1. Global modelling of soil carbonyl sulfide exchanges
- Author
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Abadie, Camille, Maignan, Fabienne, Remaud, Marine, Ogée, Jérôme, Campbell, J. Elliott, Whelan, Mary E., Kitz, Florian, Spielmann, Felix M., Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wehr, Richard, Sun, Wu, Raoult, Nina, Seibt, Ulli, Hauglustaine, Didier, Lennartz, Sinikka T., Belviso, Sauveur, Montagne, David, Peylin, Philippe, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sierra Nevada Research Institute, University of California (UC), Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Center for Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry [Billerica], Aerodyne Research Inc., Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), University of Oldenburg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Financial support. This research has been mainly supported by the 4C project of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 framework programme (grant no. 821003) and to a small extent by VERIFY (grant no. 776810). Florian Kitz, Felix M. Spielmann, and Georg Wohlfahrt were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (contract nos. P26931, P27176, P31669, and I03859) and the University of Innsbruck., and The authors thank the reviewers for their insightful and useful comments which helped to improve this study. The authors are very grateful to everyone who participated in field data collection used in this study. We thank Vladislav Bastrikov for providing the ORCHIDAS code. We also acknowledge Nicolas Vuichard for providing the soil bulk density map used in ORCHIDEE simulations. Operation of the US-HA site is supported by the AmeriFlux Management Project with funding by the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science (contract no. DE-AC02- 05CH11231), and additionally it is a part of the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. DEB-1832210). The field campaign at DK-SOR was supported by the Danish ICOS contribution (ICOS/DK) and by the Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. DFF-1323-00182).
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Sulfure de carbonyle ,MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an atmospheric trace gas of interest for C cycle research because COS uptake by continental vegetation is strongly related to terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP), the largest and most uncertain flux in atmospheric CO2 budgets. However, to use atmospheric COS as an additional tracer of GPP, an accurate quantification of COS exchange by soils is also needed. At present, the atmospheric COS budget is unbalanced globally, with total COS flux estimates from oxic and anoxic soils that vary between −409 and −89 GgS yr−1. This uncertainty hampers the use of atmospheric COS concentrations to constrain GPP estimates through atmospheric transport inversions. In this study we implemented a mechanistic soil COS model in the ORCHIDEE (Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surface model to simulate COS fluxes in oxic and anoxic soils. Evaluation of the model against flux measurements at seven sites yields a mean root mean square deviation of 1.6 pmol m−2 s−1, instead of 2 pmol m−2 s−1 when using a previous empirical approach that links soil COS uptake to soil heterotrophic respiration. However, soil COS model evaluation is still limited by the scarcity of observation sites and long-term measurement periods, with all sites located in a latitudinal band between 39 and 62∘ N and no observations during wintertime in this study. The new model predicts that, globally and over the 2009–2016 period, oxic soils act as a net uptake of −126 GgS yr−1 and anoxic soils are a source of +96 GgS yr−1, leading to a global net soil sink of only −30 GgS yr−1, i.e. much smaller than previous estimates. The small magnitude of the soil fluxes suggests that the error in the COS budget is dominated by the much larger fluxes from plants, oceans, and industrial activities. The predicted spatial distribution of soil COS fluxes, with large emissions from oxic (up to 68.2 pmol COS m−2 s−1) and anoxic (up to 36.8 pmol COS m−2 s−1) soils in the tropics, especially in India and in the Sahel region, marginally improves the latitudinal gradient of atmospheric COS concentrations, after transport by the LMDZ (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique) atmospheric transport model. The impact of different soil COS flux representations on the latitudinal gradient of the atmospheric COS concentrations is strongest in the Northern Hemisphere. We also implemented spatiotemporal variations in near-ground atmospheric COS concentrations in the modelling of biospheric COS fluxes, which helped reduce the imbalance of the atmospheric COS budget by lowering soil COS uptake by 10 % and plant COS uptake by 8 % globally (with a revised mean vegetation budget of −576 GgS yr−1 over 2009–2016). Sensitivity analyses highlighted the different parameters to which each soil COS flux model is the most responsive, selected in a parameter optimization framework. Having both vegetation and soil COS fluxes modelled within ORCHIDEE opens the way for using observed ecosystem COS fluxes and larger-scale atmospheric COS mixing ratios to improve the simulated GPP, through data assimilation techniques.
- Published
- 2022