1. Sex‐specific selection on plant architecture through 'budget' and 'direct' effects in experimental populations of the wind‐pollinated herb, Mercurialis annua
- Author
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Patrice David, John R. Pannell, Jeanne Tonnabel, Etienne K. Klein, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), ECOTRON (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
- Subjects
dispersion du pollen ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Biodiversité et Ecologie ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Wind ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Seed Dispersal ,Pollination ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,biology ,Reproduction ,Euphorbiaceae ,food and beverages ,architecture des plantes ,longueur de la tige ,Biological Evolution ,sélection sexuelle ,Inflorescence ,Sexual selection ,male‐male competition ,Pollen ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,taux d'accouplement ,Genotype ,Zoology ,resource allocation ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Models, Biological ,Biodiversity and Ecology ,budget and direct effects ,sexual selection ,sexual dimorphism ,mating system ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,medicine ,inflorescence ,Mercurialis annua ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Mating system ,dimorphisme sexuel ,Sexual dimorphism ,030104 developmental biology ,compétition ,Biological dispersal ,mercurialis - Abstract
International audience; Sexual selection may contribute to the evolution of plant sexual dimorphism by favoring architectural traits in males that improve pollen dispersal to mates. In both sexes, larger individuals may be favored by allowing the allocation of more resources to gamete production (a ‘budget’ effect of size). In wind‐pollinated plants, large size may also benefit males by allowing the liberation pollen from a greater height, fostering its dispersal (a ‘direct’ effect of size). To assess these effects and their implications for trait selection, we measured selection on plant morphology in both males and females of the wind‐pollinated dioecious herb Mercurialis annua in two separate experimental common gardens at contrasting density. In both gardens, selection strongly favored males that disperse their pollen further. Selection for pollen production was observed in the high‐density garden only and was weak. In addition, male morphologies associated with increased mean pollen dispersal differed between the two gardens, as elongated branches were favored in the high‐density garden while shorter plants with longer inflorescence stalks were favored in the low‐density garden. Larger females were selected in both gardens. Our results point to the importance of both a direct effect of selection on male traits that affect pollen dispersal, and, to a lesser extent, a budget effect of selection on pollen production.
- Published
- 2019
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