1. Systematic study of nuclear effects in $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV using $π^0$ production
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Acharya, U.A., Adare, A., Aidala, C., Ajitanand, N.N., Akiba, Y., Al-Bataineh, H., Alexander, J., Alfred, M., Andrieux, V., Angerami, A., Aoki, K., Apadula, N., Aramaki, Y., Asano, H., Atomssa, E.T., Averbeck, R., Awes, T.C., Azmoun, B., Babintsev, V., Bai, M., Baksay, G., Baksay, L., Bandara, N.S., Bannier, B., Barish, K.N., Bassalleck, B., Basye, A.T., Bathe, S., Baublis, V., Baumann, C., Bazilevsky, A., Beaumier, M., Beckman, S., Belikov, S., Belmont, R., Bennett, R., Berdnikov, A., Berdnikov, Y., Bhom, J.H., Bichon, L., Blankenship, B., Blau, D.S., Bok, J.S., Borisov, V., Boyle, K., Brooks, M.L., Bryslawskyj, J., Buesching, H., Bumazhnov, V., Bunce, G., Butsyk, S., Campbell, S., Canoa Roman, V., Caringi, A., Cervantes, R., Chen, C.-H., Chiu, M., Chi, C.Y., Choi, I.J., Choi, J.B., Choudhury, R.K., Christiansen, P., Chujo, T., Chung, P., Chvala, O., Cianciolo, V., Citron, Z., Cole, B.A., Conesa del Valle, Z., Connors, M., Corliss, R., Corrales Morales, Y., Cronin, N., Csörgő, T., Csanád, M., d'Orazio, L., Dahms, T., Dairaku, S., Danchev, I., Danley, T.W., Das, K., Datta, A., Daugherity, M.S., David, G., Dayananda, M.K., Dean, C.T., Deblasio, K., Dehmelt, K., Denisov, A., Deshpande, A., Desmond, E.J., Dharmawardane, K.V., Dietzsch, O., Dion, A., Diss, P.B., Dixit, D., Donadelli, M., Do, J.H., Doomra, V., Drapier, O., Drees, A., Drees, K.A., Durham, J.M., Durum, A., Dutta, D., Edwards, S., Efremenko, Y.V., Ellinghaus, F., En'Yo, H., Engelmore, T., Enokizono, A., Esha, R., Esumi, S., Fadem, B., Fan, W., Feege, N., Fields, D.E., M.Finger, Jr., Finger, M., Fitzgerald, D., Fleuret, F., Fokin, S.L., Fraenkel, Z., Frantz, J.E., Franz, A., Frawley, A.D., Fujiwara, K., Fukao, Y., Fukuda, Y., Fusayasu, T., Gallus, P., Gal, C., Garg, P., Garishvili, I., Ge, H., Giles, M., Giordano, F., Glenn, A., Gong, H., Gonin, M., Goto, Y., Granier de Cassagnac, R., Grau, N., Greene, S.V., Grim, G., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Gunji, T., Guragain, H., Gustafsson, H.-Å., Hachiya, T., Haggerty, J.S., Hahn, K.I., Hamagaki, H., Hamblen, J., Hamilton, H.F., Hanks, J., Han, R., Han, S.Y., Harvey, M., Hasegawa, S., Haseler, T.O.S., Hashimoto, K., Haslum, E., Hayano, R., Heffner, M., Hemmick, T.K., Hester, T., He, X., Hill, J.C., Hill, K., Hodges, A., Hohlmann, M., Hollis, R.S., Holzmann, W., Homma, K., Hong, B., Horaguchi, T., Hornback, D., Hoshino, T., Hotvedt, N., Huang, J., Ichihara, T., Ichimiya, R., Ikeda, Y., Imai, K., Inaba, M., Iordanova, A., Isenhower, D., Ishihara, M., Issah, M., Ivanishchev, D., Iwanaga, Y., Jacak, B.V., Jezghani, M., Jiang, X., Jin, J., Ji, Z., Johnson, B.M., Jones, T., Joo, K.S., Jouan, D., Jumper, D.S., Kajihara, F., Kamin, J., Kanda, S., Kang, J.H., Kapukchyan, D., Kapustinsky, J., Karatsu, K., Karthas, S., Kasai, M., Kawall, D., Kawashima, M., Kazantsev, A.V., Kempel, T., Key, J.A., Khachatryan, V., Khanzadeev, A., Khatiwada, A., Kijima, K.M., Kikuchi, J., Kimelman, B., Kim, A., Kim, B.I., Kim, C., Kim, D.J., Kim, E.-J., Kim, G.W., Kim, M., Kim, T., Kim, Y.-J., Kincses, D., Kingan, A., Kinney, E., Kiss, Á., Kistenev, E., Kitamura, R., Klatsky, J., Kleinjan, D., Kline, P., Koblesky, T., Kochenda, L., Komkov, B., Konno, M., Koster, J., Kotov, D., Král, A., Kravitz, A., Kudo, S., Kunde, G.J., Kurita, K., Kurosawa, M., Kwon, Y., Kyle, G.S., Lai, Y.S., Lajoie, J.G., Larionova, D., Lebedev, A., Lee, D.M., Lee, J., Lee, K.B., Lee, K.S., Lee, S., Lee, S.H., Leitch, M.J., Leite, M.A.L., Leung, Y.H., Lewis, N.A., Liška, T., Lichtenwalner, P., Liebing, P., Lim, S.H., Linden Levy, L.A., Liu, H., Liu, M.X., Li, X., Loggins, V.-R., Loomis, D.A., Lovasz, K., Love, B., Lynch, D., Lökös, S., Maguire, C.F., Majoros, T., Makdisi, Y.I., Makek, M., Malik, M.D., Manion, A., Manko, V.I., Mannel, E., Mao, Y., Masui, H., Matathias, F., Mccumber, M., Mcgaughey, P.L., Mcglinchey, D., Mckinney, C., Means, N., Meles, A., Mendoza, M., Meredith, B., Miake, Y., Mibe, T., Mignerey, A.C., Miki, K., Milov, A., Mishra, D.K., Mitchell, J.T., Mitrankova, M., Mitrankov, Iu., Mitsuka, G., Miyasaka, S., Mizuno, S., Mohanty, A.K., Mondal, M.M., Montuenga, P., Moon, H.J., Moon, T., Morino, Y., Morreale, A., Morrison, D.P., Moukhanova, T.V., Mulilo, B., Murakami, T., Murata, J., Mwai, A., Nagai, K., Nagamiya, S., Nagashima, K., Nagashima, T., Nagle, J.L., Naglis, M., Nagy, M.I., Nakagawa, I., Nakagomi, H., Nakamiya, Y., Nakamura, K.R., Nakamura, T., Nakano, K., Nam, S., Nattrass, C., Nelson, S., Netrakanti, P.K., Newby, J., Nguyen, M., Nihashi, M., Niida, T., Nishimura, S., Nouicer, R., Novák, T., Novitzky, N., Nukazuka, G., Nyanin, A.S., O'Brien, E., Oakley, C., Oda, S.X., Ogilvie, C.A., Okada, K., Oka, M., Onuki, Y., Orjuela Koop, J.D., Osborn, J.D., Oskarsson, A., Ottino, G.J., Ouchida, M., Ozawa, K., Pak, R., Pantuev, V., Papavassiliou, V., Park, I.H., Park, J.S., Park, S., Park, S.K., Park, W.J., Patel, M., Pate, S.F., Pei, H., Peng, J.-C., Peng, W., Pereira, H., Perepelitsa, D.V., Perera, G.D.N., Peressounko, D.Yu., Perezlara, C.E., Perry, J., Petti, R., Phipps, M., Pinkenburg, C., Pinson, R., Pisani, R.P., Potekhin, M., Proissl, M., Pun, A., Purschke, M.L., Qu, H., Radzevich, P.V., Rak, J., Ramasubramanian, N., Ramson, B.J., Ravinovich, I., Read, K.F., Rembeczki, S., Reygers, K., Reynolds, D., Riabov, V., Riabov, Y., Richardson, E., Richford, D., Rinn, T., Roach, D., Roche, G., Rolnick, S.D., Rosati, M., Rosendahl, S.S.E., Rosen, C.A., Rowan, Z., Ružička, P., Rubin, J.G., Runchey, J., Safonov, A.S., Sahlmueller, B., Saito, N., Sakaguchi, T., Sakashita, K., Sako, H., Samsonov, V., Sano, S., Sarsour, M., Sato, S., Sato, T., Sawada, S., Schaefer, B., Schmoll, B.K., Sedgwick, K., Seele, J., Seidl, R., Sen, A., Seto, R., Sett, P., Sexton, A., Sharma, D., Shein, I., Shibata, M., Shibata, T.-A., Shigaki, K., Shimomura, M., Shioya, T., Shoji, K., Shukla, P., Sickles, A., Silva, C.L., Silvermyr, D., Silvestre, C., Sim, K.S., Singh, B.K., Singh, C.P., Singh, V., Slunečka, M., Smith, Krista Lizbeth, Snowball, M., Soltz, R.A., Sondheim, W.E., Sorensen, S.P., Sourikova, I.V., Stankus, P.W., Stenlund, E., Stepanov, M., Stoll, S.P., Sugitate, T., Sukhanov, A., Sumita, T., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Sziklai, J., Takagui, E.M., Takahama, R., Taketani, A., Tanabe, R., Tanaka, Y., Taneja, S., Tanida, K., Tannenbaum, M.J., Tarafdar, S., Taranenko, A., Tarnai, G., Themann, H., Thomas, D., Thomas, T.L., Tieulent, R., Timilsina, A., Todoroki, T., Togawa, M., Toia, A., Tomášek, L., Tomášek, M., Torii, H., Towell, C.L., Towell, R., Towell, R.S., Tserruya, I., Tsuchimoto, Y., Ueda, Y., Ujvari, B., Vértesi, R., Vale, C., Valle, H., van Hecke, H.W., Vazquez-Zambrano, E., Veicht, A., Velkovska, J., Virius, M., Vrba, V., Vukman, N., Vznuzdaev, E., Wang, X.R., Watanabe, D., Watanabe, K., Watanabe, Y., Watanabe, Y.S., Wei, F., Wei, R., Wessels, J., White, A.S., White, S.N., Winter, D., Wong, C.P., Woody, C.L., Wright, R.M., Wysocki, M., Xia, B., Xue, L., Xu, C., Xu, Q., Yalcin, S., Yamaguchi, Y.L., Yamamoto, H., Yamaura, K., Yang, R., Yanovich, A., Ying, J., Yokkaichi, S., Yoon, I., Yoo, J.H., Young, G.R., Younus, I., You, Z., Yushmanov, I.E., Yu, H., Zajc, W.A., Zelenski, A., Zharko, S., Zhou, S., Zou, L., Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and PHENIX
- Subjects
deuteron nucleus: scattering ,pi0: production ,Cronin effect ,FOS: Physical sciences ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,High Energy Physics - Experiment ,hard scattering ,High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,[PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex] ,multiplicity ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,peripheral ,initial state ,impact parameter ,Nuclear Experiment ,p nucleus: scattering ,enhancement ,nuclear matter: effect ,nucleus nucleus: scattering ,suppression ,PHENIX ,correlation ,200 GeV-cms/nucleon ,parton: energy loss ,experimental results - Abstract
The PHENIX collaboration presents a systematic study of $π^0$ production from $p$$+$$p$, $p$$+$Al, $p$$+$Au, $d$$+$Au, and $^{3}$He$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV. Measurements were performed with different centrality selections as well as the total inelastic, 0%--100%, selection for all collision systems. For 0%--100% collisions, the nuclear modification factors, $R_{xA}$, are consistent with unity for $p_T$ above 8 GeV/$c$, but exhibit an enhancement in peripheral collisions and a suppression in central collisions. The enhancement and suppression characteristics are similar for all systems for the same centrality class. It is shown that for high-$p_T$-$π^0$ production, the nucleons in the $d$ and $^3$He interact mostly independently with the Au nucleus and that the counter intuitive centrality dependence is likely due to a physical correlation between multiplicity and the presence of a hard scattering process. These observations disfavor models where parton energy loss has a significant contribution to nuclear modifications in small systems. Nuclear modifications at lower $p_T$ resemble the Cronin effect -- an increase followed by a peak in central or inelastic collisions and a plateau in peripheral collisions. The peak height has a characteristic ordering by system size as $p$$+$Au $>$ $d$$+$Au $>$ $^{3}$He$+$Au $>$ $p$$+$Al. For collisions with Au ions, current calculations based on initial state cold nuclear matter effects result in the opposite order, suggesting the presence of other contributions to nuclear modifications, in particular at lower $p_T$., 554 authors from 81 institutions, 21 pages, 13 figures, and 3 tables. Data from 2008, 2014, and 2015. v2 is version accepted for publication in Physical Review C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.html
- Published
- 2021
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