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1. The TESS Objects of Interest Catalog from the TESS Prime Mission

Author

David W. Latham, Nicholas Mehrle, Gáspár Á. Bakos, Scott W. Fleming, Clara Sousa-Silva, Ana Glidden, Alton Spencer, Aylin Garcia Soto, Ashley Chontos, Stephen R. Kane, Joshua E. Schlieder, David Berardo, David Charbonneau, Zhuchang Zhan, Rahul Jayaraman, Chelsea X. Huang, H. P. Osborn, David Watanabe, Natalia Guerrero, Jack J. Lissauer, Joshua N. Winn, Eric B. Ting, Zahra Essack, Douglas N. C. Lin, Thomas Mikal-Evans, M. Swain, Pamela Rowden, Allyson Bieryla, Norio Narita, Knicole D. Colón, Karen A. Collins, Steven Villanueva, Laura Kreidberg, Peter Tenenbaum, Ismael Mireles, Jeffrey L. Coughlin, Thomas Barclay, Akshata Krishnamurthy, Jacob L. Bean, Guillermo Torres, William Fong, Luke G. Bouma, Zachory K. Berta-Thompson, Martin Paegert, Patricia T. Boyd, Alessandro Sozzetti, Goran Zivanovic, Ian Wong, Susan E. Mullally, Robert L. Morris, Maximilian N. Günther, Benjamin V. Rackham, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Dana R. Louie, Lars A. Buchhave, Sara Seager, Christopher J. Burke, András Pál, Sarah Ballard, Michael B. Lund, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Michael Fausnaugh, Bill Wohler, Jon M. Jenkins, Samuel N. Quinn, Avi Shporer, Diana Dragomir, David R. Ciardi, Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Chris Henze, Hans Kjeldsen, Roland Vanderspek, Prajwal Niraula, Stéphane Udry, Jason A. Dittmann, Mark Clampin, Jennifer Burt, Enric Palle, Lizhou Sha, S. Rinehart, Jeffrey C. Smith, Matthew J. Holman, David R. Rodriguez, Elisa V. Quintana, Natalie M. Batalha, Mark E. Rose, Stephen J. L. Rowden, Tansu Daylan, Keivan G. Stassun, Dimitar Sasselov, Nathaniel R. Butler, Jessie L. Christiansen, Katharine Hesse, Liang Yu, Douglas A. Caldwell, Joseph D. Twicken, George R. Ricker, Jian Ge, Joshua Pepper, Andrew W. Howard, Lisa Kaltenegger, Andrew Vanderburg, John P. Doty, Daniel A. Yahalomi, and Charlotte Minsky

Subjects
Data products, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Exoplanet astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Prime (order theory), 010309 optics, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Exoplanet catalogs, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Exoplanets, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Light curve, Exoplanet, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present 2,241 exoplanet candidates identified with data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) during its two-year prime mission. We list these candidates in the TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Catalog, which includes both new planet candidates found by TESS and previously-known planets recovered by TESS observations. We describe the process used to identify TOIs and investigate the characteristics of the new planet candidates, and discuss some notable TESS planet discoveries. The TOI Catalog includes an unprecedented number of small planet candidates around nearby bright stars, which are well-suited for detailed follow-up observations. The TESS data products for the Prime Mission (Sectors 1-26), including the TOI Catalog, light curves, full-frame images, and target pixel files, are publicly available on the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes., Comment: 39 pages, 16 figures. The Prime Mission TOI Catalog is included in the ancillary data as a CSV. For the most up-to-date catalog, refer to https://tess.mit.edu/toi-releases/

Published
2021
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2. A Habitable-zone Earth-sized Planet Rescued from False Positive Status

Author

David W. Latham, Jeffrey L. Coughlin, Pamela Rowden, Steve Bryson, Andrew Vanderburg, Knicole D. Colón, Karen A. Collins, Susan E. Mullally, Chelsea X. Huang, Natalie M. Batalha, Chris Henze, and Samuel N. Quinn

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Star (game theory), Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Venus, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), biology, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Circumstellar habitable zone, Earth (classical element), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone of a low-mass star called Kepler-1649. The planet, Kepler-1649 c, is 1.06$^{+0.15}_{-0.10}$ times the size of Earth and transits its 0.1977 +/- 0.0051 Msun mid M-dwarf host star every 19.5 days. It receives 74 +/- 3 % the incident flux of Earth, giving it an equilibrium temperature of 234 +/- 20K and placing it firmly inside the circumstellar habitable zone. Kepler-1649 also hosts a previously-known inner planet that orbits every 8.7 days and is roughly equivalent to Venus in size and incident flux. Kepler-1649 c was originally classified as a false positive by the Kepler pipeline, but was rescued as part of a systematic visual inspection of all automatically dispositioned Kepler false positives. This discovery highlights the value of human inspection of planet candidates even as automated techniques improve, and hints that terrestrial planets around mid to late M-dwarfs may be more common than those around more massive stars., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2020

3. Mass determinations of the three mini-Neptunes transiting TOI-125

Author

Farzana Meru, Matías R. Díaz, John H. Livingston, Florian Rodler, Samuel N. Quinn, Pablo Rojas, Heike Rauer, Diana Kossakowski, Isabelle Boisse, George R. Ricker, P. T. Boyd, Ravit Helled, Judith Korth, S. C. C. Barros, L. A. dos Santos, A. P. Hatzes, S. Sabotta, Rafael Luque, M. Stalport, Andrew Vanderburg, Jason H. Steffen, Vincent Van Eylen, Edward M. Bryant, Jon M. Jenkins, David J. Armstrong, L. González-Cuesta, S. Hojjatpanah, Norio Narita, Felipe Murgas, Savita Mathur, J. F. Otegi, Paul Wilson, Iskra Georgieva, Nicolás T. Kurtovic, Sara Seager, Emeline Bolmont, Xavier Dumusque, Jose I. Vines, M. Esposito, Z. M. Berdinas, Sascha Grziwa, Olivier Demangeon, J. M. Almenara, O. Mousis, Julia V. Seidel, D. J. A. Brown, T. Lopez, A. Santerne, S. G. Sousa, Benjamin F. Cooke, Davide Gandolfi, R. A. Garcia, Eric B. Ting, Fei Dai, David W. Latham, Daniel Bayliss, Romain Allart, Peter J. Wheatley, François Bouchy, Christopher J. Burke, Vardan Adibekyan, Seth Redfield, Hugh P. Osborn, Natalia Guerrero, Joshua N. Winn, Malcolm Fridlund, Martin Turbet, Louise D. Nielsen, Chris Henze, Caroline Dorn, J. Dittman, K. W. F. Lam, Carina M. Persson, William D. Cochran, Jorge Lillo-Box, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Stéphane Udry, Nuno C. Santos, David Barrado, Enric Palle, James S. Jenkins, Roland Vanderspek, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Vanderburg, A. [0000-0001-7246-5438], Dos Santos, L. [0000-0002-2248-3838], Barrado, D. [0000-0002-5971-9242], Cochran, W. [0000-0001-9662-3496], Lillo Box, J. [0000-0003-3742-1987], Barros, S. [0000-0003-2434-3625], Stalport, M. [0000-0003-0996-6402], Dorn, C. [0000-0001-6110-4610], Nielsen, L. D. [0000-0002-5254-2499], Seidel, J. V. [0000-0002-7990-9596], Diaz, M. R. [0000-0002-2100-3257], Bolmont, E. [0000-0001-5657-4503], Adibekyan, V. [0000-0002-0601-6199], Van Eylen, V. [0000-0001-5542-8870], Armstrong, D. [0000-0002-5080-4117], Korth, J. [0000-0002-0076-6239], Díaz, R. [0000-0001-9289-5160], Santos, N. [0000-0003-4422-2919], Luque, R. [0000-0002-4671-2957], Turbet, M. [0000-0003-2260-9856], Mathur, S. [0000-0002-0129-0316], Strom, P. A. [0000-0002-7823-1090], Sabotta, S. [0000-0001-9078-5574], Wheatley, P. [0000-0003-1452-2240], Hojjatpanah, S. [0000-0002-0417-1902], Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT), Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Swiss National Centre of Competence inResearch (NCCR), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), European Research Council (ERC), European Southern Observatory, STFC via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship, FEDER -Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional through COMPETE2020-Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, CONICYT-PFCHA/Doctorado Nacional, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica CONICYT FONDECYT, German Research Foundation (DFG), Spanish State Research Agency (AEI), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, and Spanish Ministry under the Ramon y Cajal fellowship

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planets and satellites: detection, Planets and satellites: individual: (TOI-125, TIC 52368076), FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Neptune, Planet, TIC 52368076), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], individual: TOI-125, TIC 52368076 [Planets and satellites], Ecliptic, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Planets and satellites: detection, Orbital period, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, detection [Planets and satellites], Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planets and satellites: individual: (TOI-125
Abstract

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, TESS, is currently carrying out an all-sky search for small planets transiting bright stars. In the first year of the TESS survey, steady progress was made in achieving the mission's primary science goal of establishing bulk densities for 50 planets smaller than Neptune. During that year, TESS's observations were focused on the southern ecliptic hemisphere, resulting in the discovery of three mini-Neptunes orbiting the star TOI-125, a V=11.0 K0 dwarf. We present intensive HARPS radial velocity observations, yielding precise mass measurements for TOI-125b, TOI-125c and TOI-125d. TOI-125b has an orbital period of 4.65 days, a radius of $2.726 \pm 0.075 ~\mathrm{R_{\rm E}}$, a mass of $ 9.50 \pm 0.88 ~\mathrm{M_{\rm E}}$ and is near the 2:1 mean motion resonance with TOI-125c at 9.15 days. TOI-125c has a similar radius of $2.759 \pm 0.10 ~\mathrm{R_{\rm E}}$ and a mass of $ 6.63 \pm 0.99 ~\mathrm{M_{\rm E}}$, being the puffiest of the three planets. TOI-125d, has an orbital period of 19.98 days and a radius of $2.93 \pm 0.17~\mathrm{R_{\rm E}}$ and mass $13.6 \pm 1.2 ~\mathrm{M_{\rm E}}$. For TOI-125b and TOI-125d we find unusual high eccentricities of $0.19\pm 0.04$ and $0.17^{+0.08}_{-0.06}$, respectively. Our analysis also provides upper mass limits for the two low-SNR planet candidates in the system; for TOI-125.04 ($R_P=1.36 ~\mathrm{R_{\rm E}}$, $P=$0.53 days) we find a $2\sigma$ upper mass limit of $1.6~\mathrm{M_{\rm E}}$, whereas TOI-125.05 ( $R_P=4.2^{+2.4}_{-1.4} ~\mathrm{R_{\rm E}}$, $P=$ 13.28 days) is unlikely a viable planet candidate with upper mass limit $2.7~\mathrm{M_{\rm E}}$. We discuss the internal structure of the three confirmed planets, as well as dynamical stability and system architecture for this intriguing exoplanet system., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2020
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4. Discovery of a young low-mass brown dwarf transiting a fast-rotating F-type star by the Galactic Plane eXoplanet (GPX) survey

Author

Andrew Vanderburg, F. Grau Horta, Eric L. N. Jensen, R. Naves, F. Kashaev, Michaël Gillon, W. Kang, Stan Shadick, Ş. Torun, V. V. Dyachenko, A. Bonfanti, A. Burdanov, Elisa V. Quintana, George R. Ricker, D. Molina, Olivier Demangeon, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Flavien Kiefer, Joshua Pepper, Sara Seager, M. Banfi, I. A. Sokova, A. A. Mitrofanova, A. Wunsche, V. Krushinsky, E. N. Sokov, Paul Wilson, Roland Vanderspek, Michael D. Joner, Chris Henze, Fabio Salvaggio, E. Pakštienė, E. Girardin, G. Valyavin, E. D. Kuznetsov, Guillaume Hébrard, A. Belinski, S. Dalal, David W. Latham, Keivan G. Stassun, J. Garlitz, D. A. Rastegaev, Özgür Baştürk, V.-P. Hentunen, A. Beskakotov, K. Antonyuk, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Y. Jongen, T. Kim, M. Spencer, Emmanuel Jehin, Allyson Bieryla, Daniel J. Stevens, Karen A. Collins, Jose-Manuel Almenara, Susan E. Mullally, Alessandro Marchini, M. Bretton, David Charbonneau, A. A. Popov, M. Tsantaki, K. Ivanov, Jon M. Jenkins, Khalid Barkaoui, Riccardo Papini, Selçuk Yalçınkaya, and P. Benni

Subjects
Brown dwarf, ASTRONOMICAL DATA BASES [SURVEYS], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), ROTATION [STARS], 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, INDIVIDUAL: GPX-1 [STARS], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, DISC [GALAXY], Galactic plane, BROWN DWARFS [STARS], Exoplanet, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We announce the discovery of GPX-1 b, a transiting brown dwarf with a mass of $19.7\pm 1.6$ $M_{\mathrm{Jup}}$ and a radius of $1.47\pm0.10$ $R_{\mathrm{Jup}}$, the first sub-stellar object discovered by the Galactic Plane eXoplanet (GPX) survey. The brown dwarf transits a moderately bright ($V$ = 12.3 mag) fast-rotating F-type star with a projected rotational velocity $v\sin{ i_*}=40\pm10$ km/s. We use the isochrone placement algorithm to characterize the host star, which has effective temperature $7000\pm200$ K, mass $1.68\pm0.10$ $M_{\mathrm{Sun}}$, radius $1.56\pm0.10$ $R_{\mathrm{Sun}}$ and approximate age $0.27_{-0.15}^{+0.09}$ Gyr. GPX-1 b has an orbital period of $\sim$1.75 d, and a transit depth of $0.90\pm0.03$ %. We describe the GPX transit detection observations, subsequent photometric and speckle-interferometric follow-up observations, and SOPHIE spectroscopic measurements, which allowed us to establish the presence of a sub-stellar object around the host star. GPX-1 was observed at 30-min integrations by TESS in Sector 18, but the data is affected by blending with a 3.4 mag brighter star 42 arcsec away. GPX-1 b is one of about two dozen transiting brown dwarfs known to date, with a mass close to the theoretical brown dwarf/gas giant planet mass transition boundary. Since GPX-1 is a moderately bright and fast-rotating star, it can be followed-up by the means of Doppler tomography., 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted to MNRAS in May 2021

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5. TESS and HARPS reveal two sub-Neptunes around TOI 1062

Author

J. N. Winn, Roland Vanderspek, A. Hadjigeorghiou, Sergio Hoyer, J. F. Otegi, Caroline Dorn, Brian McLean, Vardan Adibekyan, J.-B. Delisle, Matteo Brogi, Angelica Psaridi, George R. Ricker, David R. Ciardi, Nathan Hara, Karen A. Collins, D. A. Caldwell, Stéphane Udry, R. Schwarz, Keivan G. Stassun, Chris Henze, Daniel Bayliss, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Andrew Vanderburg, Louise D. Nielsen, David J. Armstrong, Sara Seager, S. C. C. Barros, Nuno C. Santos, David Barrado, M. Fridlund, Siddharth Gandhi, Ravit Helled, M. Stalport, P. Figueira, Xavier Dumusque, G. Wang, H. P. Osborn, Robert F. Goeke, Jason D. Eastman, Jon M. Jenkins, François Bouchy, S. G. Sousa, P. A. Strøm, Natalia Guerrero, Dennis M. Conti, D. W. Latham, D. J. A. Brown, A. Osborn, J. Lillo-Box, P. T. Boyd, S. Hojjatpanah, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Orbital elements, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radius, Planets and satellites: detection, Astrophysics - Earth and planetary astrophysics, Orbital period, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Planets and satellites: composition, Radial velocity, Stars, Mean motion, Planets and satellites: general, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (\textit{TESS}) mission was designed to perform an all-sky search of planets around bright and nearby stars. Here we report the discovery of two sub-Neptunes orbiting around the TOI 1062 (TIC 299799658), a V=10.25 G9V star observed in the TESS Sectors 1, 13, 27 & 28. We use precise radial velocity observations from HARPS to confirm and characterize these two planets. TOI 1062b has a radius of 2.265^{+0.095}_{-0.091} Re, a mass of 11.8 +\- 1.4 Me, and an orbital period of 4.115050 +/- 0.000007 days. The second planet is not transiting, has a minimum mass of 7.4 +/- 1.6 Me and is near the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the innermost planet with an orbital period of 8.13^{+0.02}_{-0.01} days. We performed a dynamical analysis to explore the proximity of the system to this resonance, and to attempt at further constraining the orbital parameters. The transiting planet has a mean density of 5.58^{+1.00}_{-0.89} g cm^-3 and an analysis of its internal structure reveals that it is expected to have a small volatile envelope accounting for 0.35% of the mass at maximum. The star's brightness and the proximity of the inner planet to the "radius gap" make it an interesting candidate for transmission spectroscopy, which could further constrain the composition and internal structure of TOI 1062b., 14 pages, 11 figures

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