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23 results on '"Pierre Ouagne"'

1. Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Author

Pierre-Yves Pontalier, Pierre Ouagne, Saif Ullah Khan, Laurent Labonne, Philippe Evon, Antoine Rouilly, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE (FRANCE), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences - BUITEMS (PAKISTAN), Laboratoire Génie de Production - LGP (Tarbes, France), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Balochistan, Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), and Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes

Subjects
Materials science, Hot Temperature, Natural binder, General Chemical Engineering, Matériaux, Plastics extrusion, Organosolv, Lignocellulosic biomass, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, Fiberboard, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Lignin, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, Desiccation, Refining (metallurgy), 010302 applied physics, Twin-screw extrusion, General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, Water, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulp and paper industry, Wood, Hot pressing, Extrusion-refining, Absorption, Physicochemical, visual_art, 8. Economic growth, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Extrusion, 0210 nano-technology, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; A versatile twin-screw extrusion process to provide an efficient thermo-mechano-chemical pre-treatment on lignocellulosic biomass before using it as source of mechanical reinforcement in fully bio-based fiberboards was developed. Various lignocellulosic crop by-products have already been successfully pre-treated through this process, e.g., cereal straws (especially rice), coriander straw, shives from oleaginous flax straw, and bark of both amaranth and sunflower stems.The extrusion process results in a marked increase in the average fiber aspect ratio, leading to improved mechanical properties of fiberboards. The twin-screw extruder can also be fitted with a filtration module at the end of the barrel. The continuous extraction of various chemicals (e.g., free sugars, hemicelluloses, volatiles from essential oil fractions, etc.) from the lignocellulosic substrate, and the fiber refining can, therefore, be performed simultaneously.The extruder can also be used for its mixing ability: a natural binder (e.g., Organosolv lignins, protein-based oilcakes, starch, etc.) can be added to the refined fibers at the end of the screw profile. The obtained premix is ready to be molded through hot pressing, with the natural binder contributing to fiberboard cohesion. Such a combined process in a single extruder pass improves the production time, production cost, and may lead to reduction in plant production size. Because all the operations are performed in a single step, fiber morphology is better preserved, thanks to a reduced residence time of the material inside the extruder, resulting in enhanced material performances. Such one-step extrusion operation may be at the origin of a valuable industrial process intensification.Compared to commercial wood-based materials, these fully bio-based fiberboards do not emit any formaldehyde, and they could find various applications, e.g., intermediate containers, furniture, domestic flooring, shelving, general construction, etc.

Published
2021

2. Are nettle fibers produced on metal-contaminated lands suitable for composite applications?

Author

Philippe Evon, Pierre Ouagne, Loïc Yung, Thomas Jeannin, Vincent Placet, Michael Lecourt, Michel Chalot, Laurent Labonne, David Cazaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement - FCBA (FRANCE), Inovyn (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - UBFC (FRANCE), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, INOVYN France, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Génie de Production - ENI de Tarbes, ENI Tarbes-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP)

Subjects
Matériaux, Composite number, Metal-contaminated lands, Biomass, Composite, 02 engineering and technology, Ecotoxicologie, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Nettle fibers, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Sylviculture, foresterie, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Fiber, Urtica dioica, Phytomanagement, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Contamination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Agronomy, Single fiber test, Bast fibre, Environmental science, Short rotation coppice, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Mécanique des matériaux, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; This work assesses the potential of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) fibers produced on contaminated lands for composite applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and in a prevalent manner in poplar short rotation coppice planted for the phytomanagement of a land contaminated by traces of metals. Results show that the contaminant contents in nettle bast fibers are low: only traces were measured. It makes it possible to consider this biomass for material use. The measured matter yield is lower than those obtained with traditional fiber crops cultivated in Europe on agricultural lands but the tensile properties of the bast fibers are equal to or better than those of hemp and flax, making spontaneous nettle an interesting supplement to traditional European fiber crops for composite applications

Published
2020

3. Innovating routes for the reused of PP-flax and PP-glass non woven composites: A comparative study

Author

Alain Bourmaud, Marina Fazzini, Pierre Ouagne, Nicolas Renouard, Karim Behlouli, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) through the collaborative project RECYTAL, French Environment and Energy Management Agency (ADEME) through the French Research Ministry, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Ecotechnilin (FRANCE), and Université de Bretagne Sud - UBS (FRANCE)

Subjects
Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Composite number, Modulus, Mechanical properties, 02 engineering and technology, Fibre length, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 12. Responsible consumption, Non-woven, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Recycling, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Composite material, Tomography, Stiffness, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Compression (physics), Flax fibre, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mechanics of Materials, Volume fraction, Mécanique des matériaux, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The significant industrial development of non-woven biocomposites requires the implementation of environmentally and economically coherent end-of-life recycling solutions. In this study, we studied the recycling of a non-woven poly-(propylene)-flax composite by injection but also by thermo compression. For comparison, a material with the same architecture but reinforced by glass fibres was studied. Both recycling methods showed strong specificities. Injection recycling leads to efficiently homogenised microstructures of the parts but also to drastically reduced lengths of the fibres, up to 10 times lower than with compression moulding. This method globally promotes high failure strengths while compression moulding, by preserving the length of the fibrous reinforcements, guarantees higher stiffness. This work also highlights the impacts of the length and division of the fibre elements on the microstructure of the injected parts; thus, after a series of compression recycling cycles, injected parts exhibit an important skin-core effect larger than after initial injection recycling cycles, whether in terms of orientation or local fibre volume fraction. As a consequence, after a series of recycling by compression, a new injection cycle has for effect to improve the tensile mechanical performances. For example, the strength and modulus of PP-flax composites are increased by 103% and 75%, respectively. These results highlight the technical feasibility and relevance of implementing these two recycling methods, depending on the volumes or equipment available and the final properties to promote, as they enable the production of new highperformance parts.

Published
2018

4. Specific features of flax fibres used to manufacture composite materials

Author

Pierre-Jacques Liotier, Damien Soulat, Sylvain Drapier, Manuela Ferreira, Joël Bréard, Peter Davies, Moussa Gomina, Christophe Baley, Antoine Le Duigou, Alain Bourmaud, Pierre Ouagne, Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lôme (IRDL), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Mécanique et Procédés d'Elaboration (MPE-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SMS, Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM), Faculdade de Medicina [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), IFREMER, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles de Roubaix (ENSAIT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Comportement des Structures en Mer (LCSM), Recherches et Développements Technologiques (RDT), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Retting, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Materials science, biocomposite, Fibre treatment, polymer, Heterogeneous microstructure, 02 engineering and technology, Processing, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, 0203 mechanical engineering, General Materials Science, Composite material, Porosity, Polymer, flax fibre, chemistry.chemical_classification, Composite materials, Flax fibre, Plant development, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Fiber cell, chemistry, processing, Biocomposite
Abstract

International audience; The use of composite materials reinforced by flax fibres has been increasing steadily over the last 20 years. These fibres show attractive mechanical properties but also some particularities (naturally limited length, presence of a lumen, fibres grouped in bundles in the plant, complex surface properties and composition). An analysis of the available literature indicates that the quality of the composite materials studied is not always optimal (high porosity, incomplete impregnation, heterogeneous microstructure, variable fibre orientation). This paper reviews published data on the specific nature of flax fibres with respect to manufacturing of biocomposites (defined here as polymers reinforced by natural fibres). All the important steps in the process which influence final properties are analyzed, including the plant development, retting, fibre extraction, fibre treatment, preform preparation, available manufacturing processes, the impregnation step, fibre cell wall changes during processing and fibre/matrix adhesion. © 2018, Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.

Published
2019

5. Production of fiberboards from shives collected after continuous fiber mechanical extraction from oleaginous flax

Author

Guadalupe Vaca-Medina, Benjamin Barthod-Malat, Marie Grégoire, Laurent Labonne, Thierry Véronèse, Stéphane Ballas, Pierre Ouagne, Philippe Evon, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Ovalie Innovation, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Toulouse, Ovalie Innovations, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Ovalie Innovation (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle - LCA (Toulouse, France), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d’Application et de Traitement des AgroRessources [Toulouse] (CRT CATAR), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Materials science, Thermo-pressing, Fiberboards, Materials Science (miscellaneous), extrudeuse bi-vis, Matériaux, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lignin, General Materials Science, Fiber, Oleaginous flax shives, défibrillation thermo-mécanique de fibre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Thermomechanical fiber extraction, anas de lin oléagineux, Water resistance, Extraction (chemistry), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Straw, Lignocellulosic fibers, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pulp and paper industry, lignine, thermopressage, chemistry, panneau aggloméré de fibres, 0210 nano-technology, Twin-screw extruder
Abstract

National audience; In this study, fiberboards were produced from shives collected after continuous fiber mechanical extraction from oleaginous flax straw. Fiberboards were produced through thermo-pressing, and their mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties were studied, as well as their water resistance. The influence of one pretreatment for shives and lignin addition was investigated on the different properties. Boards obtained were all cohesive hardboards. The optimal board was obtained from fibers extruded from shives and without addition of any supplementary lignin amount. Looking at its characteristics and standard NF EN 312, the latter perfectly complied with the requirements for type P1 boards, i.e. boards for general uses in dry conditions.; Dans cette étude, des panneaux agglomérés de fibres ont été produits à partir d’anas collectés après extraction mécanique des fibres libériennes de paille de lin oléagineux. Les panneaux ont été mis en oeuvre par thermopressage. Leurs propriétés mécaniques et thermo-mécaniques ont été étudiées ainsi que leur comportement vis-à-vis de l’eau. L’influence d’un prétraitement thermo-mécanique des anas bruts à l’aide d’une extrudeuse bi-vis a été étudiée ainsi que l’ajout de lignine exogène. Tous les panneaux mis en oeuvre possèdent une tenue suffisante pour être manipulés à la main. Le panneau ayant obtenu les propriétés optimales a été obtenu à partir des anas extrudés et sans ajout supplémentaire de lignine. Au regard de ses caractéristiques et du standard NF EN 312, ce dernier remplit complètement les critères d’un panneau aggloméré de type P1 (panneau d’usage général utilisé en milieu sec).

Published
2019

6. Native stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) growing spontaneously under short rotation coppice for phytomanagement of trace element contaminated soils: Fibre yield, processability and quality

Author

Loïc Yung, Pierre Ouagne, Vincent Placet, Michel Chalot, Philippe Evon, Michael Lecourt, Laurent Labonne, Thomas Jeannin, David Cazaux, femto-st, dma, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives - CEA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - ENSMM (FRANCE), Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement - FCBA (FRANCE), Inovyn (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Franche-Comté (FRANCE), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard - UTBM (FRANCE), Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives - INRAP (FRANCE), Ministère de la culture et de la communication (FRANCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté - UBFC (FRANCE), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA), INOVYN, INOVYN France, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Retting, Agronomie, Tensile properties, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Biomass, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Urtica dioica, Phytomanagement, Nettle fibre, 2. Zero hunger, 010405 organic chemistry, Trace element, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Contamination, Contaminated soils, 0104 chemical sciences, Agronomy, Soil water, Fibre yield, Bast fibre, Environmental science, Short rotation coppice, [PHYS.MECA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; This work assesses the potential of stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) growing on trace element contaminated soils to produce fibres for material applications. The nettles studied in this work grew spontaneously and dominated the vegetation cover in poplar short rotation coppices planted for the phytomanagement of lands contaminated by trace elements. Two sites were studied, contaminated by Hg for the first one and a mix of As, Cd, Pb and Zn for the second one. Results show that, for the considered soils, the contaminant contents in nettle bast fibres were at low levels, comparable to those collected at unpolluted control areas. It makes it possible to consider this biomass for material use. The measured matter yield was lower than those obtained with traditional fibre crops cultivated in Europe on agricultural lands. However, the tensile properties of the bast fibres mechanically extracted without field retting or prior alkaline treatment were equal to or better than those of industrial hemp and flax, making spontaneous nettles an interesting supplement to traditional European fibre crops for material applications.

Published
2020

7. Fibre extraction from oleaginous flax for technical textile applications: influence of pre-processing parameters on fibre extraction yield, size distribution and mechanical properties

Author

Vincent Placet, Laurent Labonne, Philippe Evon, Benjamin Barthod-Malat, Pierre Ouagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - ENSMM (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Franche-Comté (FRANCE), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard - UTBM (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génie de Production (LGP), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Toulouse, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Ouagne, Pierre, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Retting, Materials science, Yield (engineering), Textile, Mechanical properties, Extraction yield, Technical textile, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Fibre extraction, oleaginous flax, fibre extraction, extraction yield, size distribution, mechanical properties, 010608 biotechnology, Oleaginous flax, Ultimate tensile strength, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Composite material, business.industry, Extraction (chemistry), General Medicine, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Size distribution, Straw, Mécanique des matériaux, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Cultivated primarily for its seeds, oleaginous flax could also be valued for the different fractions that can be extracted from the straw. However, as the straws are not harvested with the same technique and care than for the textile flax, the classical scutching technique cannot be used. As a consequence, an “all fibre” device was used to perform the separation of the different constituents of the oleaginous flax straws. The different fractions were quantified for two retting levels and for two degrees of rewetting of the stems. The physical and mechanical properties of fibres were then evaluated. It appears that the relative amount of fibres extracted from oleaginous flax straw is comparable to the one from textile flax (i.e. 40% of the stem dry mass), and their tensile properties are situated in the lower part of the textile flax range. This work shows that the individual fibre length of oleaginous flax (between 3 and 6 cm) is comparable to that of the scutched textile flax fibres. This makes them suitable for the production of carded aligned fibre yarns for technical reinforcement textiles (e.g. composites or geotextiles). These results demonstrate the interest and the potential added value of harvesting the stems for technical fibre applications.

Published
2017

8. Influence de la dépose sur l'injection lors du procédé RTM de tubes gainés

Author

Aurélie Telmar, Gilles Hivet, Damien Soulat, Romain Agogué, Pierre Ouagne, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)

Subjects
Permeability (earth sciences), Materials science, Shear (geology), reinforcement deformability, Volume fraction, RTM process, General Materials Science, Shear angle, braid, Composite material, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience; This work concerns the manufacturing of a tube using a RTM process. The influence of the first step on the injection step is analyzed, by the prediction of the deformability of the braided reinforcement used and by the estimation of the yarn volume fraction. These parameters have a significant impact on the permeability component and consequently on the properties of the final piece. Some analytical models are developed based on the analysis of plane shear evolution of the reinforcement. Results are compared to experimental values obtained by tomography for the volume fraction and by the measurement of the shear angle.

Published
2011

9. Hydro-mechanical loading and compressibility of fibrous media for resin infusion processes

Author

Joël Bréard, Abdelghani Saouab, Pierre Ouagne, C. H. Park, Tariq Ouahbi, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
Materials science, Composite reinforcements . Compressibility . Inverse method . Hydro-mechanical loading, Composite number, Compaction, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Inverse problem, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Permeability (earth sciences), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, chemistry, Aluminium, Volume fraction, Compressibility, Ébauche, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; The modelling of composite manufacturing processes where hydro-mechanical coupling takes place depends on the validity of compressibility and permeability models. In this work, the computer code initially used to simulate the effect of coupled hydro-mechanical load on composite preform (Ouahbi et al. Composites Part A, 38:1646-1654, 2007) is integrated into an inverse method to predict the compaction behaviour of the reinforcements. An experimental device developed at Le Havre is used to apply hydro-mechanical loads to the preforms. Two ramps of stress are imposed to the preform and the thickness evolution is measured as a function of time. The speed of thickness reduction is not constant and varies in the range of 0.1 to 12 mm/min. The effect of compression speed upon the saturated fabrics is investigated. For a fixed fibre volume fraction, an increase in stress is observed in increasing compression speed. The experimental results are compared to the compressibility curves determined by an inverse method. The calculated curves correspond to the compressibility curves experimentally obtained with low compression speed (∼0.25 mm/min). As a consequence, this suggests that a low compression speed should be applied when investigating the compressibility behaviour of composite preform with a view of modelling resin infusion processes.

Published
2009

10. Analyse des couplages hydromécaniques sur renfort à base de fibres de lin. Application aux procédés d'infusion

Author

Christophe Bailey, Laurent Bizet, Joël Bréard, Pierre Ouagne, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience

Published
2008

11. INJECTION OF A COMPLEX PREFORM BY RTM. OPTIMISATION OF A MOULD DESIGN AND PROCESS PARAMETERS

Author

Romain Agogue, Pierre Ouagne, Damien Soulat, Chung Hae PARK, Joël Bréard, Didier Zanelli, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), F2ME, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Génie et Matériaux Textiles (GEMTEX), Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles de Roubaix (ENSAIT), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Roxel/Protac

Subjects
[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; This work concerns the manufacturing of a composite tube using RTM process. During the preforming stage, a woven braid is laid down and stacked on a mandrel so that reinforcement plies form conical shapes with a defined angle. An innovative experimental preforming procedure has been developed to respect the specific angle. The resin injection step has been studied both experimentally and numerically. In this work a focus is applied on the optimization of the mould geometry and on the way the resin is injected within the preform to prevent the appearance of defects such as displacement of plies and porosity. Different optimization steps are described in this work and a mould geometry is proposed for this specific application and the quality of the part obtained is discussed and analysed.

Published
2012

12. EFFECT OF UPTAKE BEHAVIOUR ON TENSILE PROPERTIES OF FLAX FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITES

Author

Moothoo, J., Allaoui, S., pierre OUAGNE, Soulat, D., Guilleminot, B., F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Génie et Matériaux Textiles (GEMTEX), Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles de Roubaix (ENSAIT), Maquet, and Maquet SA

Subjects
[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; This study concerns the investigation of a biocomposite solution made with flax fibres to reduce the weight of structural parts used in medical environment. Besides the mechanical specifications, this composite solution is requested to particular environmental conditions, and distinctively its response to some specific cleaning solutions (Surfanios® and Terralin®) must be characterized. Vacuum moulded Flax/PLA and Flax/PP samples were made, and samples of each material has been subjected to immersion test for different concentration of cleaning solutions and distilled water. Weight measurements as well as tensile tests were performed in order to follow the evolution of the physical and mechanical behaviour of the composites. 1

Published
2012

13. Complex shape forming of flax based woven fabrics. Analysis of the yarn tensile strain during the process

Author

Gilles Hivet, Damien Soulat, Pierre Ouagne, Davy Duriatti, Samir Allaoui, Christophe Tephany, Julien Moothoo, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Génie et Matériaux Textiles (GEMTEX), Ecole nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles de Roubaix (ENSAIT), and GROUPE DEPESTELE

Subjects
Materials science, Triple point, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, natural fibres, Ultimate tensile strength, flax fabric, General Materials Science, Composite material, Natural fiber, Composites, Strain (chemistry), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, In situ measurements, technology, industry, and agriculture, Yarn, Structural engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, sheet forming, visual_art, Tetrahedron, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Plain weave, biaxial tension, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; A flax fibre plain weave fabric has been used to form a complex tetrahedron shape. The global shape has been obtained. Even if no apparent defects are visible when observing the yarns, the strain of the tightest yarns of the preform has been measured and compared to the biaxial strains of the fabric determined independently of the process. The results show that the strains in the yarns close to the triple point of the shape (top of the tetrahedron) are higher than the strain at failure. This could lead to local lack of fibre density and to possible zones of weakness for the composite part. It is therefore necessary to increase the tensile performances of the yarns constituting the fabric.

Published
2012

14. COMPARISON BETWEEN GLASS AND FLAX NON-CRIMP STITCHED FABRICS

Author

Bizet, L., Guéret, S., Re, C., pierre OUAGNE, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Ouagne, Pierre

Subjects
tensile properties, flax fiber, non-crimp fabrics, agro-resourced composites, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, permeability, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; Flax NCF studied is more difficult to impregnate than glass NCF in a longitudinal way. Transverse impregnation is similar in glass and flax fabrics. Infusion processes should then be preferred to RTM injection for this flax NCF. Flax composites show lower tensile properties than glass ones. However flax composite tensile properties are sufficient for various structural applications. In particular, flax-polyurethane composites are mechanically competitive with high agro-resourced content.

Published
2011

15. Analysis of defects during the preforming of a woven flax reinforcement

Author

Gilles Hivet, Pierre Ouagne, Damien Soulat, Samir Allaoui, Davy Duriatti, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), GROUPE DEPESTELE, and Ouagne, Pierre

Subjects
Natural Fibres, Materials science, Scale (ratio), RTM, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Formability, flax fabric, Preforming, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Reinforcement, Composites
Abstract

International audience; This paper presents one of the first experimental investigations to analyze the formability of dry woven preform made of flax yarns. A defect analysis at the preform scale, such as wrinkling or buckling is conducted. This work indicates the mechanisms at the origin of these defects. To form complex shapes without generation of defects, the constitution and the architecture of the yarns constituting the woven fabric should be optimised. Keywords

Published
2011

16. INJECTION OF A COMPLEX PREFORM BY RTM PROCESS

Author

Pierre Ouagne, Damien Soulat, Romain Agogué, Chung Hae PARK, Bizet, L., Joël Bréard, Didier Zanelli, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Roxel/Protac

Subjects
Braid permeability, Process parameters, RTM, Complex preform, Simulation, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; This work concerns the manufacturing of a composite tube using RTM process. During the preforming stage, a woven braid is laid down and stacked on a mandrel so that reinforcement plies form conical shapes with a defined angle. An innovative experimental preforming procedure has been developed to respect the specific angle. The resin injection step has been studied both experimentally and numerically. The influence of processing parameters such as the injection pressure or the imposed flow rate on the position and the size of possible defects has been evaluated. A numerical study has been conducted to model the flow of resin within the different areas of the complex preform. Planar and through-the-thickness permeability studies were conducted experimentally as a function of the fibre volume fraction and the shear angle. Within the preform and especially along a radius of the part, variation of shear, fiber volume fraction, orientation of yarns and consequently variation of the permeability tensor must be taken into account for the simulation of the resin injection. Simulation results presenting the evolution of the flow front within the preform for different injection cases are discussed and correlated to the experimental study results previously mentioned.

Published
2010

17. Analysis of the film stacking processing parameters for PLLA/flax fibre biocomposites

Author

Christophe Baley, Joël Bréard, Pierre Ouagne, Laurent Bizet, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), and Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Materials science, flax mats, Glass fiber, Stacking, Compaction, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Ultimate tensile strength, Materials Chemistry, PLLA bio-composites, Composite material, film stacking process, Mechanical Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Biodegradable polymer, Environmentally friendly, transverse permeability, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, compressibility, 0210 nano-technology, Transverse permeability, Renewable resource
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays, the market demand for environmentally friendly materials is rapidly increasing. Biodegradable fibres and biodegradable polymers mainly extracted from renewable resources are expected to be a major contribution to the production of new industrial high performance biodegradable composites, partially solving the problem of waste management. At the end of its lifetime, a structural biodegradable composite can be crushed and recycled through a controlled industrial composting process. Bodros et al. [1] showed that biodegradable PLLA (L-polylactide acid)/flax fibres mat composites exhibiting specific tensile properties equivalent to glass fibre polyester composites can be manufactured by an un-optimised film stacking process. In our study, the process has been investigated more extensively. Indeed, the compaction of flax mats requires a higher load than for glass mats of similar areal weight. The transverse permeability of flax mats has also been shown to be lower than for glass mats. In both cases, this is due to a higher degree of entanglement of the flax fibres within the mat. However, the range of permeability and compressibility values of the flax mats are well within the values that allow a good through-thethickness impregnation. Flax fibres cannot sustain long exposures at the impregnation temperature of the mats by PLLA resin. Through-the-thickness impregnation of flax mats processes such as film stacking are more suitable than in-plane impregnation processes such as Resin Transfer Molding because the flow of resin is limited on short distances and allows short times of impregnation.

Published
2010

18. Continuous transverse permeability of fibrous media

Author

Joël Bréard, Pierre Ouagne, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), and Ouagne, Pierre

Subjects
Materials science, Composite number, Compaction, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI.MECA.MEMA] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0203 mechanical engineering, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Composite material, Porosity, Natural fiber, Continuous transverse permeability, chemistry.chemical_classification, Fabrics/textile, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Resin flow, Permeability (earth sciences), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Plain weave, 0210 nano-technology, Transverse permeability, Resin film infiltration
Abstract

International audience; The compaction of composite preforms and the flow of resin through the fibrous network take place simultaneously during the Resin Film Infusion process. Therefore there is a coupled loading of the porous reinforcements. A new experimental device to impose combinations of hydraulic and mechanical loadings (Hydro-Mechanical loadings) to fibrous preforms is used to evaluate the transverse permeability in a continuous manner (under Hydro-Mechanical conditions) for a flax mat, a flax non-crimped fabric, a carbon plain weave and a glass satin weave. For a 0.5 mm/min compression speed the continuous technique gives values similar to the ''classical" technique for the four composite reinforcements of very different nature. This suggests that it is possible to use the continuous technique to evaluate the transverse permeability behaviour of fibrous reinforcements (permeability vs. fibre volume) with a time reduction of about 8-10. Increasing the compression speed gives slowly decreasing continuous transverse permeability values.

Published
2010

19. Hydromechanical loading and compressibility of fibrous reinforcements

Author

Sylvain Chatel, Joël Bréard, Tariq Ouahbi, Chung Hae Park, Pierre Ouagne, Abdelghani Saouab, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University (ISU), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Physique et Géosciences (LMPG), Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), EADS Innovation Works [Suresnes] (EADS IW), EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH)

Subjects
Materials science, Flow (psychology), Composite number, Compaction, Inverse method, 02 engineering and technology, Molding (process), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Compression (physics), Hydro-Mechanical loading, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Stress (mechanics), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Compressibility, General Materials Science, Infusion, LCM Processes Compressibility, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The manufacturing of large composite parts in the field of aeronautics is increasingly important. LCM processes (Liquid Composite Molding) are currently used. Infusion processes such as the Resin Film Infusion (RFI) are more and more used for the manufacturing of large parts. During this process, the resin flows through the fibrous medium under the stress created by a flexible membrane in the transverse direction of the reinforcement’s plane. The compaction of the preforms and the flow of resin through the fibrous network take place simultaneously. There is, therefore, a coupled loading of the porous reinforcements. In order to better control this process, it is necessary to optimize resin pressure and fabric compression by using the appropriate simulating tools. It is also necessary to clarify which laws are suitable to model the process. To this objective, a new experimental device was set up to impose hydromechanical loadings to fibrous preforms. Results analyzing the hydromechanical couplings in saturated medium with flow rate conditions and a compression control with r stress conditions are presented and discussed in this work. A model simulating infusion processes [1] has also been used to analyse the compressibility behaviour of the fibrous reinforcement by using an inverse method.

Published
2008

20. Modelling of hydro-mechanical coupling in infusion processes

Author

Tariq Ouahbi, Pierre Ouagne, Abdelghani Saouab, Sylvain Chatel, Joël Bréard, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), EADS Innovation Works [Suresnes] (EADS IW), EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, saouab, abdelghani, Université d'Orléans (UO), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Ouagne, Pierre

Subjects
Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Composite number, Flow (psychology), 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Deformation (meteorology), [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0203 mechanical engineering, Autoclave (industrial), [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Coupling, Infusion process, Computer simulation, Process (computing), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Computational modelling, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Hydro-mechanical coupling, 0210 nano-technology, Numerical analysis
Abstract

International audience; The demand for composite parts is constantly increasing particularly in the aeronautic industry. The infusion process has been developed to be a cost-effective technique for the fabrication of large and complex composite structures. This process has been identified as an alternative to the resin transfer moulding (RTM) as well as the conventional autoclave prepreg technique. Unlike in the RTM process, a strong hydro-mechanical coupling between resin flow and reinforcement deformation takes place in infusion processes. In this work, a numerical model to simulate the hydro-mechanical coupling in infusion processes is proposed. Based on this model, a numerical code was developed. A new experimental device for hydro-mechanical coupling was developed and a validation of the hydro-mechanical model was carried out by comparing our experimental and numerical results. In every case, a good agreement was observed. The numerical code was applied to simulate the infusion process by calculating the maximum height infused by the resin, the final height of the part and the infusion time.

Published
2007

21. Simultaneous identification of preform permeability and compressibility

Author

Tariq Ouahbi, Pierre Ouagne, Chung Hae PARK, Joël Bréard, Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)

Subjects
Compressibility, Hydro-Mechanical Coupling, Infusion Process, Permeability, Inverse Method, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; We proposed an experimental device and a numerical scheme to simultaneously identify the saturated permeability and the compressibility of preform in the through-thickness direction. By a single compression of the preform under a specified liquid inlet condition, we can obtain the permeability and the compressibility as a function of fiber volume fraction.

22. Strategies for flame retarding bio-composites

Author

Samyn, F., Duquesne, S., Bourbigot, S., pierre OUAGNE, Ingénierie des Systèmes Polymères, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience

23. Continuous measurement of fiber reinforcement permeability in the thickness direction: Experimental technique and validation

Author

Pierre Ouagne, Chung Hae Park, Tariq Ouahbi, Abdelghani Saouab, Joël Bréard, F2ME, Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (LOMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
Fiber reinforcement, Continuous measurement, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Compaction, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Volumetric flow rate, Permeability (earth sciences), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Approximation error, Ceramics and Composites, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Dimensionless quantity, Parametric statistics
Abstract

International audience; It is an important topic to measure the through-thickness permeability of fiber reinforcements as the resin flow in the thickness direction is widely employed in many composites manufacturing techniques. Continuous techniques for the permeability measurement by simultaneous fabric compaction and liquid flow have been recently proposed as an alternative way to the tedious and laborious conventional permeability measurement techniques. In spite of their efficiencies, these continuous techniques have some limits if the fabric compaction speed or flow rate is relatively great. To address this issue, a new equation for the permeability estimation is proposed. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the influences of the experimental conditions on the validity of the continuous technique. A dimensionless number is proposed as a measure of the relative error of the continuous technique.

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