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The reactive extrusion for the polymerization of olefins based on the classic theory of anionic polymerization was briefly introduced. Its application value in the industrial fields and theoretical contribution to the anionic polymerization were mainly expressed. Then, the development of olefin anionic polymerization in 60 years, especially, most of the studies in this field over the past decade, were reviewed. Based on this, the 5 pieces of suspense and 2 major bottlenecks of the development remained in the anionic polymerization of olefins were pointed out. Through citing the researches of our team in recent 20 years, the interpretation of the suspense and the breakthrough in the bottlenecks were discoursed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]