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9 results on '"Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE)"'

1. Contribution of 3D coupled hydrodynamic-ecological modeling to assess the representativeness of a sampling protocol for lake water quality assessment

Author

Vincent Chanudet, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Yann Guénand, Dominique Trevisan, Pierre-Alain Danis, Orlane Anneville, Tristan Harmel, Damien Bouffard, Etienne Dambrine, Frédéric Soulignac, R. E. Uittenbogaard, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Centre d'Ingénierie Hydraulique [Savoie Technolac] (CIH-EDF), EDF (EDF), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, Deltares [The Netherlands], Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), French Agency for Biodiversity (AFB) 15000239European Space Agency (ESA) Scientific Exploitation of Operational Missions element (SEOM) A0/1-8216/15/I-SBoFrench Alpine Lakes Observatory International Commission for the Protection of Lake Geneva (CIPEL) AnaEE-France Department of environment, transport and agriculture (DETA) of the Geneva water ecology service, laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU), AgroParisTech-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), EDF-CIH, Savoie Technolac, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau (France), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Structural basin, water quality, 01 natural sciences, Representativeness heuristic, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, 3D modeling, Ecosystem model, lakes, water framework directive, ddc:550, Lake Geneva, phytoplankton abundance, lac de genève, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, ddc:333.7-333.9, lcsh:SH1-691, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Hydrology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, modèle 3d, qualité de l'eau, Sampling (statistics), 6. Clean water, Spatial heterogeneity, Lakes, Water quality, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Water framework directive, Environmental science, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

This study deals with the impact of spatio-temporal heterogeneities on the assessment of lake ecological status according to the European water framework directive (WFD). A method, based on three-dimensional coupled hydrodynamic and ecological modeling, is presented to assess the variability of lake ecological status, and to locate the most representative sampling station of Lake Geneva (France/Switzerland). Five variables used in the lake ecological status evaluation were simulated by using the free software Delft3D. The numerical simulation results showed that the simulated ecological status based on chlorophyll a and total phosphorus concentrations measured at the regulatory monitoring station depend on the choice of the sampling date. Results also indicated a strong spatial heterogeneity in ecological status that varies from “poor” to “good” along an East-West gradient. Finally, the numerical simulation results showed that the most representative point of a mean theoretical ecological quality for Lake Geneva would be located in the center of the upper basin, close to the historical sampling station.

Published
2019
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2. Behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts approaching a bypass under light and dark conditions: Importance of fish development

Author

Stéphane Tétard, Dominique Courret, Eric De Oliveira, Patrick Martin, Anthony Maire, Marine Lemaire, Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage (CNSS), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), EDF (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Conservatoire National du Saumon Sauvage - CNSS (FRANCE), Université de Savoie Mont Blanc - USMB (FRANCE), Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse - IMFT (Toulouse, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and EDF

Subjects
Atlantic salmon, Environmental Engineering, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Mécanique des fluides, Salmo salar, Ingénierie de l'environnement, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, fragmentation, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Artificial light, downstream migration, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Bypass efficiency, Smolt, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, fishway, Fishery, Ecosystèmes, Fish development, artificial light, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, %22">Fish , Environmental science, Acoustic telemetry, Downstream migration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The development of passage systems for migratory fish is crucial to mitigate the impact of river fragmentation. Concerning downstream migration of juvenile salmon (smolts), understanding their behaviour is a key to improving the efficiency of bypass systems. Among devices to improve efficiency, artificial lighting has proved effective in certain situations. Based on (1) recent observations of early migrating smolts where migration was delayed in the Poutès dam reservoir (Allier River, France) and (2) the fact that the implementation of bypass lighting devices was based on experiments involving later-season migrants, the present study assessed the effect of a lighting device on wild early-migrating smolts. One hundred wild smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters and their behaviour near the bypass entrance under lit or dark conditions was assessed using 2D acoustic telemetry. A very abrupt change in behaviour around mid-April was observed, which directly affected their response to light. In the first phase of the downstream migration season (before mid-April), lighting significantly reduced the attractiveness of the bypass, while this surprisingly seemed to favour passage: smolts less frequently approached the bypass entry zone but passed through it more frequently. However, in the second phase (after mid-April), lighting attracted and kept the smolts close to the bypass entrance and significantly increased passage, corroborating previous experiments. The present study demonstrated an interaction between the development of migratory fish and their behaviour under lit or dark conditions. It also highlighted the importance of taking account of such behavioural change during the migration season when designing fish passage systems.

Published
2019
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3. Calibration procedure of hydraulic simulations for the microhabitat method

Author

Hélène Roux, Ludovic Cassan, Dominique Courret, Sylvain Richard, Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mécanique des fluides, Flow (psychology), 0207 environmental engineering, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Hydraulic modelling, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], Range (statistics), Mean flow, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, Hydropower, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, business.industry, Maximum flow problem, Friction coefficient, Hydraulic roughness, 6. Clean water, TELEMAC, Habitat, Environmental science, Spatial variability, business
Abstract

International audience; Hydropower plants can profoundly modify the natural morphology and hydrology of rivers and can alter the functionality of habitats for fish living and reproduction. In particular, hydropeaking leads to rapid and frequent changes of the hydrodynamic conditions and it is crucial to ensure aquatic habitat quality is maintained as much as possible during these periods. One present method to determine mitigation measure (minimum and maximum flow, rate of change) is to perform hydraulic simulations in 1D or 2D in the range of flow variation and to evaluate habitat quality for fish with the microhabitat method. The hydraulic model calibration has to be conducted carefully since the model has to reproduce precisely the hydraulic conditions from low to high flow rates (up to several times the mean flow of the rivers). Within this range, the friction coefficient can evolve greatly because at low flows the size of roughness elements become comparable to the water depth. This phenomenon is observed by performing the modelling and the calibration at 2 stations on a river in French Pyrenees with different cross section shapes, one with progressive overflowing of some banks with large blocks and the other one without such phenomena. Thanks to field measurements of water levels at low and high discharge, the calibration process has shown that the friction coefficient can be multiplied by 2 as a function of the discharge. The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate the most appropriate tool. As water depth is concerned, the 2D simulations (TELEMAC 2D) provide similar results to those obtained with 1D (HEC-RAS) because flow remains unidirectional. Then a sensitivity analysis is carried out to estimate the uncertainty on the fish habitat outputs for a fish species (brown trout in the present study) resulting from several widely used friction laws. These friction laws can lead to different conclusions about habitat suitability depending on the calibrated coefficient. Finally, to perform relevant habitat modelling, it is necessary to measure water levels at several discharges and to describe accurately the spatial variability of roughness height.

Published
2018
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4. Environmental DNA reveals quantitative patterns of fish biodiversity in large rivers despite its downstream transportation

Author

Nicolas Roset, Didier Pont, Horst Zornig, Raphaël Civade, Mathieu Rocle, Anthony Maire, Tony Dejean, Michael Schabuss, Alice Valentini, Pauline Jean, SPYGEN [Le Bourget-du-Lac], Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), VIGILIFE, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), and PRO FISCH OG Ecological Consultants

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Water column, Rivers, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Environmental DNA, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Relative species abundance, Multidisciplinary, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Fishes, DNA, Fishery, Europe, Habitat, Electrofishing, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bank, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Despite the ecological and societal importance of large rivers, fish sampling remains costly and limited to specific habitats (e.g., river banks). Using an eDNA metabarcoding approach, we regularly sampled 500 km of a large river (Rhône River). Comparisons with long-term electrofishing surveys demonstrated the ability of eDNA metabarcoding to qualitatively and quantitatively reveal fish assemblage structures (relative species abundance) but eDNA integrated a larger space than the classical sampling location. Combination of a literature review and field data showed that eDNA behaves in the water column like fine particulate organic matter. Its detection distance varied from a few km in a small stream to more than 100 km in a large river. To our knowledge, our results are the first demonstration of the capacity of eDNA metabarcoding to describe longitudinal fish assemblage patterns in a large river, and metabarcoding appears to be a reliable, cost-effective method for future monitoring.

Published
2018
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5. Sunglint correction of the Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI)-SENTINEL-2 imagery over inland and sea waters from SWIR bands

Author

Pierre-Alain Danis, Tristan Harmel, Malik Chami, Thierry Tormos, Nathalie Reynaud, SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉS UPMC UNIV PARIS 06 INSU-CNRS LABORATOIRE D'OCÉANOGRAPHIE DE VILLEFRANCHE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE DE FRANCE PARIS FRA, Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Pôle Écla - écosystèmes lacustres (ECLA), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau (France), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, AERONET-OC, Soil Science, Sunglint, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, CAMS DATA, 0103 physical sciences, WATER COLOR, 14. Life underwater, ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION, Computers in Earth Sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric correction, Geology, Spectral bands, SUNGLINT, OCEAN COLOR, AERONET, SENTINEL-2, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radiance, Environmental science, Satellite, Bidirectional reflectance distribution function, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Remote sensing of inland and sea waters depends on the quality of the retrieval of the water-leaving radiance from the top-of-atmosphere measurements. The water-leaving radiance can be difficult to observe due to the reflection of direct sunlight on the air-water interface (sunglint) in the direction of the satellite field of view. The viewing geometry of Sentinel-2 satellite (European Space Agency) makes it vulnerable to sunglint contamination. In this paper, an original method is proposed to correct Sentinel-2-like imagery for sunglint contamination. The sunglint contribution is first estimated from the shortwave-infrared (SWIR) part of the spectrum and then extrapolated toward the near-infrared and visible bands. The spectral variation of the sunglint signal is thus revisited for a wide spectral range (from 350 to 2500 nm). The bidirectional reflectance distribution function related to the sunglint is shown to vary by > 28% from the SWIR to the blue bands of Sentinel-2. The application of the proposed algorithm on actual Sentinel-2 data demonstrates that sunglint patterns are satisfactorily removed over the entire images whatever the altitude of the observed target. Comparison with in situ data of water-leaving radiances (AERONET-OC) showed that our proposed algorithm significantly improves the correlation between satellite and in situ data by 55% (i.e., from R2 = 0.56 to R2 = 0.87). In addition, the discrepancies between satellite and in situ measurements are reduced by 60%. It is also shown that the aerosol data provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) can be safely used within the proposed algorithm to correct the Sentinel-2-like satellite data for both sunglint and atmospheric radiances. Improvements of the proposed method potentially rely on simultaneous retrievals of the aerosol optical properties. The proposed method is applicable to any satellite sensor which is able to measure in SWIR spectral bands over aquatic environments.

Published
2018
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6. Seasonal and event-based concentration-discharge relationships to identify catchment controls on nutrient export regimes

Author

Pierre-Alain Danis, Vincent Roubeix, Chantal Gascuel-Odoux, Rémi Dupas, Florentina Moatar, Camille Minaudo, Physics of Aquatic Systems Laboratory [Lausanne], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau (France), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université de Tours (UT), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nutrient export regime, Nitrogen, river, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0207 environmental engineering, Concentration-discharge relationships, 02 engineering and technology, STREAMS, Atmospheric sciences, Spatial variability, Catchment, 01 natural sciences, water-quality, nitrate export, patterns, Predictability, 020701 environmental engineering, Temporal scales, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Baseflow, stream, River network, Phosphorus, Storm, Eutrophication, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, high-frequency, phosphorus release, sediment, 13. Climate action, flow, Environmental science, solute
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels [ADD2_IRSTEA]Dynamique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes [ADD2_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; International audience; The analysis of concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships provides useful information on the processes controlling the mobilization and delivery of chemical elements into streams as well as biogeochemical transformations in river networks. Previous metrics developed to characterize export regimes seldom considered the possibility for the C response to Q dynamics to differ between short-term Q variations during storm events and seasonal Q variations during baseflow periods. Here, we present the “C-Qquick-slow” model, which considers the possibility for C-Q relationships to vary across temporal scales. This model was applied in 219 French catchments with various sizes (11–2500 km2), land use and hydrological contexts. We evidenced contrasting export regimes for nitrate (NO3 −), total phosphorus (TP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), and surprisingly consistent C-Q patterns at the seasonal scale for each parameter. For instance, NO3 −-Q relationships were positive at the seasonal scale in 75% cases and relationships during storms showed either a dilution pattern (24% cases), a non-significant pattern (50%), or a mobilization pattern (12%). TP and SRP relationships with Q at the seasonal scale were almostsystematically negative (95%), and patterns during storm events were in most cases mobilization for TP (77%) or non-significant for SRP (69%). We linked the different C-Q relationships with catchment descriptors and found that indicators of diffuse source loading determined NO3 − seasonal amplitudes, and hydrological drivers could explain the behavior during storms. By contrast, point sources determined P seasonal amplitudes, and diffuse sources controlled P dynamics during storms. The C-Qquick-slow model has the potential to improve nutrient loadestimations because of the good predictability of appropriate C-Q archetypes and the possibility to interpolate low frequency concentration data to a daily frequency

Published
2019
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7. A French working group on biological invasions in aquatic environments: towards an improvement of knowledge and management of freshwater invasive alien species

Author

Emmanuelle Sarat, Yohann Soubeyran, Alain Dutartre, Nicolas Poulet, Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN (SWITZERLAND), Chercheur indépendant, Comité français de l'UICN, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), French Biodiversity Agency, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])

Subjects
Biological pollution, Biodiversité et Ecologie, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Biodiversity, networking, Freshwater environments, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Agency (sociology), IUCN Red List, best practices, Alien species, Eau douce, AS management, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Environmental resource management, IAS management, Ecosystèmes, Gestion des connaissances, The Internet, France, Fresh environment, Best practices, Best practice, Espèce introduite, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Biology, Organisme aquatique, Networking, 14. Life underwater, Communication platform, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Invasive species, business.industry, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, communication platform, M40 - Écologie aquatique, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Espèce envahissante
Abstract

International audience; In order to respond to the growing concern on invasive alien species and their impact in freshwater environments in France, a working group on biological invasions in freshwater environments was created in 2009. Meeting internationally recognised recommendations, its main objective is to increase management capacity by valuating and promoting expert knowledge, digesting and giving access to scientific information and providing guidance on decision-making. Coordinated by the French Biodiversity Agency and the IUCN French Committee, the group brings together more than 60 members from communities of practitioners, scientists and policy-makers. The group’s activities are determined by the shared needs of the formed network. Examples of projects undertaken to date include: the development of an internet platform to provide access to information; the publication of a best practices guide with fully detailed feedbacks from management efforts; and the setting up of an information database focussed on the operational management of introduced aquatic species in France

Published
2017
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8. Scale dependency in the hydromorphological control of a stream ecosystem functioning

Author

Jean-Marc Baudoin, Karl Kreutzenberger, Vincent Tamisier, Didier Lambrigot, Laurent Valette, Fanny Colas, Eric Chauvet, Frédéric Gob, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Pôle d'Etudes et Recherches AFB-Irstea Hydroécologie des Plans d'eau (France), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (ONEMA), Ministère de l'écologie, du développement durable et de l'énergie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut national de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture - IRSTEA (FRANCE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (FRANCE), Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne - UPEC (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques - ONEMA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, River ecosystem, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, Context (language use), [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Scaling effect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Rivers, Water Quality, Environmental monitoring, Leaf breakdown, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Milieux et Changements globaux, Multiple stressors, Waste Management and Disposal, Hydrologie, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Hydromorphology, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Ecosystèmes, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, Water quality, Biodiversité, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASARE; International audience; Physical habitat degradation is prevalent in river ecosystems. Although still little is known about the ecological consequences of altered hydromorphology, understanding the factors at play can contribute to sustainable environmental management. In this study we aimed to identify the hydromorphological features controlling a key ecosystem function and the spatial scales where such linkages operate. As hydromorphological and chemical pressures often occur in parallel, we examined the relative importance of hydromorphological and chemical factors as determinants of leaf breakdown. Leaf breakdown assays were investigated at 82 sites of rivers throughout the French territory. Leaf breakdown data were then crossed with data on water quality and with a multi-scale hydro- morphological assessment (i.e. upstream catchment, river segment, reach and habitat) when quantitative data were available. Microbial and total leaf breakdown rates exhibited differential responses to both hydromorphological and chemical alterations. Relationships between the chemical quality of the water and leaf breakdown were weak, while hydromorphological integrity explained independently up to 84.2% of leaf breakdown. Hydrological and morphological parameters were the main predictors of microbial leaf breakdown, whereas hydrological parameters had a major effect on total leaf breakdown, particularly at large scales, while morphological parameters were important at smaller scales. Microbial leaf breakdown were best predicted by hydromorphological features defined at the upstream catchment level whereas total leaf breakdown were best predicted by reach and habitat level geomorphic variables. This study demonstrates the use of leaf breakdown in a biomonitoring context and the importance of hydromorphological integrity for the functioning of running water. It provides new insights for envi- ronmental decision-makers to identify the management and restoration actions that have to be un- dertaken including the hydromorphogical features that should be kept in minimal maintenance to support leaf breakdown.

Published
2017
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9. Protecting fish from entering turbines: the efficiency of a low-sloping rack for downstream migration of Atlantic salmon smolts

Author

Dominique Courret, Sylvie Tomanova, Alain Alric, Agence Française pour la Biodiversité - AFB (FRANCE), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Hydroelectric, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Downstream passage, 01 natural sciences, Animal science, Downstream (manufacturing), Operations management, 14. Life underwater, Fish protection system, Water Science and Technology, Morning, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Fish migration, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Dynamique des Fluides, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Salmonids, Hatchery, 020801 environmental engineering, %22">Fish , Environmental science, Biodiversité
Abstract

International audience; In April 2015, the efficiency of a system of low-sloping rack and bypass has been assessed for Atlantic salmon smolts at the small hydroelectric plant (HEP) of Auterrive on the Gave d’Oloron River (France ; turbine discharge: 7.8 m3.s-1 ; rack inclination: 26° relative to the horizontal ; bar spacing: 20 mm ; bypass discharge: 0.5 m3.s-1). 239 hatchery smolts (mean length 185 mm) were PIT-tagged and released 100 m upstream the HEP, in 5 groups at different times of the day. Their passages downstream the HEP by the bypass and as well by the fishpass for upstream migration were monitored with RFID antennae. On average 80.7% of smolts migrated through the HEP bypass and 3.8% of smolts descended through the fishpass. In total, 84.5% (min-max: 75.5–91.9%) of smolts migrated downstream the HEP via safe routes. 50% of them did it in less than 23 minutes since their release and 75% of them did it in less than 2 hours. Fish migration time was similar for afternoon, evening and night releases (median times between 19 and 21min), but was significantly longer when the fishes were released in the morning (median migration time: 3hours 17min). Our findings give credence to the recommended design criteria for low-sloping racks, which is the main solution implemented in France for small HEPs.

Published
2017
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