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71 results on '"Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA )"'

1. Technological bricks development for the vertical integration of a Modulator onto a VCSEL for high-speed communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Arnoult, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Antoine Monmayrant, Aurélie Lecestre, Laurent Mazenq, Jean Baptiste Doucet, Alexandre Rumeau, Thienpont, H., Panajotov, K., Guilhem Almuneau, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience; The vertical integration of a Modulator onto a mesa-structure VCSEL would allows to go beyond the physical limit of the carrier dynamics for direct modulation. However, this double mesa structure monolithically integrated requires three electrodes and a high frequency injection design optimization. This paper relates the different technological improvements to achieve the static and high frequency operation of such a device.

Published
2019

2. Electro-Absorption Modulator Vertically Integrated on a VCSEL: Microstrip-Based High-Speed Electrical Injection on Top of a BCB Layer

Author

Aurélie Lecestre, Hugo Thienpont, Christophe Viallon, Ayad Ghannam, Guilhem Almuneau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Laurent Mazenq, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), 3DiS Technologies, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Materials science, Electro-absorption modulator, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Microstrip, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Benzocyclobutene, High-speed modulation, high-speed modulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, electro-absorption modulator, Output impedance, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BCB, business.industry, Coplanar waveguide, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, chemistry, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, BENZOCYCLOBUTENE, FABRICATION, PASSIVATION, FILMS
Abstract

International audience; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with vertically integrated electro-absorption modulators (EAM-VCSELs) potentially can reach higher modulation bandwidths than directly current-modulated VCSELs. The aforementioned device modulation capabilities are, however, currently restricted by their electrical contact parasitics. It, thus, becomes critical to optimize their access line to improve performance. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a microstrip (MS) access line using a planarized benzocyclobutene (BCB) layer exhibits improved high-frequency characteristics compared to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) access line used to-date, since it reduces the losses induced by the doped substrates. We also use this opportunity to introduce an innovative technique for BCB layer planarization, which is not only compatible with the EAM-VCSEL double-mesa structure, but is also independent of the device pitch. The resulting BCB layer dielectric permittivity and losses are measured up to 100 GHz, and a side-by-side comparison of the electrical response of three-electrodes MS and CPW access lines is subsequently carried out. Finally, using the measured pad and access line RF responses and the EAM modulation characteristics, the devices with MS access are shown to be no longer limited by their electrode parasitics, but by the modulator internal impedance.

Published
2019
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3. 29GHz-bandwidth monolithically integrated EAM-VCSEL

Author

Alexandre Rumeau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Antoine Monmayrant, Alexandre Arnoult, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Almuneau, Guilhem, Technology Transfer & Interface, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB)

Subjects
Physics, Contact pad, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business.industry, [SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Bandwidth (signal processing), [SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Laser, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Modulation, law, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Access line, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Carrier dynamics, business, Voltage
Abstract

International audience; The increase in modulation bandwidth of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) can be achieved through the vertical integration of a modulator onto the laser. This approach has already been proposed and demonstrated to be competitive [1-3]. In this specific case, a double mesa structure with three contacts is needed to apply a high-frequency voltage signal to the modulator section and inject a CW current into the underlying VCSEL section. The middle contact serves as a shared ground. Indeed, splitting the emitting and the modulating parts circumvents the carrier dynamics limitation of the modulation bandwidth encountered in direct current-modulated VCSELs. However, the parasitic capacitances of the access line and contact pad play a significant role in the high-frequency limit of such a device. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and modulation characteristics of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) vertically-integrated onto an 850-nm VCSEL that is compatible with high-frequency operation. The two optical cavities are such that their mutual optical coupling is small to improve the modulation properties at high frequencies. This EAM-VCSEL device has been successfully fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, followed by an original technological process [4]. In particular, planarized BCB layers and microstrip access lines have been implemented to optimize the high-frequency signal injection. Thanks to the optimized wavelength detuning between the cavities resonances of the EAM and the VCSEL and respectively to the quantum well absorption tail of the modulator, the EAM modulator exhibits a modulation depth of more than 40% within a 4V span. This vertically integrated EAM-VCSEL approach enables also to minimize the wavelength chirp during the modulation, which in our case is lower than 80 pm. Finally, 3-dB frequency bandwidths up to 29 GHz were measured on both stand-alone vertical EAM devices and vertically-integrated EAM-VCSELs. (a) (b)Fig. 1 (a) Schematics of the EAM-VCSEL structure under study with planarized BCB and (b) high-frequency modulation response of the EAM-VCSEL device with different DC bias voltages applied to the EAM.

Published
2019
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4. High frequency operation of an integrated electro-absorption modulator onto a VCSEL

Author

Marigo-Lombart, Ludovic, Rumeau, Alexandre, Viallon, Christophe, Arnoult, Alexandre, CALVEZ, Stéphane, Monmayrant, Antoine, Gauthier-Lafaye, Olivier, Rosales, R, Lott, J, Thienpont, H, Panajotov, K, Almuneau, Guilhem, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; We present in this paper the vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) onto a VCSEL. We discuss the design, fabrication, and measured characteristics of the combined VCSEL and EAM. We previously demonstrated a standalone EAM with an optical bandwidth around 30 GHz. In this paper we present for the first time an optical bandwidth of 30 GHz for an electro-absorption modulator integrated onto a VCSEL. This device exhibits single-mode operation and a very low chirp, below 0.1 nm, even with a modulation depth of 70 % which makes this device very competitive for high-speed communications in data centers.

Published
2019
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5. High frequency characterization of a vertical electro-absorption modulator for data communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Alexandre Rumeau, Krassimir Panajotov, Antoine Monmayrant, Hugo Thienpont, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IEEE, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Faculty of Engineering, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Signal processing, Materials science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Vertical integration, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Characterization (materials science), Photodiode, high-frequency, Modulation, Optical fiber coupling, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

This paper describes the high-frequency characterizations of a vertical electro-absorption modulator (EAM) to ensure its monolithic integration onto a VCSEL for data communications. Splitting the emitting and the modulating parts is an attractive approach compared to directly current-modulated VCSEL since it releases the intrinsic limitations due to carriers dynamics that occurs in such VCSEL device. It is, in this aim, utmost to thoroughly characterize and understand the properties and performances of the vertically integrated EAM under high frequency operation, as it will be decisive for the application of EAM-VCSEL to very high data-rate communications. EAM measurements, presented up to 40 GHz, require a precise control of the optical fiber coupling and a precise evaluation of the injection losses over the full frequency range.

Published
2018

6. Optimisation et Caractérisation hyper-frequence d’un modulateur en vue de son integration verticale sur un VCSEL

Author

Marigo-Lombart, Ludovic, Calvez, Stéphane, Gauthier-Lafaye, Olivier, Monmayrant, Antoine, Arnoult, Alexandre, Rumeau, Alexandre, Viallon, Christophe, Thienpont, Hugo, Panajotov, Krassimir, Almuneau, Guilhem, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience

Published
2018

7. Integration of Electro-Absorption Modulator in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Hugo Thienpont, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), SPIE, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Quantum-confined Stark effect, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Microstrip, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Parasitic capacitance, law, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; VCSELs became dominant laser sources in many short optical link applications such as datacenter, active cables, etc. Actual standards and commercialized VCSEL are providing 25 Gb/s data rates, but new solutions are expected to settle the next device generation enabling 100 Gb/s. Directly modulated VCSEL have been extensively studied and improved to reach bandwidths in the range of 26-32 GHz [Chalmers, TU Berlin], however at the price of increased applied current and thus reduced device lifetime. Furthermore, the relaxation oscillation limit still subsists with this solution. Thus, splitting the emission and the modulation functions as done with DFB lasers is a very promising alternative [TI-Tech, TU Berlin]. Here, we study the vertical integration of an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) within a VCSEL, where the output light of the VCSEL is modulated through the EAM section. In our original design, we finely optimized the EAM design to maximize the modulation depth by implementing perturbative Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) calculations, while designing the vertical integration of the EAM without penalty on the VCSEL static performances. We will present the different fabricated vertical structures, as well as the experimental electrical and optical static measurements for those configurations demonstrating a very good agreement with the reflectivity and absorption simulations obtained for both the VCSEL and the EAM-VCSEL structures. Finally, to reach very high frequency modulation we studied the BCB electrical properties up to 110 GHz and investigated coplanar and microstrip lines access to decrease both the parasitic capacitance and the influence of the substrate. 100 words: In this presentation, we describe the operation of Multiple-Quantum-Wells Asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulator, vertically integrated into a VCSEL structure for high-speed modulation. First we optimize the Electro-Absorptive Modulator (EAM) and the EAM-VCSEL structures by utilizing a perturbative quantum-confined Stark-effect and transfer matrix calculations. Then we present experimental reflectivity, LIV curves and photocurrent measurements and demonstrate very good agreement with our modelling results. High frequency measurements of BCB electrical response up to 110 GHz are carried out to estimate the parasitic effects due to the pad configuration and the impact of the substrate.

Published
2018
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8. Vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator within a VCSEL device

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Aurélie Lecestre, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Benjamin Reig, Alexandre Arnoult, Alexandre Rumeau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Fabrication, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, electro-absorption modulator, self-aligned technological processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), BCB planarization, Laser, high-frequency modulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, vertical cavity lasers, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Microwave
Abstract

International audience; The huge increase of datacom traffic requires laser sources of ever-widening modulation bandwidth. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) are strategically relevant given that their wide use for short communication links such as in datacenters and are, in light of recent developments, good candidates to address such demands. We propose to increase the modulation bandwidth by vertically integrating a continuous-wave VCSEL with a high-speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM-VCSEL). We will present our studies on the electrical and optical designs, on the development of optimized fabrication steps and on the microwave characterizations leading to the realization of integrated EAM-VCSEL devices.

Published
2017
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9. Oxide-confined VCSELs fabricated with a simple self-aligned process flow

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandre Arnoult, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, self-aligned, oxidation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Etching (microfabrication), law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lithography, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-aligned, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Dry etching, Photolithography, Photonics, business, lasers
Abstract

International audience; We propose a simplified and easier fabrication process flow for the manufacturing of AlOx-confined VCSELs based on combining the oxidation step with a self-aligned process, allowing the mesa etching and two successive lift-off steps based on a single lithography step. The electro-optical confinement achieved by standard lateral oxidation enables a low threshold and a single mode behaviour for the VCSEL. This simplified process can largely improve VCSEL manufacturing by reducing the processing time and costs compared to the standard VCSEL process. Introduction: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) have become the preferred light sources in many photonic systems, enabling short-link interconnections [1] but also in other emerging mass-market applications like sensing and detection [2]. The large production volume of VCSELs would benefit from a simplification of the manufacturing process flow that may largely increase the cost-effectiveness. Indeed, compared to the LED and LDs, the VCSEL fabrication process flow requires a large number of elementary steps defined by successive inter-aligned photolithography levels. A precision in the micron range is required to ensure the lateral alignment between the optical waveguide and the electrical injection. For these reasons, one of the most important concerns for the VCSEL manufacturers is to improve the production throughput by lowering the fabrication time and cost per wafer. The development of a self-aligned process is of great interest as already demonstrated for the fabrication of high performance HBT transistors or ridge lasers [3,4]. To that extent, Al-Omari [5] used a top metallic contact deposited over a photoresist layer as a hard mask to dry-etch the VCSEL mesa. Chua [6] developed a pseudo-planar approach by opening via holes down to the AlAs layer to carry out the lateral oxidation. This process has subsequently been improved by Strzelecka [7] to increase the device density. Recently, we have shown that air-post VCSELs could be created using an innovative self-aligned process, which combined several masking and lift-off steps defined by a single lithographic step [8]. In this paper, we extend this work and propose a new process flow to fabricate, in a very simple and straightforward way, the widely-used oxide-confined VCSELs. The demonstrated process drastically simplifies the oxide-confined VCSEL fabrication by reducing the total number of lithographic alignment steps from four or more to only one alignment, with the additional advantage of relieving the required tolerances. This process flow, most suitable for 3D imaging and sensing applications, can also be easily implemented for the fabrication of other optoelectronic devices such as modulators, ridge waveguide lasers, detectors, solar cells or any process combining dry etch, passivation and metallization.

Published
2017
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10. Analysis of the polarization of single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Angel Valle, Luis Pesquera, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandra Popp, Marc Sciamanna, Yanhua Hong, Florian Denis-le Coarer, Ana Quirce, Pablo Pérez, Research Foundation - Flanders, Université de Lorraine (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
bistability, chaos, Physics::Optics, Optical power, 02 engineering and technology, injection locked, DIODE, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, PARAMETERS, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, vcsels, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Physics, Semiconductor lasers, business.industry, Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, Single-mode optical fiber, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, dynamics, locking, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Bistability, business
Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the polarization switching found in single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to parallel optical injection. Our analysis focuses on a recently observed state in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are obtained. A simple nonlinear dependence between the power of both linear polarizations and the frequency detuning is found. Also, the total power emitted by the VCSEL is constant and independent of the injected optical power and the frequency detuning. We check these results experimentally for a variety of frequency detunings and bias currents applied to the device. We report experimental and theoretical stability maps in the injected power-frequency detuning plane for different bias currents, identifying the regions in which the state is observed. A simple analytical expression that describes the map boundary for large and negative frequency detunings is obtained. This provides a simple method to extract the linear dichroism of the device., Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-12-JS03-005); Ser Cymru National Research Network in Advanced Engineering and Materials; Prefecture de Lorraine and SGAR (APOLLO [FEDER/FNADT], PHOTON project [FEDER]); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) (TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P).

Published
2017
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11. Développement de briques technologiques pour la fabrication d’un VCSEL avec un modulateur intégré verticalement

Author

Marigo-Lombart, Ludovic, Arnoult, Alexandre, Mazenq, Laurent, Dubreuil, Pascal, Doucet, Jean-Baptiste, Rousset, Bernard, Mauran, Nicolas, Thienpont, Hugo, Panajotov, Krassimir, Almuneau, Guilhem, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

National audience

Published
2016

12. Vertical electro-absorption modulator design and its integration in a VCSEL

Author

Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Guilhem Almuneau, Alexandre Arnoult, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Figure of merit, QCSE, Quantum well, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, PEROT REFLECTION MODULATORS, QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES, WAVE-GUIDE MODULATORS, OPTICAL MODULATION, CAVITY LASER, THRESHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, REFRACTIVE-INDEX, GAAS, OPTIMIZATION, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, CMOS, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Electro-absorption modulators, either embedded in CMOS technology or integrated with a semiconductor laser, are of high interest for many applications such as optical communications, signal processing and 3D imaging. Recently, the integration of a surface-normal electro-absorption modulator into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser has been considered. In this paper we implement a simple quantum well electro-absorption model and design and optimize an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot semiconductor modulator while considering all physical properties within figures of merit. We also extend this model to account for the impact of temperature on the different parameters involved in the calculation of the absorption, such as refractive indices and exciton transition broadening. Two types of vertical modulator structures have been fabricated and experimentally characterized by reflectivity and photocurrent measurements demonstrating a very good agreement with our model. Finally, preliminary results of an electro-absorption modulator vertically integrated with a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser device are presented, showing good modulation performances required for high speed communications.

Published
2018
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13. Transverse Mode Switching and Locking in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Orthogonal Optical Injection

Author

Angel Valle, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Applied Physics and Photonics, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, LIGHT INJECTION, semiconductor lasers, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical bistability, Semiconductor laser theory, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 010309 optics, MECHANISMS, GENERATION, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, DYNAMICS, VCSELS, FEEDBACK, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, laser cavity resonators, laser modes, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, BEHAVIOR, TRANSMISSION, Optical polarization, laser mode locking, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; In this paper, we report on theoretical and experimental investigation on polarization and transverse mode behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under orthogonal optical injection as a function of the injection strength and of the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. We find that the injection power necessary to obtain such polarization switching is minimum at two different values of the frequency detuning: the first one corresponds to the frequency splitting between the two linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes, and the second one appears at a larger positive frequency detuning, close to the frequency difference between the first-order and the fundamental transverse modes of the solitary VCSEL. We show theoretically that both the depth and the frequency corresponding to the second minimum increase when the relative losses between the two transverse modes decrease. Bistability of the polarization switching is obtained for the whole frequency detuning range. Such a bistability is found for the fundamental mode only or for both transverse modes, depending on the value of the detuning. The theoretical and experimental optical spectra are in good agreement showing that the first-order transverse mode appears locked to the external injection.

Published
2007
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14. Mapping of the Dynamics Induced by Orthogonal Optical Injection in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Ignace Gatare, J.B. Altes, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the output characteristics of an oxide-confined AlGaAs-As quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under orthogonal optical injection are mapped as a function of the strength of the optical injection and the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser, for a very large range of frequency detuning (from -82 to 89 GHz). The injection light is polarized orthogonally with respect to the solitary VCSEL output light. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. Polarization switching is accompanied by a rich nonlinear dynamics, including limit cycle, wave mixing, subharmonic resonance and period doubling route to chaos. Polarization switching is found with but also without injection locking. Injection locking occurs with the slave fundamental transverse mode or, for large positive detunings, with the first-order transverse mode.

Published
2006
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15. Physical random bit generation from chaotic solitary laser diode

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Random number generation, Chaotic, Optical communication, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Entropy (information theory), Randomness, Physics, Laser diode, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, Laser, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, DYNAMICS, AMPLIFICATION, FEEDBACK, SYSTEMS, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), business, Optics (physics.optics), INJECTED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate the physical generation of random bits at high bit rates (> 100 Gb/s) using optical chaos from a solitary laser diode and therefore without the complex addition of either external optical feedback or injection. This striking result is obtained despite the low dimension and relatively small bandwidth of the laser chaos, i.e. two characteristics that have been so far considered as limiting the performances of optical chaos-based applications. We unambiguously attribute the successful randomness at high speed to the physics of the laser chaotic polarization dynamics and the resulting growth rate of the dynamical entropy., 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted

Published
2014
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16. Chaos déterministe dans la dynamique de polarisation d'une diode laser

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Virte, Martin, Thienpont, Hugo, Panajotov, Krassimir, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2014

17. Bistability of time-periodic polarization dynamics in a free-running VCSEL

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Bistability, business.industry, Linear polarization, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, Optics, Amplitude, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Bifurcation, Circular polarization, ANISOTROPIES, MODE
Abstract

We report experimentally a bistability between two limit cycles (i.e. time-periodic dynamics) in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The two limit cycles originate from a bifurcation on two elliptically polarized states which exhibit a small frequency difference and whose main axes are symmetrical with respect to the linear polarization eigenaxes at threshold. We demonstrate theoretically that this peculiar behavior can be explained in the framework of the spin-flip model model by taking into account a small misalignment between the phase and amplitude anisotropies. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America

Published
2014
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18. Extreme events driven by feedback in a nonlinear optical cavity

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Karsaklian Dal Bosco, Andreas, Caullet, Vianney, Mercier, Emeric, Marsal, Nicolas, Wolfersberger, Delphine, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

19. New insight into laser diode dynamics from phase-conjugate optical feedback

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Wolfersberger, Delphine, Karsaklian Dal Bosco, Andreas, Mercier, Emeric, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

20. Introduction to the special issue of Optical and Quantum Electronics related to the workshops 'PHysics and Applications of SEmiconductor LASERs' (PHASE 2007) and 'Instabilities, Patterns and Spatial SOlitons' (IPSSO 2007)

Author

Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, business.industry, Nanophotonics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Field (geography), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Acronym, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum information science, Telecommunications, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This special issue of Optical and Quantum Electronics is related to the workshops PHASE 2007 and IPSSO 2007, which took place in Supelec, Metz (France) on March 28–30, 2007. The acronym PHASE stands for “PHysics and Applications of SEmiconductor LASERs”. The acronym IPSSO stands for “Instabilities, Patterns and Spatial SOlitons”. The workshops brought together the photonics community in Europe and the scientific program was built to both acknowledge recent advances and emphasize modern trends in this field. The workshop PHASE 2007 was organized in the framework of the European Action COST 288 “Nanoscale andUltrafast Photonics”. COST is the acronym (in French) for “European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research”. It is a framework for international research and development cooperation, allowing for coordination of national research at European level. The main objective of the COST 288 Action is to advance the application of ultrafast nanophotonics to develop high capacity photonic communication infrastructures, as well as to provide a forum to bring forward advanced research on novel topics such as advanced optical signal processing and optical logic, microwave photonics and exploratory technologies (based on nanophotonics) such as quantum communication. PHASE 2007 was a continuation of the workshop PHASE 2005 which also took place at

Published
2008
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21. Mode competition induced by optical feedback in two-color quantum dot lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Optical amplifier, Physics, Distributed feedback laser, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, EXCITED-STATE, Physics::Optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Optical bistability, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical phase space, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Ground state, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We investigate theoretically the impact of optical feedback on quantum dot two-color laser dynamics when emitting from both the excited and the ground states. Detailed analysis of the laser dynamics is provided by numerical integrations and continuation techniques, as well as by analytical methods. As the feedback strength is increased the quantum dot laser undergoes a sequence of bifurcations involving steady-states, external cavity modes, self-pulsations and chaos. Furthermore, we report on two interesting mode competition results. First, the optical feedback favors the ground state emission; hence an increase of the feedback strength will generally lead to an increase of the ground state emission output power. Second, the optical feedback can select one lasing state or induce bistable switchings between different steady-states depending on the feedback strength and the injection current.

Published
2013
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22. Bifurcation to nonlinear polarization dynamics and chaos in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, ANISOTROPIES, TEMPERATURE, MECHANISMS, Fundamental frequency, Elliptical polarization, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Computational physics, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, MODE, 010309 optics, Light intensity, law, Limit cycle, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics
Abstract

In this contribution we provide an in depth theoretical analysis of the bifurcations leading to nonlinear polarization dynamics in a free-running vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). We detail the sequence of bifurcations that occurs when increasing the injection current, and which brings the laser from linear to elliptical polarization emission and then self-pulsating or even more complex chaotic dynamics of the light intensity. Continuation techniques allow us to follow the stable and unstable limit cycle solutions emerging from Hopf bifurcations, and therefore to interpret the frequency of the self-pulsating polarization dynamics. The fundamental frequency of the pulsating dynamics is either close to the laser relaxation oscillation frequency or close to the linear-birefringence-induced polarization mode frequency splitting, depending on the laser parameters. A systematic analysis of the parameter space allows us to identify two scenarios that are in excellent qualitative agreement with those reported in recent experiments. Our results provide, moreover, evidence for an interesting polarization mode hopping mechanism, i.e., a so-called deterministic mode hopping where the laser exhibits a chaotic and therefore random-like hopping between two states that are elliptically polarized and nonorthogonal. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.013834

Published
2013
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23. Optical injection dynamics of quantum dot lasers: influence of the excited states

Author

Lukasz Olejniczak, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Laser, Signal, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic physics, business, Ground state, Bifurcation, Wetting layer
Abstract

International audience; We analyze the influence of the excited states (ES) on the dynamics of optically injected quantum dot lasers. In our model carriers from the wetting layer are first being captured into the excited state and then relax to the ground state. Our results indicate that the dynamics of optically injected QD lasers are driven by the relaxation time in the sense that it scales the regions where the laser exhibits distinct behaviors. It also influences the size of the locking region. The capture time has minor effect and influences mainly static characteristics. Bifurcation maps are studied with the main focus on self-pulsations. In particular our results show that the dynamics of self-pulsations is consistent with experimental observations of excitable dynamics. To utilize the self-pulsations we propose and investigate properties and limitation of the system used for all-optical signal processing. In our approach the slave laser is switched by the information signal acting as a master laser between the locking region and the region of self-pulsations. The maximum bit rate of such a system has been estimated to be 0.5 GHz. This value can be improved to 1 GHz by applying correction to the detection algorithm. The correction reflects the nature of self-pulsations and is calculated from the distribution of the time the system needs to fire a pulse.

Published
2010
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24. 100 nm period grating by high-index phase-mask immersion lithography

Author

Yannick Bourgin, Yves Jourlin, Jurgen Van Erps, Richard M. De La Rue, O. Parriaux, Petri Karvinen, Anne Talneau, Nicolas Passilly, David Troadec, Svetlen Tonchev, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Colette Veillas, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Joensuu, Department of Physics and Mathematics (JOE), University of Joensuu, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Photonics Research Group, Centre for Communication, University of Bristol [Bristol], Dpt of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), European Project: 241479,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,NEMO(2009), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Lithography, Nanostructure fabrication, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Interference lithography, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, Photography, Nanotechnology, MIRRORS, ARRAYS, Diffraction grating, Immersion lithography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Subwavelength structures, INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY, FABRICATION, business.industry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Refractometry, Resist, Diffraction gratings, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Next-generation lithography
Abstract

The interferogram of a high index phase mask of 200 nm period under normal incidence of a collimated beam at 244 nm wavelength with substantially suppressed zeroth order produces a 100 nm period grating in a resist film under immersion. The paper describes the phase mask design, its fabrication, the effect of electron-beam lithographic stitching errors and optical assessment of the fabricated sub-cutoff grating. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Published
2010
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25. Polarization Switching in Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Dieter Bimberg, F. Hopfer, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alex Mutig, L. Olejniczak, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, semiconductor lasers, Elliptical polarization, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Polarization rotator, business.industry, Quantum dots, Optical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate experimental evidence of polarization switching accompanied by polarization-mode hopping in quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In our case, the polarization switching is associated with a change of linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized one, hence switching takes place between elliptically polarized states. Current-modulation measurements show that the polarization switching is of thermal origin.

Published
2009
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26. Impact of light polarization on chaos synchronization of mutually coupled VCSELs

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Atsushi Uchida, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, Coupling strength, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, business.industry, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, Injection locking, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

We demonstrate that dynamical polarization switching in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) has a profound impact on the chaotic dynamics in the system drastically improving the in-phase (anti-phase) synchronization between the modes of the two VCSELs with the same (orthogonal) polarizations. Furthermore, an exchange of the leader-laggard role is observed with the higher (lower) frequency VCSEL being the leader for lower (higher) coupling strength. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

Published
2008
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27. Présentation du NEMO Edukit

Author

Bourgin, Yannick, Jourlin, Yves, Chavel, Pierre, Thienpont, Hugo, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), NEMO (Network of Excellence on Micro-Optic), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
démonstrateur éducatif, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Micro-optique, élements optiques diffractants
Abstract

article de 3 Pages et poster; National audience; L'objectif du présent article est de présenter le kit éducatif développé dans le cadre du réseau d'excellence NEMO (Network of excellence on Micro Optics) du 6ème PCRD [1]. NEMO est un projet visant à rassembler des partenaires de plusieurs pays européen dans le domaine de la micro-optique. Pour convaincre les élèves, dès l'école primaire et jusqu'à la fin du secondaire, des applications et du rôle de l'optique et la micro-optique dans la vie quotidienne ou dans la recherche, plusieurs partenaires de NEMO ont collaborés à la création de ce kit éducatif.

Published
2008

28. Transverse mode competition effects on the dynamics of gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Mikel Arizaleta, Krassimir Panajotov, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
POLARIZATION, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Laser, Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Transverse plane, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

An experimental analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) when subject to a high-frequency current modulation is performed. Regular periodic dynamics-with periods equal to the modulation period or twice the modulation period-and irregular pulsating dynamics are obtained. Our results show that the irregular pulsating dynamics in multimode VCSELs subject to large-signal current modulation is due to the competition between different transverse modes. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2008
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29. Light polarization fingerprints on nonlinear dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, M. Arizaleta Arteaga, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
LOCKED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Materials science, Perturbation (astronomy), Physics::Optics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Modulation bandwidth, nonlinear dynamics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, 0103 physical sciences, STOCHASTIC RESONANCE, OPTICAL-INJECTION, General Materials Science, COHERENCE RESONANCE, MODULATION BANDWIDTH, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Radiation, Surface emission, business.industry, Laser, Polarization (waves), Nonlinear system, Coherence resonance, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, FEEDBACK, SYNCHRONIZATION, polarization behaviour of VCSEL, business, MODE COMPETITION, CHAOTIC SYSTEMS, LOCKING, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Abstract

In this paper we summarize the recent results on nonlinear dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) which are bearing the fingerprints of the particular polarization properties of VCSELs. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry, VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching and polarization mode-hopping. This provides new specificities to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced in VCSELs by an external perturbation. We unveil both experimentally and theoretically these new specificities for the case of optical feedback, optical injection, and unidirectional synchronization between VCSELs.

Published
2008
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30. Self-pulsating and chaotic dynamics in VCSELs with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Sciamanna, Marc, Gatare, Ignace, Panajotov, Krassimir, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2008

31. Double cavity feedback and experimental observation of coherence resonance

Author

M. Valencia, Manuel Lopez-Amo, M.A. Arteaga, Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Physics, Differential gain, Bistability, Linear polarization, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Optical bistability, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; We first discuss the effect of isotropic optical feedback from an extremely short external cavity (ESEC) (K. Petermann, 1195, K. Hsu, et al., 1998) on the emission properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). When changing the external cavity length a modulation of the total power and the wavelength emitted by the VCSEL is observed with a period of half the emission wavelength (K. Panajotov et al., 2004). By making use of a two modes rate equation VCSEL model we develop a map of bistability to investigate the parametric dependence of polarization properties of VCSELs in such configuration, finding out a periodic dependence of the polarization switching currents on the ESEC length (K. pajanotov, et al., 2004 and M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). By increasing the external mirror reflectivity we can make this periodic dependence stronger and strongly asymmetric providing the possibility to prevent PS for any injection current and thus, achieving polarization stabilization in VCSELs (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Further numerical simulations with isotropic and non isotropic feedback show how parameters as gain compression coefficients, frequency splitting between the linearly polarized modes, differential gain and the mirror reflectivity, affect the map of bistability (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). The theoretical results are supported by extensive experimental mapping (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). The switching currents and the hysteresis width can be widely tuned by varying the external cavity length. The amplitude of modulation of the polarization switching current with the external cavity length is experimentally confirmed to be proportional to the external mirror reflectivity, proving its key role in achieving polarization control of such lasers using optical feedback. Moreover, by a proper choice of the optical feedback parameters, the emission can be stabilized in any of the two linearly polarized modes (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Finally, by maki- - ng use of the fine-polarization tuning provided by the ESEC feedback we report on the experimental observation of coherence resonance in a bistable system with delay (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Our system consists of a VCSEL subject to time-delayed optical feedback simultaneously from a long and from extremely short external cavity. Coherence resonance is experimentally proven by analysis of the residence time distribution of the polarization mode-hopping regime and of the signal to noise ratio in the power spectrum.

Published
2008
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32. Excitation of a two-mode limit cycle dynamics on the route to polarization switching in a VCSEL subject orthogonal to optical injection

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Michel Nizette, Ignace Gatare, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, Hopf bifurcation, bifurcations, nonlinear dynamics, business.industry, Linear polarization, Physics::Optics, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, Limit cycle, optical injection, polarization switching, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, symbols, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), 010306 general physics, business, Excitation
Abstract

We experimentally and numerically report on polarization switching (PS) mechanism which involves a two-mode limit cycle dynamics in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection from a master laser (ML). The VCSEL (slave laser, SL) emits a horizontal linearly polarized (LP) fundamental mode, without optical injection. The VCSEL is injected by a vertically polarized light from ML. Dynamical characteristics of the VCSEL are investigated as a function of optical injection parameters, i.e., injection strength and frequency detuning between master and slave lasers. We experimentally resolve an injection parameter region for which, as the injection strength is increased for fixed detunings, a limit cycle dynamics in both non-injected and injected modes is abruptly excited. For larger injection strengths, the VCSEL switches from the two-mode to a single-mode limit cycle dynamics which involves only the injected mode. Using continuation methods, we numerically identify two torus bifurcation mechanisms, namely TR 1 and TR 2 , which support such a switching scenario. We show that both TR 1 and TR 2 originate from a particular Hopf bifurcation which plays a key role in the polarization dynamics of the injected VCSEL. Furthermore, our results reveal that the newly observed switching dynamics are generic features of VCSEL two-mode systems.

Published
2008
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33. Irregular pulsating polarization dynamics in gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Angel Valle, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, polarization switching, nonlinear dynamics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, spontaneous emission noise, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), Spontaneous emission, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Exponential decay, MODULATED DIODE-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, TRANSVERSE-MODE DYNAMICS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, OPTICAL FEEDBACK, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, BIFURCATION, BEHAVIOR, CHAOS, business, Current modulation
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; International audience; In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical investigation on the nonlinear dynamics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes of verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under sinusoidal current modulation. Irregular pulses of the power of individual polarizations are measured with a period equal to twice the modulation period. In contrast with individual polarizations, total power displays regular pulsing at twice the modulation period. The variability of pulse streams is characterized by using residence times distributions. We show that the residence time distributions for individual linear polarizations display an exponential decay for large values of that time. Those results are well reproduced by using a theoretical model that includes spontaneous emission fluctuations. However the previous qualitative features remain even in the absence of spontaneous emission noise. Our results therefore suggest that the irregular polarization dynamics have a deterministic origin and can be defined as deterministic chaos.

Published
2008
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34. Bifurcation to polarization switching and locking in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with optical injection

Author

Michel Nizette, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, semiconductor lasers, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, surface emitting lasers, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Torus bifurcation, Optics, law, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, BISTABILITY, DYNAMICS, SUBJECT, 010306 general physics, Bifurcation, Hopf bifurcation, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Oscillation, business.industry, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, bifurcation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, symbols, business
Abstract

International audience; We unveil the bifurcations underlying polarization switching and injection locking in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to optical injection. A Hopf bifurcation, not reported for conventional edgeemitting lasers, delimits the injection locking region and influences the polarization switching conditions. We furthermore theoretically show and experimentally observe periodic dynamics at the relaxation oscillation frequency in the noninjected mode together with wave-mixing dynamics in the injected mode. These dynamics precede the polarization switching leading to injection locking and are attributed to a torus bifurcation arising on a two-polarization mode solution.

Published
2007
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35. Polarization Synchronization Properties of Unidirectionally Coupled VCSELs

Author

Alexandre Locquet, Krassimir Panajotov, I. Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Chaotic, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Synchronization, no keywords, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Laser, Polarization (waves), Nonlinear system, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We report theoretically on the dynamics of two vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) coupled unidirectionally through their optical fields, in the context of chaos synchronization and its use for chaos secure communications. One of the two VCSELs is rendered chaotic by optical feedback effects and injects its chaotic output into a second, slave VCSEL. Two different injection schemes are analyzed. A first configuration is such that the master VCSEL injects light polarized orthogonal to that emitted by the free-running slave VCSEL. The orthogonal optical injection induces polarization switching of the slave VCSEL, leading to polarization synchronization between master and slave. A second configuration considers a polarization-preserving optical injection. We report on anticipative and isochronous polarization synchronization and interestingly, we show that VCSEL polarization mode competition enhances the synchronization quality.

Published
2007
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36. Mapping of transverse mode locking and switching in VCSELs under orthogonal optical injection

Author

Ignace Gatare, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, no keyword, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Transverse mode, Optical bistability, Injection locking, Transverse plane, Optics, Mode-locking, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; An experimental and theoretical investigation of polarization switching (PS) and transverse mode locking of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection was provided. Experimental mapping of the polarization switching and transverse modes competition in the plane of frequency detuning vs. injection power was performed. It is shown that PS is achieved with bistability over the whole frequency detuning range.

Published
2007
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37. Bifurcation and nonlinear dynamics accompanying polarization switching in a VCSEL subject to orthogonal optical injection

Author

Michel Nizette, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, no keyword, Linear polarization, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Stimulated emission, 0210 nano-technology, business, Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we investigate theoretically the interplay between polarization switching (PS) and nonlinear dynamics in a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection from a master laser (ML). The free-running VCSEL is biased such that only the horizontal (x) linearly polarized fundamental (LP) mode is excited. The injected VCSEL is then modeled using an extension of the spin flip model (SFM). We perform a bifurcation analysis using continuation techniques that allow tracking bifurcation of both stable and unstable solutions.

Published
2007
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38. Synchronization regimes of unidirectionally coupled VCSELs with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Alexandre Locquet, M. Sciamannal, K. Panaiotov, Ignace Gatare, Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Isotropy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, law.invention, Injection locking, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; It is shown numerically that two fundamentally different regimes (I and II) of isochronous synchronization are possible, depending on the detuning between the lasers and the strength of the optical injection into the slave. We consider a master laser subjected to isotropic optical feedback and which is optically coupled, in a unidirectional way, to an open-loop slave laser. A master laser which exhibits a dominant x-LP mode and a weak y-LP mode was chosen. The x-LP mode was selected, rotate it to y direction, and optically inject it in the slave laser, which, under free-running conditions, emits x-polarized light.

Published
2007
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39. Synchronization of chaos in mutually coupled VCSELs: numerical study

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Atsushi Uchida, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, no keyword, business.industry, Synchronization of chaos, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Laser, Optical chaos, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; This work investigates numerically the impact of the polarization mode competition and the frequency detuning between the two lasers on the chaos synchronization of mutually coupled VCSELs. To this aim , a simple rate-equation model of single transverse-mode VCSEL is implemented.

Published
2007
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40. Coherence resonance in a time-delayed bistable system

Author

Panajotov, Krassimir, Arizaleta Arteaga, Mikel, Valencia, Miguel, Sciamanna, Marc, López-Amo, Manuel, Thienpont, Hugo, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL
Abstract

[poster]

Published
2007

41. Polarization dynamics in externally-driven VCSELs

Author

Panajotov, Krassimir, Gatare, Ignace, Thienpont, Hugo, Locquet, Alexandre, Nizette, Michel, Uchida, Atsushi, Sciamanna, Marc, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Van Luchene, Sébastien, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Physics::Optics
Abstract

International audience; We will present a survey on our experimental and theoretical studies on polarization dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) in three situations, namely optical injection, unidirectional synchronization under optical feedback and mutual coupling.

Published
2007

42. Nonlinear dynamics of the polarization of multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under current modulation

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
optical chaos, BEHAVIOR, INJECTION, SELECTION, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, VCSELS, CHAOS, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, DIODE-LASERS, 010309 optics, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, dichroism, high-speed optical techniques, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, laser cavity resonators, Period-doubling bifurcation, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], optical modulation, business.industry, nonlinear optics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Nonlinear system, bifurcation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Excitation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we report on a theoretical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of the polarization of multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under current modulation. Special attention is given to the comparison with a previously studied case of single-transverse mode VCSEL emitting in two orthogonal polarizations. The consideration of spatial effects in VCSEL modifies the polarization dynamics that accompanies the period doubling route to chaos for large modulation amplitudes. Depending on the modulation parameters, the excitation of a higher order transverse mode may either induce chaotic pulsing in an otherwise regularly pulsating VCSEL, or induce a time-periodic pulsing dynamics in an otherwise chaotic VCSEL. Bifurcation diagrams obtained for different modulation frequencies, several values of the dichroism, and different transverse mode characteristics allow us to identify the different scenarios of polarization dynamics in a directly modulated VCSEL. Temporal analysis of carrier number radial profile reveals considerable changes for the multitransverse mode case only constituting the physical origin of the reported changes in the temporal and polarization dynamics.

Published
2007
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43. Bifurcations to polarization switching and locking in optically injected VCSELs

Author

Gatare, Ignace, Sciamanna, Marc, Nizette, Michel, Panajotov, Krassimir, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Published
2007

44. Polarization dynamics in VCSELs subject to high-frequency current modulation

Author

Valle, Ángel, Sciamanna, Marc, Panajotov, Krassimir, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic
Published
2007

45. Frequency-induced polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Ignace Gatare, Krassimir Panajotov, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Optical bistability, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LOCKING, DIODES, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Polarization rotator, business.industry, laser beams, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, laser theory, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We report theoretically on a pure frequency-induced polarization bistability in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection, i.e., the master laser light polarization is orthogonal to that of the slave VCSEL. As the frequency detuning is scanned from negative to positive values and for a fixed injected power, the VCSEL exhibits two successive and possibly bistable polarization switchings. The first switching (from the slave laser polarization to the injected light polarization) exhibits a bistable region whose width is maximum for a given value of the injected power. Such a dependency of hysteresis width on the injected power is similar to that recently found experimentally by Hong et al.[Electron. Lett. 36, 2019 (2000)]. The bistability accompanying the second switching (from the injected light polarization back to the slave laser free-running polarization) exhibits, however, significantly different features related to the occurrence of optical chaos. Interestingly, the width of the bistable region can be tuned over a large range not only by modifying the injection parameters but also by modifying the device parameters, in particular the VCSEL linewidth enhancement factor.

Published
2007
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46. Polarization synchronization in unidirectionally coupled VCSELs

Author

Gatare, Ignace, Sciamanna, Marc, Locquet, Alexandre, Panajotov, Krassimir, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL
Abstract

Poster

Published
2007

47. Fabrication and characterization of microlens arrays using a cantilever-based spotter

Author

Heidi Ottevaere, Véronique Bardinal, Christophe Levallois, Hugo Thienpont, Corinne Vergnenègre, Emmanuelle Daran, Thierry Camps, Thierry Leichle, Jean-Baptiste Doucet, Véronique Conédéra, Franck Carcenac, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Fabrication, Cantilever, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, 02 engineering and technology, OCIS: 160.5470, 220.3630, 220.4000, 350.3950, Micro-optics, Optical polymers and other organic optical materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical microscope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Focal length, Micro-optical devices and technology, Lenses, Microlens, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Integrated optics, Optical Design and Fabrication, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, MICROSYSTEM, LENSES, GLASS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interferometry, Polymer reactions and polymerization, Optical materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We present a quantitative study on the fabrication of microlenses using a low-cost polymer dispending technique. Our method is based on the use of a silicon micro-cantilever robotized spotter system. We first give a detailed description of the technique. In a second part, the fabricated microlenses are fully characterized by means of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) non contact optical profilometry and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Diameters in the range [25-130 mu m] are obtained with an average surface roughness of 2.02nm. Curvature radii, focal lengths as well as aberrations are also measured for the first time: the fabricated microlenses present focal lengths in the range [55-181 mu m] and exhibit high optical quality only limited by diffraction behaviour with RMS aberration lower than lambda/14. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Published
2007
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48. Round-robin measurements of linewidth enhancement factor of semiconductor lasers in COST 288 action

Author

R. Green, Guillaume Huyet, M. Saarinen, M. Pessa, Pascal Landais, Silvano Donati, Ignacio Garces, A. Lindberg, C. Kouloumentas, J.-F. Hayau, J. Poette, J. Lasobras, W. Elsasser, K. Panajotov, J. Von Staden, P. Leinonen, Mauro Pereira, P. Moreno, Richard Schatz, Guido Giuliani, Ioannis Tomkos, T. Fordell, JL Pozo, Judy M Rorison, D. Klonidis, Andrea Fiore, V. Vilokkinen, M. Rossetti, R. Nelander, Frédéric Grillot, A. Tredicucci, A. Wacker, Pascal Besnard, R. Escorihuela, M. Chacinski, Marc Sciamanna, Jan Danckaert, Asier Villafranca, Physics, Applied Physics, Applied Physics and Photonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Semiconductor Nanophotonics, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, no keyword, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Action (physics), law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; Round-Robin measurements on the linewidth enhancement factor are carried out in many laboratories participating to EU COST 288 Action. Up to 7 different techniques are applied to DFB, VCSELs, QCL, and QD lasers, and results are compared.

Published
2007
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49. Polarization synchronization in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Alexandre Locquet, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux Organiques à Propriétés Spécifiques (LMOPS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
CHAOTIC SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, number͑s͒: 05, Ϫa, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, BISTABILITY, SUBJECT, VCSELS, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Linear polarization, business.industry, Isotropy, laser feedback, Polarization (waves), Laser, surface emitting lasers, laser feedback, optical switches, laser tuning, SELF-MODULATION, FEEDBACK, COMMUNICATION, DYNAMICS, MODE, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Sf, business, laser tuning
Abstract

International audience; We analyze theoretically the polarization dynamics in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers ͑VCSELs͒. The master VCSEL is subject to an isotropic optical feedback. The slave VCSEL is subject to an orthogonal optical injection from the master VCSEL, i.e., only the linearly polarized mode orthogonal to the dominant linearly polarized mode of the free-running slave VCSEL is injected into the slave VCSEL. This laser configuration may lead the slave VCSEL polarization to switch to that of the injected master laser field. The injected power required for polarization switching depends on the frequency detuning. We identify in the plane of the injection parameters two regions of enhanced synchronization between the injected LP mode and the corresponding slave LP mode. In the so-called region II the slave VCSEL exhibits anticorrelated dynamics in its two LP modes while in the so-called region I the slave VCSEL exhibits dynamics in only one LP mode, which corresponds to the polarization of the injected field. The two regions exhibit different synchronization properties in both the LP mode dynamics and total intensity dynamics. We furthermore analyze the dependency of the synchronization quality on the parameter mismatch between master and slave VCSELs and on the polarization switching properties of each VCSEL.

Published
2006
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50. Interplay of optical feedback and polarization dynamics in VCSELs

Author

Panajotov, Krassimir, Thienpont, Hugo, Sciamanna, Marc, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, laser noise, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, bifurcation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, semiconductor lasers, laser feedback, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience; We present experimental and theoretical studies of nonlinear dynamics induced by optical feedback in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) focusing on the impact of polarization mode competition. We unveil the bifurcation mechanism leading to multiple channels of interchanging linearly polarized (LP) steady states, study the way of their destabilization and the role of the external cavity modes and the polarization of light in this process. We distinguish two situations depending on the dichroism present in the VCSEL. In the first one, as typical for semiconductor lasers, with increasing the optical feedback strength the VCSEL exhibits a Hopf bifurcation from steady state to a limit cycle followed by a torus bifurcation to quasiperiodic behavior and then can become chaotic. Bistability between different single polarization dynamics: steady-state, periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic dynamics is possible, however, the suppressed polarization mode is never excited. In the second case, when the VCSEL is biased in the region of polarization bistability, increasing the feedback strength can not only cause polarization switching but can also lead to chaotic emission in the two LP modes. Polarization switching can happen from a limit cycle in the x-LP mode to a steady state in the y-LP mode which then undergoes consecutive Hopf and torus bifurcations and becomes chaotic. Bistability between chaotic two LP mode emission and periodic single LP mode emission is demonstrated. We also consider the case of polarization selective optical feedback and the influence of the spontaneous emission noise or external noise in the system. For the last situation we demonstrate slow antiphase hopping between the two LP modes together with rapid anticorrelated oscillations in the LP intensities at the external-cavity frequency. These last dynamics can be strongly enhanced by the noise leading to the phenomenon of coherence resonance. Finally, we consider the transition from long to short external cavity and show that the typical low-frequency fluctuation chaotic dynamics is anticipated by a regime of regular dynamics - fast pulses at the delay time modulated by a slow time periodic envelope. We discuss the interplay of optical feedback and polarization dynamics in this regime, too.

Published
2006

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