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1. MedECC 2020 Summary for Policymakers

Author: Cramer, Wolfgang, Guiot, Joel, Marini, Katarzyna, Azzopardi, Brian, Balzan, Mario V, Cherif, Semia, Doblas-Miranda, Enrique, Santos, Maria José Palma Lampreia Dos, Drobinski, Philippe, Fader, Marianela, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, Giupponi, Carlo, Koubi, Vassiliki, Lange, Manfred, Lionello, Piero, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Moncada, Stefano, Mrabet, Rachid, Paz, Shlomit, Savé, Robert, Snoussi, Maria, Toreti, Andrea, Vafeidis, Athanasios T., Xoplaki, Elena, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC), Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Malta Council for Science and Technology, Institut supérieur des sciences biologiques appliquées de Tunis = Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change, Federal Institute of Hydrology, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento [Lecce], Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Islands and Small States Institute, University of Malta, Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Maroc] (INRA Maroc), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Faculté des Sciences de Rabat, Université Mohammed V, Rabat, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Geography, Christian-Albrechts University, Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K, and Mediterranean Experts on Climate and Environmental change
Subjects: Anthropogenic changes, Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Environmental change
Abstract: ISBN: 978-2-9577416-0-1; International audience; Virtually all sub-regions of the Mediterranean Basin, on land and in the sea, are impacted by recent anthropogenic changes in the environment. The main drivers of change include climate (temperature, precipitation, atmospheric circulation, extreme events, sea-level rise, sea water temperature, salinity and acidification), population increase, pollution, unsustainable land and sea use practices and non-indigenous species. In most areas, both natural ecosystems and human livelihoods are affected. Due to global and regional trends in the drivers, impacts will be exacerbated in the coming decades, especially if global warming exceeds 1.5 to 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Significantly enhanced efforts are needed in order to adapt to inevitable changes, mitigate change drivers and increase resilience.
Published: 2021

2. In: Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report

Author: Wolfgang, Cramer, Joël, Guiot, Katarzyna, Marini, Brian, Azzopardi, Mario, V Balzan, Semia, Cherif, Enrique, Doblas-Miranda, Maria dos Santos, Philippe, Drobinski, Marianela, Fader, Abed El Rahman Hassoun, Giupponi, Carlo, Vassiliki, Koubi, Manfred, Lange, Piero, Lionello, Maria Carmen Llasat, Stefano, Moncada, Rachid, Mrabet, Shlomit, Paz, Robert, Savé, Maria, Snoussi, Andrea, Toreti, Vafeidis, Athanasios T., Elena, Xoplaki, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MedECC Secretariat, Plan Bleu, France (MedECC), Malta College of Arts, Science and Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Malta Council for Science and Technology, Institut supérieur des sciences biologiques appliquées de Tunis = Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change, Federal Institute of Hydrology, National Council for Scientific Research = Conseil national de la recherche scientifique du Liban [Lebanon] (CNRS-L), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento [Lecce], University of Salento [Lecce], Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, University of Malta [Malta], Islands and Small States Institute (ISSI), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Maroc] (INRA Maroc), Department of Geography and Environmental Studies [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Coastal Risks & Sea-level Rise Research Group (CRSLR), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Union for the Mediterranean (UfM) thanks to the financial support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), United Nations Environment Programme / Mediterranean Action, Plan Bleu (Regional Activity Center of UNEP/MAP), Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Principality of Monaco, [Cramer W, Guiot J, Marini K (eds.)], and Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA)
Subjects: Settore BIO/07 - Ecologia, Anthropogenic changes, Climate, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Settore SECS-P/06 - Economia Applicata, Environmental change
Abstract: International audience; Virtually all sub-regions of the Mediterranean Basin, on land and in the sea, are impacted by recent anthropogenic changes in the environment. The main drivers of change include climate (temperature, precipitation, atmospheric circulation, extreme events, sea-level rise, sea water temperature, salinity and acidification), population increase, pollution, unsustainable land and sea use practices and non-indigenous species. In most areas, both natural ecosystems and human livelihoods are affected. Due to global and regional trends in the drivers, impacts will be exacerbated in the coming decades, especially if global warming exceeds 1.5 to 2°C above the pre-industrial level. Significantly enhanced efforts are needed in order to adapt to inevitable changes, mitigate change drivers and increase resilience.
Published: 2020

3. The second ACTRIS inter-comparison (2016) for Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM): Calibration protocols and instrument performance evaluations

Author: David C. Green, Jean Sciare, Evelyn Freney, François Truong, Jean-Eudes Petit, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Olivier Favez, Harald Flentje, Philip Croteau, Vincent Crenn, Nicola Zanca, Minna Aurela, C. Carbone, André S. H. Prévôt, Iasonas Stavroulas, Yunjiang Zhang, Aikaterini Bougiatioti, Max Priestman, Marek Maasikmets, Valérie Gros, Tarvo Arumae, Esther Coz, Leah R. Williams, Alfred Wiedensohler, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Tanguy Amodeo, Jeni Vasilescu, Thomas Elste, Anna Tobler, Manjula R. Canagaratna, María Cruz Minguillón, Begoña Artíñano, Hartmut Herrmann, Andrés Alastuey, Nicolas Bonnaire, Laurent Poulain, Liine Heikkinen, Luminita Marmureanu, John T. Jayne, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Alastuey, Andrés [0000-0002-5453-5495], Minguillón, María Cruz [0000-0002-5464-0391], Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Aerodyne Research Inc., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development (IERSD), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas [Madrid] (CIEMAT), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), King‘s College London, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), Estonian Environmental Research Center, Tallinn, Estonia, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Alastuey, Andrés, Minguillón, María Cruz, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, and INAR Physics
Subjects: Research program, SUBMICRON AEROSOLS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, EFFICIENCIES, 116 Chemical sciences, Library science, 010501 environmental sciences, 114 Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Data treatment, Air quality monitoring, CHEMISTRY, Political science, Environmental Chemistry, media_common.cataloged_instance, General Materials Science, Cost action, Environmental impact assessment, AMS, FIELD, European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aerosols, Chemical speciation, Water-soluble ions, Pollution, 13. Climate action, ORIGINS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Jim Smith, Christian ministry, Haze, Particulate matter
Abstract: This work describes results obtained from the 2016 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) intercomparison exercise performed at the Aerosol Chemical Monitor Calibration Center (ACMCC, France). Fifteen quadrupole ACSMs (Q_ACSM) from the European Research Infrastructure for the observation of Aerosols, Clouds and Trace gases (ACTRIS) network were calibrated using a new procedure that acquires calibration data under the same operating conditions as those used during sampling and hence gets information representative of instrument performance. The new calibration procedure notably resulted in a decrease in the spread of the measured sulfate mass concentrations, improving the reproducibility of inorganic species measurements between ACSMs as well as the consistency with co-located independent instruments. Tested calibration procedures also allowed for the investigation of artifacts in individual instruments, such as the overestimation of m/z 44 from organic aerosol. This effect was quantified by the m/z (mass-to-charge) 44 to nitrate ratio measured during ammonium nitrate calibrations, with values ranging from 0.03 to 0.26, showing that it can be significant for some instruments. The fragmentation table correction previously proposed to account for this artifact was applied to the measurements acquired during this study. For some instruments (those with high artifacts), this fragmentation table adjustment led to an “overcorrection” of the f44 (m/z 44/Org) signal. This correction based on measurements made with pure NH4NO3, assumes that the magnitude of the artifact is independent of chemical composition. Using data acquired at different NH4NO3 mixing ratios (from solutions of NH4NO3 and (NH4)2SO4) we observe that the magnitude of the artifact varies as a function of composition. Here we applied an updated correction, dependent on the ambient NO3 mass fraction, which resulted in an improved agreement in organic signal among instruments. This work illustrates the benefits of integrating new calibration procedures and artifact corrections, but also highlights the benefits of these intercomparison exercises to continue to improve our knowledge of how these instruments operate, and assist us in interpreting atmospheric chemistry. © 2019, © 2019 Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC., Funding text #1 aLaboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Aubiere, France; bInstitut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; cLaboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; dAerodyne Research, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; eEnvironment Energy and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus; fEstonian Environmental Research Center (EERC), Tallinn, Estonia; gFinnish meteorological institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland; hIERSD, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece; iDepartment of the Environment, Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain; jDeutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany; kInstitute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; lLeibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; mEnvironmental Research Group, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; nInstitute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; oLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI, Switzerland; pNational Institute of R&D for Optoelectronics (INOE), Ilfov, Romania; qProambiente S.c.r.l CNR Research Area, Bologna, Italy Funding text #2 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109. The US Department of Energy Small Business Innovative Research program (award number DE-SC0017041) provided support for development of ACSM calibration procedures. CNRS, CEA, and INERIS are acknowledged for financial support of the ACMCC. The intercomparison campaign and the following data treatment have been conducted in collaboration with the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA), funded by the French Ministry of Environment. COST action CA16109 Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of fine aerosoLs COLOSSAL grant is gratefully acknowledged for the support of data workshops. M.C. Minguillón acknowledges the Ramón y Cajal fellowship awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. The CIEMAT participation has been partially funded by MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE (CGL2017-85344-R and CGL2017-90884-REDT) and TIGAS-CM (Y2018/EMT- 5177) Project. PSI is grateful for financial support by the Federal Office for the Environment in Switzerland.
Published: 2019

4. Aerosol-Cloud Closure Study on Cloud Optical Properties using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Measurements during a BACCHUS Field Campaign in Cyprus

Author: R. Calmer, G. C. Roberts, K. J. Sanchez, J. Sciare, K. Sellegri, D. Picard, M. Vrekoussis, M. Pikridas, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), European Project: 603445,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,BACCHUS(2013), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: optical properties, Atmospheric Science, Pyranometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, aerosol, UAV, drone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Downwelling, Cloud base, Cloud condensation nuclei, cloud, Shortwave radiation, Adiabatic process, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Entrainment (meteorology), lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, ChArMEx, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: In the framework of the EU-FP7 BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) project, an intensive field campaign was performed in Cyprus (March 2015). Remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS), ground-based instruments, and remote-sensing observations were operating in parallel to provide an integrated characterization of aerosol–cloud interactions. Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) were equipped with a five-hole probe, pyranometers, pressure, temperature and humidity sensors, and measured vertical wind at cloud base and cloud optical properties of a stratocumulus layer. Ground-based measurements of dry aerosol size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei spectra, and RPA observations of updraft and meteorological state parameters are used here to initialize an aerosol–cloud parcel model (ACPM) and compare the in situ observations of cloud optical properties measured by the RPA to those simulated in the ACPM. Two different cases are studied with the ACPM, including an adiabatic case and an entrainment case, in which the in-cloud temperature profile from RPA is taken into account. Adiabatic ACPM simulation yields cloud droplet number concentrations at cloud base (approximately 400 cm−3) that are similar to those derived from a Hoppel minimum analysis. Cloud optical properties have been inferred using the transmitted fraction of shortwave radiation profile measured by downwelling and upwelling pyranometers mounted on a RPA, and the observed transmitted fraction of solar radiation is then compared to simulations from the ACPM. ACPM simulations and RPA observations shows better agreement when associated with entrainment compared to that of an adiabatic case. The mean difference between observed and adiabatic profiles of transmitted fraction of solar radiation is 0.12, while this difference is only 0.03 between observed and entrainment profiles. A sensitivity calculation is then conducted to quantify the relative impacts of 2-fold changes in aerosol concentration, and updraft to highlight the importance of accounting for the impact of entrainment in deriving cloud optical properties, as well as the ability of RPAs to leverage ground-based observations for studying aerosol–cloud interactions.
Published: 2019

5. Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen Derived from Global Model Simulations and from Satellite Observations

Author: Kanakidou, Maria, Daskalakis, Nikos, Hilboll, Andreas, Richter, Andreas, Myriokefalitakis, Stelios, Sfakianaki, Maria, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Burrows, John P., Clarisse, Lieven, Damme, Martin Van, Coheur, Pierre-François, Clerbaux, Cathy, Cardon, Catherine, Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Reactive nitrogen is a key nutrient and its availability in the environment, together with other nutrients’ availability, is controlling ecosystem productivity. The latter is linked to carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere by the marine and terrestrial ecosystems and to food production. Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds has positive and negative impacts to ecosystems leading to fertilization or acidification and accumulation of excess nutrients, respectively. Several areas of the globe are estimated to be subject to high fluxes of deposited reactive nitrogen. However, model estimates are associated with high uncertainties. The present study aims to reduce these uncertainties and increase the robustness of nitrogen atmospheric deposition flux estimates. Knowledge on the global present-day atmospheric deposition fluxes of reactive nitrogen is here summarized, accounting both for the oxygenated and reduced species as well as for the organic fraction of reactive nitrogen that has been, until recently, neglected. The global 3-dimensional atmospheric chemistry transport model TM4-ECPL that accounts for multiphase chemistry, all major aerosol components and a very comprehensive atmospheric nitrogen cycle including organic nitrogen (Kanakidou et al., 2016) is here used in conjunction with satellite observations. The meteorology in this off-line model is taken from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA-interim reanalysis products. The simulated nitrogen deposition fluxes have been successfully evaluated against surface observations. For the present study, satellite observations of NO2 and NH3 from the GOME-2, TROPOMI and IASI instruments are further used to evaluate model results. Atmospheric deposition fluxes derived from the satellite observations are compared with the simulated fluxes. Regions where significant improvements are achieved by reconciling model results and satellite observations are highlighted. The implications of the findings for the marine ecosystem functioning (Kanakidou et al., 2018) are discussed and put in perspective based on recent ocean biogeochemical modeling of the response of the oceans with regard to carbon sequestration and nitrous oxide emissions to the atmospheric inputs of nitrogen (Jickells et al., 2017).Kanakidou M., et al, Past, Present and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (JAS-D-15-0278) 73, 2039-2047, 2016.Kanakidou M., et al., Aerosols in atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles of nutrients, Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 063004, doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aabcdb , 2018.Jickells, T. D., et al., A reevaluation of the magnitude and impacts of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen inputs on the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 31, doi:10.1002/2016GB005586, 2017.
Published: 2019

6. Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

Author: Joel Guiot, Maria Snoussi, Ana Iglesias, Michael N. Tsimplis, Manfred A. Lange, Elena Xoplaki, Jean-Pierre Gattuso, Joaquim Garrabou, Maria Carmen Llasat, Marianela Fader, Shlomit Paz, Josep Peñuelas, Andrea Toreti, Wolfgang Cramer, Piero Lionello, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid] (UC3M), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Department of Physics [Lecce], Università del Salento [Lecce], Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Department of Geography, Justus-Liebig- University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Mohamed V, Rabat, School of Law, Hong Kong City University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [Madrid], Cramer, Wolfgang, Guiot, Joël, Fader, Marianela, Garrabou, Joaquim, Gattuso, Jean-Pierre, Iglesias, Ana, Lange, Manfred A., Lionello, Piero, Llasat, Maria Carmen, Paz, Shlomit, Peñuelas, Josep, Snoussi, Maria, Toreti, Andrea, Tsimplis, Michael N., and Xoplaki, Elena
Subjects: Water resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Paris Agreement, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Ecosystem services, Environmental impact, Change Projections, Environmental impact assessment, Region, Global Change, Change Impacts, Environmental planning, Sea-Level Rise, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sustainable development, Land use, business.industry, Ocean Acidification, Water, Agriculture, Heat Waves, Europe, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, business, Climate-change impacts, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Cramer, Wolfgang ... et al.-- 9 pages, 3 figures, Recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin that are caused by the combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. For five broad and interconnected impact domains (water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current change and future scenarios consistently point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate these risks and consider adaptation options, but currently lack adequate information — particularly for the most vulnerable southern Mediterranean societies, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based. A dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway and aims to provide a better understanding of the combined risks posed, Coordination was supported by the Laboratory of Excellence OT-Med (A*MIdex project no. 11-IDEX-0001-02)
Published: 2018

7. Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign

Author: M. Mallet, F. Dulac, P. Formenti, P. Nabat, J. Sciare, G. Roberts, J. Pelon, G. Ancellet, D. Tanré, F. Parol, C. Denjean, G. Brogniez, A. di Sarra, L. Alados-Arboledas, J. Arndt, F. Auriol, L. Blarel, T. Bourrianne, P. Chazette, S. Chevaillier, M. Claeys, B. D'Anna, Y. Derimian, K. Desboeufs, T. Di Iorio, J.-F. Doussin, P. Durand, A. Féron, E. Freney, C. Gaimoz, P. Goloub, J. L. Gómez-Amo, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, N. Grand, E. Hamonou, I. Jankowiak, M. Jeannot, J.-F. Léon, M. Maillé, S. Mailler, D. Meloni, L. Menut, G. Momboisse, J. Nicolas, T. Podvin, V. Pont, G. Rea, J.-B. Renard, L. Roblou, K. Schepanski, A. Schwarzenboeck, K. Sellegri, M. Sicard, F. Solmon, S. Somot, B. Torres, J. Totems, S. Triquet, N. Verdier, C. Verwaerde, F. Waquet, J. Wenger, P. Zapf, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Earth Observations and Analyses, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Granada], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Chemistry [Cork], University College Cork (UCC), Environmental Research Institute [Cork] (ERI), Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Interactions Aérosols Rayonnement (IAR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Italian National agency for new technologies, Energy and sustainable economic development [Frascati] (ENEA), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Remote Sensing Laboratory [Barcelona] (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), ADEME, CEA, CNRS-INSU, Météo-France, Collectivité Territoriale de Corse, CNES, Italian Ministry for University and Research, 7th Framework Programme under the project ACTRIS, ANR-11-BS56-0006,ADRIMED,Impact du forçage radiatif direct des aérosols sur le climat Méditerranéen.(2011), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Agenzia Nazionale per le nuove Tecnologie, l’energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile = Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Meloni, D., Di Iorio, T., and Di Sarra, A.
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Atmospheric Science, Atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Mediterranean, Aerosols atmosfèrics, Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, 010501 environmental sciences, Mineral dust, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, Mediterranean sea, Radiative transfer, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Aerosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Single-scattering albedo, [CHIM.CATA]Chemical Sciences/Catalysis, Radiative forcing, Atmospheric aerosols, lcsh:QC1-999, AERONET, Chemistry-climate interactions, Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Teledetecció [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], lcsh:QD1-999, Química atmosfèrica, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, ChArMEx, Atmospheric Chemistry, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx; http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr) is a collaborative research program federating international activities to investigate Mediterranean regional chemistry-climate interactions. A special observing period (SOP-1a) including intensive airborne measurements was performed in the framework of the Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact on the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region (ADRIMED) project during the Mediterranean dry season over the western and central Mediterranean basins, with a focus on aerosol-radiation measurements and their modeling. The SOP-1a took place from 11 June to 5 July 2013. Airborne measurements were made by both the ATR-42 and F-20 French research aircraft operated from Sardinia (Italy) and instrumented for in situ and remote-sensing measurements, respectively, and by sounding and drifting balloons, launched in Minorca. The experimental setup also involved several ground-based measurement sites on islands including two ground-based reference stations in Corsica and Lampedusa and secondary monitoring sites in Minorca and Sicily. Additional measurements including lidar profiling were also performed on alert during aircraft operations at EARLINET/ACTRIS stations at Granada and Barcelona in Spain, and in southern Italy. Remote-sensing aerosol products from satellites (MSG/SEVIRI, MODIS) and from the AERONET/PHOTONS network were also used. Dedicated meso-scale and regional modeling experiments were performed in relation to this observational effort. We provide here an overview of the different surface and aircraft observations deployed during the ChArMEx/ADRIMED period and of associated modeling studies together with an analysis of the synoptic conditions that determined the aerosol emission and transport. Meteorological conditions observed during this campaign (moderate temperatures and southern flows) were not favorable to producing high levels of atmospheric pollutants or intense biomass burning events in the region. However, numerous mineral dust plumes were observed during the campaign, with the main sources located in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, leading to aerosol optical depth (AOD) values ranging between 0.2 and 0.6 (at 440 nm) over the western and central Mediterranean basins. One important point of this experiment concerns the direct observations of aerosol extinction onboard the ATR-42, using the CAPS system, showing local maxima reaching up to 150Mm(-1) within the dust plume. Non-negligible aerosol extinction (about 50Mm(-1)) has also been observed within the marine boundary layer (MBL). By combining the ATR- 42 extinction coefficient observations with absorption and scattering measurements, we performed a complete optical closure revealing excellent agreement with estimated optical properties. This additional information on extinction properties has allowed calculation of the dust single scattering albedo (SSA) with a high level of confidence over the western Mediterranean. Our results show a moderate variability from 0.90 to 1.00 (at 530 nm) for all flights studied compared to that reported in the literature on this optical parameter. Our results underline also a relatively low difference in SSA with values derived near dust sources. In parallel, active remote-sensing observations from the surface and onboard the F-20 aircraft suggest a complex vertical structure of particles and distinct aerosol layers with sea spray and pollution located within the MBL, and mineral dust and/or aged North American smoke particles located above (up to 6–7 km in altitude). Aircraft and balloon-borne observations allow one to investigate the vertical structure of the aerosol size distribution showing particles characterized by a large size (> 10 μm in diameter) within dust plumes. In most of cases, a coarse mode characterized by an effective diameter ranging between 5 and 10 μm, has been detected above the MBL. In terms of shortwave (SW) direct forcing, in situ surface and aircraft observations have been merged and used as inputs in 1-D radiative transfer codes for calculating the aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF). Results show significant surface SW instantaneous forcing (up to (-90)Wm(-2) at noon). Aircraft observations provide also original estimates of the vertical structure of SW and LW radiative heating revealing significant instantaneous values of about 5 K per day in the solar spectrum (for a solar angle of 30 ) within the dust layer. Associated 3-D modeling studies from regional climate (RCM) and chemistry transport (CTM) models indicate a relatively good agreement for simulated AOD compared with observations from the AERONET/PHOTONS network and satellite data, especially for long-range dust transport. Calculations of the 3-D SW (clear-sky) surface DRF indicate an average of about -10 to -20Wm(-2) (for the whole period) over the Mediterranean Sea together with maxima (-50Wm(-2)) over northern Africa. The top of the atmosphere (TOA) DRF is shown to be highly variable within the domain, due to moderate absorbing properties of dust and changes in the surface albedo. Indeed, 3-D simulations indicate negative forcing over the Mediterranean Sea and Europe and positive forcing over northern Africa. Finally, a multiyear simulation, performed for the 2003 to 2009 period and including an ocean–atmosphere (O–A) coupling, underlines the impact of the aerosol direct radiative forcing on the sea surface temperature, O–A fluxes and the hydrological cycle over the Mediterranean., French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-11-BS56-0006, ADEME, French Atomic Energy Commission, CNRS-INSU and Meteo-France through the multidisciplinary programme MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies aT Regional And Local Scales), CORSiCA project - Collectivite Territoriale de Corse through Fonds Europeen de Developpement Regional of the European Operational Program, Contrat de Plan Etat-Region, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 654169, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity TEC2012-34575, Science and Innovation UNPC10-4E-442, European Union (EU), Department of Economy and Knowledge of the Catalan Autonomous Government SGR 583, Andalusian Regional Government P12-RNM-2409, Spanish Government CGL2013-45410-R 262254
Published: 2016

8. Modelling concentrations and properties of secondary aerosols in the Western Mediterranean

Author: Mounir Chrit, Karine Sartelet, Jean Sciare, Nicolas Marchand, Evelyne Freney, Nicolas, Jose B., Karine Sellegri, Marwa Majdi, Florian Couvidat, Matthias Beekmann, François Dulac, Jorge Pey, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Civs, Gestionnaire
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Mediterranean basin is among one of the areas that can be most sensitive to climate change (Giorgi et al, 2006). This fact, along with the population density around this basin, the high burden in aerosol concentration that the basin experiences throughout the year and the increasing projections for shipping emissions in the future make it an important area to explore. While the organic aerosol can have an important impact on the local and also the regional air quality presently and in the future, the simulation of this aerosol in the western part of the Mediterranean basin is a subject that has not been studied thoroughly for present conditions and has been studied even less for the future. The present work consists of two phases. The first phase explores existing climatic runs performed with CHIMERE chemistry transport model with climate inputs corresponding to RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 during the French PRIMEQUAL Salut’air project; with a focus on the Mediterranean basin and the changes that these scenarios induce in the concentration of particulate matter and especially organic aerosols. The effects of boundary conditions, and anthropogenic emission changes are assessed. Major driving climate variables affecting organic and fine aerosol levels over the basin are identified. During the second phase, sensitivity runs of the RCP4.5 scenario are performed, in which three different aerosol models are used, including a VBS scheme with and without biogenic aging (Robinson et al. 2007, Lane et al. 2008), and a modified VBS scheme containing fragmentation and formation of non-volatile organic aerosols (Shrivastava et al., 2013). These schemes have been previously compared to measurements obtained during the MISTRAL / CHARMEX summer 2013 campaign (Cholakian, 2017, in preparation). 10 years of historic and years 10 future runs have been performed, and a specific method allows chosing years maximizing the temperature and organic aerosol differences between past and future runs. This allows assessing the climate sensitivity of different organic aerosol schemes. This is a new and complex topic, as organic aerosol formation depends on several parameters (temperature playing on biogenic VOC emissions and phase partition of semi-volatile compounds, winds impacting advection, and precipitation impacting aerosol removal) and their representation in a model.
Published: 2018

9. Long-term measurements of the chemistry and sources of submicron aerosols at SIRTA in Paris area, France

Author: Zhang, Yunjiang, Favez, Olivier, Albinet, Alexandre, Canonaco, Francesco, Truong, François, Amodeo, Tanguy, Prevot, André, Sciare, Jean, Gros, Valérie, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric submicron aerosol particles (PM1, aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 μm) are of major concern for air quality. PM1 also have potential impacts upon global climate change and ecosystems. However, the impacts remain highly uncertain, mainly due to their complex chemical processes, various sources, and the interactions between meteorology and atmospheric aerosols. In the last decade, many studies have investigated the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols worldwide using online instrumentation. However, there is a lack of longterm ambient measurements (e.g. >5 years) for a better understanding on the sources and formation mechanisms of PM1. This is especially needed for policy makers to elaborate and evaluate efficient air pollution control strategies, and for modellers to validate and improve model simulations. We have been performing multi-year in-situ measurements with real-time on-line instruments, including an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) (Ng et al., 2011), and a 7-wavelength Aethalometer (Drinovec et al., 2015) at SIRTA station since mid-2011. These measurements are part of the European ACTRIS and ACTRIS-2 research programs. SIRTA is located about 25 km South-West of Paris city centre. The PM1 non-refractory chemical components (NR-PM1), i.e., organic aerosol (OA), nitrate, sulphate, ammonium, and chloride, as well as black carbon (BC) were measured by the ACSM and Aethalometer, respectively. BC sources were identified using the Aethalometer model (Sandradewi et al. 2008). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) with the multi-linear engine (ME-2) was performed using the Source Finder (SoFi) (Canonaco et al., 2013) for OA source apportionment (e.g., Fig. 1). Finally, combining with the potential source contribution function (PSCF), we evaluated the possibility of geographical sources of PM1 at SIRTA. We investigate the annual, seasonal, monthly, weekly (e.g., Fig. 1 and 2), and diurnal variations of various sources contributing to PM1 mass loadings, including primary sources (e.g., traffic and wood burning emissions) and secondary formation (from anthropogenic and biogenic related sources).
Published: 2017

10. Global change impact on oxidative potential and toxicity of atmospheric particles from the East Mediterranean basin: the ARCHIMEDES initiative

Author: Alleman, Laurent, Anthérieu, Sébastien, Baezan-Squiban, Armelle, Garçon, Guillaume, Lo Guidice, Jean-Marc, Hamonou, Eric, Öztürk, Fatma, Perdrix, Esperanza, Rudich, Yinon, Sciare, Jean, Sauvage, Stéphane, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine (IMPECS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Abant Izzet Baysal University, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Gif-sur-Yvette, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), EA3609, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Faculté de pharmacie de Lille, Université de Lille, Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Impact de l'environnement chimique sur la santé humaine - ULR 4483 (IMPECS), Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Abant Izzet Baysal University - Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Climate change (CC) has important social, economical and health implications, notably in accordance with variation in air pollution or microbiome modification and its related toxicity mechanisms. CC will have a strong influence on meteorology, inducing dryer and warmer conditions in some regions. The Mediterranean basin is foreseen as a hotspot for regional climate warming, favoring larger dust episodes, wild fire events, vegetation emissions and changes in air pollution physic-chemical characteristics due to enhanced photochemical reactivity. Increasing concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone, and radicals will be associated with rising concentrations of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and other oxidized aerosols. These expected changes in aerosol composition are currently studied within the international ChArMEx (Chemistry-aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) program, part of the interdisciplinary MISTRALS metaprogramme (Mediterranean Integrated STudies at Regional And Local Scales). According to the LIFE/MED-PARTICLES (LIFE) project, this might result in more adverse effects on health. However, toxicologists are far from having a detailed mechanistic knowledge of the quantitative causal relations between particles (PM) and health effects suggested by epidemiological evidences. Detailed toxicological studies looking at contrasted PM origins and chemical compositions are highly needed, particularly on strongly aged SOA suspected to increase the oxidative potential (OP) and to enhance the toxicity of airborne particles. Intensive researches onto the underlying mechanisms of inflammation started to describe the outlines of the intricate relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. It is therefore, of great importance to better determine the OP of PM from contrasted surroundings, its relationship with CC through PM's physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, and its toxicological consequences within the lungs. Recently, several projects under the ARCHIMEDES (Envi-MED funded) initiative including various research groups from Eastern Mediterranean countries have been submitted to French research calls. Their objectives are to develop an integrated testing strategy (ITS) through a combination of high throughput screening (HTS) methods based on acellular and lung cellular systems evaluating the respective OP (DTT, ascorbic acid and GSH depletion, DCFH oxidation) of various PM samples according to their origins in terms of sources and CC forecast. In order to ensure significant variability in ageing of the size segregated PM (fine, coarse) tested, samples from both northern (France) and southern countries (Cyprus, Israel, Turkey) should be collected at different seasons and site typologies, searching for various compositions and mixing states in SOA (biogenic, anthropogenic), metals and PAHs. These projects will combine relevant chemical, microbiological (DNA extract) and toxicological experiments (transcriptome, epigenome and secretome). A joint toxicological analysis related to their harmful effects on relevant oxidative (ATP, TAS, GSH/GSSG, gammaH2AX), inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic endpoints within novel tissue-engineering tools will help in recapturing the native lung environment ex vivo. In the CC context, such projects will help to (1) better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PM toxicity, (2) detect and predict their respiratory effects, (3) better comprehend the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics and the toxicological effects of PM, (4) provide innovative biomarkers that could be subsequently validated in humans and thereby contribute to the predictive toxicology.
Published: 2017

11. Field characterization of the PM2.5 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor : insights into the composition, sources, and processes of fine particles in eastern China

Author: Zhang, Yunjiang, Tang, Lili, Croteau, Philip, Favez, Olivier, Sun, Yele, Canagaratna, Manjula, Wang, Zhuang, Couvidat, Florian, Albinet, Alexandre, Zhang, Hongliang, Sciare, Jean, Prevot, André S.H., Jayne, John, Worsnop, Douglas, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aerodyne Research Inc., Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, complex mixtures
Abstract: A PM2.5-capable aerosol chemical speciation monitor (Q-ACSM) was deployed in urban Nanjing, China, for the first time to measure in situ non-refractory fine particle (NR-PM2.5) composition from 20 October to 19 November 2015, along with parallel measurements of submicron aerosol (PM1) species by a standard Q-ACSM. Our results show that the NR-PM2.5 species (organics, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) measured by the PM2.5-Q-ACSM are highly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with those measured by a Sunset Lab OC / EC analyzer and a Monitor for AeRosols and GAses (MARGA). The comparisons between the two Q-ACSMs illustrated similar temporal variations in all NR species between PM1 and PM2.5, yet substantial mass fractions of aerosol species were observed in the size range of 1–2.5 µm. On average, NR-PM1−2.5 contributed 53 % of the total NR-PM2.5, with sulfate and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) being the two largest contributors (26 and 27 %, respectively). Positive matrix factorization of organic aerosol showed similar temporal variations in both primary and secondary OAs between PM1 and PM2.5, although the mass spectra were slightly different due to more thermal decomposition on the capture vaporizer of the PM2.5-Q-ACSM. We observed an enhancement of SOA under high relative humidity conditions, which is associated with simultaneous increases in aerosol pH, gas-phase species (NO2, SO2, and NH3) concentrations and aerosol water content driven by secondary inorganic aerosols. These results likely indicate an enhanced reactive uptake of SOA precursors upon aqueous particles. Therefore, reducing anthropogenic NOx, SO2, and NH3 emissions might not only reduce secondary inorganic aerosols but also the SOA burden during haze episodes in China.
Published: 2017

12. Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Author: Jean Sciare, Karine Sellegri, Greg Roberts, Nicolas Marchand, Jovanna Arndt, John C. Wenger, Robert M. Healy, Marc Mallet, François Dulac, Karine Sartelet, Environmental Research Institute [Cork] (ERI), University College Cork (UCC), Department of Chemistry [Cork], Cyprus Institute (CyI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fine particulate matter, Atmospheric Science, Source apportionment, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Fired power station, Chemical composition, Particle mass spectrometry, Secondary organic aerosol, 010501 environmental sciences, Combustion, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Methanesulfonic acid water, Laser desorption ionization, Mass concentration (chemistry), Sulfate, Sea salt aerosol, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Chemistry, Sea salt, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, Long range transport, Real time, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, ChArMEx, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Particle, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica. Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Ca-rich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and am-monium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5) accounted for 70–90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport. Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particles Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 6976 J. Arndt et al.: Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50–80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5–10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion , were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.
Published: 2017

13. Characterising an intense PM pollution episode in March 2015 in France from multi-site approach and near real time data : Climatology, variabilities, geographical origins and model evaluation

Author: Jean-Eudes Petit, Alexandre Ockler, Olivier Favez, Yann Pellan, Jean Sciare, Benoit Rocq, Tanguy Amodeo, Didier Grenier, Laurent Menut, Valérie Gros, Bertrand Bessagnet, Frédérik Meleux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Air Lorraine, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), ATMO Picardie, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Pollution, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, FRANCE, 010501 environmental sciences, Aethalometer, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, POLLUTION, Urban background, 11. Sustainability, AETHALOMETER, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, Advection, Multi site, AEROSOL, Particulates, AEROSOL CHEMICAL SPECIATION MONITOR, Aerosol, MODEL, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, ACSM, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; During March 2015, a severe and large-scale particulate matter (PM) pollution episode occurred in France. Measurements in near real-time of the major chemical composition at four different urban background sites across the country (Paris, Creil, Metz and Lyon) allowed the investigation of spatiotemporal variabilities during this episode. A climatology approach showed that all sites experienced clear unusual rain shortage, a pattern that is also found on a longer timescale, highlighting the role of synoptic conditions over Wester-Europe. This episode is characterized by a strong predominance of secondary pollution, and more particularly of ammonium nitrate, which accounted for more than 50% of submicron aerosols at all sites during the most intense period of the episode. Pollution advection is illustrated by similar variabilities in Paris and Creil (distant of around 100 km), as well as trajectory analyses applied on nitrate and sulphate. Local sources, especially wood burning, are however found to contribute to local/ regional sub-episodes, notably in Metz. Finally, simulated concentrations from Chemistry-Transport model CHIMERE were compared to observed ones. Results highlighted different patterns depending on the chemical components and the measuring site, reinforcing the need of such exercises over other pollution episodes and sites.
Published: 2017

14. The filter-loading effect by ambient aerosols in filter absorption photometers depends on the coating of the sampled particles

Author: Ágnes Filep, Emily A. Bruns, Griša Močnik, Rajan K. Chakrabarty, Jean-Eudes Petit, Jean Sciare, Luka Drinovec, Robert Wolf, Ian J. Arnold, André S. H. Prévôt, Hans Moosmüller, Asta Gregorič, Olivier Favez, Peter Zotter, Aerosol D.O.O, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ammonium sulfate, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, Aethalometer, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, law, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Carbon black, Photometer, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, engineering
Abstract: Black carbon is a primary aerosol tracer for high-temperature combustion emissions and can be used to characterize the time evolution of its sources. It is correlated with a decrease in public health and contributes to atmospheric warming. Black carbon measurements are usually conducted with absorption filter photometers, which are prone to several artifacts, including the filter-loading effect – a saturation of the instrumental response due to the accumulation of the sample in the filter matrix. In this paper, we investigate the hypothesis that this filter-loading effect depends on the optical properties of particles present in the filter matrix, especially on the black carbon particle coating. We conducted field campaigns in contrasting environments to determine the influence of source characteristics, particle age and coating on the magnitude of the filter-loading effect. High-time-resolution measurements of the filter-loading parameter in filter absorption photometers show daily and seasonal variations of the effect. The variation is most pronounced in the near-infrared region, where the black carbon mass concentration is determined. During winter, the filter-loading parameter value increases with the absorption Ångström exponent. It is suggested that this effect is related to the size of the black carbon particle core as the wood burning (with higher values of the absorption Ångström exponent) produces soot particles with larger diameters. A reduction of the filter-loading effect is correlated with the availability of the coating material. As the coating of ambient aerosols is reduced or removed, the filter-loading parameter increases. Coatings composed of ammonium sulfate and secondary organics seem to be responsible for the variation of the loading effect. The potential source contribution function analysis shows that high values of the filter-loading parameter in the infrared are indicative of local pollution, whereas low values of the filter-loading parameter result from ageing and coating during long-range transport. Our results show that the filter-loading parameter can be used as a proxy for determination of the particle coating, thus allowing for differentiation between local/fresh and transported/aged particles.
Published: 2017

15. Measuring aerosol black carbon age with aethalometers

Author: Drinovec, Luka, Gregoric, A., Zotter, Peter, Wolf, R., Bruns, E.A., Prevot, André S.H., Petit, Jean-Eudes, Favez, Olivier, Sciare, Jean, Arnold, I.J., Chakrabarty, R.K., Moosmuller, H., Filep, A., Mocnik, Grisa, Aerosol D.O.O, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Aerosol mixing state is a parameter influencing optical properties of absorbing particles that is hard to measure. It was proposed that the lensing effect where transparent shell covers the absorbing particle can significantly enhance optical absorption (Bond et al., 2006). Aerosol mixing state can be assessed using advanced mass spectrometers ATOFMS (Healy et al., 2012), and with SP2 for particles with diameters above about 100 nm (Subramanian et al., 2010). Filter-based measurements of aerosol optical absorption are widely used to determine Black Carbon (BC) concentrations in real time. Measurements at multiple wavelengths permit the separation of contributions of BC from different combustion sources (Sandradewi 2008). However, filter-based methods are influenced by the non-linear response due to the »loading« effect, caused by the increasing sample deposit on the filter (Gundel 1984, Weingartner 2003, Arnott 2005, Virkkula 2007).The filterloading effect is the reduction of the filter based photometer sensitivity due to filter loading. It was shown that filter-loading effect differs between locations and seasons with indication that the filter loading effect in Aethalometer relates to the particle coating (Virkkula et al., 2007; Drinovec et al., 2015). Using Aethalometer model AE33 (Magee Scientific) it is possible to measure filter loading parameter k with high time resolution (Drinovec et al., 2015).Influence of coating on the parameter k was investigated both during the ambient and laboratory campaigns.
Published: 2016

16. POMI: A Model Intercomparison exercise over the Po valley

Author: G. M. Riva, A. de Meij, A. Gsella, Marialuisa Volta, Alessandra Balzarini, Bertrand Bessagnet, Guido Pirovano, C. Cuvelier, K. De Ridder, A. Kerschbaumer, Denise Pernigotti, Claudio Carnevale, Emilia Georgieva, Agnes Nyiri, Philippe Wind, Enrico Pisoni, Peter Viaene, Philippe Thunis, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, European Environment Agency (EEA), Energy, Environment and Water Research Centre, Cyprus Institute (CyI), Ricerca sul sistema Energetico, Università degli Studi di Brescia [Brescia], Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Institut für Meteorologie [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek, and Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, PM, OZONE, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, PO VALLEY, AIR QUALITY, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Quality performance, Standard deviation, 13. Climate action, MODEL INTER-COMPARISON, 11. Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Aerodynamic diameter, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A collaborative research project for air pollution reduction was set up in 2006 between the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) and the Authorities of the Lombardy Region in Italy. Among other research activities the PO valley Model Intercomparison exercise (POMI) has been carried out in order to explore the changes in air-quality in response to changes in emissions. The starting point was the evaluation of the simulated particulate matter and ozone against observations for the year 2005 of the six participating Chemical Transport Models’ (CTM). As models were run with the same configuration in terms of spatial resolution, boundary condition, emissions and meteorology, the differences presented in the models’ results should only be related to their formulation. As described in the paper much effort has been put to improve the accuracy of emissions and meteorology. Nevertheless none of the models using the proposed meteorology succeeded to fulfill the performance criteria set in the 2008 Air Quality Directive and in the literature for particulate matter, while also for ozone the results are not very satisfying. Possible explanations for this common behavior and a discussion of the differences among models’ results are presented., JRC.H.2-Air and Climate
Published: 2012

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16 results on '"Cyprus Institute (CyI)"'

1. MedECC 2020 Summary for Policymakers

2. In: Climate and Environmental Change in the Mediterranean Basin – Current Situation and Risks for the Future. First Mediterranean Assessment Report

3. The second ACTRIS inter-comparison (2016) for Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM): Calibration protocols and instrument performance evaluations

4. Aerosol-Cloud Closure Study on Cloud Optical Properties using Remotely Piloted Aircraft Measurements during a BACCHUS Field Campaign in Cyprus

5. Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen Derived from Global Model Simulations and from Satellite Observations

6. Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

7. Overview of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment/Aerosol Direct Radiative Forcing on the Mediterranean Climate (ChArMEx/ADRIMED) summer 2013 campaign

8. Modelling concentrations and properties of secondary aerosols in the Western Mediterranean

9. Long-term measurements of the chemistry and sources of submicron aerosols at SIRTA in Paris area, France

10. Global change impact on oxidative potential and toxicity of atmospheric particles from the East Mediterranean basin: the ARCHIMEDES initiative

11. Field characterization of the PM2.5 Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor : insights into the composition, sources, and processes of fine particles in eastern China

12. Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

13. Characterising an intense PM pollution episode in March 2015 in France from multi-site approach and near real time data : Climatology, variabilities, geographical origins and model evaluation

14. The filter-loading effect by ambient aerosols in filter absorption photometers depends on the coating of the sampled particles

15. Measuring aerosol black carbon age with aethalometers

16. POMI: A Model Intercomparison exercise over the Po valley

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