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12 results on '"Faus-Golfe, Angeles"'

1. Status of the CompactLight Design Study

Author

D'Auria, Gerardo, Aicheler, Markus, Aksoy, Avni, Alesini, David, Apsimon, Robert, Arnesano, Jordan Matias, Bellaveglia, Marco, Bernhard, Axel, Bosco, Fabio, Buonomo, Bruno, Burt, Graeme, Calvi, Marco, Cardelli, Fabio, Castañeda Cortés, Hector Mauricio, Castilla, Alejandro, Clarke, James, Croia, Michele, Cross, Adrian, Dattoli, Giuseppe, Di Mitri, Simone, Diomede, Marco, Dowd, Rohan, Dunning, David, Esperante Pereira, Daniel, Fang, Wencheng, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Ferrario, Massimo, Ficcadenti, Luca, Fuster, Juan, Gallo, Alessandro, Gazis, Evangelos, Gazis, Nikolaos, Geometrante, Raffaella, Gethmann, Julian, Gimeno, Benito, Giribono, Anna, Gonzalez-Iglesias, Daniel, Goryashko, Vitaliy, Han, Yanliang, Hoekstra, Ronnie, Jacewicz, Marek, Janssen, Xander, Kokole, Mirko, Latina, Andrea, Liu, Xingguang, Luiten, Jom, Marcos, Jordi, Marín, Eduardo, Mostacci, Andrea, Mutsaers, Peter, Muñoz Horta, Raquel, Nergiz, Zafer, Nguyen, Federico, Nix, Laurence, Palumbo, Luigi, Pérez, Francis, Petralia, Alberto, Piersanti, Luca, Priem, Johannes, Rochow, Regina, Rossi, Carlo, Ruber, Roger, Schmidt, Thomas, Schulte, Daniel, Scifo, Jessica, Spataro, Bruno, Stapnes, Steinar, Stragier, Xavier, Tanke, Eugene, Taylor, Geoffrey, Thompson, Neil, Trachnas, Emmanuil, Vaccarezza, Cristina, Wu, Xiaowei, Wuensch, Walter, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Liang, Zhu, Dajun, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Helsinki Institute of Physics, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
electron, Third parties, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], European union, Free electron lasers, Electrons, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 114 Physical sciences, Design studies, Potential users, Accelerator Physics, Short periods, High gradient, Wigglers, 0103 physical sciences, Free Electron Lasers, Wigglers, X-Ray Laser, Status of Projects and Facilities, linac, 010306 general physics, undulator, Accelerating structure, 010302 applied physics, FEL, X rays, Accelerators and Storage Rings, gun, X-Ray Laser, International collaborations, International cooperation
Abstract

CompactLight (XLS) is an International Collaboration of 24 partners and 5 third parties, funded by the European Union through the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme. The main goal of the project, which started in January 2018 with a duration of 36 months, is the design of an hard X-ray FEL facility beyond today’s state of the art, using the latest concepts for bright electron photo-injectors, high-gradient accelerating structures, and innovative short-period undulators. The specifications of the facility and the parameters of the future FEL are driven by the demands of potential users and the associated science cases. In this paper we will give an overview on the ongoing activities and the major results achieved until now., Proceedings of the 39th Free Electron Laser Conference, FEL2019, Hamburg, Germany

Published
2019
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2. Combined field emission and multipactor simulation in high gradient RF accelerating structures

Author

Banon-Caballero, David, Catalán Lasheras, Nuria, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Gimeno, Benito, Szypula, Kamil, Wuensch, Walter, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, electron, MC7: Accelerator Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], multipactoring, cavity, simulation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, 0103 physical sciences, GUI
Abstract

Field emitted electrons have important consequences in the operation of high-gradient RF accelerating structures both by generating so-called dark currents and initiating RF breakdown. The latter is an important limitation of the performance in such devices. Another kind of vacuum discharge that primarily affects the operation of lower-field RF components, for example those used in space applications, is multipactor. Theoretical simulations using CST Particle Studio, show that field emitted electrons generated in the high field regions of high-gradient accelerating cavities migrate to low field regions under ponderomotive forces potentially triggering multipactor there. This phenomenon is an interplay between high field and low field processes which may have as a consequence that multipactor actually affects to the performance of high-gradient cavities because field emitted electrons might reduce the timescales for the onset of multipactor., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Published
2019
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3. Positron source for FCC-ee

Author

Chaikovska, Iryna, Apyan, Armen, Chehab, Robert, Enomoto, Yoshinori, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Furukawa, Kazuro, Han, Yanliang, Kamitani, Takuya, Martyshkin, Pavel, Miyahara, Fusashi, Ogur, Salim, Oide, Katsunobu, Papaphilippou, Yannis, Rinolfi, Louis, Satoh, Masanori, Seimiya, Yuji, Sievers, Peter, Suwada, Tsuyoshi, Zimmermann, Frank, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
electron, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, MC1: Circular and Linear Colliders, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], FCC-ee, particle source: design, positron: production, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, positron: particle source, target, target: hybrid, positron: capture, 0103 physical sciences, positron: acceleration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, positron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, collider, linac, 010306 general physics, numerical calculations
Abstract

The FCC-ee is a high-luminosity, high-precision circular collider to be constructed in a new 100 km tunnel in the Geneva area. The physics case is well established and the FCC-ee operation is foreseen at 91 GeV (Z-pole), 160 GeV (W pair production threshold), 240 GeV (Higgs resonance) and 365 GeV (t-tbar threshold). Due to the large 6D production emittance and important thermal load in the production target, the positron injector, in particular the positron source, is one of the key elements of the FCC-ee, requiring special attention. To ensure high reliability of the positron source, conventional and hybrid targets are currently under study. The final choice of the positron target will be made based on the estimated performances. In this framework, we present a preliminary design of the FCC-ee positron source, with detailed simulation studies of positron production, capture and primary acceleration., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Published
2019
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4. Collimation system studies for the FCC-hh

Author

Bruce, Roderik, Abramov, Andrey, Bertarelli, Alessandro, Besana, Maria Ilaria, Carra, Federico, Cerutti, Francesco, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Fiascaris, Maria, Gobbi, Giorgia, Krainer, Alexander, Lechner, Anton, Mereghetti, Alessio, Mirarchi, Daniele, Molson, James, Pasquali, Michele, Redaelli, Stefano, Schulte, Daniel, Serluca, Maurizio, Skordis, Eleftherios, Varasteh Anvar, Mohammad, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP)

Subjects
History, Thermo-mechanical response, Stored beams, Proton, Unprecedented demand, Tiny beams, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Hadron, quenching, FCC-hh, collimator: design, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, Accelerator Physics, Education, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Tellurium compounds, Colliding beam accelerators, law, 0103 physical sciences, Superconducting magnets, High energy physics, 010306 general physics, Collider, numerical calculations, Physics, Energy depositions, MC1: Circular and Linear Colliders, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, beam loss, collimation, magnet: superconductivity, simulation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Computer Science Applications, Large Hadron Collider, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, collider, hadron, Beam loss, Collimation system, mechanics, performance, proton
Abstract

The Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) is being designed as a 100 km ring that should collide 50 TeV proton beams. At 8.3 GJ, its stored beam energy will be a factor 28 higher than what has been achieved in the Large Hadron Collider, which has the highest stored beam energy among the colliders built so far. This puts unprecedented demands on the control of beam losses and collimation, since even a tiny beam loss risks quenching superconducting magnets. We present in this article the design of the FCC-hh collimation system and study the beam cleaning through simulations of tracking, energy deposition, and thermo-mechanical response. We investigate the collimation performance for design beam loss scenarios and potential bottlenecks are highlighted., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Published
2019
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5. High Gradient Performance of an S-Band Backward Traveling Wave Accelerating Structure for Medical Hadron Therapy Accelerators

Author

Vnuchenko, Anna, Benedetti, Stefano, Blanch Gutiérrez, Cesar, Catalán Lasheras, Nuria, Esperante Pereira, Daniel, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Grudiev, Alexej, Koubek, Benjamin, Lucas, Thomas, McMonagle, Gerard, Pitman, Sam, Syratchev, Igor, Volpi, Matteo, Woolley, Benjamin, Wuensch, Walter, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Satogata, Todd (Ed.), and Schaa, Volker RW (Ed.)

Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics, U01 Medical Applications, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 08 Applications of Accelerators, Tech Transfer and Industrial Relations, cavity, Accelerators and Storage Rings, 01 natural sciences, Accelerator Physics, radiation, 0103 physical sciences, linac, 010306 general physics, accelerating-gradient, proton
Abstract

The high-gradient performance of an accelerating structure prototype for a medical proton linac is presented. The structure was designed and built using technology developed by the CLIC collaboration and the target application is the TULIP (Turning Linac for Proton therapy) proposal developed by the TERA foundation. The special feature of this design is to produce gradient of more than 50 MV /m in low-β accelerating structures (v/c=0.38). The structure was tested in an S-band test stand at CERN. During the tests, the structure reached over above 60 MV/m at 1.2 μs pulse length and breakdown rate of about 5x10⁻⁶ bpp. The results presented include ultimate performance, long term behaviour and measurements that can guide future optimization., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Published
2018
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6. CompactLight Design Study

Author

Latina, Andrea, Schulte, Daniel, Wuensch, Walter, Stapnes, Steinar, D'Auria, Gerardo, Rochow, Regina, Clarke, Jim, Fang, Wencheng, Gazis, Evangelos, Jacewicz, Marek, Dowd, Rohan, Aksoy, Avni, Priem, Hans, Ferrario, Massimo, Geometrante, Raffaella, Mostacci, Andrea, Nguyen, Federico, Perez, Francis, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Bernhard, Axel, Schmidt, Thomas, Esperante, Daniel, Aicheler, Markus, Cross, Adrian, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, electron, FEL, CompactLight, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], C - Compact Light Sources, Undulators, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, X-band technologies, Free Electron Lasers, gun, X-Ray Laser, X band, 0103 physical sciences, Compact accelerators, ion, FELs, undulator, Free Electron Lasers, X band, X-Ray Laser
Abstract

H2020 CompactLight Project aims at designing the next generation of compact hard X-Rays Free-Electron Lasers, relying on very high accelerating gradients and on novel undulator concepts. CompactLight intends to design a compact Hard X-ray FEL facility based on very high-gradient acceleration in the X band of frequencies, on a very bright photo injector, and on short-period/superconductive undulators to enable smaller electron beam energy. If compared to existing facilities, the proposed facility will benefit from a lower electron beam energy, due to the enhanced undulators performance, be significantly more compact, as a consequence both of the lower energy and of the high-gradient X-band structures, have lower electrical power demand and a smaller footprint. CompactLight is a consortium of 24 institutes (21 European + 3 extra Europeans), gathering the world-leading experts both in the domains of X-band acceleration and undulator design., Proceedings of the 60th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on Future Light Sources, FLS2018, Shanghai, China

Published
2018
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7. Main Achievements of the PACMAN Project for the Alignment at Micrometric Scale of Accelerator Components

Author

Mainaud Durand, Helene, Artoos, Kurt, Buzio, Marco, Caiazza, Domenico, Catalán Lasheras, Nuria, Cherif, Ahmed, Doytchinov, Iordan, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Fuchs, Jean-Frederic, Gaddi, Andrea, Galindo Munoz, Natalia, Gayde, Jean-Christophe, Kamugasa, Solomon, Modena, Michele, Novotny, Peter, Russenschuck, Stephan, Sanz, Claude, Severino, Giordana, Tshilumba, David, Vlachakis, Vasileios, Wendt, Manfred, Zorzetti, Silvia, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010309 optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 0103 physical sciences, quadrupole, 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects, feedback, alignment, collider, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics, target
Abstract

The objectives of the PACMAN* project are to improve the precision and accuracy of the alignment of accelerator components. Two steps of alignment are concerned: the fiducialisation, i.e. the determination of the reference axis of components w.r.t alignment targets, and the initial alignment of components on a common support assembly. The main accelerator components considered for the study are quadrupoles, 15 GHz BPM and RF structures from the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) project. Different methods have been developed to determine the reference axis of these components with a micrometric accuracy, as well as to determine the position of this reference axis in the coordinate frame of the common support assembly. The tools and methods developed have been validated with success on dedicated test setups using CLIC components. This paper will provide a compilation of the main achievements and results obtained., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Published
2017
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8. Beam dynamics issues in the FCC

Author

Zimmermann, Frank, Abelleira, Jose, Appleby, Robert, Bambade, Philip, Barranco, Javier, Bartmann, Wolfgang, Benedikt, Michael, Besana, Maria Ilaria, Biarrotte, Jean-Luc, Boine-Frankenheim, Oliver, Boscolo, Manuela, Bruce, Roderik, Brüning, Oliver, Buffat, Xavier, Burkart, Florian, Burkhardt, Helmut, Calatroni, Sergio, Cerutti, Francesco, Chancé, Antoine, Collamati, Francesco, Cruz Alaniz, Emilia, Dalena, Barbara, Drago, Alessandro, Fartoukh, Stephane, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Fiascaris, Maria, Fox, John, Garion, Cedric, Goddard, Brennan, Guillermo Cantón, Gerardo, Holzer, Bernhard, Höfle, Wolfgang, Jowett, John, Kersevan, Roberto, Khan, Shaukat, Kornilov, Vladimir, Lachaize, Antoine, Martin, Roman, Mether, Lotta, Milanese, Attilio, Mitsuhashi, Toshiyuki, Molson, James, Niedermayer, Uwe, Ohmi, Kazuhito, Payet, Jacques, Pieloni, Tatiana, Redaelli, Stefano, Riemann, Bernard, Rumolo, Giovanni, Salvant, Benoit, Schaumann, Michaela, Schulte, Daniel, Seryi, Andrei, Shaposhnikova, Elena, Stoel, Linda, Stupakov, Gennady, Tambasco, Claudia, Tomás, Rogelio, Tommasini, Davide, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
p p: scattering, beam dynamics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], brightness, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Accelerator Physics, 0103 physical sciences, beam: injection, luminosity, FCC, 010306 general physics, activity report, emittance, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, magnet: superconductivity, magnet: technology, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Beam Dynamics in Rings, bending magnet, radiation, CERN LHC Coll, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, hadron, collider, niobium: tin
Abstract

The international Future Circular Collider (FCC) study is designing hadron, lepton and lepton-hadron colliders based on a new 100 km tunnel in the Geneva region. The main focus and ultimate goal of the study are high-luminosity proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 100 TeV, using 16 T Nb3Sn dipole magnets. Specific FCC beam dynamics issues are related to the large circumference, the high brightness - made available by radiation damping -, the small geometric emittance, unprecedented collision energy and luminosity, the huge amount of energy stored in the beam, large synchrotron radiation power, plus the injection scenarios. In addition to the FCC-hh proper, also a High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) is being explored, using the FCC-hh magnet technology in the existing LHC tunnel, which can yield a centre-of-mass energy around 25 TeV., Proceedings of the 57th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams, HB2016, Malmö, Sweden

Published
2016
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9. Modeling and Experimental Studies of Beam Halo at ATF2

Author

Yang, Renjun, Bambade, Philip, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Fuster-Martínez, Nuria, Kubytskyi, Viacheslav, Naito, Takashi, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATF2, and Starita, Sabine

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects, Physics::Accelerator Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Accelerator Physics, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

The Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK is a prototype of the final focus system for the next generation of Future Linear Colliders(FCL). It aims to focus the beams to tens of nanometer transverse sizes and to provide stability at the few nm level. Achieving these goals requires modelling, measuring and suppressing of the transverse beam halo before the interaction point (IP). This paper presents a beam tail/halo generator based on realistic model and the investigation of vertical and horizontal beam tail/halo distribution at ATF2., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Published
2016

10. Towards a Monochromatization Scheme for Direct Higgs Production at FCC-ee

Author

Valdivia García, Marco, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, and Zimmermann, Frank

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, Extreme Beams (XBEAM) [5], 0302 clinical medicine, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 01 Circular and Linear Colliders, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Extreme colliders (XCOL) [5.2], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Direct Higgs production in e⁺e⁻ collisions at the FCC is of interest if the centre-of-mass energy spread can be reduced by at least an order of magnitude. A mono-chromatization scheme, to accomplish this, can be realized with horizontal dispersion of opposite sign for the two colliding beams at the interaction point (IP). We review approaches from historical mono-chromatization studies, then derive a set of IP parameters which would provide the required performance in FCC e⁺e⁻ collisions at 63 GeV beam energy, compare these with the baseline optics parameters at neighbouring energies (45.6 and 80 GeV), comment on the effect of beamstrahlung, and, finally, discuss the modifications of the FCC-ee final-focus optics needed to obtain the required parameters., Proceedings of the 7th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2016, Busan, Korea

Published
2016

11. Beam Halo Measurements using Wire Scanners at ATF2

Author

Liu, Shan, Bai, Sha, Bambade, Philip, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Fuster-Martínez, Nuria, Gao, Jie, Tauchi, Toshiaki, Terunuma, Nobuhiro, Wang, Dou, ATF2 - ILC, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universitat de València (UV), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), KEK (High energy accelerator research organization), Christine Petit-Jean-Genaz, Gianluigi Arduini, Peter Michel, Volker RW Schaa, ATF, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], 0103 physical sciences, T03 Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Accelerator Physics, 06 Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback & Operational Aspects
Abstract

Beam halo hitting on the beam pipe after the Interaction Point (IP) can generate a large amount of background for the measurements of the nano meter beam size using the laser interferometer beam size monitor (Shintake monitor) at ATF2. In order to investigate the beam halo transverse distribution, a diamond detector will be installed downstream of the IP. A feasibility study of a transverse halo collimation system to reduce the background for these measurements is also in progress. Prior to the diamond detector installation, a first attempt of beam halo measurements have been performed in 2013 using the currently installed wire scanners. Modeling of the beam halo distribution in the extraction (EXT) line was done and compared with the old modeling for ATF. Beam halo measurements were also done using the post-IP wire scanner to investigate the beam halo distribution at post-IP., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

Published
2014
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12. The International Large Detector: Letter of Intent

Author

Abe, Toshinori, Abernathy, Jason M., Abramowicz, Halina, Adamus, Marek, Adeva, Bernardo, Afanaciev, Konstantin, Aguilar-Saavedra, Juan Antonio, Alabau Pons, Carmen, Albrecht, Hartwig, Andricek, Ladislav, Anduze, Marc, Aplin, Steve J., Arai, Yasuo, Asano, Masaki, Attie, David, Attree, Derek J., Burger, Jochen, Bailey, David, Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Ball, Markus, Ballin, James, Barbi, Mauricio, Barlow, Roger, Bartels, Christoph, Bartsch, Valeria, Bassignana, Daniela, Bates, Richard, Baudot, Jerome, Bechtle, Philip, Beck, Jeannine, Beckmann, Moritz, Bedjidian, Marc, Behnke, Ties, Belkadhi, Khaled, Bellerive, Alain, Bentvelsen, Stan, Bergauer, Thomas, Berggren, C.Mikael U., Bergholz, Matthias, Bernreuther, Werner, Besancon, Marc, Besson, Auguste, Bhattacharya, Sudeb, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biebel, Otmar, Bilki, Burak, Blair, Grahame, Blumlein, Johannes, Bo, Li, Boisvert, Veronique, Bondar, A., Bonvicini, Giovanni, Boos, Eduard, Boudry, Vincent, Bouquet, Bernard, Bouvier, Joel, Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Ivanka, Brient, Jean-Claude, Brock, Ian, Brogna, Andrea, Buchholz, Peter, Buesser, Karsten, Bulgheroni, Antonio, Butler, John, Buttar, Craig, Buzulutskov, A.F., Caccia, Massimo, Caiazza, Stefano, Calcaterra, Alessandro, Caldwell, Allen, Callier, Stephane L.C., Calvo Alamillo, Enrique, Campbell, Michael, Campbell, Alan J., Cappellini, Chiara, Carloganu, Cristina, Castro, Nuno, Castro Carballo, Maria Elena, Chadeeva, Marina, Chakraborty, Dhiman, Chang, Paoti, Charpy, Alexandre, Chen, Xun, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Hongfang, Cheon, Byunggu, Choi, Suyong, Choudhary, B.C., Christen, Sandra, Ciborowski, Jacek, Ciobanu, Catalin, Claus, Gilles, Clerc, Catherine, Coca, Cornelia, Colas, Paul, Colijn, Auke, Colledani, Claude, Combaret, Christophe, Cornat, Remi, Cornebise, Patrick, Corriveau, Francois, Cvach, Jaroslav, Czakon, Michal, D'Ascenzo, Nicola, Da Silva, Wilfrid, Dadoun, Olivier, Dam, Mogens, Damerell, Chris, Danilov, Mikhail, Daniluk, Witold, Daubard, Guillaume, David, Dorte, David, Jacques, De Boer, Wim, De Groot, Nicolo, De Jong, Sijbrand, De Jong, Paul, De La Taille, Christophe, De Masi, Rita, De Roeck, Albert, Decotigny, David, Dehmelt, Klaus, Delagnes, Eric, Deng, Zhi, Desch, Klaus, Dieguez, Angel, Diener, Ralf, Dima, Mihai-Octavian, Dissertori, Gunther, Dixit, Madhu S., Dolezal, Zdenek, Dolgoshein, Boris A., Dollan, Ralph, Dorokhov, Andrei, Doublet, Philippe, Doyle, Tony, Doziere, Guy, Dragicevic, Marko, Drasal, Zbynek, Drugakov, Vladimir, Duarte Campderros, Jordi, Dulucq, Frederic, Dumitru, Laurentiu Alexandru, Dzahini, Daniel, Eberl, Helmut, Eckerlin, Guenter, Ehrenfeld, Wolfgang, Eigen, Gerald, Eklund, Lars, Elsen, Eckhard, Elsener, Konrad, Emeliantchik, Igor, Engels, Jan, Evrard, Christophe, Fabbri, Riccardo, Faber, Gerard, Faucci Giannelli, Michele, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Feege, Nils, Feng, Cunfeng, Ferencei, Jozef, Fernandez Garcia, Marcos, Filthaut, Frank, Fleck, Ivor, Fleischer, Manfred, Fleta, Celeste, Fleury, Julien L., Fontaine, Jean-Charles, Foster, Brian, Fourches, Nicolas, Fouz, Mary-Cruz, Frank, Sebastian, Frey, Ariane, Frotin, Mickael, Fujii, Hirofumi, Fujii, Keisuke, Fujimoto, Junpei, Fujita, Yowichi, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Fuster, Juan, Gaddi, Andrea, Gaede, Frank, Galkin, Alexei, Galkin, Valery, Gallas, Abraham, Gallin-Martel, Laurent, Gamba, Diego, Gao, Yuanning, Garrido Beltran, Lluis, Garutti, Erika, Gastaldi, Franck, Gaur, Bakul, Gay, Pascal, Gellrich, Andreas, Genat, Jean-Francois, Gentile, Simonetta, Gerwig, Hubert, Gibbons, Lawrence, Ginina, Elena, Giraud, Julien, Giraudo, Giuseppe, Gladilin, Leonid, Goldstein, Joel, Gonzalez Sanchez, Francisco Javier, Gournaris, Filimon, Greenshaw, Tim, Greenwood, Z.D., Grefe, Christian, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Grenier, Gerald Jean, Gris, Philippe, Grondin, Denis, Grunewald, Martin, Grzelak, Grzegorz, Gurtu, Atul, Haas, Tobias, Haensel, Stephan, Hajdu, Csaba, Hallermann, Lea, Han, Liang, Hansen, Peter H., Hara, Takanori, Harder, Kristian, Hartin, Anthony, Haruyama, Tomiyoshi, Harz, Martin, Hasegawa, Yoji, Hauschild, Michael, He, Qing, Hedberg, Vincent, Hedin, David, Heinze, Isa, Helebrant, Christian, Henschel, Hans, Hensel, Carsten, Hertenberger, Ralf, Herve, Alain, Higuchi, Takeo, Himmi, Abdelkader, Hironori, Kazurayama, Hlucha, Hana, Hommels, Bart, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horvath, Dezso, Hostachy, Jean-Yves, Hou, Wei-Shu, Hu-Guo, Christine, Huang, Xingtao, Huppert, Jean Francois, Ide, Yasuhiro, Idzik, Marek, Iglesias Escudero, Carmen, Ignatenko, Alexandr, Igonkina, Olga, Ikeda, Hirokazu, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Ikemoto, Yukiko, Ikuno, Toshinori, Imbault, Didier, Imhof, Andreas, Imhoff, Marc, Ingbir, Ronen, Inoue, Eiji, Ioannis, Giomataris, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Itagaki, Kennosuke, Ito, Kazutoshi, Itoh, Hideo, Iwabuchi, Masaya, Iwai, Go, Iwamoto, Toshiyuki, Jacosalem, Editha P., Jaramillo Echeverria, Richard, Jeans, Daniel T D., Jing, Fanfan, Jing, Ge, Jokic, Stevan, Jonsson, Leif, Jore, Matthieu, Jovin, Tatjana, Kafer, Daniela, Kajino, Fumiyoshi, Kamai, Yusuke, Kaminski, Jochen, Kamiya, Yoshio, Kaplan, Alexander, Kapusta, Frederic, Kar, Deepak, Karlen, Dean, Katayama, Nobu, Kato, Eriko, Kato, Yukihiro, Kaukher, Alexander, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Kawahara, Hiroki, Kawai, Masanori, Kawasaki, Takeo, Khan, Sameen Ahmed, Kieffer, Robert, Kielar, Eryk, Kiesenhofer, Wolfgang, Kiesling, Christian M., Killenberg, Martin, Kim, Donghee, Kim, Choong Sun, Kim, Guinyun, Kim, Hong Joo, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Hyunok, Kim, Shinhong, Kircher, Francois, Kisielewska, Danuta, Kleinwort, Claus, Klimkovich, Tatsiana, Kluge, Hanna, Kluit, Peter Martin, Kobayashi, Makoto, Kobel, Michael, Kodama, Hideyo, Kodys, Peter, Koetz, U., Koffeman, Els, Kohriki, Takashi, Komamiya, Sachio, Kondou, Yoshinari, Korbel, Volker, Kotera, Katsushige, Krucker, Dirk, Kraml, Sabine, Krammer, Manfred, Krastev, Kaloyan, Krause, Bernward, Krautscheid, Thorsten, Kschioneck, Kirsten, Kuang, Yu-Ping, Kuhlmann, Jan, Kuroiwa, Hirotoshi, Kusano, Tomonori, Kvasnicka, Peter, Lacasta Llacer, Carlos, Lagorio, Eric, Laktineh, Imad, Lange, Wolfgang, Lebrun, Patrice, Lee, Jik, Lehner, Frank, Lesiak, Tadeusz, Levy, Aharon, Li, Bo, Li, Ting, Li, Yulan, Li, Hengne, Liang, Zuotang, Lima, Guilherme, Linde, Frank, Linssen, Lucie, Linzmaier, Diana, List, Benno, List, Jenny, Liu, Bo, Llopart Cudie, Xavier, Lohmann, Wolfgang, Lopez Virto, Amparo, Lozano, Manuel, Lu, Shaojun, Lucaci-Timoce, Angela Isabela, Lumb, Nick, Lundberg, Bjorn, Lutz, Pierre, Lutz, Benjamin, Lux, Thorsten, Luzniak, Pawel, Lyapin, Alexey, Ma, Wengan, Maczewski, Lukasz, Mader, Wolfgang F., Maity, Manas, Majumdar, Nayana, Majumder, Gobinda, Maki, Akihiro, Makida, Yasuhiro, Mamuzic, Judita, Marc, Dhellot, Marchesini, Ivan, Marcisovsky, Michal, Marias, Carlos, Marshall, John, Martens, Cornelius, Martin, Victoria J., Martin, Jean-Pierre, Martin-Chassard, Gisele, Martinez Rivero, Celso, Martyn, Hans-Ulrich, Mathez, Herve, Mathieu, Antoine, Matsuda, Takeshi, Matsunaga, Hiroyuki, Matsushita, Takashi, Mavromanolakis, Georgios, Mcdonald, Kirk T., Mereu, Paolo, Merk, Marcel, Merkin, Mikhail M., Meyer, Niels, Meyners, Norbert, Mihara, Satoshi, Miller, David J., Miller, Owen, Mitaroff, Winfried A., Miyamoto, Akiya, Miyata, Hitoshi, Mjornmark, Ulf, Mnich, Joachim, Monig, Klaus, Moll, Andreas, Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid A., Mora De Freitas, Paulo, Morel, Frederic, Moretti, Stefano, Morgunov, Vasily, Mori, Toshinori, Mori, Takashi, Morin, Laurent, Morozov, Sergey, Moser, Hans-Gunther, Moser, Fabian, Moya, David, Mudrinic, Mihajlo, Mukhopadhyay, Supratik, Murakami, Takeshi, Musa, Luciano, Musat, Gabriel, Nagamine, Tadashi, Nakamura, Isamu, Nakano, Eiichi, Nakashima, Kenichi, Nakayoshi, Kazuo, Nakazawa, Hideyuki, Nam, Shinwoo, Nam, Jiwoo, Nemecek, Stanislav, Niebuhr, Carsten, Niechciol, Marcus, Niezurawski, Piotr, Nishida, Shohei, Nishiyama, Miho, Nitoh, Osamu, Norbeck, Ed, Nozaki, Mitsuaki, O'Shea, Val, Ohlerich, Martin, Okada, Nobuchika, Olchevski, Alexander, Olivier, Bob, Oliwa, Krzysztof, Omori, Tsunehiko, Onel, Yasar, Ono, Hiroaki, Ono, Yoshimasa, Onuki, Yoshiyuki, Ootani, Wataru, Orava, Risto, Orlandea, Marius Ciprian, Oskarsson, Anders, Osland, Per, Ossetski, Dmitri, Osterman, Lennart, Padilla, Cristobal, Pandurovic, Mila, Park, Il Hung, Park, Hwanbae, Parkes, Chris, Patrick, Ghislain, Patterson, J.Ritchie, Pawlik, Bogdan, Pellegrini, Giulio, Pellegrino, Antonio, Peterson, Daniel, Petrov, Alexander, Pham, Thanh Hung, Piccolo, Marcello, Poeschl, Roman, Polak, Ivo, Popova, Elena, Postranecky, Martin, Prahl, Volker, Prudent, Xavier, Przysiezniak, Helenka, Puerta-Pelayo, Jesus, Qian, Wenbin, Quadt, Arnulf, Rarbi, Fatah-Ellah, Raspereza, Alexei, Ratti, Lodovico, Raux, Ludovic, Raven, Gerhard, Re, Valerio, Regler, Meinhard, Reinhard, Marcel, Renz, Uwe, Repain, Philippe, Repond, Jose, Richard, Francois, Riemann, Sabine, Riemann, Tord, Riera-Babures, Jordi, Riu, Imma, Robert, Kieffer, Robson, Aidan, Roloff, Philipp, Rosca, Aura, Rosemann, Christoph, Rosiek, Janusz, Rossmanith, Robert, Roth, Stefan, Royon, Christophe, Ruan, Manqi, Ruiz-Jimeno, Alberto, Rusinov, Vladimir, Ruzicka, Pavel, Ryzhikov, Dmitri, Saborido, Juan J., Sadeh, Iftach, Sailer, Andre, Saito, Masatoshi, Sakuma, Takayuki, Sanami, Toshiya, Sanuki, Tomoyuki, Sarkar, Sandip, Sasaki, Rei, Sato, Yutaro, Saveliev, Valeri, Savoy-Navarro, Aurore, Sawyer, Lee, Schafer, Oliver, Schalicke, Andreas, Schuler, K.Peter, Schade, Peter, Schaffran, Joern, Scheirich, Jan, Schlatter, Dieter, Schmidt, Ringo Sebastian, Schmitt, Sebastian, Schneekloth, Uwe, Schreiber, Heinz Juergen, Schultz-Coulon, Hans-Christian, Schumacher, Markus, Schumm, Bruce A., Schuwalow, Sergej, Schwierz, Rainer, Sefkow, Felix, Sefri, Rachid, Seguin-Moreau, Nathalie, Seidel, Katja, Sekaric, Jadranka, Sendai, Hiroshi, Settles, Ronald Dean, Shao, Ming, Shechtman, L.I., Shimazaki, Shoichi, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Sicho, Petr, Simon, Frank, Sinram, Klaus, Smiljanic, Ivan, Smiljkovic, Nebojsa, Smolik, Jan, Sobloher, Blanka, Soldner, Christian, Song, Kezhu, Sopczak, Andre, Speckmayer, Peter, Stenlund, Evert, Stockinger, Dominik, Stoeck, Holger, Strohmer, Raimund, Straessner, Arno, Stromhagen, Richard, Sudo, Yuji, Suehara, Taikan, Suekane, Fumihiko, Suetsugu, Yusuke, Sugimoto, Yasuhiro, Sugiyama, Akira, Sumisawa, Kazutaka, Suzuki, Shiro, Swientek, Krzysztof, Tabassam, Hajrah, Takahashi, Tohru, Takeda, Hiroshi, Takeshita, Tohru, Takubo, Yosuke, Tanabe, Tomohiko, Tanaka, Shuji, Tanaka, Ken-Ichi, Tanaka, Manobu, Tapprogge, Stefan, Tarkovsky, Evgueny I., Tauchi, Toshiaki, Tauchi, Kazuya, Telnov, Valery I., Teodorescu, Eliza, Thomson, Mark, Tian, Junping, Timmermans, Jan, Titov, Maxim P., Tokushuku, Katsuo, Tozuka, Shunsuke, Tsuboyama, Toru, Ueno, Koji, Ullan, Miguel, Uozumi, Satoru, Urakawa, Junji, Ushakov, Andriy, Ushiroda, Yutaka, Valentan, Manfred, Valin, Isabelle, Van Der Graaf, Harry, Van Doren, Brian, Van Kooten, Rick J., Vander Donckt, Muriel, Vanel, Jean-Charles, Vazquez Regueiro, Pablo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vescovi, Christophe, Videau, Henri L., Vila, Ivan, Vilasis-Cardona, Xavier, Vogel, Adrian, Volkenborn, Robert, Vos, Marcel, Voutsinas, Yorgos, Vrba, Vaclav, Vreeswijk, Marcel, Walsh, Roberval, Waltenberger, Wolfgang, Wang, Min-Zu, Wang, Yi, Wang, Xiaoliang, Wang, Qun, Wang, Meng, Ward, David R., Warren, Matthew, Watanabe, Minori, Watanabe, Takashi, Watson, Nigel K., Wattimena, Nanda, Wendt, Oliver, Wermes, Norbert, Weuste, Lars, Wichmann, Katarzyna, Wienemann, Peter, Wierba, Wojciech, Wilson, Graham W., Wilson, John A., Wing, Matthew, Winter, Marc, Wobisch, Markus, Worek, Malgorzata, Xella, Stefania, Xu, Zizong, Yamaguchi, Akira, Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Hitoshi, Yamaoka, Hiroshi, Yamashita, Satoru, Yamauchi, M., Yamazaki, Yuji, Yamouni, Mahfoud, Yan, Wenbiao, Yanagida, Koji, Yang, Haijun, Yang, Jongmann, Yang, Jin Min, Yang, Zhenwei, Yasu, Yoshiji, Yonamine, Ryo, Yoshida, Kohei, Yoshida, Takuo, Yoshioka, Tamaki, Yu, Chunxu, Yu, Intae, Yue, Qian, Zacek, Josef, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip, Zawiejski, Leszek, Zeitnitz, Christian, Zerwas, Dirk, Zeuner, Wolfram, Zhang, Yanxi, Zhang, Ziping, Zhang, Renyou, Zhang, Xueyao, Zhang, Zhiqing, Zhao, Jiawei, Zhao, Zhengguo, Zheng, Baojun, Zhong, Liang, Zhou, Yongzhao, Zhu, Xianglei, Zhu, Chengguang, Zomer, Fabian, and Zutshi, Vishnu

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Large Hadron Collider, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Particle accelerator, Magnetic detector, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton, Event reconstruction
Abstract

The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational condition s into account. The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational conditions into account.

Published
2010
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