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Wine production is a dynamic process that must be adapted to changes such as global warming and new consumer interests. Obtaining new cultivars by hybridization of traditional varieties is a promising approach with great potential to produce wines that are able to preserve regional typicity, together with adaptability to both evolving market preferences and distinct environmental scenarios. In this research, wines from twelve Graciano × Tempranillo selections were analyzed in two consecutive years. Sensory properties and quality were evaluated by a trained panel and a group of wine experts, respectively. Quality was positively correlated with anthocyanin and phenolic content (r = 0.8, r = 0.7, p < 0.01, respectively). Wines presented high sensory variability differing in eight attributes in each vintage. Two high quality selections, TG8 and TG63 consistently improved Tempranillo and Graciano specimens, presenting high color intensity, acidity, and positive aroma related to red fruit. Furthermore, TG129 a late-ripening genotype with high polyphenol content and fruity aroma, and other selections with roasted or dried fruit aroma notes appear as potential cultivars suitable to satisfy distinct consumer demands in the context of global warming., Financial support from Viveros Provedo and ADER 2017_IDD_I_00041 is gratefully acknowledged. CM-M was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) grant BES-2015-073773.

The increase in vineyard cultivation for the production of grapes or wine is producing a considerable reduction in soil quality. This is a consequence of management practices principally based on frequent tillage and use of herbicides. This type of management disrupts fungal communities which can lead to a reduction in crop production along with an increase in diseases caused by microorganisms that habitually coexist harmlessly in the soil. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the effect of soil management practices and environmental conditions on the soil fungal communities throughout the year in vineyard. For this, the diversity of the fungal communities in soils with different agricultural practices were evaluated. The samplings were carried out in two vineyards, the first was subjected to manage based on tillage where tillage in the alleys and pesticide treatments in the rows were done. The second was managed without tillage allowing colonialization of spontaneous vegetation in the alleys; the rows, as in the other vineyard, which were treated with herbicides. The soil samples were taken every season coinciding with the key growth stages of the vineyard. The samples were processed using the traditional in vitro method. More than 193 different fungal taxa were found; of them 18% were presented in higher abundance than 1% of the total. The majority of these were generalists; however, there were differences in the relative abundance based on the soil treatment (Tr, Ta, NTr, NTa), season and weather. The fungal communities were formed by more than 60% of generalist taxa; the genus Aspergillus was the most frequent. Ten percent of the total taxa were specific to concrete environmental conditions (season and weather) and soil treatment; Penicillium and Trichoderma were the most frequent. The factor most predictive of the composition of communities was attributed to the season in which the soil samples were collected. In terms of soil management, 27% of taxa were specific of management. Significant differences in the fungal compositions of the communities were found. The fungal communities from soils treated with chemical pesticides (rows) contained a substantial number of specific taxa, being 23% of total. These results show that seasonal dynamics of fungal populations in productive vineyards are sensitive to changes caused by soil treatment., This research was supported bythe LIFE programme of the European Commission for the Environment. Project “Demonstration of biodiversity in vitivinicultural landscapes” (BioDiVine) (LIFE09 NAT / FR / 000584)