalpak literary language is highlighted. The article also touches upon the historical context of the Karakalpak people's statehood and their cultural and educational development. Ajiniyaz's deep knowledge of various languages, including Persian and Arabic, is emphasized, as well as his ability to combine the traditions and experiences of poetry from different cultures. His works are described as having a deep lyricism that can evoke strong emotions. Ajiniyaz's poetry is recognized as a cornerstone of 19th-century Karakalpak literature, contributing significantly to the development of the Karakalpak literary language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used correlative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) imaging to quantify the contents of subvesicular compartments, and to measure the partial release fraction of 13C‐dopamine in cellular nanovesicles as a function of size. Three modes of exocytosis comprise full release, kiss‐and‐run, and partial release. The latter has been subject to scientific debate, despite a growing amount of supporting literature. We tailored culturing procedures to alter vesicle size and definitively show no size correlation with the fraction of partial release. In NanoSIMS images, vesicle content was indicated by the presence of isotopic dopamine, while vesicles which underwent partial release were identified by the presence of an 127I‐labelled drug, to which they were exposed during exocytosis allowing entry into the open vesicle prior to its closing again. Demonstration of similar partial release fractions indicates that this mode of exocytosis is predominant across a wide range of vesicle sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the effectiveness of eHealth self-management interventions on pain intensity between oncological and musculoskeletal populations and to examine barriers and facilitators of the use of eHealth self-management tools. In March 2021, a systematic search of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Studies that investigated the effect of eHealth self-management interventions on pain intensity in an oncological and/or a musculoskeletal population were included. No study was found with a direct comparison of the two populations. Of the ten included studies, only one (musculoskeletal) found a significant interaction effect in favor of the eHealth program and three (musculoskeletal and breast cancer) showed a significant time-effect of the eHealth intervention. In both populations user-friendliness of the tool was considered as a facilitator, the length of the program and the lack of an in-person session as barrier. Due to the absence of a direct comparison, no conclusion can be made on how the effectiveness differs between both populations. Further research should incorporate patient-experienced barriers and facilitators and there is a high need of studies making the direct comparison of the effect of an eHealth self-management intervention on pain intensity in an oncological vs. a MSK population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]