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3 results on '"University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Semel Institute"'

1. A common X-linked inborn error of carnitine biosynthesis may be a risk factor for nondysmorphic autism

Author

Stephen Sanders, Rui Luo, Patrícia B. S. Celestino-Soper, Frédéric M. Vaz, Ronald J.A. Wanders, Anath C. Lionel, Robin P. Goin-Kochel, Edwin H. Cook, Richard J. Schroer, Arthur L. Beaudet, Roger E. Stevenson, Peter Szatmari, Richard E. Person, Marwan Shinawi, Stephen W. Scherer, Suzanne M. Leal, Kwanghyuk Lee, Ni Huang, Sara Violante, Guiqing Cai, Catalina Betancur, Bekim Sadikovic, Wendy Roberts, Kun Gao, Diane Treadwell-Deering, Daniel H. Geschwind, Chad A. Shaw, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Timothy J. Moss, Bridget A. Fernandez, Elsa Delaby, Emily L. Crawford, Charlene Lo, James S. Sutcliffe, Matthew E. Hurles, Jennifer R. German, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine (BCM), Baylor University-Baylor University, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Disease, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Metabolism and Genetics Group, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-Semel Institute, Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, Hospital for Sick Children-University of Toronto McLaughlin Centre, Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Texas Children's Hospital [Houston, USA], Department of psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto, Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], The Greenwood Genetic Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research-University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Department of pediatrics, The AGRE is a program of Autism Speaks and is supported, in part, by Grant 1U24MH081810 from the National Institute of Mental Health (to Clara M. Lajonchere). Part of this work was supported by Grant SFARI 124827 from the Simons Foundation (to the investigators of the SSC Genetic Consortium) and Grant HD-37283 (to A.L.B) and Grant P30HD-0240640 from the National Institutes of Health. Part of this work was financially supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Lisbon, Portugal, by Grant SFRH/BD/38074/2007 (to. S.V.). Part of this work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 MH061009 and R01 NS049261 (to J.S.S.). Funding for part of this work was provided by the Wellcome Trust under Award 076113 and by Grant 077014/Z/05/Z. Funding for the Paris Autism Research International Sibpair study was provided, in part, by the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Fondation de France, Fondation Orange, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Assistance Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, and the Swedish Science Council., Génétique de l'autisme = Genetics of Autism (NPS-01), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Semel Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Betancur, Catalina, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurosciences Paris Seine (NPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mazalérat, Charlotte

Subjects
Male, Proband, Penetrance, MESH: Cognition, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Mixed Function Oxygenases, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Genes, X-Linked, Risk Factors, MESH: Penetrance, MESH: Risk Factors, Heritability of autism, X chromosome, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Carnitine, Exons, Biological Sciences, MESH: Mixed Function Oxygenases, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.drug, MESH: Metabolism, Inborn Errors, TMLHE, MESH: Autistic Disorder, Biology, MESH: Chromosomes, Human, X, 03 medical and health sciences, Carnitine, medicine, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Autistic Disorder, 030304 developmental biology, Chromosomes, Human, X, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Siblings, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, MESH: Siblings, MESH: Genes, X-Linked, MESH: Gene Deletion, Carnitine biosynthesis, Autism, MESH: Exons, Gene Deletion, Metabolism, Inborn Errors, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

We recently reported a deletion of exon 2 of the trimethyllysine hydroxylase epsilon ( TMLHE ) gene in a proband with autism. TMLHE maps to the X chromosome and encodes the first enzyme in carnitine biosynthesis, 6- N -trimethyllysine dioxygenase. Deletion of exon 2 of TMLHE causes enzyme deficiency, resulting in increased substrate concentration (6- N -trimethyllysine) and decreased product levels (3-hydroxy-6- N -trimethyllysine and γ-butyrobetaine) in plasma and urine. TMLHE deficiency is common in control males (24 in 8,787 or 1 in 366) and was not significantly increased in frequency in probands from simplex autism families (9 in 2,904 or 1 in 323). However, it was 2.82-fold more frequent in probands from male-male multiplex autism families compared with controls (7 in 909 or 1 in 130; P = 0.023). Additionally, six of seven autistic male siblings of probands in male-male multiplex families had the deletion, suggesting that TMLHE deficiency is a risk factor for autism (metaanalysis Z-score = 2.90 and P = 0.0037), although with low penetrance (2–4%). These data suggest that dysregulation of carnitine metabolism may be important in nondysmorphic autism; that abnormalities of carnitine intake, loss, transport, or synthesis may be important in a larger fraction of nondysmorphic autism cases; and that the carnitine pathway may provide a novel target for therapy or prevention of autism.

Published
2012
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2. Foxp2 regulates gene networks implicated in neurite outgrowth in the developing brain

Author

Peter L. Oliver, Simon E. Fisher, Elizabeth Spiteri, Natasha Sahgal, Dilair Baban, Rathi Puliyadi, Ernesto Lowy, Daniel H. Geschwind, Matthias Groszer, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Jiannis Ragoussis, Joses Ho, Kay E. Davies, Cedric Mombereau, Ariel Brewer, Helen Lockstone, Sonja C. Vernes, Jérôme Nicod, Jennifer M. Taylor, Akey, Joshua M, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Medical Research Council Functional Genetics Unit, Program in Neurogenetics, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, University of California-University of California-Semel Institute, Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers 075491 and 080971), the Royal Society (fellowship to SEF), Autism Speaks, the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI, grant number 137593 to SEF), and the Max Planck Society. SCV was supported by the Christopher Welch Biological Sciences Scholarship and the Wellcome Trust V.I.P programme. JN was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship. HEL, NS, JBC, DB and JR were supported by the Wellcome Trust Core Grant Award (grant number 075491/Z/04). MG and CM are supported by the Ecole des Neurosciences de Paris Ile-de-France (ENP) and the Inserm AVENIR programme. This research was supported in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant 5R21MH075028. ES was supported by NIH grant T32GM008243., Autard, Delphine, University of Oxford, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Semel Institute

Subjects
Cancer Research, Messenger, Gene regulatory network, Gene Expression, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Bioinformatics, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Corpus Striatum, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Models, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, MESH: Animals, Developmental, Gene Regulatory Networks, Aetiology, Neurolinguistics, Genetics (clinical), MESH: Gene Regulatory Networks, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Regulation of gene expression, MESH: Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, 0303 health sciences, FOXP2 Gene, Tumor, Rehabilitation, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Brain, FOXP2, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Genomics, MESH: Repressor Proteins, Neurological, Mental health, Functional genomics, Research Article, Biotechnology, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, MESH: Mutation, MESH: Cell Line, Tumor, Neurite, lcsh:QH426-470, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Primary Cell Culture, Biology, Models, Biological, Cell Line, Molecular Genetics, MESH: Primary Cell Culture, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Brain, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Developmental Neuroscience, MESH: Mice, Inbred C57BL, MESH: Forkhead Transcription Factors, Underpinning research, Cell Line, Tumor, Neurites, Genetics, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Gene Networks, Molecular Biology, MESH: Mice, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Messenger, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Human Genome, MESH: Models, Biological, Neurosciences, Biological, MESH: Neurites, Corpus Striatum, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Gene expression profiling, Repressor Proteins, lcsh:Genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Cellular Neuroscience, Genetics of Disease, Synaptic plasticity, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Mutation, RNA, Gene Function, Molecular Neuroscience, Animal Genetics, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Forkhead-box protein P2 is a transcription factor that has been associated with intriguing aspects of cognitive function in humans, non-human mammals, and song-learning birds. Heterozygous mutations of the human FOXP2 gene cause a monogenic speech and language disorder. Reduced functional dosage of the mouse version (Foxp2) causes deficient cortico-striatal synaptic plasticity and impairs motor-skill learning. Moreover, the songbird orthologue appears critically important for vocal learning. Across diverse vertebrate species, this well-conserved transcription factor is highly expressed in the developing and adult central nervous system. Very little is known about the mechanisms regulated by Foxp2 during brain development. We used an integrated functional genomics strategy to robustly define Foxp2-dependent pathways, both direct and indirect targets, in the embryonic brain. Specifically, we performed genome-wide in vivo ChIP–chip screens for Foxp2-binding and thereby identified a set of 264 high-confidence neural targets under strict, empirically derived significance thresholds. The findings, coupled to expression profiling and in situ hybridization of brain tissue from wild-type and mutant mouse embryos, strongly highlighted gene networks linked to neurite development. We followed up our genomics data with functional experiments, showing that Foxp2 impacts on neurite outgrowth in primary neurons and in neuronal cell models. Our data indicate that Foxp2 modulates neuronal network formation, by directly and indirectly regulating mRNAs involved in the development and plasticity of neuronal connections., Author Summary Foxp2 codes for an intriguing regulatory protein that provides a window into unusual aspects of brain function in multiple species. For example, the gene is implicated in speech and language disorders in humans, song learning in songbirds, and learning of rapid movement sequences in mice. Foxp2 acts by tuning the expression levels of other genes (its downstream targets). In this study we used genome-wide techniques to comprehensively identify the major targets of Foxp2 in the embryonic brain, in order to understand its roles in fundamental biological pathways during neurodevelopment, which we followed up through functional analyses of neurons. Most notably, we found that Foxp2 directly and indirectly regulates networks of genes that alter the length and branching of neuronal projections, an important route for modulating the wiring of neural connections in the developing brain. Overall, our findings shed light on how Foxp2 directs particular features of nervous system development, helping us to build bridges between genes and complex aspects of brain function.

Published
2011
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3. Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements

Author

Peter, Szatmari, Andrew D, Paterson, Lonnie, Zwaigenbaum, Wendy, Roberts, Jessica, Brian, Xiao-Qing, Liu, John B, Vincent, Jennifer L, Skaug, Ann P, Thompson, Lili, Senman, Lars, Feuk, Cheng, Qian, Susan E, Bryson, Marshall B, Jones, Christian R, Marshall, Stephen W, Scherer, Veronica J, Vieland, Christopher, Bartlett, La Vonne, Mangin, Rhinda, Goedken, Alberto, Segre, Margaret A, Pericak-Vance, Michael L, Cuccaro, John R, Gilbert, Harry H, Wright, Ruth K, Abramson, Catalina, Betancur, Thomas, Bourgeron, Christopher, Gillberg, Marion, Leboyer, Joseph D, Buxbaum, Kenneth L, Davis, Eric, Hollander, Jeremy M, Silverman, Joachim, Hallmayer, Linda, Lotspeich, James S, Sutcliffe, Jonathan L, Haines, Susan E, Folstein, Joseph, Piven, Thomas H, Wassink, Val, Sheffield, Daniel H, Geschwind, Maja, Bucan, W Ted, Brown, Rita M, Cantor, John N, Constantino, T Conrad, Gilliam, Martha, Herbert, Clara, Lajonchere, David H, Ledbetter, Christa, Lese-Martin, Janet, Miller, Stan, Nelson, Carol A, Samango-Sprouse, Sarah, Spence, Matthew, State, Rudolph E, Tanzi, Hilary, Coon, Geraldine, Dawson, Bernie, Devlin, Annette, Estes, Pamela, Flodman, Lambertus, Klei, William M, McMahon, Nancy, Minshew, Jeff, Munson, Elena, Korvatska, Patricia M, Rodier, Gerard D, Schellenberg, Moyra, Smith, M Anne, Spence, Chris, Stodgell, Ping Guo, Tepper, Ellen M, Wijsman, Chang-En, Yu, Bernadette, Rogé, Carine, Mantoulan, Kerstin, Wittemeyer, Annemarie, Poustka, Bärbel, Felder, Sabine M, Klauck, Claudia, Schuster, Fritz, Poustka, Sven, Bölte, Sabine, Feineis-Matthews, Evelyn, Herbrecht, Gabi, Schmötzer, John, Tsiantis, Katerina, Papanikolaou, Elena, Maestrini, Elena, Bacchelli, Francesca, Blasi, Simona, Carone, Claudio, Toma, Herman, Van Engeland, Maretha, de Jonge, Chantal, Kemner, Frederieke, Koop, Frederike, Koop, Marjolein, Langemeijer, Marjolijn, Langemeijer, Channa, Hijmans, Channa, Hijimans, Wouter G, Staal, Gillian, Baird, Patrick F, Bolton, Michael L, Rutter, Emma, Weisblatt, Jonathan, Green, Catherine, Aldred, Julie-Anne, Wilkinson, Andrew, Pickles, Ann, Le Couteur, Tom, Berney, Helen, McConachie, Anthony J, Bailey, Kostas, Francis, Gemma, Honeyman, Aislinn, Hutchinson, Jeremy R, Parr, Simon, Wallace, Anthony P, Monaco, Gabrielle, Barnby, Kazuhiro, Kobayashi, Janine A, Lamb, Ines, Sousa, Nuala, Sykes, Edwin H, Cook, Stephen J, Guter, Bennett L, Leventhal, Jeff, Salt, Catherine, Lord, Christina, Corsello, Vanessa, Hus, Daniel E, Weeks, Fred, Volkmar, Maïté, Tauber, Eric, Fombonne, Andy, Shih, Kacie J, Meyer, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]-Offord Centre for Child Studies, The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto, University of Toronto-The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Molecular Genetics [Toronto], Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU)-Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa [Iowa City], John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami [Coral Gables], W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute, University of South Carolina [Columbia], Physiopathologie des Maladies du Système Nerveux Central, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre [Göteborg, Sueden], Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology [Göteborg]-University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Child Health, University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Department of Neuroscience, PennState Meteorology Department, Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh], University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences [Stanford], Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine [Nashville], Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University [Nashville]-Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Carver College of Medicine [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City]-University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City]-Howard Hughes Medical-Institute Carver College of Medicine, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia]-School of Medicine, N.Y.S. Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Department of Human Genetics, UCLA, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-Semel Institute, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), University of Chicago, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Developmental Brain and Behaviour Unit, University of Southampton, Cure Autism Now, Institute of Human Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University (GW), Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Autism Speaks and the Department of Psychiatry, Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences [Washington], University of Washington [Seattle], University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of OB/GYN, University of Rochester Medical Center, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine, Department of Medicine, Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (Octogone), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], University of Oxford [Oxford]-Warneford Hospital, Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University Department of Child Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Medical Genetics Laboratory, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University Medical Center [Utrecht]-Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Neurocognition, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Newcomen Centre, Guy's Hospital [London], Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of psychiatry, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre (SGDP), The Institute of Psychiatry-King‘s College London, University of Cambridge Clinical School, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Manchester, University of Manchester [Manchester]-School of Epidemiology and Health Science, Newcastle University [Newcastle]-Institute of Health & Society (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry), Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester, University of Manchester [Manchester], Institute for Juvenile Research-University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), Department of Disability and Human Development, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Human Genetics Department, SFU Discrete Mathematics Group (SFU-DMG), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Child Study Centre, Yale University School of Medicine, Centre d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Department of Child Psychiatry, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC)-McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Scientific Affairs, Autism Genome Project Consortium, RS: FPN CN II, Cognitive Neuroscience, MUMC+: HZC Klinische Neurofysiologie (5), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids)-University of Toronto-Department of Molecular Genetics-McLaughlin Centre, University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-Semel Institute, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), King‘s College London-The Institute of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Betancur, Catalina, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pennsylvania-School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pôle Enfants [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), University of Oxford-Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Szatmari P, Paterson AD, Zwaigenbaum L, Roberts W, Brian J, Liu XQ, Vincent JB, Skaug JL, Thompson AP, Senman L, Feuk L, Qian C, Bryson SE, Jones MB, Marshall CR, Scherer SW, Vieland VJ, Bartlett C, Mangin LV, Goedken R, Segre A, Pericak-Vance MA, Cuccaro ML, Gilbert JR, Wright HH, Abramson RK, Betancur C, Bourgeron T, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Buxbaum JD, Davis KL, Hollander E, Silverman JM, Hallmayer J, Lotspeich L, Sutcliffe JS, Haines JL, Folstein SE, Piven J, Wassink TH, Sheffield V, Geschwind DH, Bucan M, Brown WT, Cantor RM, Constantino JN, Gilliam TC, Herbert M, Lajonchere C, Ledbetter DH, Lese-Martin C, Miller J, Nelson S, Samango-Sprouse CA, Spence S, State M, Tanzi RE, Coon H, Dawson G, Devlin B, Estes A, Flodman P, Klei L, McMahon WM, Minshew N, Munson J, Korvatska E, Rodier PM, Schellenberg GD, Smith M, Spence MA, Stodgell C, Tepper PG, Wijsman EM, Yu CE, Roge B, Mantoulan C, Wittemeyer K, Poustka A, Felder B, Klauck SM, Schuster C, Poustka F, Bolte S, Feineis-Matthews S, Herbrecht E, Schmotzer G, Tsiantis J, Papanikolaou K, Maestrini E, Bacchelli E, Blasi F, Carone S, Toma C, Van Engeland H, de Jonge M, Kemner C, Koop F, Langemeijer M, Hijimans C, Staal WG, Baird G, Bolton PF, Rutter ML, Weisblatt E, Green J, Aldred C, Wilkinson JA, Pickles A, Le Couteur A, Berney T, McConachie H, Bailey AJ, Francis K, Honeyman G, Hutchinson A, Parr JR, Wallace S, Monaco AP, Barnby G, Kobayashi K, Lamb JA, Sousa I, Sykes N, Cook EH, Guter SJ, Leventhal BL, Salt J, Lord C, Corsello C, Hus V, Weeks DE, Volkmar F, Tauber M, Fombonne E, and Shih A.

Subjects
Male, genetic structures, Genetic Linkage, Neurexin, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, Heritability of autism, Copy-number variation, MESH: Genetic Variation, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, MESH: Genetic Testing, MESH: Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Chromosome Mapping, 3. Good health, Female, MESH: Genetic Linkage, MESH: Autistic Disorder, Epigenetics of autism, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic linkage, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, MESH: Chromosome Aberrations, Family, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Autistic Disorder, MESH: Family, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic testing, Chromosome Aberrations, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, MESH: Male, MESH: Lod Score, Autism, Lod Score, MESH: Chromosome Mapping, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,181 [corrected] families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs.

Published
2007
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