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1. From Observation to Information and Users: The Copernicus Marine Service Perspective

Author

Pierre Yves Le Traon, Antonio Reppucci, Enrique Alvarez Fanjul, Lotfi Aouf, Arno Behrens, Maria Belmonte, Abderrahim Bentamy, Laurent Bertino, Vittorio Ernesto Brando, Matilde Brandt Kreiner, Mounir Benkiran, Thierry Carval, Stefania A. Ciliberti, Hervé Claustre, Emanuela Clementi, Giovanni Coppini, Gianpiero Cossarini, Marta De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Anne Delamarche, Gerald Dibarboure, Frode Dinessen, Marie Drevillon, Yann Drillet, Yannice Faugere, Vicente Fernández, Andrew Fleming, M. Isabel Garcia-Hermosa, Marcos García Sotillo, Gilles Garric, Florent Gasparin, Cedric Giordan, Marion Gehlen, Marilaure L. Gregoire, Stephanie Guinehut, Mathieu Hamon, Chris Harris, Fabrice Hernandez, Jørgen B. Hinkler, Jacob Hoyer, Juha Karvonen, Susan Kay, Robert King, Thomas Lavergne, Benedicte Lemieux-Dudon, Leonardo Lima, Chongyuan Mao, Matthew J. Martin, Simona Masina, Angelique Melet, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Glenn Nolan, Ananda Pascual, Jenny Pistoia, Atanas Palazov, Jean Francois Piolle, Marie Isabelle Pujol, Anne Christine Pequignet, Elisaveta Peneva, Begoña Pérez Gómez, Loic Petit de la Villeon, Nadia Pinardi, Andrea Pisano, Sylvie Pouliquen, Rebecca Reid, Elisabeth Remy, Rosalia Santoleri, John Siddorn, Jun She, Joanna Staneva, Ad Stoffelen, Marina Tonani, Luc Vandenbulcke, Karina von Schuckmann, Gianluca Volpe, Cecilie Wettre, Anna Zacharioudaki, Le Traon, Pierre Yve, Reppucci, Antonio, Alvarez Fanjul, Enrique, Aouf, Lotfi, Behrens, Arno, Belmonte, Maria, Bentamy, Abderrahim, Bertino, Laurent, Brando, Vittorio Ernesto, Kreiner, Matilde Brandt, Benkiran, Mounir, Carval, Thierry, Ciliberti, Stefania A., Claustre, Hervé, Clementi, Emanuela, Coppini, Giovanni, Cossarini, Gianpiero, De Alfonso Alonso-Muñoyerro, Marta, Delamarche, Anne, Dibarboure, Gerald, Dinessen, Frode, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Faugere, Yannice, Fernández, Vicente, Fleming, Andrew, Garcia-Hermosa, M. Isabel, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gille, Gasparin, Florent, Giordan, Cedric, Gehlen, Marion, Gregoire, Marilaure L., Guinehut, Stephanie, Hamon, Mathieu, Harris, Chri, Hernandez, Fabrice, Hinkler, Jørgen B., Hoyer, Jacob, Karvonen, Juha, Kay, Susan, King, Robert, Lavergne, Thoma, Lemieux-Dudon, Benedicte, Lima, Leonardo, Mao, Chongyuan, Martin, Matthew J., Masina, Simona, Melet, Angelique, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, Nolan, Glenn, Pascual, Ananda, Pistoia, Jenny, Palazov, Atana, Piolle, Jean Francoi, Pujol, Marie Isabelle, Pequignet, Anne Christine, Peneva, Elisaveta, Pérez Gómez, Begoña, Petit de la Villeon, Loic, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Reid, Rebecca, Remy, Elisabeth, Santoleri, Rosalia, Siddorn, John, She, Jun, Staneva, Joanna, Stoffelen, Ad, Tonani, Marina, Vandenbulcke, Luc, von Schuckmann, Karina, Volpe, Gianluca, Wettre, Cecilie, Zacharioudaki, Anna, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, observing systems, Service (systems architecture), services, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Data products, Computer science, satellite, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data assimilation, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Downstream (networking), data assimilation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Copernicus, Global and Planetary Change, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Perspective (graphical), in situ, ocean, observing system, Marine Sciences, Thematic map, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Systems engineering, lcsh:Q, Satellite
Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) provides regular and systematic reference information on the physical and biogeochemical ocean and sea-ice state for the global ocean and the European regional seas. CMEMS serves a wide range of users (more than 15,000 users are now registered to the service) and applications. Observations are a fundamental pillar of the CMEMS value-added chain that goes from observation to information and users. Observations are used by CMEMS Thematic Assembly Centres (TACs) to derive high-level data products and by CMEMS Monitoring and Forecasting Centres (MFCs) to validate and constrain their global and regional ocean analysis and forecasting systems. This paper presents an overview of CMEMS, its evolution, and how the value of in situ and satellite observations is increased through the generation of high-level products ready to be used by downstream applications and services. The complementary nature of satellite and in situ observations is highlighted. Long-term perspectives for the development of CMEMS are described and implications for the evolution of the in situ and satellite observing systems are outlined. Results from Observing System Evaluations (OSEs) and Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) illustrate the high dependencies of CMEMS systems on observations. Finally future CMEMS requirements for both satellite and in situ observations are detailed.

Published
2019

2. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service Ocean State Report

Author

Simon A. Good, Roshin P. Raj, Tanguy Szekely, Yann Drillet, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Charles Desportes, M. Hamon, Irene Perez-Gonzalez, Sandrine Mulet, Lars Axell, Enrique Álvarez-Fanjul, Owen Embury, Gerasimos Korres, Clement Bricaud, Elin Almroth-Rosell, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Jean François Legeais, Quentin Dagneaux, Vidar S. Lien, Shubha Sathyendranath, Angélique Melet, Marie-Fanny Racault, Marcos García Sotillo, Pat Hyder, Aurélien Paulmier, Nathalie Verbrugge, Stephen Dye, Robert J. W. Brewin, Jun She, Mélanie Juza, Antonio G. Ramos, Laurent Parent, Elodie Gutknecht, Isabelle Pujol, Jérôme Gourrion, John Kennedy, Jason Holt, Antonio Bonaduce, Annette Samuelsen, Clotilde Dubois, Stephanie Guinehut, Florent Gasparin, Begoña Pérez-Gómez, Jonathan Tinker, Benoit Meyssignac, Lars-Anders Breivik, Karina von Schuckmann, Peter Sykes, Enda O'Dea, Magdalena Balmaseda, Bengt Karlson, Michael Ablain, Fabrice Hernandez, Gianpiero Cossarini, Alvaro De Pascual, Lena Viktorsson, Emanuela Clementi, Herve Roquet, Urmas Raudsepp, Rosemary Morrow, Giulio Notarstefano, Pierre-Yves Le Traon, Rebecca Reid, Cosimo Solidoro, Joaquín Tintoré, Marie Drevillon, Gilles Garric, Andrea Pisano, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Simona Simoncelli, Eric Greiner, Einar Olason, Coralie Perruche, Hélène Etienne, Fernando Manzano-Munoz, Claudia Fratianni, Nadia Pinardi, Bruno Levier, von Schuckmann, Karina, Le Traon, Pierre-Yve, Alvarez-Fanjul, Enrique, Axell, Lar, Balmaseda, Magdalena, Breivik, Lars-Ander, Brewin, Robert J. W., Bricaud, Clement, Drevillon, Marie, Drillet, Yann, Dubois, Clotilde, Embury, Owen, Etienne, Hélène, Sotillo, Marcos García, Garric, Gille, Gasparin, Florent, Gutknecht, Elodie, Guinehut, Stéphanie, Hernandez, Fabrice, Juza, Melanie, Karlson, Bengt, Korres, Gerasimo, Legeais, Jean-Françoi, Levier, Bruno, Lien, Vidar S., Morrow, Rosemary, Notarstefano, Giulio, Parent, Laurent, Pascual, Álvaro, Pérez-Gómez, Begoña, Perruche, Coralie, Pinardi, Nadia, Pisano, Andrea, Poulain, Pierre-Marie, Pujol, Isabelle M., Raj, Roshin P., Raudsepp, Urma, Roquet, Hervé, Samuelsen, Annette, Sathyendranath, Shubha, She, Jun, Simoncelli, Simona, Solidoro, Cosimo, Tinker, Jonathan, Tintoré, Joaquín, Viktorsson, Lena, Ablain, Michael, Almroth-Rosell, Elin, Bonaduce, Antonio, Clementi, Emanuela, Cossarini, Gianpiero, Dagneaux, Quentin, Desportes, Charle, Dye, Stephen, Fratianni, Claudia, Good, Simon, Greiner, Eric, Gourrion, Jerome, Hamon, Mathieu, Holt, Jason, Hyder, Pat, Kennedy, John, Manzano-Muñoz, Fernando, Melet, Angélique, Meyssignac, Benoit, Mulet, Sandrine, Buongiorno Nardelli, Bruno, O’Dea, Enda, Olason, Einar, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pérez-González, Irene, Reid, Rebecca, Racault, Marie-Fanny, Raitsos, Dionysios E., Ramos, Antonio, Sykes, Peter, Szekely, Tanguy, and Verbrugge, Nathalie

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Arctic sea ice decline, State of the ocean, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Effects of global warming on oceans, Antarctic sea ice, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Oceanography, Ocean reporting, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service, Sea ice, Operational oceanography, Ocean climate variability, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Arctic ice pack, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Thermohaline circulation, Ocean variability, Ocean monitoring, Ocean heat content
Abstract

The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) Ocean State Report (OSR) provides an annual report of the state of the global ocean and European regional seas for policy and decision-makers with the additional aim of increasing general public awareness about the status of, and changes in, the marine environment. The CMEMS OSR draws on expert analysis and provides a 3-D view (through reanalysis systems), a view from above (through remote-sensing data) and a direct view of the interior (through in situ measurements) of the global ocean and the European regional seas. The report is based on the unique CMEMS monitoring capabilities of the blue (hydrography, currents), white (sea ice) and green (e.g. Chlorophyll) marine environment. This first issue of the CMEMS OSR provides guidance on Essential Variables, large-scale changes and specific events related to the physical ocean state over the period 1993–2015. Principal findings of this first CMEMS OSR show a significant increase in global and regional sea levels, thermosteric expansion, ocean heat content, sea surface temperature and Antarctic sea ice extent and conversely a decrease in Arctic sea ice extent during the 1993–2015 period. During the year 2015 exceptionally strong large-scale changes were monitored such as, for example, a strong El Niño Southern Oscillation, a high frequency of extreme storms and sea level events in specific regions in addition to areas of high sea level and harmful algae blooms. At the same time, some areas in the Arctic Ocean experienced exceptionally low sea ice extent and temperatures below average were observed in the North Atlantic Ocean.

Published
2016

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