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Enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is one of the innovative geotechnical techniques to reinforce the soil. Specifically, urease can be directly utilized to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea, and then form the calcium carbonate crystals. EICP has promising potential to control rainfall-induced erosion. However, previous research has focused primarily on the overall effect of erosion reduction. It is still lacking in the influence of EICP on erosion processes under different erosion patterns. Among them, different erosion patterns are characterized by distinct processes and mechanisms, where sheet erosion is the initial phase of slope erosion to serve as the most important evolution of soil erosion. It is one of the most complex processes of slope water erosion, indicating significant sediment sorting. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of EICP spray treatment on sheet erosion and sediment sorting. The purple soil slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) was taken as the research object. Six spraying treatments (bare slope as control check (CK), only urease spray treatment, and EICP spray treatment with 4 cementing solution concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mol/L)) were set. Simulated rainfall experiments with two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm/h) were carried out to analyze the sheet erosion (including runoff and erosion) and the sediment sorting of sub-rainfall events. Moreover, the microscopic influence mechanism of EICP on sheet erosion was revealed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the total runoff for only urease spray treatment increased on average by 10.68%, whereas, the total erosion was reduced on average by 43.74%, respectively, compared with the CK; The total runoff under EICP spray treatments increased on average by 29.51% to 50.76%, whereas, there was the decrease on average by 85.57% to 90.90%, respectively. The only urease spray treatment showed a certain effect on increasing runoff and reducing sediment. While the EICP spray treatment showed a significant effect on increasing runoff and reducing sediment (P<0.05). The increasing runoff and reducing sediment shared an increasing trend followed by the reduction with the increase of cementing solution concentrations. The cementing solution concentration of 1.5 mol/L performed the best. However, there was no significant difference in the total runoff and erosion among EICP spray treatments with different cementing solution concentrations (P>0.05), indicating the low concentration (0.5 mol/L) suitable for the control of sheet erosion. The erosion sediment exhibited a distinct sorting with the enrichment of clay, fine silt, and coarse silt particles and a depletion of sand particles. The degree of sediment sorting was reduced after EICP spray treatment, with a decrease in clay content and an increase in coarse sand particle content in the erosion sediment. Microscopic analysis showed that the spherical calcium carbonate precipitates and urease filaments often appeared in the gaps and/or on the surfaces of soil particles after EICP spray treatment. The soil was reinforced to enhance the erosion resistance, leading to reduced soil erosion. The infiltration was reduced to increase the runoff production. The finding can also provide theoretical support to the sheet erosion reduction of EICP for the soil and water conservation in the TGRA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective］ Tb investigate the effects and applicability of different intercropping patterns of medicinal herbs on water, soil, and nutrient losses in young oil tea gardens on red soil slopes. Methods］ Runoff plot experiments were carried out in Jiangxi Province, a major province for cultivating traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, with interplanting above-ground harvested medicinal herb of Ai pattern (YA), interplanting below-ground harvested medicinal herb of Yujin + vegetative hedges pattern (YY), traditional conservation measure of straw mulching + moisture furrow pattern (YC"), and clean tillage pattern for control (CK). Observation of runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus losses under natural rainfall events, and comprehensive benefit evaluation of each pattern were carried out. Results] (1) All conservation measures significantly reduced water, soil, and nutrient losses in young oil tea plantations, except for the clean-till age mode. Compared with CK, the runoff reduction effects of YA, YC and YY amounted to 15.22%： 67.30% and 64.12%, respectively; the sediment reduction effects amounted to 72.63%, 97.19% and 98.19%, respectively; the decrease in total nitrogen (TN) loss was 57.86%, 96.53% and 95.87%, respectively; and the decrease in total phosphorus (TP) loss was 32.18%, 98.62% and 98.86%, respectively. (2) Under moderate rain, heavy rain and rainstorm, YY pattern all showed good soil and water conservation and nutrient interception effects, with runoff reduction effects and sediment reduction effects ranged from 45.11% to 83.25% and 96.08% to 99.02%, respectively. The nitrogen and phosphorus reduction effects ranged from 83.02% to 99.14% and 88.38% to 99.65%, respectively; whereas YA pattern only had a better nutrient interception effect under moderate and heavy rain, the soil and water conservation effect under heavy rain was not obvious. (3) Based on the TOPSTS model, the comprehensive benefits of the four patterns were evaluated and ranked as YY (0.48) A YC (().29) > YA (0.23) > CK (().()2). Conclusion] Below-ground harvesting of medicinal herb Yujin + plant hedge mode is the most economical and effective management measure to control soil erosion and nutrient losses of young oil tea plantation on red soil slope in this experiment. Selecting medicinal herbs with staggered harvesting period and erosion risk period will better utilize the ecological benefits of interplanting medicinal herbs, and can avoid additional nutrient losses of young oil tea plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the mechanisms and patterns of runoff generation in watersheds is fundamental to building hydrological and soil erosion models. It also provides important guidance for watershed water resources management and rational utilization. In order to reveal the in- fluence of vegetation restoration on the runoff production mechanism and model of the Loess Plateau, the Dongzhuanggou watershed, which is dominated by natural grassland restoration, and the Yangjiagou watershed, which is dominated by afforestation restorationin in the gullied loess plateaus were taken as research areas. The flood process lines and regression curves of two contrasting small catchments under different rainfall types were analyzed, and the change of runoff production pattern in the gullied region of loess plateau under vegetation restoration was studied. The results indicate that with the restoration of the watershed's vegetation and its eco-hydrological functions in these small water- sheds, annual runoff generation capacity decreases, while water retention capacity increases. Vegetation restoration effectively reduces peak flow and prolongs flood duration, especially the recession period of the flood, thereby achieving the effect of flood mitigation. Under the influence of vegetation restoration, the runoff generation pattern tends to shift from the traditional infiltration-excess runoff pattern to a shallow sub- surface saturation runoff pattern. This change demonstrates that vegetation restoration can effectively mitigate floods and thus play a significant role in flood control and disaster reduction. Additionally, it can efficiently transform generalized precipitation resources into soil water and interflow, regulate the seasonal distribution of streamflow, increase ecological water use, and promote the healthy and stable development of vegetation ecosystems in semi-arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil erosion is a major global environmental concern. Safeguarding soil and water resources requires a comprehensive understanding of erosion processes to proactively address and manage soil erosion. Accurately identifying key erosion features and implementing targeted soil and water conservation efforts are therefore imperative. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote-sensing technology offers a novel method for advancing soil erosion research. As UAV applications in this field continue to progress, it is essential to systematically review and compare recent developments in soil erosion research between China and other countries so as to anticipate future research directions. In this study, we used the CiteSpace software to perform a bibliometric analysis of 871 Chinese and English articles published from 2008 to 2022 that were indexed in the Web of Science core database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Using statistical data from these publication databases, CiteSpace, Scimago Graphica, and ArcGIS, visual network maps were generated to summarize the fundamental characteristics and research hotspots related to UAV use in soil erosion research. The results indicate that the overall trend of UAV use in soil erosion studies is increasing. Countries such as the UK, France, Italy, Germany, and Australia have taken the lead, resulting in significant academic influences. Chinese researchers have built on mature research conducted abroad and are actively innovating, resulting in more publications and a growing academic impact. Globally, soil erosion research has predominantly focused on UAV photogrammetric technology and soil erosion mechanisms. Global research hotspots include the acquisition and integration of UAV and multi-source remote sensing data in erosion studies, innovative improvements in UAV-based erosion monitoring and information extraction algorithms, hydrological sediment connectivity and soil erosion model construction using UAV data as a source, and improvements to erosion disaster investigation, prevention, and comprehensive management of soil and water conservation based on UAV remote sensing data. Based on the current state of Chinese and international research, future studies should investigate data processing algorithms, establish precise evaluation and improvement methodologies, and strengthen multi-source and multi-scale data integration to establish the data foundation for understanding sedimentation mechanisms. Additionally, we recommend rationally arranging soil and water conservation measures based on erosion prevention mechanisms, as well as balancing erosion controls, ecological restoration, and sustainable production during the implementation of soil and water conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Black soil erosion gullies pose a significant risk to the food security in the northeast of China, and the vast majority of them located in the cold environment. As a universal method of erosion gully control, the check dam faces the complex environmental threats of the freezing area. Confronting the issue of check dams in colder regions being unstable due to various factors like freezing, thawing, snowmelt and rainfall, a novel technology is introduced for managing black soil erosion gullies in cold regions, named ecological flexible gangue soil check dam. This check dam is composed of soil, soil filtering and anti-washout geosynthetics, gangue articulated blocks and plant protection, and offers benefits such as local materials, time efficiency, flexibility, stability, solid waste utilization, stone replacement, and advantageous cuttings,et al. This paper gives the design concept, the key parameters of the check dam and the crucial technologies for practical application, which constitutes a complete set of procedures. The results of field tests reveal that the deformation capacity of the ecological flexible gangue soil check dam is concentrated between -0.051 8 m and 0.030 7 m, within the acceptable range. Neither the channel before nor after the check dam widened, and the sediment deposition depth ranged between 17 cm and 67 cm. The soil erosion is significantly reduced. The vegetation coverage increased by 30% over the course of one year. This suggests the robust stability, governance effect, and substantial ecological advantages of the dam. The innovative ecological flexible gangue soil check dam surpasses the conventional check dam design by integrating eco-technology with organic engineering, offering fresh concepts and methods to manage erosion gully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] In order to clarify the law of sediment yield and sediment loss of different land use types under different rainfall types, and to evaluate the benefit of sediment reduction of different land use types under different rainfall types. [Methods] Based on the monitoring data of runoff and soil loss under natural rainfall conditions over 2015-2016 in 31 runoff plots located in the Loess Plateau of China the characteristics of sediment yield and loss in different land use types, including farmlands, abandoned lands, artificial grasslands, natural grasslands, shrublands and artificial forest lands were discussed. The efficiency of runoff and sediment reduction for each land use type under different rainfall types was determined. [Results] The runoff and soil loss of abandoned lands were the largest (30 mm, 86 t/hm²) and artificial forest lands were the smallest (8 mm, 24 t/hm) under the annual rainfall scale, and there was no significant difference between other land use types. Through the application of duster analysis a total of 120 rainfall events were categorized into three distinct rainfall types based on criteria that included amount, duration, and maximum intensity of rainfall in a 30-minute period. That is, Rainfall Type 1; characterised by moderate rainfall duration (749 min), moderate rainfall volume (35.4 mm), and moderate rainfall intensity (16.9 mm/ h); Rainfall Type II; comprising short-duration rainfall (222 min), moderate rainfall volume (25.2 mm), and intense rainfall intensity (23.8 mm/h); Rainfall Type III: involving a long duration of rainfall (1 451 min), substantial rainfall volume (40.6 mm), but low intensity of rainfall (11.5 mm/h). When considering the impact of these types of rainfall within the given scale, the study observed the following trends, for the runoff coefficient, exhibiting Rainfall Type II exhibiting Rainfall Type II > Rainfall Type 1 Rainfall Type III Rainfall Type I, while for soil loss, Rainfall Type III. The runoff coefficient of Rainfall Type I was significantly higher than that of other land use types, reaching 17.7%, which was 2.36 times that of artificial forest land. There were no significant difference in runoff coefficient under Rainfall Type II, and the average runoff coefficient was 19.9%. The runoff coefficient of abandoned lands, artificial grasslands, natural grasslands, and farmlands (average of 14.3%) was significantly higher than that of shrublands and artificial forest lands (averaging at 9.0%). The soil loss of famlands, artificial grasslands, shmblands and artificial forest lands under Rainfall Type II (3.94, 0.87, 1.06, 1.08 t/hm²) > Rainfall Type I (1.60,0.60,0.59.0.63 t/hm²) > Rainfall Type III (0.09, 0.20, 0.06, 0.04 t/hm²). [Conclusion] In the Loess Plateau, the artificial forest land was the first choice to control soil and water loss effectively under the condition of medium-low rainfall intensity and medium-long duration rainfall, and the soil and water conservation effect of shrubland and grassland was better under short-duration heavy rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective]The aim of this study are to explore the characteristics of hydrodynamic parameters on the slope runoff of two typical artificial disturbance engineering accumulations, bare slope and soil rock mixture under rainfall conditions, to quantify the critical conditions for erosion dynamics of accumulations, and to lie the foundation for elucidating the erosion dynamics mechanism of accumulations. [Methods]This study focused on the loose red soil engineering accumulation as the research object. The runoff dynamic hydrodynamic characteristics of bare slope and mixed soil and rock accumulation(20％gravel content)under different rainfall intensity conditions through simulated rainfall experiments were analyzed. The critical dynamic conditions for erosion of different accumulations were quantified. The research on the internal mechanisms of accumulation erosion was conducted. [Results]The runoff of accumulations changed from laminar slow flow to laminar jet flow, and DarcyWeisbach increased by 1. 40～3. 54 times, with the increase of rainfall intensity from 1. 0 mm/min to 2. 0 mm/min. The runoff shear stress and runoff power of the accumulation showed an overall increasing trend with the increase of rainfall intensity. When the rainfall intensity was 1. 0 mm/min, the average runoff shear stress of the soil rock mixed accumulation decreased by 44. 99％compared to the bare slope. However, when the rainfall intensity was more than 1. 5 mm/min, it increased by 2. 90％～18. 50％. The gravel action reduced the average runoff power by 10. 38％～68. 13％compared to bare slopes under three rainfall intensities. The gravel action also reduced the unit runoff power and the unit energy of the water flow section by 20. 11％～40. 45％and 21. 06％～37. 57％, respectively. The runoff power parameter was used to characterize the dynamic changes of slope erosion in accumulations. When the rainfall intensity was less than 1. 5 mm/min, gravel could inhibit accumulation erosion, and the critical runoff power increased by 19. 38％～138. 12％, resulting in a decrease of 79. 87％～83. 51％in soil erodibility. When the rainfall intensity reached up to 2. 0 mm/min, the critical runoff power decreased by 97. 87％, and the soil erodibility increased by 347. 43％. [Conclusion]Rainfall intensity has a significant impact on the hydrodynamic parameters of both bare slopes and mixed soil and rock accumulations. However, as rainfall intensity increases, the role of gravel in regulating erosion of the accumulations will change, a critical rainfall intensity can be indentified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The study aims to explore the effects of soil and water conservation investment on regional landscape patterns, ecosystem services value(ESV), and the agricultural economy. This investigation can provide rational reference for regional ecological construction and high-quality development.[Methods]The data focusing on soil and water conservation investment and land use from 2009 to 2020 in Henan Province were utilized. The contribution of this investment to the agricultural economy was measured through Cobb-Douglas production function and an evaluation method of input-output performance. The evolution of landscape patterns, transformations in different land use patterns, and the spatial-temporal variation of ESV in Henan Province were analyzed using landscape pattern indices, land use transfer matrix, and the equivalent factor method.[Results]A general upward trend was found in the economic benefits and the input-output ratio(ROI)of soil and water conservation investment in agriculture sector of Henan Province between 2009 and 2020.However, the investment efficiency exhibited a decrease trend, reaching its lowest point in 2018.A significant correlation was observed between the ESV, patch area index, patch density index, patch cohesion index, and the ROI of soil and water conservation investment exhibited a significant correlation. The connectivity and aggregation of forest and grass patch landscapes experienced a decline, contributing to an intensification of landscape fragmentation. The ESV exhibited a trend of initial decrease followed by subsequent increase, with the most increase occurring between 2012 and 2017, accompanied by an average annual growth of CNY 842 million. Spatially, changes in landscape pattern and ESV occurred along a herringbone curve that combines contour lines with the boundaries of natural geomorphic zones. However, landscape pattern and ESV changed little within the area divided by the curve.[Conclusion]The role of soil and water conservation investment in enhancing the natural environment of agriculture is gradually surpassing its role in generating economic value within the agricultural sector. Optimizing the investment structure can enhance the restoration and improvement of the ecological environment in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The study aims to explore the effects of soil and water conservation investment on regional landscape patterns, ecosystem services value(ESV), and the agricultural economy. This investigation can provide rational reference for regional ecological construction and high-quality development. [Methods]The data focusing on soil and water conservation investment and land use from 2009 to 2020 in Henan Province were utilized. The contribution of this investment to the agricultural economy was measured through Cobb-Douglas production function and an evaluation method of input-output performance. The evolution of landscape patterns, transformations in different land use patterns, and the spatial-temporal variation of ESV in Henan Province were analyzed using landscape pattern indices, land use transfer matrix, and the equivalent factor method. [Results]A general upward trend was found in the economic benefits and the input-output ratio(ROI)of soil and water conservation investment in agriculture sector of Henan Province between 2009 and 2020. However, the investment efficiency exhibited a decrease trend, reaching its lowest point in 2018. A significant correlation was observed between the ESV, patch area index, patch density index, patch cohesion index, and the ROI of soil and water conservation investment exhibited a significant correlation. The connectivity and aggregation of forest and grass patch landscapes experienced a decline, contributing to an intensification of landscape fragmentation. The ESV exhibited a trend of initial decrease followed by subsequent increase, with the most increase occurring between 2012 and 2017, accompanied by an average annual growth of CNY 842 million. Spatially, changes in landscape pattern and ESV occurred along a herringbone curve that combines contour lines with the boundaries of natural geomorphic zones. However, landscape pattern and ESV changed little within the area divided by the curve. [Conclusion]The role of soil and water conservation investment in enhancing the natural environment of agriculture is gradually surpassing its role in generating economic value within the agricultural sector. Optimizing the investment structure can enhance the restoration and improvement of the ecological environment in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the study was to explore the rainwater harvesting effect and erosion damage resistance of different types of artificial biocrusted soil surfaces in the hilly region of Chinese Loess Plateau. [Methods] The biocrusted soil surfaces were taken as the research object, and the bare soil surfaces as the control. The study conducted field simulated rainfall and erosion resistance experiments (slope scouring, soil disintegration, and single raindrop splash erosion experiments) on them, respectively. Differences in the erosion resistance among different types of soil surfaces were analyzed. [Results] (1) Biocrusted soil surfaces significantly improved rainwater harvesting efficiency. At a rainfall intensity of 100 mm/h, the rainwater harvesting efficiency of the biocrusted soil surfaces was significantly increased by 33.3% compared to bare soil (F = 300.12, p < 0.001). (2) Biocrusted soil surfaces significantly reduced the sand production and increased the coefficient of erosion resistance. Compared with bare soil, the sand production of cyano and moss biocrusted soil surfaces was reduced by 178.8% and 364.6%, respectively. Compared to bare soil, moss and cyano biocrusts had 4.6 and 2.8 times, respectively, the maximum coefficients of resistance to washout. (3) Biocrusts significantly reduced the soil disintegration rate and maximum disintegration rate, and the differences were significant. Compared with bare soil (6.46 g/min), the disintegration rates of cyano and moss biocrusts were reduced by 35.0% and 60.2%, respectively and the maximum disintegration rate of biocrusts was reduced by 23.8%. (4) Biocrusts significantly increased the raindrop kinetic energy and reduced soil spallation. The critical kinetic energy of moss and cyano biocrusts was 3.9 and 21.9 times higher than that of bare soil (0.5 J), respectively. Meanwhile, the soil splash erosion of the biocrusts was reduced by 75.3% on average compared to bare soil (0.156 g). [Conclusion] Biocrusted soil surfaces significantly improved the erosion resistance and rainwater harvesting effect, which is of great significance in terms of sustainable utilization and soil and water conservation in dry areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation and ecological governance, it is an important issue to explore the key technologies and ways of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries. Therefore, based on the theories and methods of ecological economics and ecological industry technology, the key technologies and models of the collaborative development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area were explored, and the application demonstration was carried out. a) The principle of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological derivative industries was that behaviors were driven by each other and effects were compensated each other, and the principle that should be followed was “double law adaptation, suitable place and livelihood, and tripartite willingness”. b) The research and development of key technologies and measures for the coordinated development of ecological governance and eco-derived economy in small watershed of Pisha sandstone covered soil, covered sand and exposed areas. c) The key technologies of physical-chemical-biological integrated improvement of PSA sandstone soil, PSA sandstone combined with aeolian sand soil + biological improvement, optimal stubble leveling of shrub grass, utilization of coal gangue modified resources, corrosion resistance, seepage control, planting stabilization of high steep slope, and planting model of cash crops were proposed. d) Through the practice of “soil improvement and sand fixation+” in the sand-covered area, such as economic forest fruit planting, saxylon interplanting licorice and other ecological governance models, the “multi-investment, multi-participation and common benefit” mechanism and operation mode of “government support, scientific and technological support, enterprise industrialization + public welfare investment, and market participation of farmers and herdsmen” were explored. Through the pilot industrialization of grain and grass processing, soil improvement, and cash crop planting, as well as the demonstration practice of ecological restoration in mining backfill area, ecological governance in small watershed and collaborative development of ecological derivative industries, it shows that the development of ecological derivative industries in the management of fragile ecological areas has broad prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to provide scientific and technological support for the implementation of major national strategies for ecological protection and high-quality development and rural revitalization in the Yellow River Basin, this paper systematically summarized the research results, key technologies and typical models of the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy in the Yellow River Basin over the years, analyzed the current existing and outstanding issues, and put forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Over the years, various regions in the Yellow River Basin have explored a variety of coordinated development models of ecological governance and ecological economy for serious soil erosion. It includes the comprehensive ecological and economic management model with high adaptability of soil and water conservation-geomorphology-ecological economy, the ecological agriculture economic model of soil and water conservation, the integrated development model of soil and water conservation and ecological economy in wind-sand area, the coordinated development model of ecological management and derivative industries in Pisha sandstone area, the virtuous cycle model of rural energy ecology in semi-arid areas, and the governance model of ecological and economic belt of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau. At present, the existing outstanding issues include the concept of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy is weak, the synergy between the two is not high, the space for coupling and coordination is unbalanced, and the development model has a single structure and low scale efficiency. The suggestions: To innovate the theory and key technologies of coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy; To establish a diversified investment mechanism, create a new model of coordinated development of ecological governance and economy and its production and industrial system with the goal of high-quality development, and explore the promotion mechanism and model of “full trust and full chain”; To build an appropriate technical system, industrial system, management system and talent support system; To establish a pilot demonstration county for the coordinated development of ecological governance and ecological economy, lead and optimize the coordinated development of regional modern ecological governance and economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pearl River is the property of Pearl River Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of World Water Policy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to implement the Law on Yellow River Conservation, promote the normalization and standardization of soil and water conservation work in the Yellow River Basin and satisfy the actual needs of high-quality development of soil and water conservation work in the Yellow River Basin, combined with the objectives and characteristics of soil and water conservation work in the Yellow River Basin in the new era, based on the background, significance and necessity of the establishment of soil and water conservation standard system, the study comprehensively arranged the existing national standard system of soil and water conservation, extensively collected the opinions and suggestions of relevant provincial business personnel and experts and organized experts to conduct special research. Finally, the construction framework of soil and water conservation standard system in the Yellow River Basin was presented. It included a total of 73 standards in 8 categories, including foundation, planning and design, treatment, warping dams, monitoring, supervision, informatization and experimental demonstration（including 48 existing standards and 25 proposed new standards [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the variation characteristics of runoff and sediment in the main tributaries of Ganjiang River watershed, to quantify the relationship between water and soil conservation measures and sediment transport in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River, and to provide a theoretical basis for soil erosion comprehensive management in Ganjiang River watershed. [Methods] Based on the measured runoff and sediment data of four main tributaries in Ganjiang River watershed from 2011 to 2020, hydrological analysis, cumulative anomaly and double cumulative curve method were used to study runoff and sediment variation. Meanwhile, linear regression analysis was carried out to quantify the relationship between soil and water conservation measures and sediment transport based on the statistical data of soil and water conservation measures in Ganzhou. [Results]（1) Variation trend of rainfall and runoff in the main tributaries of the upper reaches of Ganjiang river was roughly the same. The sediment transport of the main tributaries of the upper Ganjiang River changed with the variation of runoff, presenting a situation of abundant water and abundant sediment, poor water and poor sediment.（2) Sediment discharge in the four basins showed an intermittent trend of increasing（decreasing) and then decreasing（increasing) at two-year or three-year intervals.（3) Linear regression analysis quantified the response of sediment transport modulus to the scale of soil and water conservation measures: Mz=0.019 Swater conservation forest+5.126(Mz representing the annual sediment transport module of Zhangshui, Swater conservation forest representing the annual increase area of soil and water conservation measures in the corresponding tributary watershed).（4) Based on the structure of soil and water conservation measures in Ganzhou, the optimal area proportion of newly incremental water and soil conservation measures was put forward: enclosure management（52.0%～60.0%), fruit forest（22%～25%), water conservation forest（20%～23%), grass planting（2%～3%), slope improvement（2%～3%). [Conclusion] Variation trend of rainfall and runoff in the main tributaries of the upper reaches of Ganjiang river was roughly the same between the year of 2011 and the year of 2020, except the year of 2018. The factors affecting sediment transport of the main tributaries of the upper Ganjiang River are complex. Soil and water conservation measures were the dominant human activities for variation of runoff and sediment load in Zhangshui River Watershed. There was a significant positive correlation between sediment transport modulus and newly increased forest area in Zhangshui River Watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The aims of this study are to comprehensively evaluate the soil and water conservation of construction projects, diagnose their obstacle factors, and to improve the comprehensive performance of soil and water conservation. [Methods] A comprehensive evaluation index system for soil and water conservation was established using four subsystems, including the effectiveness of soil and water loss prevention and control, the control of soil and water loss impact factors, the control of soil and water conservation economic investment, and the effectiveness of soil and water conservation ecological construction, as well as 15 indicator factors under them. Based on analytic hierarchy process（AHP）, expert scoring method and entropy weight method combined with game theory were used to construct a comprehensive performance evaluation technology system and obstacle factor diagnosis method for soil and water conservation of construction projects with combined weight TOPSIS model. Empirical research was carried out to evaluate and diagnose 3 construction projects in Shaanxi Province comprehensive benefits and obstacle factors of soil and water conservation of the project. [Results] The comprehensive performance closeness of soil and water conservation projects for P1, P2 and P3 are 0.764 4, 0.692 8 and 0.274 5, respectively. The soil and water conservation performance of P1 is excellent, while that of P3 is poor. The main indicator layer obstacle factors of P1 are the investment ratio of forest and grass measures and the investment ratio of temporary measures. P2 represents the disturbance land remediation rate, unit area waste, temporary measure investment ratio, and forest and grass vegetation restoration rate. P3 represents the disturbance land remediation rate, soil erosion control degree, and forest and grass vegetation restoration rate. P1 needs to optimize the investment structure of water and soil conservation measures, increase investment in forest and grass measures and temporary measures appropriately. P2 needs to increase investment in temporary measures appropriately, improve the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of water and soil conservation measures. P3 needs to increase capital investment and increase temporary measures and forest and grass measures. [Conclusion] By using the combined weighted TOPSIS model, the soil and water conservation obstacle factors of construction projects can be accurately diagnosed and the soil and water conservation benefits of construction projects can be improved. The ideas and methods of this study can provide technical ideas for promoting the comprehensive performance improvement of soil and water conservation in construction projects and systematically optimizing and adjusting soil and water conservation plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In order to scientifically predict the future sediment load of the Yellow River, support the Yellow River harnessing and development and major project construction and based on the analysis of the characteristics and causes of the variation of water and sediment in the near future, this paper used the hydrological method and the genetic analysis method to predict the future sediment amount of the Yellow River, at the same time, the large flow duration and the water volume which were beneficial to sediment transport were greatly reduced, the dynamics of flow and sediment transport were greatly weakened, and the relationship between water and sediment was still not coordinated. Without considering the sediment retention of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir, the downstream channel would still be silted up. It is considered that the main influencing factors of the recent sediment reduction are the massive construction of water conservancy and soil and water conservation measures and the reduction of rainfall intensity, which account for 80% and 20% respectively, taking into account the existing research results and the uncertainty of the forecast, it is suggested that the average annual sediment hydraulic engineering of the Yellow River in the future should be about 800 million tons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Objective] The water conservation capacity of different vegetation in Beijing mountainous area can be clarified through studying the hydrological function of litter and soil layer, which can provide reference for local vegetation construction. [Methods] The hydrological functions of litters and soil layers of different vegetation types in the Mountains of Beijing were quantitatively analyzed by the methods of indoor immersion, circumferential knife cutting and water head fixing. The relationship between organic carbon and hydrological function of soil layer was clarified by correlation analysis. [Results] The maximum water holding rate, maximum retention rate and effective retention rate of litter decreased in the order: the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub > the pure forest of Acer elegantulum > the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis > the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis. The maximum water holding capacity, the maximum holding capacity and the effective holding capacity of litter decreased in the order: the pure forest of Acer elegantulum > the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub > the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis > the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis, and these parameters of semi-decomposed layers were greater than those of the undecomposed layers. The order of soil saturated water holding capacity and capillary water holding capacity were the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis > the pure forest of Acer elegantulum > the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis × Shrub > the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis. The order of non-capillary water holding capacity of different vegetation type were the mixed forest of Acer elegantulum×Platycladus orientalis > the pure forest of Acer elegantulum > the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×Shrub > the pure forest of Platycladus orientalis. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased gradually along the profile, and the maximum value of average saturated hydraulic conductivity was observed in the mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis×shrub. Soil organic carbon content decreased gradually along the profile, and was significantly correlated with bulk density, total porosity, non-capillary porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity（p＜0.05). [Conclusion] The water holding capacity of soil layer of pure forest was better than mixed forest on the whole, and exceeded that of litter. The soil water storage capacity of mixed forest was better than pure forest. Organic carbon can significantly affect soil physical properties and water conductivity, which is of positive significance for improving soil hydrological function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Soil erosion is the most serious ecological and environmental problem causing land degradation and water resources pollution, which is controlled by soil and water conservation measure(SWCM). At present, it is still challenging to quantify the direct and indirect impacts of SWCM, rainfall characteristics and slope on runoff and sediment yield in loess hilly and gully region. The runoff and sediment yield of 19 runoff plots and 25 typical erosive rainfall events in Lijiangou small watershed in the loess hilly and gully region of Ningxia were investigated from 2015 to 2019. The structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the direct and indirect effects of rainfall characteristics, SWCM and slope on runoff and soil loss. The redundancy analysis (RDA) method was used to quantify the contribution rate of each influencing factors to the runoff reduction benefit (RRB) and sediment reduction benefit (SRB). The results show that ① the 20° slope has the best RRB, and the steep slope has better SRB; in different SWCMs, RRB and SRB of artificial shrubland are higher. ② Rainfall characteristics, SWCM and slope have no indirect impact on runoff and sediment, while 30 min maximum rainfall intensity has the largest direct impact on runoff and sediment, with direct path coefficients of 0.77 and 0.46, respectively. ③ Rainfall characteristics are the dominant factor affecting runoff, sediment and RRB; compared with rainfall characteristics, SWCM and slope are the main factors controlling SRB. ④ Runoff and soil loss will increase due to extreme erosive precipitation events caused by global warming; SWCM is very necessary to prevent runoff and soil loss; on steep slopes, the vegetation combination mainly with shrub is expected to achieve greater benefits of runoff and sediment reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find the main driving factors of the variation of water and sediment in the typical tributaries of Ningxia section of Yellow River, based on the measured hydrological data at Quanyanshan station of Qingshui river, Mingshazhou station of Hongliugou river and Guojiaqiao station of Kushui river, the variation trend of water and sediment, and mutation year of the typical watershed were analyzed by the sliding average method, Mann-Kendall mutation test and double accumulation curve method; the driving factors of the variation of water and sediment were analyzed by cumulative slope method, hydrology method, and soil and water conservation method. The results show that ① from 1989 to 2019, the variation of water and sediment in Qingshui river, Hongliugou river and Kushui river basins all show a decreasing trend; the variation of sediment transport is more significant than that of runoff; compared with Qingshui river and Hongliugou river basins, the variation of water and sediment in Kushui river basin is more significant. ② Human activities play a leading role in the variation of water and sediment, and the contribution rate gradually increases; the cumulative slope method, hydrology method, and soil and water conservation method used in the attribution analysis of the variation of water and sediment show that human activity is the main driving factor of the variation of water and sediment, and the cumulative slope method and hydrology method have the same results. ③ According to the soil and water conservation method used in the attribution analysis of the variation of water and sediment in Qingshui river basin, it is found that the water reduction benefits of human activities are dominated by silt dam and terraced fields, with contribute rates of 42.9% and 29.0%, respectively; silt dam is dominant in sediment reduction, with contribute rate of 94.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The middle reaches of the Yellow River is an important national ecological function area and energy base. It is an arduous task to prevent and control soil erosion and protect ecology. In view of the problems of large quantity of soil and water conservation supervision work area, insufficient supervision ability and weak timeliness of traditional supervision way in the Yellow River Basin, this paper puts forward some countermeasures for establishing the pilot demonstration zone of high quality supervision of soil and water conservation in the contiguous area of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia, and probes into its working mechanism and mode: First, the goal of innovation management is to take the lead in implementing non-violation projects, Second, the goal of innovation cooperation is to jointly build a working system, and build a working mechanism with consistent goals, self-awareness of actions, and coordinated efforts, Third, the endogenous motivation of innovation, taking self-discipline as the core to promote the overall level of credit for soil and water conservation, Fourth, leaders at all levels, construction units, young people and the general public should improve the cognition and ability of ecological civilization in soil and water conservation to achieve the unity of knowledge and practice, Fifth, the connotation of innovation evaluation will be improved to comprehensively enhance the level of scientific and technological support, Sixth, digital empowerment, scientific classified management and innovative smart platform will enable production and construction projects to achieve smart technology guidance, smart tracking, smart early warning. Reset [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of high-standard warping dam is one of the main measures to achieve the national strategic goals of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, which will play a greater role in promoting the high-quality development of water and soil conservation and regional economic and social development. Based on the goals and requirements of high-quality warping dam construction, this paper analyzed the historical process of warping dam construction and technical standard development in the Yellow River Basin, discussed the definition and connotation of high-standard warping dam, put forward scientific issues and key technologies that need to be studied, and looked forward to the development prospect of high-standard warping dam. The warping dam in the Yellow River Basin has gone through a development process of more than 450 years in six stages, and the high-standard warping dam marks that the construction of warping dam has entered into a new period from “quantity”development changed to “quality”promotisn. The technical standards of warping dams have undergone a development process from the formation in the mid-80s of the 20th century to continuous improvement and revision along with the level of science and technology and practical experience in different periods. Compared with ordinary warping dams, high-standard warping dams have special essential characteristics, value and richer connotation and extension. The status and driving mechanism of high-standard warping dams in the comprehensive benefit chain and the technical standards of high-standard warping dam construction are topics that need to be studied in the future. The construction of high-standard warping dams will surely promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation, and play a greater role in the coordinated development of multiple elements such as regional ecological governance, derivative economy, social culture, and landscape pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow River soil and water conservation ecological construction and protection project was completed in 2008 in Mangshan Mountain area along the Yellow River Basin in the northwest of Zhengzhou. Continuous positioning observations of the ecosystem have been conducted since 2010. Using the ecological measured data of Mangshan, Zhengzhou from 2010 to 2020, the impact of ecological protection of the Yellow River on the local microclimate of Mangshan was analyzed by using one-variable linear fitting and anomaly method. The results show that in the past 10 years, the microclimate of Mangshan Mountain has changed significantly. The average values of the measured annual air temperature, annual maximum temperature, annual minimum temperature, air humidity and precipitation are 15.7 ℃, 40.35 ℃,-9.15 ℃, 54.53% and 406.35 mm respectively. Except precipitation, the changes of other climatic factors are on the rise. The decrease in precipitation, the increase in temperature, the increase in temperature difference and the increase in air humidity indicate that the water-retention functions of soil and surface vegetation are enhanced, and the ecological protection of the Yellow River has played a good role in improving the microclimate of Mangshan, Zhengzhou. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the 1930s and 1940s, the Chinese scientific community expounded the theory of soil and water conservation one after another, which promoted the understanding of soil and water conservation in Chinese society. Agricultural science and technology workers with modern agronomy knowledge in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area publicized soil erosion and its governance in the border area, advancing the dissemination of scientific knowledge of soil and water conservation in the border area. With the gradual deepening of the large-scale production movement, the government of the border area, in order to realize agricultural improvement and increase food, led farmers to carry out simple soil and water conservation work in the form of organization, and initially explored the soil and water conservation mode of "government-led, mutual assistance and cooperation among the people". The local practice of soil and water conservation work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area not only had a positive effect on the increase of grain production in the border area, but also exerted an important impact on the soil and water conservation work in northern Shaanxi and even the entire Loess Plateau after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Exploring the mechanical properties of vegetation root is of great significance for how to evaluate the performance of vegetation slope protection in the process of preventing geological disasters such as landslides and debris flows in small watersheds in mountainous areas. Taking Elsholtzia, a common plant in the small watershed of Reshui River in Xide County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, as the research object, the in-situ pull-out test and indoor single root tensile test were carried out to obtain the mechanical properties of the root. The gray correlation analysis method was used to study the correlation between the root breadth, root length, root diameter, crown breadth, plant height of Elsholtzia and the in-situ pull-out resistance of Elsholtzia. Furthermore, the influences of the single root diameter, root length, and root water conditions of Elsholtzia on its indoor single root tensile strength were also analyzed. The results show that the correlation degree values between the different growth indexes of Elsholtzia and its in-situ pull-out resistance in descending order are root breadth, root length, root diameter, crown width and plant height, which means the in-situ pull-out resistance of Elsholtzia can be better characterized by the underground growth indexes（i.e., root breadth and root length）. The single root tensile force of Elsholtzia has a positive correlation with root diameter. The average tensile strength of the natural root and the immersed root generally decreases with an increasing of root length, as contrasted to the dry root. The average tensile strength of the root of Elsholtzia generally increases with the decrease of root moisture content. The above research results can provide a certain reference for ecological slope protection as well as soil and water conservation research in the small watershed in mountainous areas such as Reshui River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to make thesoil and water conservation work continue to play a basic supporting role under the new situation and new requirements, help rural revitalization and speed up the modernization of agriculture and rural areas, it took the rural revitalization type of soil and water conservation demonstration area construction project of Malian small watershed in the central region of Gansu as an example, reviewed the effect of soil and water conservation and analyzed existing problems. According to the principles of systematic control, control in scale and control area by area, it put forward targeted ideas for improving the system of water and soil erosion control measures in small water-sheds and for high-quality development of water and soil conservation. Over the years, the construction of water and soil conservation and ecological civilization in the Malian small watershed had achieved remarkable results, but there was still a big gap with the strategic goals and needs of rural revitalization and high-quality development, such as, the quality and standard of some soil and water conservation engineering measures, especially terraces were not high, the tree species of soil and water conservation forest was single, did not constraint forest by water resources, the effect of hardening, greening and beautification of rural roads was poor, there were few road drainage facilities and the collection of pavement runoff was very harmful. The proposed idea of control area by area was that in agricultural production area, in accordance with the needs of agricultural industrialization, intensification, mechanization, scale and modernization, implementing the quality improvement of old terraces and building high?standard field roads; in the ecological economic forest construction area, forests development determined by water resources, implementing runoff control projects, developing runoff ecological economic forests and striving to increase farmers’ economic income; in human settlement area, in accordance with ecologically clean small watershed building and landscaping standards, the landscape would be beautiful, natural and harmonious, and sanitary and clean. With the goal of living comfortably, the roads entering to the village and the roads entering to the houses would be hardened, the road drainage system would be built and flowers and trees would be planted along the roads to beautify the rural environment. The specific indicators for the construction of high-standard terraces and the construction of field roads and production roads were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An engineering accumulation slope as one of the main sources of soil erosion, has posed a serve environmental threat to the urban production and construction projects in recent years. Vegetation restoration has been also considered as one of the most efficient measures to control the erosion of the engineering accumulation slopes. However, the newly vegetation still needs a long time for the ideal cover degree. Before that, the soil and water conservation temporary measures (SWCTMs) are required to mitigate the severe soil erosion from engineering accumulation. This study aims to quantify the requirements of SWCTMs in the regulations of soil and water conservation for the production and construction projects. Based on the results of a field investigation which was performed on the SWCTMs, slope gradient of engineering accumulations, and rainfall intensity in the urban production and construction projects, an indoor rainfall simulation was carried out with three rainfall intensities (i.e. 1.45, 2.56, and 3.33 mm/min), two slope gradients (i.e. 20° and 30°), and six SWCTMs (i.e. blocking, cover, blocking + 25% cover (BC25%), blocking + 50% cover (BC50%), blocking + 75% cover (BC75%), and blocking + 100% cover (BC100%)), taking Shenzhen city, Guangdong Province, China, as the study area. A measurement was performed on the runoff and sediment yield on engineering accumulation slopes during runoff duration. The results showed that: 1) The runoff reduction of temporal blocking and cover decreased significantly, with the increase of rainfall intensity, indicating a similar performance. Specifically, the runoff reduction efficiencies were 22.46%-38.22% and −20.59%-38.34%, respectively, under the rainfall intensities of 1.45-3.33 mm/min, comparing with the bare slope. 2) The sediment reduction efficiencies under temporal blocking were 62.89%, 15.41%, and 80.83%, respectively, under the rainfall intensity of 1.45, 2.56, and 3.33 mm/min, when the slope gradient was 20°. The reason was that the eroded sediment from the upslope was deposited behind the blocking, rather than completely delivered to the outlet. Nevertheless, the sediment reduction of blocking decreased significantly, as the slope gradient increased during operation. 3) The reduction efficiencies of surface flow velocity and sediment were 29.68%-55.76%, and 70.06%-97.35%, respectively, compared with the bare slope. It infers that the temporal cover performed better than the temporal blocking on surface flow velocity and sediment reductions. Since the dust screen protected soil surface was directly depended on the raindrop splash, a large numbers of tiny sediment mounds were generated on the dust screen, thereby to enlarge the roughness of slope surface for the sediment deposit with relatively short transport distances from the original location. The average runoff velocity and erosion rate of engineering accumulation decreased, with the increase of the cover coverage, where the erosion rate decreased by 32.98%-97.79% under the temporal blocking + 25%-100% cover measures, compared with the bare condition. The threshold of temporal cover coverage is 50%~75% when the effect of runoff and sediment reduction on slope reaches the best under the temporal blocking + cover measures. Consequently, it can be strongly suggested to construct the SWCTMs of temporal blocking and cover with over 50% coverage near the production and construction projects. The findings can provide a strong reference for the decision making on the soil and water conservation in the production and construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Northern Shaanxi is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the hinterland of the Loess Plateau. The average sediment inflow into the Yellow River for many years accounts for more than half of the total sediment of the Yellow River. The effectiveness of soil erosion control and ecological protection in northern Shaanxi plays a key role in the implementation of the national strategy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. In order to provide reference for the high quality development of soil and water conservation in northern Shaanxi, the approaches to promote the high-quality development of soil and water conservation in the new period and the innovative ideas of soil and water loss control mode were explored based on the summary of the current situation and mode of soil and water loss control in northern Shaanxi. For high quality development of soil and water conservation in northern Shaanxi region, the concept of “green mountains and clear water are equal to mountains of gold and silver and adhere to ecological priority and green development” should be understood and practiced. The top-level design should be taken from the planning, organization construction, the investment mechanism and accountability mechanism and other aspects. Relevant major issues such as the relationship between runoff and sediment, the allocation ratio of forest and grass measures, the construction of dry farming terraces and check dams should be strengthened from the perspective of the overall situation and strategy. Water and soil conservation input mechanism, water and soil conservation measures (facility) operation management and protection system, and scientific and technological support system mechanisms need to be innovated. In terms of specific governance models, efforts should be made to improve the quality and efficiency of the existing old terraces, to remove dangers and reinforce the dangerous check dams, adjust the proportion of forest and grass measures, appropriately increase the scale of artificial grass planting, and rationally configure engineering measures, plant measures and agricultural measures, increase the proportion of banned control measures, and increase the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological regime is an important indicator reflecting river ecosystem change, which affects river health and social-economic development along the river. This study applied the IHA(Indicators of Hydrological Alternation method) to the Toudaoguai, Fugu, Wuhao, Longmen and Tongguan hydrological stations from Hekouzhen to Tongguan in the Yellow River basin. The daily streamflow from 1958 to 2020 were used to estimate 32 hydrological indicators. The whole time series were divided into two periods of 1958-1979 and 1980-2020. The results show that the degree of hydrological alternation during 1980-2020 at all the stations remain low level when comparing with the indicators in the period of 1958-1979. Among the five groups of hydrological indicators, annual extreme flow( Group II) and the frequency and duration of high and low pulses( Group V) show high degree of alternation. Among the 32 indicators, the reversal times of runoff show high degree of alternation, and average flows in November show low degree in the middle reaches of the Yellow River since 1980. Hydraulic projects and soil and water conservation measures have great impact on the hydrological regime changes in the middle reaches, m1d weakened the fluctuation of river runoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin is one of the national strategies for regional development. Cooperative management is considered as the fundamental principle, method and approach to achieve this strategy because of its powerful and integrated function. Some scientific issues closely relating to the policy mid technology should be paid more attention for better implementation of cooperative management. The paper described the characters of cooperative management very briefly first, and then, put forward some scientific questions from 5 aspects of soil and water conservation and ecological restoration, water resources conservation and the development based on the water available, adjustment of flow and sediment of the Yellow River mid the integrated control of "suspended river", ecological production and compensation for ecological conservation mid high-quality development. It listed and discussed these issues here for the improvement of policy making and the compatibility between policy and demands and to improve the functions of technologies mid the objectivity of evaluation in the process of development of this challenging strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the rapid and effective extraction of the disturbed surface of production and construction projects based on remote sensing images in soil and water conservation monitoring work, this paper took the power transmission mid transformation project as an example: for research. We proposed an automatic extraction algorithm for the disturbance area using domestic high-resolution satellites GF-2 and GF -1 and the priori information of the tower point position, which using the Otsu threshold segmentation technology-y and operator. A soil and water conservation target monitoring system had = been developed based on this algorithm. Experiments were carried out in the arms with high vegetation coverage along seven UHV transmission mid transformation projects such as Yuheng-Weifang. In plain, mountainous and hilly areas, 8, 9 and 7 tower foundation construction areas were selected for disturbance automatic extraction. The results of the automatic extraction were :x-1 with the extraction results of traditional image classification methods including the maximum likelihood method and objective oriented method. TI1e res1.Jts show that the disturbance area extracted by the automatic extraction has m1 acc1.1rm:y of over 80%- com1n.1red with the field manually measured ;ma, which is significantly better than that of the traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]