1. Measurement of acoustic attenuation in South Pole ice
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A. Piegsa, P. Roth, L. Gustafsson, J. L. Kelley, K.-H. Becker, Markus Ahlers, Larissa Paul, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, K. Kuehn, K. Beattie, Albrecht Karle, O. Schulz, K. Meagher, T. Krings, K. Mase, Christian Spiering, R. Porrata, G. de Vries-Uiterweerd, E. A. Strahler, A. Schukraft, Delia Tosi, S. Hussain, Timo Karg, B. Semburg, S. Knops, Justin Vandenbroucke, J. H. Koehne, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, P. B. Price, Gerald Przybylski, Dirk Ryckbosch, F. Clevermann, C. Pérez de los Heros, A. Gross, Dirk Lennarz, Hermann Kolanoski, H. Wissing, A. Schultes, J. M. Clem, Jon Dumm, M. Prikockis, T. Waldenmaier, Joanna Kiryluk, D. J. Boersma, A. Van Overloop, J. J. Beatty, J. P. Rodrigues, Dj. Koskinen, T. Stezelberger, T. O. B. Schmidt, C. Ha, M. Kowalski, J. P. Yanez, Henrik J. Johansson, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. Danninger, P. Berghaus, S. Grullon, M. J. Carson, S. Panknin, Kurt Woschnagg, F. Rothmaier, Paul Evenson, G. W. Sullivan, S.J. Lafebre, A. Silvestri, S. Euler, M. Stamatikos, Fabian Kislat, Matthias Geisler, K. Hultqvist, N. Kemming, James E. Braun, Darren Grant, H. Landsman, Paraic A. Kenny, Juanan Aguilar, Takao Kuwabara, T. Kowarik, B. Christy, A. Tamburro, B. Voigt, Anna Franckowiak, Xinhua Bai, W. Huelsnitz, K. Helbing, Christopher Wiebusch, Dmitry Chirkin, M. V. D'Agostino, K. Schatto, J. Posselt, G. Kohnen, Damian Pieloth, M. Ono, D. Hubert, G. Wikström, T. Griesel, A. Ishihara, Thomas Meures, Karen Andeen, M. Merck, Alexander Kappes, A. Goldschmidt, J. L. Bazo Alba, J. Luenemann, Yolanda Sestayo de la Cerra, L. Demiroers, K. Wiebe, G. Stephens, S. Westerhoff, R. Nahnhauer, T. Feusels, K. Hoshina, L. Koepke, T. Abu-Zayyad, O. Tarasova, K. Han, J. E. Jacobsen, Glenn Spiczak, Pratik Majumdar, J. K. Becker, Reina H. Maruyama, Carsten Rott, L. Gerhardt, R. Ehrlich, M. Matusik, T. Gluesenkamp, Spencer Klein, Tim Ruhe, M. Walter, A. Rizzo, U. Naumann, Olga Botner, A. Olivas, R. W. Ellsworth, M. Bissok, M. M. Foerster, B. Ruzybayev, R. Ganugapati, Laura C. Bradley, E. Blaufuss, M. R. Duvoort, J. C. Gallagher, D. F. Cowen, Kara Hoffman, R. L. Imlay, S. H. Seo, Xianwu Xu, O. Depaepe, S. Stoyanov, Allan Hallgren, C. Bohm, S. M. Movit, K. Laihem, N. Milke, George Japaridze, David A. Schneider, O. Engdegård, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, Michael J. Baker, Elisa Resconi, P. Niessen, L. Gladstone, J. Berdermann, H. S. Matis, D. Seckel, S. Boeser, S. Tilav, I. Taboada, Wolfgang Rhode, A. R. Fazely, Tyce DeYoung, P. A. Toale, R. C. Bay, M. Labare, T. Straszheim, J. van Santen, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, D. Turcan, J. Dreyer, Y. Abdou, S. Bechet, Francis Halzen, P. Redl, P. Zarzhitsky, J. W. Nam, J. P. Huelss, O. Fadiran, Karl-Heinz Kampert, H. G. Sander, Kirill Filimonov, D. R. Nygren, S. Odrowski, Chun Xu, J. M. Joseph, Rasha Abbasi, Peter Mészáros, Stijn Buitink, R. Morse, B. D. Fox, D. Bertrand, M. Wallraff, M. Gurtner, C. Roucelle, D. Z. Besson, Nathan Whitehorn, S. Cohen, J. Auffenberg, Chad Finley, C. Colnard, Jenni Adams, Subir Sarkar, S. Hickford, R. G. Stokstad, R. Wischnewski, J. Petrovic, R. M. Gunasingha, A. Slipakaj, R. J. Lauer, M. Olivo, J. A. Goodman, C. De Clercq, David A. Williams, M. Krasberg, S. W. Barwick, Q. Swillens, S. Yoshida, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, N. van Eijndhoven, M. Ribordy, S. Schlenstedt, G. Kroll, Todor Stanev, C. Wendt, R. Lehmann, F. Descamps, Ph. Herquet, A. Tepe, R. Franke, Kael Hanson, C. Walck, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, Paolo Desiati, S. Seunarine, D. Rutledge, K. Rawlins, James Madsen, A. Homeier, Teresa Montaruli, M. Schunck, Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept. of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Tuscaloosa), University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Wuppertal, University of Delaware [Newark], Department of Physics and Astronomy [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, University of California, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Dept. of Astronomy, Science Faculty CP230, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas [Lawrence] (KU), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Stockholm University, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, University Park, Technische Universität Dortmund [Dortmund] (TU), École Polytechnique Fédérale, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Southern University, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Physics [Edmonton], University of Alberta, University of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Christchurch] (DPA), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Université de Mons (UMons), Chiba University, University of Alaska [Anchorage], University of the West Indies, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Acoustic attenuation ,Acoustics ,Ice ,Neutrino astronomy ,South Pole ,[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,ice ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Aetiology, screening and detection [ONCOL 5] ,Lambda ,01 natural sciences ,neutrino astronomy ,[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO] ,Optics ,Spectrum ,0103 physical sciences ,acoustics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,business.industry ,Attenuation ,[SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE] ,Transmitter ,Attenuation length ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Geodesy ,Amplitude ,Attenuation coefficient ,ddc:540 ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,business ,acoustic attenuation - Abstract
Using the South Pole Acoustic Test Setup (SPATS) and a retrievable transmitter deployed in holes drilled for the IceCube experiment, we have measured the attenuation of acoustic signals by South Pole ice at depths between 190 m and 500 m. Three data sets, using different acoustic sources, have been analyzed and give consistent results. The method with the smallest systematic uncertainties yields an amplitude attenuation coefficient alpha = 3.20 \pm 0.57 km^(-1) between 10 and 30 kHz, considerably larger than previous theoretical estimates. Expressed as an attenuation length, the analyses give a consistent result for lambda = 1/alpha of ~1/300 m with 20% uncertainty. No significant depth or frequency dependence has been found., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, published in Astroparticle Physics, 2010
- Published
- 2011