Author: "Jean-Pierre Lebreton" / Topic: 01 natural sciences - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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49 results on '"Jean-Pierre Lebreton"'

1. In Situ exploration of the giant planets

Author: Don Banfield, Olivier Mousis, Mark Hofstadter, Leigh N. Fletcher, Sushil K. Atreya, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Athena Coustenis, Francesca Ferri, Magali Deleuil, Peter Wurz, Kathleen Mandt, Thibault Cavalié, J. Hunter Waite, Thomas R. Spilker, Paul Hartogh, Heike Rauer, Kunio M. Sayanagi, Ethiraj Venkatapathy, Thierry Fouchet, Stas Barabash, Amy Simon, Tristan Guillot, R. Hueso, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Michel Blanc, Richard M. Ambrosi, David H. Atkinson, Pascal Rannou, Georges Durry, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASP 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrophysique de l'observatoire de Besançon (UMR 6091) (LAOB), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Radio and Space Plasma Physics Group [Leicester] (RSPP), University of Leicester, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Cornell University [New York], Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), PSA Peugeot - Citroën (PSA), PSA Peugeot Citroën (PSA), ASP 2019, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Groupe de Recherche sur les Institutions, le Droit de l'Aménagement, de l'Urbanisme et de l'Habitat (GRIDAUH), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: Exploration of Saturn, Atmospheres, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Galileo Probe, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Formation, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, Jupiter, Entry probes, Neptune, Planet, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Giant planets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Uranus, Entry probes · Giant planets · Formation · Composition · Atmospheres, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Composition, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Remote sensing observations suffer significant limitations when used to study the bulk atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. This impacts our knowledge of the formation of these planets and the physics of their atmospheres. A remarkable example of the superiority of in situ probe measurements was illustrated by the exploration of Jupiter, where key measurements such as the determination of the noble gases' abundances and the precise measurement of the helium mixing ratio were only made available through in situ measurements by the Galileo probe. Here we describe the main scientific goals to be addressed by the future in situ exploration of Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, placing the Galileo probe exploration of Jupiter in a broader context. An atmospheric entry probe targeting the 10-bar level would yield insight into two broad themes: i) the formation history of the giant planets and that of the Solar System, and ii) the processes at play in planetary atmospheres. The probe would descend under parachute to measure composition, structure, and dynamics, with data returned to Earth using a Carrier Relay Spacecraft as a relay station. An atmospheric probe could represent a significant ESA contribution to a future NASA New Frontiers or flagship mission to be launched toward Saturn, Uranus, and/or Neptune., 27 pages, 9 figures, White Paper submitted in response to ESA's Call for Voyage 2050 Science Themes. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1708.00235
Published: 2021

2. Science goals and new mission concepts for future exploration of Titan's atmosphere geology and habitability: Titan POlar Scout/orbitEr and In situ lake lander and DrONe explorer (POSEIDON)

Author: Sébastien Rodriguez, Sandrine Vinatier, Daniel Cordier, Gabriel Tobie, Richard K. Achterberg, Carrie M. Anderson, Sarah V. Badman, Jason W. Barnes, Erika L. Barth, Bruno Bézard, Nathalie Carrasco, Benjamin Charnay, Roger N. Clark, Patrice Coll, Thomas Cornet, Athena Coustenis, Isabelle Couturier-Tamburelli, Michel Dobrijevic, F. Michael Flasar, Remco de Kok, Caroline Freissinet, Marina Galand, Thomas Gautier, Wolf D. Geppert, Caitlin A. Griffith, Murthy S. Gudipati, Lina Z. Hadid, Alexander G. Hayes, Amanda R. Hendrix, Ralf Jaumann, Donald E. Jennings, Antoine Jolly, Klara Kalousova, Tommi T. Koskinen, Panayotis Lavvas, Sébastien Lebonnois, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Alice Le Gall, Emmanuel Lellouch, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Juan M. Lora, Ralph D. Lorenz, Antoine Lucas, Shannon MacKenzie, Michael J. Malaska, Kathleen Mandt, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Claire E. Newman, Conor A. Nixon, Jani Radebaugh, Scot C. Rafkin, Pascal Rannou, Ella M. Sciamma-O’Brien, Jason M. Soderblom, Anezina Solomonidou, Christophe Sotin, Katrin Stephan, Darrell Strobel, Cyril Szopa, Nicholas A. Teanby, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Véronique Vuitton, Robert A. West, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Geography [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], Institute of Geological Sciences [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Berlin], Free University of Berlin (FU)-Free University of Berlin (FU), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Charles University of Praha], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Aeolis Research, Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Space Science and Astrobiology Division at Ames, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Space Agency (ESA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Lancaster University, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: geology, space mission concept, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Habitability, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, orbiter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, drones, Orbiter, Poseidon, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drones, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Atmosphere, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geology, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, habitability, lake lander, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Titan, Lake lander, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: In response to ESA Voyage 2050 announcement of opportunity, we propose an ambitious L-class mission to explore one of the most exciting bodies in the Solar System, Saturn largest moon Titan. Titan, a "world with two oceans", is an organic-rich body with interior-surface-atmosphere interactions that are comparable in complexity to the Earth. Titan is also one of the few places in the Solar System with habitability potential. Titan remarkable nature was only partly revealed by the Cassini-Huygens mission and still holds mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. The proposed mission concept POSEIDON (Titan POlar Scout/orbitEr and In situ lake lander DrONe explorer) would perform joint orbital and in situ investigations of Titan. It is designed to build on and exceed the scope and scientific/technological accomplishments of Cassini-Huygens, exploring Titan in ways that were not previously possible, in particular through full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time. In the proposed mission architecture, POSEIDON consists of two major elements: a spacecraft with a large set of instruments that would orbit Titan, preferably in a low-eccentricity polar orbit, and a suite of in situ investigation components, i.e. a lake lander, a "heavy" drone (possibly amphibious) and/or a fleet of mini-drones, dedicated to the exploration of the polar regions. The ideal arrival time at Titan would be slightly before the next northern Spring equinox (2039), as equinoxes are the most active periods to monitor still largely unknown atmospheric and surface seasonal changes. The exploration of Titan northern latitudes with an orbiter and in situ element(s) would be highly complementary with the upcoming NASA New Frontiers Dragonfly mission that will provide in situ exploration of Titan equatorial regions in the mid-2030s., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01374
Published: 2021
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3. Joint Europa Mission (JEM) a multi-scale study of Europa to characterize its habitability and search for extant life

Author: David Gaudin, Federico Tosi, David Mimoun, Luisa Lara, Joachim Saur, Ralph D. Lorenz, Krishan K. Khurana, Veerle Sterken, Hauke Hussmann, Norbert Krupp, Sascha Kempf, William Desprats, Philippe Garnier, Ralf Srama, Geoffrey Colins, Jérémie Lasue, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Aljona Blöcker, Katrin Stephan, Antonio Genova, Marcello Coradini, Dominique Fontaine, Andrea Longobardo, Luciano Iess, Peter Wurz, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Dominic Dirkx, Frances Westall, Steve Vance, Michel Blanc, Leonid I. Gurvits, Cyril Cavel, Adam Masters, Gaël Choblet, Roland Wagner, Adrian Jäggi, Károly Szegő, O. Prieto-Ballesteros, Zita Martins, Jean-Charles Marty, Victor Parro, Pascal Regnier, Edward C. Sittler, Tilman Spohn, Renaud Broquet, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Georges Balmino, François Leblanc, Nicolas André, Martin Volwerk, Paul Hartogh, Philippe Martins, Adriaan Schutte, Geraint H. Jones, John F. Cooper, Ernesto Palumba, Tim Van Hoolst, Emma J. Bunce, Valery Lainey, The Royal Society, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Tosi, F. [0000-0003-4002-2434], Prieto Ballesteros, O. [0000-0002-2278-1210], Longobardo, A. [0000-0002-1797-2741], Van Hoolst, T. [0000-0002-9820-8584], Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Astronomical Institute [Bern], University of Bern, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE ERIC), Technische Universiteit Delft (TU Delft), CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Airbus Defence and Space, Airbus Group, University of Leicester, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wheaton College [Norton], Cyprus Space Exploration Organisation (CSEO), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Télécom ParisTech, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Imperial College London, Universität zu Köln, Square Kilometre Array Organisation (SKA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Unidad de Excelencia Científica María de Maeztu Centro de Astrobiología del Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial y CSIC, MDM-2017-0737, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Airbus Defence and Space [Les Mureaux], ASTRIUM, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Cardon, Catherine, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outer planets exploration, Habitability, HUYGENS PROBE, Europa mission, Mission, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, law.invention, Extant taxon, SULFURIC-ACID, law, Galileo (satellite navigation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Europa Orbiter, INSTRUMENT, SECONDARY, PLUME, HYDRATED SALT MINERALS, Physical Sciences, symbols, Europa, Jupiter system, SURFACE, Astronomy & Astrophysics, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], symbols.namesake, Orbiter, Search for life, 0103 physical sciences, Ocean moon, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, Astrophysique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Galilean Satellites, Scale (chemistry), Astronomy and Astrophysics, ATMOSPHERE, EVOLUTION, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Joint (building), habitability, jupiter system, ocean moon, outer planets exploration, search for life, SATELLITES
Abstract: Full list of authors: Blanc, Michel; Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga; André, Nicolas; Gomez-Elvira, Javier; Jones, Geraint; Sterken, Veerle; Desprats, William; Gurvits, Leonid I.; Khurana, Krishan; Balmino, Georges; Blöcker, Aljona; Broquet, Renaud; Bunce, Emma; Cavel, Cyril; Choblet, Gaël; Colins, Geoffrey; Coradini, Marcello; Cooper, John; Dirkx, Dominic; Fontaine, Dominique; Garnier, Philippe; Gaudin, David; Hartogh, Paul; Hussmann, Hauke; Genova, Antonio; Iess, Luciano; Jäggi, Adrian; Kempf, Sascha; Krupp, Norbert; Lara, Luisa; Lasue, Jérémie; Lainey, Valéry; Leblanc, François; Lebreton, Jean-Pierre; Longobardo, Andrea; Lorenz, Ralph; Martins, Philippe; Martins, Zita; Marty, Jean-Charles; Masters, Adam; Mimoun, David; Palumba, Ernesto; Parro, Victor; Regnier, Pascal; Saur, Joachim; Schutte, Adriaan; Sittler, Edward C.; Spohn, Tilman; Srama, Ralf; Stephan, Katrin; Szegő, Károly; Tosi, Federico; Vance, Steve; Wagner, Roland; Van Hoolst, Tim; Volwerk, Martin; Wahlund, Jan-Erik; Westall, Frances; Wurz, Peter, Europa is the closest and probably the most promising target to search for extant life in the Solar System, based on complementary evidence that it may fulfil the key criteria for habitability: the Galileo discovery of a sub-surface ocean; the many indications that the ice shell is active and may be partly permeable to transfer of chemical species, biomolecules and elementary forms of life; the identification of candidate thermal and chemical energy sources necessary to drive a metabolic activity near the ocean floor. In this article we are proposing that ESA collaborates with NASA to design and fly jointly an ambitious and exciting planetary mission, which we call the Joint Europa Mission (JEM), to reach two objectives: perform a full characterization of Europa's habitability with the capabilities of a Europa orbiter, and search for bio-signatures in the environment of Europa (surface, subsurface and exosphere) by the combination of an orbiter and a lander. JEM can build on the advanced understanding of this system which the missions preceding JEM will provide: Juno, JUICE and Europa Clipper, and on the Europa lander concept currently designed by NASA (Maize, report to OPAG, 2019). We propose the following overarching goals for our Joint Europa Mission (JEM): Understand Europa as a complex system responding to Jupiter system forcing, characterize the habitability of its potential biosphere, and search for life at its surface and in its sub-surface and exosphere. We address these goals by a combination of five Priority Scientific Objectives, each with focused measurement objectives providing detailed constraints on the science payloads and on the platforms used by the mission. The JEM observation strategy will combine three types of scientific measurement sequences: measurements on a high-latitude, low-altitude Europan orbit; in-situ measurements to be performed at the surface, using a soft lander; and measurements during the final descent to Europa's surface. The implementation of these three observation sequences will rest on the combination of two science platforms: a soft lander to perform all scientific measurements at the surface and sub-surface at a selected landing site, and an orbiter to perform the orbital survey and descent sequences. We describe a science payload for the lander and orbiter that will meet our science objectives. We propose an innovative distribution of roles for NASA and ESA; while NASA would provide an SLS launcher, the lander stack and most of the mission operations, ESA would provide the carrier-orbiter-relay platform and a stand-alone astrobiology module for the characterization of life at Europa's surface: the Astrobiology Wet Laboratory (AWL). Following this approach, JEM will be a major exciting joint venture to the outer Solar System of NASA and ESA, working together toward one of the most exciting scientific endeavours of the 21st century: to search for life beyond our own planet. © 2020, The authors received support from the sponsors of their home institutions during the development of their projects, particularly at the two institutes leading this effort: at IRAP, Toulouse, MB and NA acknowledge the support of CNRS, University Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier and CNES. At CAB, Madrid, OPB and JGE acknowledge the support of INTA and Spanish MINECO project ESP2014-55811-C2-1-P and ESP2017-89053-C2-1-P and the AEI project MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia "Maria de Maeztu". We would also like to extend special thanks to the PASO of CNES for its precious assistance and expertise in the design of the mission scenario.
Published: 2020

4. Use of a Langmuir Probe Instrument on Board a Pico-Satellite

Author: Pepijn Cardoen, M. Anciaux, Ir Sabrina Bonnewijn, Sylvain Ranvier, Johan De Keyser, Didier Pieroux, E. Gamby, and Jean-Pierre Lebreton
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Plasma parameters, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Satellite, CubeSat, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Electric potential, business
Abstract: The sweeping Langmuir probe instrument is a part of the payload of PICo-satellite for atmospheric and space science observations (PICASSO), an ESA in-orbit demonstrator. It includes four thin cylindrical probes whose electrical potential is swept to measure both plasma density and electron temperature together with the spacecraft (S/C) potential. PICASSO is a triple unit CubeSat of dimensions $340.5~\text {mm} \times 100~\text {mm} \times 100$ mm. The orbit is expected to be a high inclination low-earth orbit. The main issue implied by the use of a pico-satellite platform for a Langmuir probe instrument is the limited conducting area of the S/C, which leads to S/C charging and drift of the instrument’s electrical ground during the measurement. A specific measurement technique that includes the simultaneous measurement of the potential and current of different probes has been developed to retrieve consistent current–voltage characteristics that can be used to estimate the plasma parameters mentioned above.
Published: 2017

5. Interplanetary coronal mass ejection observed at STEREO-A, Mars, comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, Saturn, and New Horizons en route to Pluto: Comparison of its Forbush decreases at 1.4, 3.1, and 9.9 AU

Author: I. Zouganelis, Lucile Turc, James L. Burch, J. Zender, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, H. Evans, Dusan Odstrcil, Donald M. Hassler, Stas Barabash, G. Provan, M. Holmstrom, Holger Nilsson, Mark Lester, P. Niemenen, Stan W. H. Cowley, Jared Espley, Charlotte Goetz, Matthew K. James, Ingo Richter, Hermann Opgenoorth, B. E. S. Hall, Elias Roussos, John D. Richardson, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Christoph Koenders, Olivier Witasse, Vincent Génot, Ian G. Richardson, David Andrews, Norbert Krupp, Kathleen Mandt, Arik Posner, H. A. Elliott, E. Kuulkers, Jingnan Guo, Raymond Goldstein, Nicolas Altobelli, Robin Ramstad, Henning Lohf, J. J. Plaut, Stephen E. Milan, Beatriz Sánchez-Cano, Alexis P. Rouillard, Matthew Taylor, Primoz Kajdic, Michele K. Dougherty, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Niklas J. T. Edberg, D. Intzekara, M. L. Mays, and Etienne Behar
Subjects: Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, Astronomy, Mars Exploration Program, Space weather, 01 natural sciences, Pluto, Solar wind, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Forbush decrease, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We discuss observations of the journey throughout the Solar System of a large interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) that was ejected at the Sun on 14 October 2014. The ICME hit Mars on 17 October, as observed by the Mars Express, MAVEN, Mars Odyssey and MSL missions, 44 hours before the encounter of the planet with the Siding-Spring comet, for which the space weather context is provided. It reached comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, which was perfectly aligned with the Sun and Mars at 3.1 AU, as observed by Rosetta on 22 October. The ICME was also detected by STEREO-A on 16 October at 1 AU, and by Cassini in the solar wind around Saturn on the 12 November at 9.9 AU. Fortuitously, the New Horizons spacecraft was also aligned with the direction of the ICME at 31.6 AU. We investigate whether this ICME has a non-ambiguous signature at New Horizons. A potential detection of this ICME by Voyager-2 at 110-111 AU is also discussed. The multi-spacecraft observations allow the derivation of certain properties of the ICME, such as its large angular extension of at least 116°, its speed as a function of distance, and its magnetic field structure at four locations from 1 to 10 AU. Observations of the speed data allow two different solar wind propagation models to be validated. Finally, we compare the Forbush decreases (transient decreases followed by gradual recoveries in the galactic cosmic ray intensity) due to the passage of this ICME at Mars, comet 67P and Saturn.
Published: 2017

6. Ionospheric plasma of comet 67P probed byRosettaat 3 au from the Sun

Author: Martin Rubin, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Peter Wurz, A. J. Allen, Elias Odelstad, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, T. W. Broiles, Anders Eriksson, Luc Sagnières, Erik Vigren, Kathleen Mandt, James L. Burch, Xavier Vallières, Chia-Yu Tzou, Chris Carr, K. L. Heritier, Steven J. Schwartz, F. L. Johansson, Arnaud Beth, Thierry Sémon, Emanuele Cupido, Hans Nilsson, Pierre Henri, Marina Galand, Kathrin Altwegg, Ingo Richter, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Imperial College Trust, Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), and Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, Comet, Coma (optics), Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, ROSINA, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, comets: individual: 67P, individual: 67P [comets], Ionization, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], WATER, NUMBER DENSITIES, ION, DIAMAGNETIC CAVITY, NUCLEUS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, UV radiation [Sun], ENVIRONMENT, Science & Technology, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Comets: individual: 67P Plasmas Sun: UV radiation Methods: data analysis, 620 Engineering, plasmas, Sun: UV radiation, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, methods: data analysis, ELECTRON SENSOR, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Physical Sciences, RPC, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Ionosphere
Abstract: We propose to identify the main sources of ionization of the plasma in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko at different locations in the coma and to quantify their relative importance, for the first time, for close cometocentric distances (< 20 km) and large heliocentric distances (> 3 au). The ionospheric model proposed is used as an organizing element of a multi-instrument data set from the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) plasma and particle sensors, from the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis and from the Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter, all on board the ESA/Rosetta spacecraft. The calculated ionospheric density driven by Rosetta observations is compared to the RPC-Langmuir Probe and RPC-Mutual Impedance Probe electron density. The main cometary plasma sources identified are photoionization of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation and energetic electron-impact ionization. Over the northern, summer hemisphere, the solar EUV radiation is found to drive the electron density - with occasional periods when energetic electrons are also significant. Over the southern, winter hemisphere, photoionization alone cannot explain the observed electron density, which reaches sometimes higher values than over the summer hemisphere; electron-impact ionization has to be taken into account. The bulk of the electron population is warm with temperature of the order of 7-10 eV. For increased neutral densities, we show evidence of partial energy degradation of the hot electron energy tail and cooling of the full electron population. QC 20200602
Published: 2016

7. Identification of organic molecules with a laboratory prototype based on the Laser Ablation-CosmOrbitrap

Author: P. Zapf, Gilles Chalumeau, Motoo Ito, Alexander Makarov, F. Colin, Laura Selliez, Nicolas Fray, S. Ruocco, B. Gaubicher, R. Thissen, François-Régis Orthous-Daunay, Laurent Thirkell, Noël Grand, Hervé Cottin, Cécile Engrand, Laurène Flandinet, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Cyril Szopa, Véronique Vuitton, Nathalie Carrasco, C. Briois, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique D'Orsay (LCPO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kochi Institute for Core Sample Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales) and the Région Centre-Val de Loire for the funding of her PhD., European Project: 636829,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,PRIMCHEM(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analyser, FOS: Physical sciences, High mass resolution, Mass spectrometry, Orbitrap, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Space mass spectrometry, Space exploration, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, Aerospace, Enceladus, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Chemical identification, Laser ablation, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Astrobiology, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], CosmOrbitrap, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: International audience; In the Solar System, extra-terrestrial organic molecules have been found on cometary primitive objects, on Titan and Enceladus icy moons and on Mars. Identification could be achieved for simple organic species by remote sensing based on spectroscopic methods. However in situ mass spectrometry is a key technology to determine the nature of more complex organic matter. A large panel of mass spectrometers has already been developed for space exploration combining different types of analysers and ion sources. Up to now the highest mass resolution reached with a space instrument is 9,000 at m/z 28 and corresponds to the DFMS-ROSINA instrument (Balsiger et al., 2007) dedicated to the study of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's atmosphere and ionosphere, in a low pressure environment. A new concept of mass analyser offering ultra-high mass resolving power of more than 50,000 at m/z 56 (under high vacuum condition about 10−9 mbar) is currently being developed for space applications: the CosmOrbitrap (Briois et al., 2016), based on the Orbitrap™ technology.This work challenges the use of LAb-CosmOrbitrap, a space instrument prototype combining Laser Ablation ionisation and the CosmOrbitrap mass analyser, to identify solid organic molecules of relevance to the future space exploration. For this purpose a blind test was jointly organised by the JAXA-HRMS team (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry) and the CosmOrbitrap consortium. The JAXA team provided two organic samples, whereas the CosmOrbitrap consortium analysed them without prior information. Thanks to the high analytical performances of the prototype and our HRMS data post-processing, we successfully identified the two molecules as HOBt, hydroxybenzotriazole (C6H5N3O) and BBOT, 2,5-Bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene (C26H26N2O2S), with a mass resolving power of, respectively, 123 540 and 69 219. The success of this blind test on complex organic molecules shows the strong potential of LAb-CosmOrbitrap for future space applications.
Published: 2019

8. Solar wind interaction with comet 67P: impacts of corotating interaction regions

Author: Jean-Pierre Lebreton, David Andrews, James L. Burch, Jasper Halekas, Anders Eriksson, F. L. Johansson, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Ingo Richter, Kathleen Mandt, Zoltán Németh, Erik Vigren, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Hans Nilsson, Chris Carr, Emanuele Cupido, Elias Odelstad, Prachet Mokashi, P. Henri, Raymond Goldstein, Robin Ramstad, G. Stenberg Wieser, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Aalto University, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), UTSA Department of Physics and Astronomy [San Antonio], The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Comet, FOS: Physical sciences, Mars Exploration Program, Plasma, Astrophysics, Electron, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Solar wind, Geophysics, Rosetta Mission, Physics - Space Physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Interplanetary magnetic field, Ionosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We present observations from the Rosetta Plasma Consortium of the effects of stormy solar wind on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Four corotating interaction regions (CIRs), where the first event has possibly merged with a CME, are traced from Earth via Mars (using Mars Express and MAVEN) and to comet 67P from October to December 2014. When the comet is 3.1-2.7 AU from the Sun and the neutral outgassing rate $\sim10^{25}-10^{26}$ s$^{-1}$ the CIRs significantly influence the cometary plasma environment at altitudes down to 10-30 km. The ionospheric low-energy \textcolor{black}{($\sim$5 eV) plasma density increases significantly in all events, by a factor $>2$ in events 1-2 but less in events 3-4. The spacecraft potential drops below -20V upon impact when the flux of electrons increases}. The increased density is \textcolor{black}{likely} caused by compression of the plasma environment, increased particle impact ionisation, and possibly charge exchange processes and acceleration of mass loaded plasma back to the comet ionosphere. During all events, the fluxes of suprathermal ($\sim$10-100 eV) electrons increase significantly, suggesting that the heating mechanism of these electrons is coupled to the solar wind energy input. At impact the magnetic field strength in the coma increases by a factor of ~2-5 as more interplanetary magnetic field piles up around of the comet. During two CIR impact events, we observe possible plasma boundaries forming, or moving past Rosetta, as the strong solar wind compresses the cometary plasma environment. \textcolor{black}{We also discuss the possibility of seeing some signatures of the ionospheric response to tail disconnection events, 17 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2018

9. Cold and warm electrons at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: Niklas J. T. Edberg, Rolf Boström, C. Norberg, Pierre Henri, Hans Nilsson, Erik Vigren, Lei Yang, Fredrik Johansson, Marina Galand, Jan-Erik Wahlund, Elias Odelstad, Riku Jarvinen, Kathleen Mandt, Tomas Karlsson, Mats André, Wojciech Jacek Miloch, C. Simon Wedlund, Anders Eriksson, Joakim John Paul Paulsson, Chris Carr, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, T. W. Broiles, Ilka. A. D. Engelhardt, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), School of Electrical Engineering [Aalto Univ], Aalto University, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: inner coma, Comet, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Electron, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, REGION, PLASMA ENVIRONMENT, SPACECRAFT, law, 0103 physical sciences, space vehicles: instruments, 010306 general physics, PROBE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, Science & Technology, Spacecraft, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, comets: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, plasmas, EVOLUTION, Solar wind, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, physics.space-ph, plasma measurements, SOLAR-WIND, DENSITY, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.EP, Electron temperature, comet plasma, POTENTIAL MEASUREMENTS, ROSETTA, business, Electron cooling
Abstract: Context. Strong electron cooling on the neutral gas in cometary comae has been predicted for a long time, but actual measurements of low electron temperature are scarce. Aims. Our aim is to demonstrate the existence of cold electrons in the inner coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and show filamentation of this plasma. Methods. In situ measurements of plasma density, electron temperature and spacecraft potential were carried out by the Rosetta Langmuir probe instrument, LAP. We also performed analytical modelling of the expanding two-temperature electron gas. Results. LAP data acquired within a few hundred km from the nucleus are dominated by a warm component with electron temperature typically 5–10 eV at all heliocentric distances covered (1.25 to 3.83 AU). A cold component, with temperature no higher than about 0.1 eV, appears in the data as short (few to few tens of seconds) pulses of high probe current, indicating local enhancement of plasma density as well as a decrease in electron temperature. These pulses first appeared around 3 AU and were seen for longer periods close to perihelion. The general pattern of pulse appearance follows that of neutral gas and plasma density. We have not identified any periods with only cold electrons present. The electron flux to Rosetta was always dominated by higher energies, driving the spacecraft potential to order − 10 V. Conclusions. The warm (5–10 eV) electron population observed throughout the mission is interpreted as electrons retaining the energy they obtained when released in the ionisation process. The sometimes observed cold populations with electron temperatures below 0.1 eV verify collisional cooling in the coma. The cold electrons were only observed together with the warm population. The general appearance of the cold population appears to be consistent with a Haser-like model, implicitly supporting also the coupling of ions to the neutral gas. The expanding cold plasma is unstable, forming filaments that we observe as pulses.
Published: 2017

10. Explorer of Enceladus and Titan (E2T): Investigating ocean worlds' evolution and habitability in the solar system

Author: Jason W. Barnes, Nathalie Carrasco, Roberto Orosei, Athena Coustenis, Andre Wong, Jean Pierre Paul de Vera, Paolo Tortora, Francesca Ferri, Andrea Martelli, Giuseppe Mitri, Andrea D'Ottavio, Marco Zannoni, Anastassios E. Petropoulos, Frank Postberg, Ralph D. Lorenz, Audrey Vorburger, Jason M. Soderblom, Kim Reh, J. Schmidt, Véronique Vuitton, Ralf Srama, Alexander Hayes, Marco Berga, Bernd Abel, Gabriel Tobie, Paul O. Hayne, Christophe Sotin, Peter Wurz, Sascha Kempf, Jon K. Hillier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Mitri, Giuseppe, Postberg, Frank, Soderblom, Jason M., Wurz, Peter, Tortora, Paolo, Abel, Bernd, Barnes, Jason W., Berga, Marco, Carrasco, Nathalie, Coustenis, Athena, Paul de Vera, Jean Pierre, D'Ottavio, Andrea, Ferri, Francesca, Hayes, Alexander G., Hayne, Paul O., Hillier, Jon K., Kempf, Sascha, Lebreton, Jean-Pierre, Lorenz, Ralph D., Martelli, Andrea, Orosei, Roberto, Petropoulos, Anastassios E., Reh, Kim, Schmidt, Juergen, Sotin, Christophe, Srama, Ralf, Tobie, Gabriel, Vorburger, Audrey, Vuitton, Véronique, Wong, Andre, Zannoni, Marco, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Klaus-Tachira-Laboratory for Cosmochemistry, Heidelberg University, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Thales Alenia Space Italia, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Center for Radiophysics and Space Research [Ithaca] (CRSR), Cornell University [New York], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), University of Kent [Canterbury], Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), University of Oulu, Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], University of Bern, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ITA, USA, GBR, FRA, DEU, FIN, CHE, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solar System, Cosmic Vision, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Habitability, Terrain, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Atmosphere, Origin of volatiles, symbols.namesake, Enceladus, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Origin of volatile, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, symbols, Enceladu, Titan (rocket family), Titan, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Titan, with its organically rich and dynamic atmosphere and geology, and Enceladus, with its active plume, both harbouring global subsurface oceans, are prime environments in which to investigate the habitability of ocean worlds and the conditions for the emergence of life. We present a space mission concept, the Explorer of Enceladus and Titan (E2T), which is dedicated to investigating the evolution and habitability of these Saturnian satellites. E2T is proposed as a medium-class mission led by ESA in collaboration with NASA in response to ESA's M5 Cosmic Vision Call. E2T proposes a focused payload that would provide in-situ composition investigations and high-resolution imaging during multiple flybys of Enceladus and Titan using a solar-electric powered spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. The E2T mission would provide high-resolution mass spectrometry of the plume currently emanating from Enceladus' south polar terrain and of Titan's changing upper atmosphere. In addition, high-resolution infrared (IR) imaging would detail Titan's geomorphology at 50–100 m resolution and the temperature of the fractures on Enceladus' south polar terrain at meter resolution. These combined measurements of both Titan and Enceladus would enable the E2T mission scenario to achieve two major scientific goals: 1) Study the origin and evolution of volatile-rich ocean worlds; and 2) Explore the habitability and potential for life in ocean worlds. E2T's two high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometers would enable resolution of the ambiguities in chemical analysis left by the NASA/ESA/ASI Cassini-Huygens mission regarding the identification of low-mass organic species, detect high-mass organic species for the first time, further constrain trace species such as the noble gases, and clarify the evolution of solid and volatile species. The high-resolution IR camera would reveal the geology of Titan's surface and the energy dissipated by Enceladus' fractured south polar terrain and plume in detail unattainable by the Cassini mission.
Published: 2017

11. Electron temperature anisotropy associated to field-aligned currents in the Earth's magnetosphere inferred from Rosetta MIP-RPC observations during 2009 flyby

Author: C. Béghin, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, J. Moré, Xavier Vallières, Pierre Henri, M. Hamelin, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Hiss, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Magnetosphere, ionosphere, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Magnetic pressure, Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, FACs, Geophysics, Radius, Computational physics, Magnetic field, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, magnetosphere, Electron temperature, Ionosphere, electron temperature anisotropy
Abstract: International audience; A new approach is proposed for data interpretation of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) instrument from the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) during the 2009 Earth's fly-by gravity assist through the magnetosphere, from dusk to dawn regions. The spacecraft trajectory of +/-8 Re (Earth's radius) was crossing several structures of field aligned currents (FACs) and radiations belts on both legs of the closest approach (CA, 2.450 km altitude). As routinely revealed by several pioneering space missions, natural and forced electrostatic wave emissions called Fq's were observed over +/- 3 Re at around CA using a dedicated mode of the MIP instrument. These emissions are lying between consecutive harmonics of the electron-cyclotron frequency, and their wavelength is perpendicular to the magnetic field-lines. Provided that the Fq's wavelengths projected along the MIP antenna might be estimated, it is shown that the local value of the Larmor radius can be deduced, hence the electron temperature component perpendicular to the magnetic field is subsequently derived. On the other hand, during the time of Fq's observations, the presence of VLF hiss emissions usually observed in these regions, gives us the possibility to determine the electron temperature anisotropy associated to the electrostatic electron anisotropy instability according to the theoretical model proposed by Gary and Cairns (JGR, vol.104,1999). Significant dynamic constraints revealed by crossing successive series of FACs tubes are shown being controlled by this anisotropy, and the fact that the magnetic pressure is significantly larger than the thermal pressure suggests that the FACs lobes are non-force free.
Published: 2017

12. Scientific rationale for Saturn's in situ exploration

Author: J. Poncy, C. Briois, D. Gautier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Andrew Morse, T. R. Spilker, Alexis Bouquet, K. Reh, T. Kostiuk, W. D Geppertt, Pgj Irwin, Ricardo Hueso, J. M. Petit, Carl D. Murray, David H. Atkinson, Matthew S. Tiscareno, Scott Bolton, Ravit Helled, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, Matthew M. Hedman, S. Guerlet, A. Coustenis, Peter Wurz, James O'Donoghue, Kathrin Altwegg, D Lebleu, François-Xavier Schmider, Mohamad Ali-Dib, Georg Fischer, Nadine Nettelmann, Thibault Cavalié, Amy Simon, Aymeric Spiga, Michel Blanc, Olivia Venot, G. S. Orton, Tristan Guillot, Sushil K. Atreya, Miriam Rengel, O. Mousis, N. André, R. Moreno, J. H. Waite, Philippe Rousselot, Emmanuel Lellouch, Leigh N. Fletcher, Ioannis A. Daglis, Bernard Marty, Jonathan I. Lunine, Régis Courtin, Thierry Fouchet, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), University of Leicester, Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], ASP 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques ( CRPG ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Le Collège d'études mondiales/FMSH, Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme, K.U.Leuven, Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] ( SwRI ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon, Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géomatériaux et Modèles Géotechniques ( IFSTTAR/GERS/GMG ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux ( IFSTTAR ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), National Observatory of Athens ( NOA ), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Stockholm University Astrobiology Centre, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea ( UPV/EHU ), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung ( MPS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales ( UMR AGAP ), Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut für Physik [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Center for Radiophysics and Space Research [Ithaca] (CRSR), Thales Alenia Space [Cannes], Thales Alenia Space, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Oxford, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Fondation Maison des sciences de l'homme (FMSH), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géomatériaux et Modèles Géotechniques (IFSTTAR/GERS/GMG), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Exploration of Saturn, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Galileo Probe, Entry probe, FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Solar system formation, Jupiter, Giant planet formation, Planet, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Elemental and isotopic composition, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Giant planet, In situ measurements, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Saturn atmosphere, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ice giant, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Remote sensing observations meet some limitations when used to study the bulk atmospheric composition of the giant planets of our solar system. A remarkable example of the superiority of in situ probe measurements is illustrated by the exploration of Jupiter, where key measurements such as the determination of the noble gases abundances and the precise measurement of the helium mixing ratio have only been made available through in situ measurements by the Galileo probe. This paper describes the main scientific goals to be addressed by the future in situ exploration of Saturn placing the Galileo probe exploration of Jupiter in a broader context and before the future probe exploration of the more remote ice giants. In situ exploration of Saturn's atmosphere addresses two broad themes that are discussed throughout this paper: first, the formation history of our solar system and second, the processes at play in planetary atmospheres. In this context, we detail the reasons why measurements of Saturn's bulk elemental and isotopic composition would place important constraints on the volatile reservoirs in the protosolar nebula. We also show that the in situ measurement of CO (or any other disequilibrium species that is depleted by reaction with water) in Saturn's upper troposphere would constrain its bulk O/H ratio. We highlight the key measurements required to distinguish competing theories to shed light on giant planet formation as a common process in planetary systems with potential applications to most extrasolar systems. In situ measurements of Saturn's stratospheric and tropospheric dynamics, chemistry and cloud-forming processes will provide access to phenomena unreachable to remote sensing studies. Different mission architectures are envisaged, which would benefit from strong international collaborations., Comment: Submitted to Planetary and Space Science
Published: 2016

13. Planetary atmospheric electricity

Author: Yoav Yair, Karen Aplin, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, F. LeBlanc, R. G. Harrison, Michel Blanc, Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Life and Natural Sciences [Israël], and Open University of Israël
Subjects: Solar System, Meteorology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Charge, Lightning, Electromagnetic radiation, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Comparative planetology, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Field (geography), Planetary science, Electrostatic discharge, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Thunderstorm, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atmospheric electricity, Space Science, business, Primordial atmosphere
Abstract: This volume presents our contemporary understanding of atmospheric electricity at Earth and in other solar system atmospheres. It is written by experts in terrestrial atmospheric electricity and planetary scientists. Many of the key issues related to planetary atmospheric electricity are discussed. The physics presented in this book includes ionisation processes in planetary atmospheres, charge generation and separation, and a discussion of electromagnetic signatures of atmospheric discharges. The measurement of thunderstorms and lightning, including its effects and hazards, is highlighted by articles on ground and space based instrumentation, and new missions.Theory and modelling of planetary atmospheric electricity complete this review of the research that is undertaken in this exciting field of space science. This book is an essential research tool for space scientists and geoscientists interested in electrical effects in atmospheres and planetary systems. Graduate students and researchers who are new to the field will benefit from the introductory overviews and can quickly expand their knowledge by studying the subsequent sections.
Published: 2016

14. Orbitrap mass analyser for in situ characterisation of planetary environments: Performance evaluation of a laboratory prototype

Author: A. Boukrara, Fabrice Colin, Nathalie Carrasco, Cécile Engrand, Kenzi Aradj, Noël Grand, Olivier Chapelon, Laurent Thirkell, Patrice Coll, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Hervé Cottin, Alexander Makarov, François-Régis Orthous-Daunay, P. Zapf, Roland Thissen, Cyril Szopa, Abdel Bouabdellah, Véronique Vuitton, Christelle Briois, Cyril Pennanech, Gilles Chalumeau, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), PLANETO - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM AS), Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Thermo Fisher Scientific (Bremen) GmbH, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Region Centre/Val de Loire, Labex ESEP (N° 2011-LABX-030), Agence National de la Recherche (ANR), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Univ. Paris-Sud, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02/10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: In situ, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Instrumentation, Analyser, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Orbitrap, Mass spectrometry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space exploration, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Space science instrumentation, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ranging, 0104 chemical sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Orbitrap mass analyser, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, business
Abstract: International audience; For decades of space exploration, mass spectrometry has proven to be a reliable instrumentation for the characterisation of the nature and energy of ionic and neutral, atomic and molecular species in the interplanetary medium and upper planetary atmospheres. It has been used as well to analyse the chemical composition of planetary and small bodies environments. The chemical complexity of these environments calls for the need to develop a new generation of mass spectrometers with significantly increased mass resolving power The recently developed Orbitrap™ mass analyser at ultra-high resolution shows promising adaptability to space instrumentation, offering improved performances for in situ measurements. In this article, we report on our project named “Cosmorbitrap” aiming at demonstrating the adaptability of the Orbitrap technology for in situ space exploration. We present the prototype that was developed in the laboratory for demonstration of both technical feasibility and analytical capabilities. A set of samples containing elements with masses ranging from 9 to 208 u has been used to evaluate the performance of the analyser, in terms of mass resolving power (reaching 474 000 at m/z 9) and ability to discriminate between isobaric interferences, accuracy of mass measurement (below 15 ppm) and determination of relative isotopic abundances (below 5%) of various samples. We observe a good agreement between the results obtained with the prototype and those of a commercial instrument. As the background pressure is a key parameter for in situ exploration of atmosphere planetary bodies, we study the effect of background gas on the performances of the Cosmorbitrap prototype, showing an upper limit for N2 in our set-up at 10−8 mbar. The results demonstrate the strong potential to adapt this technology to space exploration.
Published: 2016

15. RPC observation of the development and evolution of plasma interaction boundaries at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: T. W. Broiles, Andrew J. Coates, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Chris Carr, Arnaud Beth, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Martin Volwerk, Pierre Henri, Christoph Koenders, Charlotte Goetz, Adrienn Luspay-Kuti, Prachet Mokashi, Esa Kallio, Kirk C. Hansen, Hans Nilsson, Markku Alho, N. Biver, Kathleen Mandt, S. A. Fuselier, James L. Burch, J. D. Haiducek, Zoltán Németh, Karoly Szego, Marina Galand, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, K. Chae, G. Stenberg Wieser, Andrea Opitz, Anders Eriksson, Marilia Samara, C. Simon Wedlund, Ingo Richter, Raymond Goldstein, Chia-Yu Tzou, Emanuele Cupido, UTSA Department of Physics and Astronomy [San Antonio], The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), School of Electrical Engineering [Aalto Univ], Aalto University, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre for Planetary Sciences [UCL/Birkbeck] (CPS), Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering (CLaSP), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, University of Michigan, Department of Atmospheric, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research and Planetary Sciences [Bern) (WP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Physics [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Southwest Research Institute, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Technical University of Braunschweig, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Department of Radio Science and Engineering, Observatoire de Paris, University College London, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, University of Bern, Austrian Academy of Sciences, University of Oslo, Aalto-yliopisto, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, Comet, Electron, Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ion, general [comets], Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, ta115, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, comets: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, 620 Engineering, plasmas, Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Magnetic field, Solar wind, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Diamagnetism, Dynamic pressure, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Atomic physics
Abstract: International audience; One of the primary objectives of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium, a suite of five plasma instruments on-board the Rosetta spacecraft, is to observe the formation and evolution of plasma interaction regions at the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG). Observations made between 2015 April and 2016 February show that solar wind–cometary plasma interaction boundaries and regions formed around 2015 mid-April and lasted through early 2016 January. At least two regions were observed, separated by an ion-neutral collisionopause boundary. The inner region was located on the nucleus side of the boundary and was characterized by low-energy water-group ions, reduced magnetic field pileup and enhanced electron densities. The outer region was located outside of the boundary and was characterized by reduced electron densities, water-group ions that are accelerated to energies above 100 eV and enhanced magnetic field pileup compared to the inner region. The boundary discussed here is outside of the diamagnetic cavity and shows characteristics similar to observations made on-board the Giotto spacecraft in the ion pileup region at 1P/Halley. We find that the boundary is likely to be related to ion-neutral collisions and that its location is influenced by variability in the neutral density and the solar wind dynamic pressure.
Published: 2016

16. Mass-loading, pile-up, and mirror-mode waves at comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Author: T. W. Broiles, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, P. Henri, Magda Delva, X. Vallières, Charlotte Götz, James L. Burch, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, M. Dósa, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Christoph Koenders, Konrad Schwingenschuh, Kathrin Altwegg, Ingo Richter, Hans Nilsson, Kathleen Mandt, Anders Eriksson, Claire Vallat, Bruce T. Tsurutani, G. Stenberg Wieser, Emanuele Cupido, Martin Volwerk, Andrea Opitz, Chris Carr, Martin Rubin, Karoly Szego, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Weltraumforschung = Space Research institute [Graz] (IWF), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire (Octogone), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Universität Bern [Bern], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut für Weltraumforschung [Graz] (IWF)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, charged particle motion and acceleration, Comet, 0404 Geophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, nonlinear phenomena, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Coronal mass ejection, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Interplanetary magnetic field, lcsh:Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, waves and instabilities, 520 Astronomy, lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, 620 Engineering, lcsh:QC1-999, Computational physics, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Solar wind, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Polar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Magnetopause, Space plasma physics, waves and instabili-ties), lcsh:Q, 0401 Atmospheric Sciences, Space plasma physics (charged particle motion and acceleration), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The data from all Rosetta plasma consortium instruments and from the ROSINA COPS instrument are used to study the interaction of the solar wind with the outgassing cometary nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During 6 and 7 June 2015, the interaction was first dominated by an increase in the solar wind dynamic pressure, caused by a higher solar wind ion density. This pressure compressed the draped magnetic field around the comet, and the increase in solar wind electrons enhanced the ionization of the outflow gas through collisional ionization. The new ions are picked up by the solar wind magnetic field, and create a ring/ring-beam distribution, which, in a high-β plasma, is unstable for mirror mode wave generation. Two different kinds of mirror modes are observed: one of small size generated by locally ionized water and one of large size generated by ionization and pick-up farther away from the comet.
Published: 2016

17. Debris disks as seen by Herschel/DUNES

Author: A. Mora, Benjamin Montesinos, Carlos Eiroa, Göran Pilbratt, Pierre Magain, P. Thébault, Jesus Maldonado, Torsten Löhne, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Glenn J. White, C. del Burgo, Sebastian Wolf, Amelia Bayo, Alexander V. Krivov, Géraldine Letawe, Jean-Charles Augereau, Jonathan P. Marshall, K. R. Stapelfeldt, Olivier Absil, William C. Danchi, and Steve Ertel
Subjects: Physics, Planetesimal, Debris disk, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Interplanetary medium, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Planetary system, 01 natural sciences, Debris, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Halo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The far-infrared excesses produced by debris disks are common features of stellar systems. These disks are thought to contain solids ranging from micron-sized dust to planetesimals. Naturally, their formation and evolution are linked to those of potential planets. With this motivation, the Herschel open time key programme DUNES (DUst around NEarby Stars) aims at further characterising known debris disks and discovering new ones in the regime explored by the Herschel space observatory. On the one hand, in their survey of 133 nearby FGK stars, DUNES discovered a class of extremely cold and faint debris disks, different from well-known disks such as the one around Vega in that their inferred typical grain sizes are rather large, indicating low dynamical excitation and low collision rates. On the other hand, for the more massive disk around the sun-like star HD 207129, well-resolved PACS images confirmed the ring-liked structure seen in HST images and provided valuable information for an in-depth study and benchmark for models. Employing both models for power-law fitting and collisional evolution we found the disk around HD 207129 to feature low collision rates and large grains, as well. Transport by means of Poynting-Robertson drag likely plays a role in replenishing the dust seen closer to the star, inside of the ring. The inner edge is therefore rather smooth and the contribution from the extended halo of barely bound grains is small. Both slowly self-stirring and planetary perturbations could potentially have formed and shaped this disk (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Published: 2012

18. Birth of a comet magnetosphere: A spring of water ions

Author: Emanuele Cupido, Stas Barabash, Rickard Lundin, Martin Rubin, Etienne Behar, Pierre Henri, Masatoshi Yamauchi, Raymond Goldstein, Cyril Simon Wedlund, J. A. Sauvaud, Hannu Koskinen, Prachet Mokashi, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Chris Carr, Gabriella Stenberg Wieser, Hans Nilsson, Ingo Richter, Herbert Gunell, Esa Kallio, Andrei Fedorov, Karoly Szego, Christoph Koenders, Anders Eriksson, Martin Volwerk, James L. Burch, Claire Vallat, Martin Wieser, Zoltán Németh, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, Space Science Division [San Antonio], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), School of Electrical Engineering [Aalto Univ], Aalto University, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Rosetta Science Ground Segment (European Space Astronomy Centre), European Space Agency (ESA), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rosetta Science Ground Segment, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Science & Technology, ROSETTA PLASMA CONSORTIUM, ta221, Astronomical unit, Population, ta1171, Magnetosphere, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, SOLAR-WIND INTERACTION, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, ta216, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, HALLEY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, education.field_of_study, ENVIRONMENT, ta115, Multidisciplinary, Science & Technology, ta213, ta114, Energetic neutral atom, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Comet tail, Astronomy, 67P/CHURYUMOV-GERASIMENKO, Plasma, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, Science & Technology - Other Topics, RPC, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, PLANETS
Abstract: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/347/6220/aaa0571.full; International audience; The Rosetta mission shall accompany comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from a heliocentric distance of >3.6 astronomical units through perihelion passage at 1.25 astronomical units, spanning low and maximum activity levels. Initially, the solar wind permeates the thin comet atmosphere formed from sublimation, until the size and plasma pressure of the ionized atmosphere define its boundaries: A magnetosphere is born. Using the Rosetta Plasma Consortium ion composition analyzer, we trace the evolution from the first detection of water ions to when the atmosphere begins repelling the solar wind (similar to 3.3 astronomical units), and we report the spatial structure of this early interaction. The near-comet water population comprises accelerated ions (
Published: 2015

19. Spatial distribution of low-energy plasma around comet 67P/CG from Rosetta measurements

Author: Kathleen Mandt, Martin Volwerk, Hans Nilsson, E. P. G. Johansson, Reine Gill, Niklas J. T. Edberg, Pierre Henri, Sébastien Gasc, Mats André, Martin Rubin, Raymond Goldstein, Karl-Heinz Glassmeier, Zoltán Németh, Jan-Erik Wahlund, C. Koenders, Karoly Szego, Anders Eriksson, Fredrik Johansson, Emanuele Cupido, G. Stenberg Wieser, Chris Carr, Erik Vigren, Ingo Richter, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Elias Odelstad, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern], Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Wigner Research Centre for Physics [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), and Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW)
Subjects: Electron density, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, FOS: Physical sciences, Coma (optics), Rotation, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Physics - Space Physics, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Langmuir probe, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, Plasma, 620 Engineering, Space Physics (physics.space-ph), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Geophysics, symbols, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Atomic physics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We use measurements from the Rosetta plasma consortium (RPC) Langmuir probe (LAP) and mutual impedance probe (MIP) to study the spatial distribution of low-energy plasma in the near-nucleus coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spatial distribution is highly structured with the highest density in the summer hemisphere and above the region connecting the two main lobes of the comet, i.e. the neck region. There is a clear correlation with the neutral density and the plasma to neutral density ratio is found to be about 1-2x10^-6, at a cometocentric distance of 10 km and at 3.1 AU from the sun. A clear 6.2 h modulation of the plasma is seen as the neck is exposed twice per rotation. The electron density of the collisonless plasma within 260 km from the nucleus falls of with radial distance as about 1/r. The spatial structure indicates that local ionization of neutral gas is the dominant source of low-energy plasma around the comet., 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2015
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20. RPC-MIP: the Mutual Impedance Probe of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium

Author: Orélien Randriamboarison, P. Gille, U. Telljohann, D. Lagoutte, P. Zamora, J. L. Michau, Anders Eriksson, Harri Laakso, Fabrice Colin, Christian Mazelle, M. Chabassiere, Jean-Gabriel Trotignon, Walter Schmidt, Pierrette Décréau, G. Chalumeau, A. Smit, J. Geiswiller, T. Hachemi, Michel Hamelin, Réjean Grard, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
Subjects: Electron density, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bar (music), Instrumentation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, and drift velocity, rosetta orbiter, symbols.namesake, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Langmuir probe, mutual impedance probe, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Debye length, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, electron plasma density, high-frequency plasma wave measurements, business.industry, Rosetta Plasma Consortium, temperature, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Electrode, symbols, Electron temperature, thermal plasmas measurements, business, comet dust and gas activity monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The main objective of the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP), part of the Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC), is to measure the electron density and temperature of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko's coma, in particular inside the contact surface. Furthermore, MIP will determine the bulk velocity of the ionised outflowing atmosphere, define the spectral distribution of natural plasma waves, and monitor dust and gas activities around the nucleus. The MIP instrumentation consists of an electronics board for signal processing in the 7 kHz to 3.5 MHz range and a sensor unit of two receiving and two transmitting electrodes mounted on a 1-m long bar. In addition, the Langmuir probe of the RPC/LAP instrument that is at about 4 m from the MIP sensor can be used as a transmitter (in place of the MIP ones) and MIP as a receiver in order to have access to the density and temperature of plasmas at higher Debye lengths than those for which the MIP is originally designed.
Published: 2006

21. Venus Express: Scientific goals, instrumentation, and scenario of the mission

Author: A. Acomazzo, Pierre Drossart, A. Clochet, D. Neveance, J. Rodrigues-Cannabal, Oleg Korablev, T. Zhang, Stas Barabash, M. Warhaut, Håkan Svedhem, J. Fabrega, M. Coradini, Giuseppe Piccioni, D. McCoy, J. L. Bertaux, M. Petzold, Detlef Koschny, Vittorio Formisano, D. V. Titov, W. J. Markiewicz, Olivier Witasse, Bernd Haeusler, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, E. Lellouch, T. Schirmann, Fredric W. Taylor, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of Oxford [Oxford], European Space Operations Center (ESOC), EADS Astrium SAS, Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, and University of Oxford
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spacecraft, biology, business.industry, Payload, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Venus, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, Depth sounding, Broad spectrum, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Mars express, Instrumentation (computer programming), business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The first European mission to Venus (Venus Express) is described. It is based on a repeated use of the Mars Express design with minor modifications dictated in the main by more severe thermal environment at Venus. The main scientific task of the mission is global exploration of the Venusian atmosphere, circumplanetary plasma, and the planet surface from an orbiting spacecraft. The Venus Express payload includes seven instruments, five of which are inherited from the missions Mars Express and Rosetta. Two instruments were specially designed for Venus Express. The advantages of Venus Express in comparison with previous missions are in using advanced instrumentation and methods of remote sounding, as well as a spacecraft with a broad spectrum of capabilities of orbital observations. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006.
Published: 2006

22. The ISL Langmuir probe experiment processing onboard DEMETER: Scientific objectives, description and first results

Author: Z. Kozacek, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, D. Klinge, Milan Maksimovic, B. Poirier, Pavel M. Trávníček, Pierre-Louis Blelly, D. Lagoutte, S. Merikallio, Štěpán Štverák, M. Salaquarda, RSSD of ESA, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, ionospheric plasma, Ion flow, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Data products, Acoustics, temperature, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, perturbations, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Ion density, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, electron density, Ionosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; The DEMETER Langmuir probe experiment, called “Instrument Sonde de Langmuir” (ISL), has been designed for in situ measurements of the bulk parameters of the ionospheric thermal plasma. The ISL instrument is comprised of two sensors: (i) a classical cylindrical sensor and (ii) a spherical sensor with its surface divided in seven segments: six spherical caps electrically isolated and the rest of the sphere which is used as a guard electrode. The two main parameters measured by ISL are the electron density and temperature; they are obtained with a 1 s time-resolution. In addition, the ion density and its variation can be derived from the current-voltage characteristics of the probe, but it requires an a-priori knowledge of the ion composition and a more sophisticated processing than the one currently implemented. The novel design for the spherical sensor has been called the segmented Langmuir probe (SLP). The SLP current can be measured individually on each of the seven segments, thus providing angular sensitivity to the ram direction of the incoming ion flow. The SLP was flown for the first time onboard the DEMETER satellite for in-flight validation of this novel concept, but the main sensor used routinely during the mission is the cylindrical probe. The design of the instrument and the analysis technique for the cylindrical probe are described. A brief description of the SLP and of its capabilities is provided. An overview of the currently available ISL data products on the DEMETER Mission Science Data Centre is given. Selected examples of some “classical” ionospheric features as being observed by ISL are discussed.
Published: 2006

23. The DEMETER Science Mission Centre

Author: J. Grygorczuk, D. Peschard, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Jan Slominski, A. Gaboriaud, J.-Y. Brochot, D. de Carvalho, S. Barbier, M. Gangloff, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Štěpán Štverák, J.M. Wallut, L. Madrias, Yasuhide Hobara, Elena Seran, Pavel M. Trávníček, J. L. Pinçon, F. Elie, F. Harivelo, D. Lagoutte, Michel Parrot, J. A. Sauvaud, Pascal Bernard, Roman Wronowski, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Prague] (IAP), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: Database server, Data processing, Mission Centre, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Payload, Computer science, Astronomy and Astrophysics, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Data processing system, Software, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Operating system, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; The DEMETER Scientific Mission Centre (SMC) has been developed and is operated by the Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement (LPCE). The SMC commands the instruments of the scientific payload, collects and distributes DEMETER data and associated products to the DEMETER international community. The SMC has been designed to maximize scientific return and to reduce development and exploitation costs for the DEMETER project. This paper describes the SMC's data processing system, data server and methods of payload operation, and presents associated hardware and software architectures.
Published: 2006

24. Active measurement of the thermal electron density and temperature on the Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter of the BepiColombo mission

Author: Jean-Gabriel Trotignon, C. Beghin, J. L. Michau, Kozo Hashimoto, Lars Blomberg, Arnaud Masson, D. Lagoutte, Raymond Pottelette, Yasumasa Kasaba, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Hiroshi Matsumoto, Hirotsugu Kojima, Michel Hamelin, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Alfven Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: BepiColombo mission, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aerospace Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, plasma wave investigation consortium, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, law.invention, Therm, Thermal electron, Orbiter, law, mercury magnetospheric orbiter, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, mercury plasma environment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Waves in plasmas, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mercury (element), Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Active measurement, Physics::Space Physics, plasma density and electron temperature measurements, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, active experiment, Electron population
Abstract: 著者人数：13名, Accepted: 2006-03-30, 資料番号: SA1000609000
Published: 2006

25. The exploration of Titan with an orbiter and a lake probe

Author: Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Gilbert Fanchini, Roberto Orosei, Luciano Iess, Tetsuya Tokano, Gabriel Tobie, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Maria Luisa Moriconi, Ralph D. Lorenz, Ellen R. Stofan, R. Meriggiola, Giuseppe Mitri, Federico Tosi, Krishan K. Khurana, Christophe Sotin, Athena Coustenis, Alexander Hayes, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Smart Structures Solutions S.r.l., Rome, Italy, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale [Roma La Sapienza] (DIMA), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Freie Universität Berlin, Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Proxemy Research Inc, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität zu Köln
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Astrobiology, Physics::Geophysics, Orbiter, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Saturnian system, Habitability, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Titan, Space and Planetary Science, Prebiotic chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Environmental science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Titan (rocket family), Rotational dynamics
Abstract: International audience; Fundamental questions involving the origin, evolution, and history of both Titan and the broader Saturnian system can be answered by exploring this satellite from an orbiter and also in situ. We present the science case for an exploration of Titan and one of its lakes from a dedicated orbiter and a lake probe. Observations from an orbit-platform can improve our understanding of Titan׳s geological processes, surface composition and atmospheric properties. Further, combined measurements of the gravity field, rotational dynamics and electromagnetic field can expand our understanding of the interior and evolution of Titan. An in situ exploration of Titan׳s lakes provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the hydrocarbon cycle, investigate a natural laboratory for prebiotic chemistry and habitability potential, and study meteorological and marine processes in an exotic environment. We briefly discuss possible mission scenarios for a future exploration of Titan with an orbiter and a lake probe. •We present the science case for Titan׳s exploration.•We present mission scenarios for a future exploration of Titan.•This paper is based on a white paper presented for 2013 ESA׳s Call for Large missions.
Published: 2014

26. Instrumental Methods for Professional and Amateur Collaborations in Planetary Astronomy

Author: A. Leroy, Sylvain Bouley, John H. Rogers, Paolo Tanga, J. Guarro-Flo, Emmanuel Jehin, Gianluca Masi, C. Buil, Ricardo Hueso, H. B. Hammel, M. Vanhuysse, C. Pellier, A. S. Rajpurohit, P. Drossart, David Baratoux, G. S. Orton, Alice Decock, N. Esseiva, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, J. M. Gómez-Forrellad, C. Rinner, Georg Fischer, F. Meyer, A. Klotz, Jean Lecacheux, M. Ali Dib, T. Boehm, E. Frappa, F. Colas, Alain Maury, Françoise Roques, Philippe Rousselot, Vincent Boudon, J. P. Beaulieu, Alexandre Santerne, Santiago Pérez-Hoyos, Benoit Carry, R. W. Schmude, A. Wesley, B. Tregon, Thomas Widemann, Leigh N. Fletcher, Brigitte Zanda, Agustín Sánchez-Lavega, W. Beisker, M. Delcroix, Bruno Sicardy, F. Kugel, O. Mousis, D. Herald, S. Foglia, J. M. Petit, Jeremie Vaubaillon, L. Maquet, Mirel Birlan, A. Delsanti, L. Buzzi, Jean-Luc Dauvergne, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Alexis Bouquet, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules (UMR 6213) (UTINAM), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenieria Bilbao, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Occultation Timing Association European Section (IOTA ES), International Occultation Timing Association European Section, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Euraster, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes (LATT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Porc, Société Astronomique de France (SAF), Association AstroQueyras, Canberra Astronomical Society, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Observatoire Chante-Perdrix, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Departamento de Fı'sica Aplicada I, Association des Utilisateurs de Détecteurs Electroniques (AUDE), Association des Utilisateurs de Détecteurs Electroniques, Association T60, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Chercheur indépendant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut UTINAM (Univers, transport, interfaces, nanostructures, atmosphère et environnement, molécules) (Besançon), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Departamento de Fisica Aplicada [Bilbao], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Observatoire Castanet, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Osservatorio Astronomico Schiaparelli, Association Française d'Astronomie - Ciel et Espace (AFA), Association Française d'Astronomie, Département d'astrophysique, Géophysique et Océanographie (AGO), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford, Astronomical Research Institute [Ashmore], Fundació Privada Observatori Esteve Duran, Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy (ARAS), International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), L'Uranoscope de l'Ile de France, Observatoire de Gretz-Armainvilliers, Department of Physics [Roma Tor Vergata], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations (SPACE), San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations, Observatoire Oukaimeden, JUPOS - Database for Object Positions on Jupiter, British Astronomical Association (BAA), Gordon State College, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OverSky, Univers, Transport, Interfaces, Nanostructures, Atmosphère et environnement, Molécules ( UTINAM ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea ( UPV/EHU ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides ( IMCCE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Space Astronomy Center ( ESAC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Société Astronomique de France ( SAF ), International Occultation Timing Association European Section ( IOTA ES ), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy ( AURA ), IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ), NASA-California Institute of Technology ( CALTECH ), Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto ( CAUP ), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE ( LAGRANGE ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Museum (LMCM), UMR 7202 ( LMCM ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées and Association T60, Association Française d'Astronomie - Ciel et Espace ( AFA ), Département d'astrophysique, Géophysique et Océanographie ( AGO ), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences ( IWF ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Astronomical Research Institute {Ashmore], Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy ( ARAS ), Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy, International Occultation Timing Association ( IOTA ), International Occultation Timing Association, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Physics [Roma], San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Explorations ( SPACE ), British Astronomical Association ( BAA ), University System of Georgia ( USG ), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine ( LOMA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Universidade do Porto, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Engineering, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Planetary Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Imaging, Photometry, Physics::Popular Physics, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Professional-amateur collaborations, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.IM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomy and Astrophysics, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Data science, Exoplanet, Physics::History of Physics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Planetary science, [ PHYS.ASTR.EP ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [ PHYS.ASTR.IM ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Interplanetary spaceflight, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Amateur, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Amateur contributions to professional publications have increased exponentially over the last decades in the field of Planetary Astronomy. Here we review the different domains of the field in which collaborations between professional and amateur astronomers are effective and regularly lead to scientific publications. We discuss the instruments, detectors, softwares and methodologies typically used by amateur astronomers to collect the scientific data in the different domains of interest. Amateur contributions to the monitoring of planets and interplanetary matter, characterization of asteroids and comets, as well as the determination of the physical properties of Kuiper Belt Objects and exoplanets are discussed., 123 pages, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy
Published: 2013

27. JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE): An ESA mission to orbit Ganymede and to characterise the Jupiter system

Author: Leigh N. Fletcher, Norbert Krupp, Paolo Tortora, Olivier Grasset, Christian Erd, H. Hussmann, Michel Blanc, T. Van Hoolst, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Ralf Jaumann, M. K. Dougherty, Athena Coustenis, Federico Tosi, Andrew J. Coates, Olga Prieto-Ballesteros, Dmitrij V. Titov, Emma J. Bunce, Pierre Drossart, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes ( LPGN ), Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique ( LESIA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Space Research and Technology Centre ( ESTEC ), European Space Agency ( ESA ), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements ( CESR ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Mullard Space Science Laboratory ( MSSL ), University College of London [London] ( UCL ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], German Aerospace Center ( DLR ), DLR Institute of Planetary Research, Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research ( MPS ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace ( LPC2E ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC ( RSSD ), European Space Agency ( ESA ) -European Space Agency ( ESA ), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] ( CAB ), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial ( INTA ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali ( IAPS ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), O. Grasset, M.K. Dougherty, A. Cousteni, E.J. Bunce, C. Erd, D. Titov, M. Blanc, A. Coate, P. Drossart, L.N. Fletcher, H. Hussmann, R. Jaumann, N. Krupp, J.-P. Lebreton, O. Prieto-Ballestero, P. Tortora, F. Tosi, T. Van Hoolst, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Moons of Jupiter, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Jovian system, Gas giant, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Jupiter, symbols.namesake, Exploration of Jupiter, Planet, Ganymede, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Space exploration, Callisto, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Icy moon, Galilean moons, Galileian Satellite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Natural satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Jupiter exploration, Europa, Geology, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Past exploration of Jupiter's diverse satellite system has forever changed our understanding of the unique environments to be found around gas giants, both in our solar system and beyond. The detailed investigation of three of Jupiter's Galilean satellites (Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto), which are believed to harbour subsurface water oceans, is central to elucidating the conditions for habitability of icy worlds in planetary systems in general. The study of the Jupiter system and the possible existence of habitable environments offer the best opportunity for understanding the origins and formation of the gas giants and their satellite systems. The JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015-2025, will perform detailed investigations of Jupiter and its system in all their inter-relations and complexity with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. The investigations of the neighbouring moons, Europa and Callisto, will complete a comparative picture of the Galilean moons and their potential habitability. Here we describe the scientific motivation for this exciting new European-led exploration of the Jupiter system in the context of our current knowledge and future aspirations for exploration, and the paradigm it will bring in the study of giant (exo) planets in general. [All rights reserved Elsevier].
Published: 2013

28. Observation of 2nd Schumann eigenmode on Titan's surface

Author: Réjean Grard, Gaëtan Wattieaux, Michel Hamelin, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, C. Beghin, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Plasmas Réactifs Hors Equilibre (LAPLACE-PRHE), LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Oceanography, Electromagnetic radiation, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Optics, Normal mode, 0103 physical sciences, Waveform, Extremely low frequency, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Schumann resonances, business.industry, lcsh:QC801-809, Spectral density, Geology, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Amplitude, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], symbols, business, Titan (rocket family)
Abstract: This work presents the results obtained from an updated data analysis of the observations of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves performed with the HASI-PWA (Huygens Atmospheric Structure and Permittivity, Wave and Altimetry) instrumentation after Huygens Probe landing on Titan's surface in January 2005. The most significant signals observed at around 36 Hz throughout the descent in the atmosphere have been extensively analyzed for several years, and subsequently interpreted as the signature of a Schumann resonance, although the latter exhibits atypical peculiarities compared with those known on Earth. The usual depicting methods of space wave data used so far could not allow for retrieving the presence of weak signals when Huygens was at rest for 32 min on Titan's surface. Whereas the expected signal seems hidden within the instrumental noise, we show that a careful statistical analysis of the amplitude distribution of the 418 spectral density samples of the 36 Hz line reveals abnormal characteristics compared to other frequencies. This behavior is shown to occur under propitious circumstances due to the characteristics of the onboard data conversion processes into digital telemetry counts, namely 8-bit dynamic after logarithm compression of the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) of ELF waveforms. Since this phenomenon is observed only at the frequency bin around 36 Hz, we demonstrate that the Schumann resonance, seen in the atmosphere within the same band is still present on the surface, albeit with a much smaller amplitude compared to that measured before and a few seconds after the impact, because the electric dipole is thought to have been stabilized ten seconds later almost horizontally until the end of the measurements.
Published: 2013

29. Modeling of current characteristics of segmented Langmuir probe on DEMETER

Author: Nadia Imtiaz, Richard Marchand, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Department of Physics [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland
Subjects: Physics, Electron density, Ion current, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Magnetic field, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Langmuir probe, Electron temperature, Particle-in-cell, Atomic physics, Magnetohydrodynamics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: International audience; We model the current characteristics of the DEMETER Segmented Langmuir probe (SLP). The probe is used to measure electron density and temperature in the ionosphere at an altitude of approximately 700 km. It is also used to measure the plasma flow velocity in the satellite frame of reference. The probe is partitioned into seven collectors: six electrically insulated spherical segments and a guard electrode (the rest of the sphere and the small post). Comparisons are made between the predictions of the model and DEMETER measurements for actual ionospheric plasma conditions encountered along the satellite orbit. Segment characteristics are computed numerically with PTetra, a three-dimensional particle in cell simulation code. In PTetra, space is discretized with an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, thus, enabling a good representation of the probe geometry. The model also accounts for several physical effects of importance in the interaction of spacecraft with the space environment. These include satellite charging, photoelectron, and secondary electron emissions. The model is electrostatic, but it accounts for the presence of a uniform background magnetic field. PTetra simulation results show different characteristics for the different probe segments. The current collected by each segment depends on its orientation with respect to the ram direction, the plasma composition, the magnitude, and the orientation of the magnetic field. It is observed that the presence of light H þ ions leads to a significant increase in the ion current branch of the I-V curves of the negatively polarized SLP. The effect of the magnetic field is demonstrated by varying its magnitude and direction with respect to the reference magnetic field. It is found that the magnetic field appreciably affects the electron current branch of the I-V curves of certain segments on the SLP, whereas the ion current branch remains almost unaffected. PTetra simulations are validated by comparing the computed characteristics and their angular anisotropy with the DEMETER measurements, as simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the measurements. V C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4804336]
Published: 2013

30. Using Schumann resonance measurements for constraining the water abundance on the giant planets - Implications for the solar system's formation

Author: Michel Hamelin, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Robert F. Pfaff, Jeffrey Klenzing, Douglas E. Rowland, Fernando Simões, S. Martin, Yukihiro Takahashi, Kenneth R. Bromund, Davis D. Sentman, C. Béghin, Henry Freudenreich, Réjean Grard, Yoav Yair, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geophysical Institute [Fairbanks], University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Department of Geophysics [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Open University of Israël, and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Protoplanetary disks, Solar System, Outer planets, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Protoplanetary disk, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Planetary migration, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nice model, Nebular hypothesis, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space vehicles, Planets formation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Waves, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Protoplanet, Instruments, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The formation and evolution of the solar system is closely related to the abundance of volatiles, namely water, ammonia, and methane in the protoplanetary disk. Accurate measurement of volatiles in the solar system is therefore important for understanding not only the nebular hypothesis and origin of life but also planetary cosmogony as a whole. In this work, we propose a new remote sensing technique to infer the outer planets' water content by measuring Tremendously and Extremely Low Frequency (TLF–ELF) electromagnetic wave characteristics (Schumann resonances) excited by lightning in their gaseous envelopes. Schumann resonance detection can be potentially used for constraining the uncertainty of volatiles of the giant planets, mainly Uranus and Neptune, because such TLF–ELF wave signatures are closely related to the electric conductivity profile and water content. Key words: planets and satellites: composition – planets and satellites: formation – planets and satellites: physical evolution – protoplanetary disks – space vehicles: instruments – waves Online-only material: color figures
Published: 2012

31. Hot circumstellar material resolved around beta Pic with VLTI/PIONIER

Author: Jean-Philippe Berger, A-M. Lagrange, Gerard Zins, Steve Ertel, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, E. Di Folco, Guillaume Montagnier, Jacques Kluska, Denis Defrere, W. A. Traub, Jean-Charles Augereau, Rafael Millan-Gabet, J.-B. Le Bouquin, Olivier Absil, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Liège, European Southern Observatory (ESO), AMOR 2012, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Population, Continuum (design consultancy), [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Angular diameter, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Photosphere, education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Planetary system, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Circumstellar dust, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We aim at resolving the circumstellar environment around beta Pic in the near-infrared in order to study the inner planetary system (< 200 mas, i.e., ~4 AU). Precise interferometric fringe visibility measurements were obtained over seven spectral channels dispersed across the H band with the four-telescope VLTI/PIONIER interferometer. Thorough analysis of interferometric data was performed to measure the stellar angular diameter and to search for circumstellar material. We detected near-infrared circumstellar emission around beta Pic that accounts for 1.37% +/- 0.16% of the near-infrared stellar flux and that is located within the field-of-view of PIONIER (i.e., ~200 mas in radius). The flux ratio between this excess and the photosphere emission is shown to be stable over a period of 1 year and to vary only weakly across the H band, suggesting that the source is either very hot (> 1500 K) or dominated by the scattering of the stellar flux. In addition, we derived the limb-darkened angular diameter of beta Pic with an unprecedented accuracy (theta_LD= 0.736 +/- 0.019 mas). The presence of a small H-band excess originating in the vicinity of beta Pic is revealed for the first time thanks to the high-precision visibilities enabled by VLTI/PIONIER. This excess emission is likely due to the scattering of stellar light by circumstellar dust and/or the thermal emission from a yet unknown population of hot dust, although hot gas emitting in the continuum cannot be firmly excluded., 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2012
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32. Ionosphere variations at 700 km altitude observed by the DEMETER satellite during the 29 March 2006 solar eclipse

Author: Xiaoni Wang, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, and Jean-Jacques Berthelier
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Solar eclipse, Field line, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, F region, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Physics, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, Space physics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Electron temperature, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Ionosphere, Thermosphere
Abstract: We present an experimental and modeling study of the effects of the 29 March 2006 solar eclipse in the topside ionosphere. Measurements of the densities and temperatures of the thermal electrons and ions were provided by instruments aboard the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales microsatellite DEMETER, which flew over Europe and Africa near the time of maximum solar obscuration. Data from several orbits, either on the same day or on days encompassing the eclipse day, were available to determine a reference state of the ionosphere along the orbit in absence of eclipse. The comparison between this latter and the actual observations along the eclipse orbit reveal a clear thermal effect with a fast drop of about 200 K of the electron and ion temperatures that follows the variations of the solar UV flux in the F region of the ionosphere conjugate to the satellite position. The plasma density decreases by about 30% but with a significant delay and is better correlated with the solar UV flux averaged over the previous 1 to 2 h in the conjugate F region. This delayed and prolonged decrease of density induces an increase of the electron temperature to be higher than the reference ionosphere. We have also performed a modeling of the ionosphere using the SAMI2 code, after having introduced adequate modifications to reproduce fairly realistic eclipse conditions. Applied to the DEMETER conditions of observation, the model reproduces the observations very well. This work shows that the plasma temperature responds very quickly along the magnetic field lines to the variations of the energy available from the photoelectrons while the plasma density variations are controlled by more complex and slower transport processes.
Published: 2010

33. First simultaneous observations of daytime MSTIDs over North America using GPS-TEC and DEMETER satellite data

Author: Tatsuo Onishi, Takuya Tsugawa, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Yuichi Otsuka, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory [Nagoya] (STEL), Nagoya University, HELIOS - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), CNES (grant CNES-EU60015), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Daytime, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], TEC, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], DEMETER, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, GPS-TEC, Altitude, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Gravity wave, Ionosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total electron content, business.industry, Geodesy, Geophysics, MSTID, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, Global Positioning System, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite, business, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We present simultaneous observations of daytime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) over North America, using measurements of the Total Electron Content (TEC) by the US GPS network and ionospheric plasma data from the DEMETER micro-satellite. Several events show latitudinal variations of the plasma parameters at satellite altitude corresponding to the MSTID structures revealed on 2D TEC maps. In a case study with a very well defined MSTID, quasi periodic variations of the plasma density and of the ion velocity parallel to the Earth's magnetic field are observed along the satellite orbit that match the signature of the MSTID on the TEC maps. We believe it is the first simultaneous observation of parallel plasma motion in the topside ionosphere and propagating MSTID structures in the F-region. An initial analysis of this event is performed in the light of results from simple model of ionospheric disturbances associated with Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs).
Published: 2009

34. The Schumann Resonance: a Tool for Exploring the Atmospheric Environment and the Subsurface of the Planets and their Satellites

Author: Konrad Schwingenschuh, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Réjean Grard, Gregorio J. Molina-Cuberos, Michel Hamelin, C. Beghin, Fernando Simões, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Tetsuya Tokano, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Departamento de Física [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], and Universität zu Köln
Subjects: Atmospheres, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Electromagnetic environment, Planets, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Lightning, Physics::Geophysics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Extremely low frequency, structure, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Schumann resonances, business.industry, Interiors, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geophysics, Atmosphere of Earth, Ionospheres, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Reflection (physics), Ionosphere, business
Abstract: International audience; The propagation of extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves and resonance phenomena in the Earth atmosphere has been extensively studied, in relation with ionospheric dynamics, and thunderstorm and lightning activities. A similar investigation can be performed for any other planet and satellite environment, provided this body is wrapped into an ionosphere. There are, however, important differences between Earth and other bodies, regarding the surface conductivity, the atmospheric electron density, the ionospheric cavity geometry, and the sources of electromagnetic energy. In a first approximation, the size of the cavity defines the range of the resonance frequency; the electron density profile, up to the upper atmospheric boundary, controls the wave attenuation; the nature of the electromagnetic sources influences the field distribution in the cavity; and the body surface conductivity, which gives the reflection and transmission coefficients, indicates to what extent the subsurface can be explored. The knowledge of the frequencies and attenuation rates of the principal eigenmodes provides unique information about the electric properties of the cavity. Instruments capable of monitoring the electromagnetic environment in the ELF range are, therefore, valuable payload elements on balloons, descent probes and landers. We develop models for selected inner planets, gaseous giants and their satellites, and review the propagation process of ELF electromagnetic waves in their atmospheric cavities, with a particular emphasis on the application of the Schumann resonance observation to subsurface studies. The instrumentation suitable for monitoring the electromagnetic environment in geophysical cavities is briefly addressed.
Published: 2008

35. Electromagnetic wave propagation in the surface-ionosphere cavity of Venus

Author: Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Gregorio J. Molina-Cuberos, Réjean Grard, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Fernando Simões, Konrad Schwingenschuh, Tetsuya Tokano, Michel Hamelin, C. Beghin, Bruno P. Besser, Karen Aplin, J. J. Lopez-Moreno, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Departamento de Física [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie [Köln], and Universität zu Köln
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Wave propagation, Soil Science, Schumann resonance, Venus, wave propagation, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere of Venus, Optics, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Refraction (sound), Extremely low frequency, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, biology, Schumann resonances, business.industry, Paleontology, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, Lightning, Computational physics, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Ionosphere, business
Abstract: The propagation of extremely low frequency (ELF) waves in the Earth surface-ionosphere cavity and the properties of the related Schumann resonances have been extensively studied in order to explain their relation with atmospheric electric phenomena. A similar approach can be used to understand the electric environment of Venus and, more importantly, search for the evidence of possible atmospheric lightning activity, which remains a controversial issue. We revisit the available models for ELF propagation in the cavity of Venus, recapitulate the similarities and differences with other planets, and present a full wave propagation finite element model with improved parameterization. The new model introduces corrections for refraction phenomena in the atmosphere; it takes into account the day-night asymmetry of the cavity and calculates the resulting eigenfrequency line splitting. The analytical and numerical approaches are validated against the very low frequency electric field data collected by Venera 11 and 12 during their descents through the atmosphere of Venus. Instrumentation suitable for the measurement of ELF waves in planetary atmospheres is briefly addressed. Copyright 2008 by the American Geophysical Union.
Published: 2008

36. Wave and plasma measurements and GPS diagnostics of the main ionospheric trough as a hybrid method used for Space Weather purposes

Author: A. Krakowski, Jan Blecki, Hanna Rothkaehl, Michel Parrot, Iwona Stanislawska, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), University of Warmia and Mazury [Olsztyn], Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plasmasphere, Space weather, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ionospheric heater, Ionospheric absorption, lcsh:Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Geomagnetic storm, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], lcsh:QC801-809, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Acoustic wave, Geophysics, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Earth's magnetic field, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, lcsh:Q, Ionosphere, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: The region of the main ionospheric trough is a unique region of the ionosphere, where different types of waves and instabilities can be generated. This region of the ionosphere acts like a lens, focusing a variety of indicators from the equator of plasmapause and local ionospheric plasma. This paper reports the results of monitoring the mid-latitude trough structure, dynamics and wave activity. For these purposes, the data gathered by the currently-operating DEMETER satellite and past diagnostics located on IK-19, Apex, and MAGION-3 spacecraft, as well as TEC measurements were used. A global-time varying picture of the ionospheric trough was reconstructed using the sequence of wave spectra registered and plasma measurements in the top-side ionosphere. The authors present the wave activity from ULF frequency band to the HF frequency detected inside the trough region and discuss its properties during geomagnetic disturbances. It is thought that broadband emissions are correlated with low frequency radiation, which is excited by the wave-particle interaction in the equatorial plasmapause and moves to the ionosphere along the geomagnetic field line. In the ionosphere, the suprathermal electrons can interact with these electrostatic waves and excite electron acoustic waves or HF longitudinal plasma waves. Furthermore, the electron density trough can provide useful data on the magnetosphere ionosphere dynamics and morphology and, in consequence, can be used for Space Weather purposes.
Published: 2008

37. The Huygens scientific data archive: Technical overview

Author: Mark Leese, G. Israel, Lisa McFarlane, Bobby Kazeminejad, Michael K. Bird, Reta Beebe, Axel Hagermann, Roland Trautner, B. Hathi, R. Dutta-Roy, Joe Zender, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Cyril Pennanech, Lyn R. Doose, J. A. Haberman, Giacomo Colombatti, Piero Leon Stoppato, Joe Wheadon, Fernando Simões, Olivier Witasse, Marty Tomasko, David H. Atkinson, Jaime E. Demick-Montelara, Miguel Pérez-Ayúcar, David Heather, Francesca Ferri, C. See, Lyle Huber, Dennis L. Matson, Alessio Aboudan, Jean Francis Brun, John C. Zarnecki, Marcello Fulchignoni, Hasso B. Niemann, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Astronomy [Las Cruces], New Mexico State University, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), European Space Operations Center (ESOC), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Space Operations Center (GSOC), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Moscow, USA], University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)
Subjects: Scientific instrument, 0303 health sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cassini/Huygens mission, 01 natural sciences, Planetary Data System, Radio telescope, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Interferometry, Data acquisition, Planetary science, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Very-long-baseline interferometry, symbols, Data archiving, Titan (rocket family), Titan, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, 030304 developmental biology, Remote sensing
Abstract: The Cassini/Huygens mission was launched in October 1997, and during the third orbit around Saturn, the Huygens probe was released on course to enter Titan's atmosphere. During the descent, six science instruments provided in situ and remote sensing measurements of Titan's atmosphere and surface. Doppler tracking was performed with two Earth-based radio telescopes, and a Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) experiment was carried out. Data acquisition began around 1500 km altitude and continued throughout the 2 h and 30 min descent and for 1 h and 12 min after landing. This unique set of data is available in the ESA Planetary Science Archive (PSA) and mirror imaged in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). This paper presents an overview of the process the Huygens Data Archiving Working Group followed to develop and ingest the data set. A description of the data sets is also given.
Published: 2008

38. DEMETER satellite observations of plasma irregularities in the topside ionosphere at low, middle, and sub-auroral latitudes and their dependence on magnetic storms

Author: Robert F. Pfaff, M. Malingre, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, C. Liebrecht, Michel Parrot, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA (Eurpean Space Agency) -Noordwijk (ESA), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Geomagnetic storm, Sudden ionospheric disturbance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, Geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Latitude, Alfvén wave, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Electric field, Middle latitudes, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Ionosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Observations of plasma density structure and electric field irregularities gathered with probes on the Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions (DEMETER) satellite are presented to characterize the topside ionosphere at low, middle, and sub-auroral latitudes. Data from successive DEMETER orbits during magnetic storms illustrate how low, mid-, and subauroral latitude plasma density, plasma density structures, and electric field irregularities correlate and evolve with changes in Dst. The observations reveal: (1) electric field irregularities associated with density depletions at mid latitudes are similar to those that characterize equatorial spread F at low latitudes; (2) large, well-defined density depletions that extend to mid-latitude display zonal widths and interdepletion spacings that are similar to spread F density depletion widths and spacings observed at the equator; (3) in some cases, ULF/ELF magnetic field irregularities are observed in association with the electric field irregularities particularly on the walls of the plasma density structures and may be related to finely structured spatial currents and/or Alfven waves; (4) precisely during the main phase of severe geomagnetic storms, increased ambient plasma densities and broad regions of irregularities are observed near 710 km, initially at storm commencement near the magnetic equator and then extending to mid- and sub-auroral latitudes within the ∼8-h period corresponding to the negative Dst excursions; and (5) intense, broadband electric and magnetic field irregularities are often observed at sub-auroral latitudes and are typically associated with the trough region and its poleward plasma density gradient. The observations provide a general framework showing how low, mid-, and sub-auroral latitude plasma density structuring and associated electric field irregularities respond to geomagnetic storms.
Published: 2008

39. Venus Express—The first European mission to Venus

Author: Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Detlef Koschny, H. Eggel, M. Warhaut, D. McCoy, Martin Pätzold, T. L. Zhang, Fredric W. Taylor, Giuseppe Piccioni, Oleg Korablev, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Pierre Drossart, T. Schirmann, D. Nevejans, A. Clochet, J. Rodriguez-Canabal, Håkan Svedhem, Bernd Häusler, E. Lellouch, M. Coradini, Andrea Accomazzo, W. J. Markiewicz, Olivier Witasse, S. Barabash, Vittorio Formisano, D. V. Titov, J. Fabrega, Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), University of Oxford, European Space Operations Center (ESOC), ASTRIUM, and EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space
Subjects: Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Polar orbit, Venus, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Astrobiology, Atmosphere of Venus, Atmosphere, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], biology, Payload, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, biology.organism_classification, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Sidereal time, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], business
Abstract: Venus Express is the first European mission to planet Venus. The mission aims at a comprehensive investigation of Venus atmosphere and plasma environment and will address some important aspects of the surface physics from orbit. In particular, Venus Express will focus on the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Venus atmosphere, escape processes and interaction of the atmosphere with the solar wind and so to provide answers to the many questions that still remain unanswered in these fields. Venus Express will enable a breakthrough in Venus science after a long period of silence since the period of intense exploration in the 1970s and the 1980s. The payload consists of seven instruments. Five of them were inherited from the Mars Express and Rosetta projects while two instruments were designed and built specifically for Venus Express. The suite of spectrometers and imaging instruments, together with the radio-science experiment, and the plasma package make up an optimised payload well capable of addressing the mission goals to sufficient depth. Several of the instruments will make specific use of the spectral windows at infrared wavelengths in order to study the atmosphere in three dimensions. The spacecraft is based on the Mars Express design with minor modifications mainly needed to cope with the thermal environment around Venus, and so a very cost-effective mission has been realised in an exceptionally short time. The spacecraft was launched on 9 November 2005 from Baikonur, Kazakhstan, by a Russian Soyuz-Fregat launcher and arrived at Venus on 11 April 2006. Venus Express will carry out observations of the planet from a highly elliptic polar orbit with a 24-h period. In 3 Earth years (4 Venus sidereal days) of operations, it will return about 2 Tbit of scientific data. Telecommunications with the Earth is performed by the new ESA ground station in Cebreros, Spain, while a nearly identical ground station in New Norcia, Australia, supports the radio-science investigations. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2007

40. First in-situ observations of strong ionospheric perturbations generated by a powerful VLF ground-based transmitter

Author: Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, J. A. Sauvaud, Michel Parrot, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field line, Transmitter, Cyclotron resonance, Electron, Geophysics, 01 natural sciences, L-shell, Relativistic particle, Magnetic field, Physics::Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ionosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper is related to observations by the satellite DEMETER of strong ionospheric perturbations close to the VLF transmitter NWC in Australia (L = 1.41). Electrostatic waves from HF to ELF ranges are generated and strong turbulence appears. Fluctuations of electron and ion densities are observed as well as increase of temperature. The perturbations are located to the geographic North of the transmitter and cover an area of $500,000 km 2 which is centred at the altitude of the satellite (700 km) around the magnetic field line at L = 1.41. The phenomenon is due to the electron and ion heating induced by the powerful transmitter VLF wave. This perturbation is in addition to the already known precipitation of energetic particles which interact with the VLF wave through a cyclotron resonance mechanism. The particle precipitation zone is located south of the transmitter at a slightly larger L-shell value (1.9).
Published: 2007

41. Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions

Author: Michel Parrot, Ondrej Santolik, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Jan Blecki, Jean-André Sauvaud, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESA - ESTEC (Netherlands), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Charles University of Praha], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Space Research Centre of Polish Academy of Sciences (CBK), and Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Payload, Ionospheric perturbations, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Altitude, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Preliminary report, Physics::Space Physics, Range (statistics), Satellite, Circular orbit, Ionosphere, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The micro-satellite DEMETER was launched on June 29, 2004 in a polar and circular orbit with an altitude of � 710 km. It is a CNES mission controlled from Toulouse in France. The main objective of DEMETER is to search and characterize ionospheric perturbations that can be associated with the seismic activity in order to better understand the generation mechanism of such perturbations. Its scientific payload allows us to measure waves in a broad frequency range and also some important plasma parameters (ion composition, electron density and temperature, energetic particles). This paper is a preliminary report of unusual observations recorded by DEMETER over seismic regions prior to earthquakes. The main purpose of the project is to perform a statistical analysis with many events in order to determine the necessary conditions to observe such seismo-electromagnetic effects. It is too early to perform such statistics but data recorded during selected events and shown here are useful since they may point out sensitive parameters which must be particularly surveyed in the statistical analysis. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2006

42. New observations of electromagnetic harmonic ELF emissions in the ionosphere by the DEMETER satellite during large magnetic storms

Author: Ondrej Santolik, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, J. A. Sauvaud, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Michel Parrot, A. Buzzi, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, HE Space Operations BV for ESA/ESTEC, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Polar orbit, Soil Science, Magnetosphere, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic radiation, Radio spectrum, Physics::Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Geomagnetic storm, Physics, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Harmonic, Satellite, Ionosphere
Abstract: International audience; DEMETER (Detection of ElectroMagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) is an ionospheric microsatellite launched on a polar orbit at an altitude of 710 km. Its scientific payload allows to measure electromagnetic waves and plasma parameters. During the strong magnetic storm from 8 to 10 November 2004, intense electromagnetic harmonic emissions between 500 and 2000 Hz have been detected at midlatitudes and similar emissions were also observed on 21-22 January 2005 and on 15 May 2005 during two magnetic storms of lower intensity. They can be observed on consecutive orbits, either in one hemisphere or in both hemispheres at the same L values. On the dynamic energy/time spectrograms that are available in the DEMETER survey modes these emissions appear most often as patches of intensified signals lasting a few tens to hundreds of seconds with a frequency structure showing nearly equally spaced frequency bands. Such a frequency structure could be explained if the waves originate from the generation of ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves at proton cyclotron harmonics. When waveforms are available during burst modes, allowing a fine-resolution frequency analysis, these emissions appear in one orbit be composed of a set of lines slowly drifting in frequency with time. During periods with a high magnetically activity, the ionosphere and the magnetosphere are severely disturbed and these waves could be generated at relatively low L values and propagate from their equatorial source region along density gradients down to the altitude of the satellite. Energetic electron data obtained onboard DEMETER indicate that these waves interact with the energetic electron populations.
Published: 2006

43. Overview of the coordinated ground-based observations of Titan during the Huygens mission

Author: Theodor Kostiuk, Glen Langston, William M. Folkner, Olivier Witasse, Emily L. Schaller, Christophe O. Laux, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, R. Dutta-Roy, Sergei Pogrebenko, Hayley Bignall, Frank D. Ghigo, Arpad Szomoru, Robert M. Campbell, Thierry Magin, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Máté Ádámkovics, Ralph D. Lorenz, Cormac Reynolds, John Reynolds, Bonnie J. Buratti, Robert J. Sault, Ari Mujunen, Imke de Pater, M. A. Garrett, Stephen M. Parsley, Jonathan D. Romney, Eric Gendron, Thierry Blancquaert, Timothy A. Livengood, Anastasios Tzioumis, Chad Trujillo, Michael E. Brown, Robert A. Preston, Antonin Bouchez, Chris Phillips, Walter Brisken, Michael K. Bird, Sami W. Asmar, Bruno Sicardy, Mathieu Hirtzig, Jouko Ritakari, Steven Tingay, Anne Bourdon, C.G.M. van 't Klooster, Alberto Negrao, David Luz, Lise Caillault, I. M. Avruch, Richard Dodson, Henry G. Roe, Markus Hartung, Athena Coustenis, Leonid I. Gurvits, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), RadioAstronomisches Institut [Bonn] (RAIUB), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE ERIC), Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Green Bank] (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory [Socorro] (NRAO), Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Aalto University, Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn campus), Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Laboratoire d'Énergétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion (EM2C), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), and CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, Radio telescope, symbols.namesake, Geochemistry and Petrology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Radio signal, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Ecology, Lune, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Titan (rocket family), Geology
Abstract: Coordinated ground-based observations of Titan were performed around or during the Huygens atmospheric probe mission at Titan on 14 January 2005, connecting the momentary in situ observations by the probe with the synoptic coverage provided by continuing ground-based programs. These observations consisted of three different categories: (1) radio telescope tracking of the Huygens signal at 2040 MHz, (2) observations of the atmosphere and surface of Titan, and (3) attempts to observe radiation emitted during the Huygens Probe entry into Titan's atmosphere. The Probe radio signal was successfully acquired by a network of terrestrial telescopes, recovering a vertical profile of wind speed in Titan's atmosphere from 140 km altitude down to the surface. Ground-based observations brought new information on atmosphere and surface properties of the largest Saturnian moon. No positive detection of phenomena associated with the Probe entry was reported. This paper reviews all these measurements and highlights the achieved results. The ground-based observations, both radio and optical, are of fundamental importance for the interpretation of results from the Huygens mission.
Published: 2006

44. Characterization of zonal winds in the stratosphere of Titan with UVES

Author: David Luz, A. Kaufer, Francesca Ferri, T. Civeit, L. M. Lara, Olivier Witasse, Daniel Gautier, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Pascal Rannou, Regis Courtin, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Paris (OP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astronomia e Astrofísica da Universidade de Lisboa (CAAUL), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory [Santiago] (ESO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), and Universita degli Studi di Padova
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Very Large Telescope, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale height, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphère planétaire, symbols.namesake, Altitude, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Titan (rocket family), Titan, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Doppler effect, Spectrograph, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Titan has been observed with UVES, the UV–Visual Echelle Spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope, with the aim of characterizing the zonal wind flow. We use a retrieval scheme originally developed for absolute stellar accelerometry [Connes, P., 1985. Astrophys. Space Sci., 110, 211–255] to extract the velocity signal by simultaneously taking into account all the lines present in the spectrum. The method allows to measure the Doppler shift induced at a given point by the zonal wind flow, with high precision. The short-wavelength channel (4200–5200 A) probes one scale height higher than the long-wavelength one (5200–6200 A), and we observe statistically significant evidence for stronger winds at higher altitudes. The results show a high dispersion. Globally, we detect prograde zonal winds, with lower limits of 62 and 50 m s−1 at the regions centered at 200 and 170 km altitude, but approximately a quarter of the measurements indicates null or retrograde winds.
Published: 2005

45. The spherical segmented Langmuir probe in a flowing thermal plasma: numerical model of the current collection

Author: Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Elena Seran, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, F.Z. Saouri, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Langmuir probe, Ionosphere, Anisotropy, lcsh:Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Debye length, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, lcsh:QC801-809, Modeling, Charge density, Geology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Radius, lcsh:QC1-999, Computational physics, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Electron temperature, Plasma diagnostics, lcsh:Q, business, Instruments, lcsh:Physics, Forecasting
Abstract: The segmented Langmuir probe (SLP) has been recently proposed by one of the authors (Lebreton, 2002) as an instrument to derive the bulk velocity of terrestrial or planetary plasmas, in addition to the electron density and temperature that are routinely measured by Langmuir probes. It is part of the scientific payload on the DEMETER micro-satellite developed by CNES. The basic concept of this probe is to measure the current distribution over the surface using independent collectors under the form of small spherical caps and to use the angular anisotropy of these currents to obtain the plasma bulk velocity in the probe reference frame. In order to determine the SLP capabilities, we have developed a numerical PIC (Particles In Cell) model which provides a tool to compute the distribution of the current collected by a spherical probe. Our model is based on the simultaneous determination of the charge densities in the probe sheath and on the probe surface, from which the potential distribution in the sheath region can be obtained. This method is well adapted to the SLP problem and has some advantages since it provides a natural control of the charge neutrality inside the simulation box, allows independent mesh sizes in the sheath and on the probe surface, and can be applied to complex surfaces. We present in this paper initial results obtained for plasma conditions corresponding to a Debye length equal to the probe radius. These plasma conditions are observed along the Demeter orbit. The model results are found to be in very good agreement with those published by Laframboise (1966) for a spherical probe in a thermal non-flowing plasma. This demonstrates the adequacy of the computation method and of the adjustable numerical parameters (size of the numerical box and mesh, time step, number of macro-particles, etc.) for the considered plasma-probe configuration. We also present the results obtained in the case of plasma flowing with mesothermal conditions reproducing the case of measurements onboard a low altitude spacecraft. Finally, we briefly discuss the capabilities of the SLP to deduce the plasma bulk velocity under similar conditions and present the first onboard measurements. Keywords. Ionosphere (Modeling and forecasting; Instruments and techniques)
Published: 2005

46. HD 172555: detection of 63μm [OI] emission in a debris disc

Author: Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Francois Menard, Aki Roberge, Benjamin Montesinos, Gaspard Duchene, David Barrado, William R. F. Dent, Wing-Fai Thi, Göran Sandell, I. Mendigutía, Carlos Eiroa, Pablo Riviere-Marichalar, Christophe Pinte, Christian D. Howard, Nuria Huélamo, Jean-Charles Augereau, Gwendolyn Meeus, and UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Kuiper belt, Formation [Line], Particle mass, Individual: HD 172555 [Stars], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Black-body radiation, Stars: Pre-main sequence, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Pre-main sequence [Stars], Física, Stars: Individual: HD 172555, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Circumstellar matter, Debris, Circumstellar disk, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Line: Formation, Atomic oxygen, Circumstellar dust, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Astronomy and Astrophysics 546 (2012): L8 Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, Context. HD 172555 is a young A7 star belonging to the β Pictoris moving group that harbours a debris disc. The Spitzer/IRS spectrum of the source showed mid-IR features such as silicates and glassy silica species, indicating the presence of a warm dust component with small grains, which places HD 172555 among the small group of debris discs with such properties. The IRS spectrum also shows a possible emission of SiO gas. Aims. We aim to study the dust distribution in the circumstellar disc of HD 172555 and to asses the presence of gas in the debris disc. Methods. As part of the GASPS open time key programme, we obtained Herschel/PACS photometric and spectroscopic observations of the source.We analysed PACS observations of HD 172555 and modelled the spectral energy distribution with a modified blackbody and the gas emission with a two-level population model with no collisional de-excitation. Results. We report for the first time the detection of [OI] atomic gas emission at 63.18 μm in the HD 172555 circumstellar disc. We detect excesses due to circumstellar dust toward HD 172555 in the three photometric bands of PACS (70, 100, and 160 μm).We derive a large dust particle mass of (4.8 ± 0.6) × 10−4 M⊕ and an atomic oxygen mass of 2.5 × 10−2R2 M⊕, where R in AU is the separation between the star and the inner disc. Thus, most of the detected mass of the disc is in the gaseous phase, This research has been funded by Spanish grants AYA 2010-21161-C02-02, CDS2006-00070 and PRICIT-S2009/ESP-1496. J.-C. Augereau and J. Lebreton thank the ANR (contract ANR-2010 BLAN-0505-01, EXOZODI) and the CNES-PNP for financial support. C. Pinte, F. Menard and W.-F. Thi acknowledges funding from the EU FP7-2011 under Grant Agreement nr. 284405. G. Meeus is supported by RYC-2011-07920. G. Meeus, C. Eiroa, I. Mendigutía and B. Montesinos are partly supported by AYA-2011-26202. F.M. acknowledges support from the Millennium Science Initiative (Chilean Ministry of Economy), through grant ÒNucleus P10-022-FÓ
Published: 2012

47. Modelling the huge,Herschel-resolved debris ring around HD 207129

Author: Jesus Maldonado, K. R. Stapelfeldt, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, A. Mora, Pierre Magain, Göran Pilbratt, Torsten Löhne, Sebastian Wolf, P. Thébault, Carlos Eiroa, Glenn J. White, Benjamin Montesinos, Amelia Bayo, C. del Burgo, Jonathan P. Marshall, Géraldine Letawe, Olivier Absil, William C. Danchi, Steve Ertel, Alexander V. Krivov, Jean-Charles Augereau, Universitätsklinikum Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología [Lugo, Spain], Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli [Lugo, Spain] (LREC), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC )-Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Université de Liège, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Polymères Biopolymères Surfaces (PBS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), University of Granada/Dept of Paediatrics, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Normand de Chimie Moléculaire Médicinale et Macromoléculaire (INC3M), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Granada [Granada], Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Planetesimal, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Interplanetary medium, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Debris disk, Infrared excess, Física, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars: individual: HD 207129, Debris, Fomalhaut, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, individual: HD 207129 [Stars], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Astronomy and Astrophysics 537 (2013): A110 Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, Debris disks, which are inferred from the observed infrared excess to be ensembles of dust, rocks, and probably planetesimals, are common features of stellar systems. As the mechanisms of their formation and evolution are linked to those of planetary bodies, they provide valuable information. The few well-resolved debris disks are even more valuable because they can serve as modeling benchmarks and help resolve degeneracies in modelling aspects such as typical grain sizes and distances. Here, we present an analysis of the HD 207129 debris disk, based on its well-covered spectral energy distribution and Herschel/PACS images obtained in the framework of the DUNES (DUst around NEarby Stars) programme. We use an empirical power-law approach to the distribution of dust and we then model the production and removal of dust by means of collisions, direct radiation pressure, and drag forces. The resulting best-fit model contains a total of nearly 10−2 Earth masses in dust, with typical grain sizes in the planetesimal belt ranging from 4 to 7 μm.We constrain the dynamical excitation to be low, which results in very long collisional lifetimes and a drag that notably fills the inner gap, especially at 70 μm. The radial distribution stretches from well within 100 AU in an unusual, outward-rising slope towards a rather sharp outer edge at about 170–190 AU. The inner edge is therefore smoother than that reported for Fomalhaut, but the contribution from the extended halo of barely bound grains is similarly small. Both slowly self-stirring and planetary perturbations could potentially have formed and shaped this disk, Parts of our work were funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grants Lo 1715/1-1, Kr 2164/9-1, and Wo 857/7-1). C. Eiroa, J. Maldonado, J. P. Marshall, and B. Montesinos are partly supported by Spanish grant AYA 2008-01727. A. Mora acknowledges support from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (grant PEst- E/EEI/UI0066/2011)
Published: 2012

48. Hot exozodiacal dust resolved around Vega with IOTA/IONIC

Author: Olivier Absil, John D. Monnier, Denis Defrere, Wesley A. Traub, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Pierre Kervella, V. Coudé du Foresto, J.-B. Le Bouquin, Jean-Charles Augereau, E. Di Folco, Rafael Millan-Gabet, Jean-Philippe Berger, Johan Olofsson, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, circumstellar matter, 01 natural sciences, instrumentation: high angular resolution, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Vega, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars, techniques: interferometric, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Closure phase, Terrestrial planet, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Although debris discs have been detected around a significant number of main-sequence stars, only a few of them are known to harbour hot dust in their inner part where terrestrial planets may have formed. Thanks to infrared interferometric observations, it is possible to obtain a direct measurement of these regions, which are of prime importance for preparing future exo-Earth characterisation missions. In this context, we have resolved the exozodiacal dust disc around Vega with the help of infrared stellar interferometry and estimated the integrated H-band flux originating from the first few AUs of the debris disc. Using precise H-band interferometric measurements obtained with the 3-telescope IOTA/IONIC interferometer (Mount Hopkins, Arizona), thorough modelling of both interferometric data (squared visibility and closure phase) and spectral energy distribution was performed to constrain the nature of the near-infrared excess emission. The most straightforward scenario consists in a compact dust disc producing a thermal emission that is largely dominated by small grains located between 0.1 and 0.3 AU from Vega and accounting for 1.23 +/- 0.45% of the near-infrared stellar flux for our best-fit model. This flux ratio is shown to vary slightly with the geometry of the model used to fit our interferometric data (variations within +/-0.19%). Initially revealed by K-band CHARA/FLUOR observations, the presence of hot exozodiacal dust in the vicinity of Vega is confirmed by our H-band IOTA/IONIC measurements at the 3-sigma level. Whereas the origin of the dust is still uncertain, its presence and the possible connection with the outer disc suggest that the Vega system is currently undergoing major dynamical perturbations., 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2011

49. The Atmospheric Structure of the Ice Giant Planets from In Situ Measurements by Entry Probes

Author: A. LeGall, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Stefano Debei, Carlo Bettanini, Athena Coustenis, Giacomo Colombatti, Ronan Modolo, Alessio Aboudan, Franck Montmessin, Ari-Matti Harri, Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Francesca Ferri, Karen Aplin, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, University of Bristol [Bristol], Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric thermal structure, Uranus, Atmosphere, Dynamics, Electricity, Ice Giant planets, Measurements, Neptune, Sensors, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Giant planet, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmospheric entry, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology, Ice giant
Abstract: International audience; In situ measurements by an atmospheric entry probe allow for sounding and investigating atmospheric composition, structure and dynamics deep into the atmosphere of a Giant planet. In this paper, we describe an Atmospheric Structure Instrument (ASI) for an entry probe at Uranus and/or Neptune. The scientific objectives, the measurements and the expected results are discussed in the framework of a future opportunity for an NASA-ESA joint mission to the Ice Giant planets.

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