1. Role of plant glyoxylate reductases during stress: a hypothesis
- Author
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Wendy L. Allan, Gordon J. Hoover, Shawn M. Clark, and Barry J. Shelp
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Models, Molecular ,Pyridines ,Arabidopsis ,Dehydrogenase ,Review Article ,SSA, succinic semialdehyde ,Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Succinic semialdehyde ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,glyoxylate reductase ,GDC, glycine decarboxylase ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase ,0303 health sciences ,CaM, calmodulin ,biology ,Nucleotides ,Plants ,NADK, NAD kinase ,Metabolic Networks and Pathways ,succinic semialdehyde reductase ,medicine.drug ,GABA, γ-aminobutyrate ,SSADH, SSA dehydrogenase ,Glyoxylate cycle ,TCA, tricarboxylic acid ,aldehyde detoxification ,HIBADH, hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase ,Models, Biological ,gamma-Aminobutyric acid ,redox balance ,03 medical and health sciences ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,Stress, Physiological ,medicine ,Molecular Biology ,Glyoxylate reductase ,Plant Physiological Phenomena ,GLYR, glyoxylate reductase ,030304 developmental biology ,GAD, glutamate decarboxylase ,ICDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase ,GABA-T, GABA transaminase ,GHB, γ-hydroxybutyrate ,Cell Biology ,AKR, aldo-keto reductase ,biology.organism_classification ,Metabolic pathway ,Alcohol Oxidoreductases ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Molecular modelling suggests that a group of proteins in plants known as the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, or the hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase superfamily, includes enzymes that reduce succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate to γ-hydroxybutyrate and glycolate respectively. Recent biochemical and expression studies reveal that NADPH-dependent cytosolic (termed GLYR1) and plastidial (termed GLYR2) isoforms of succinic semialdehyde/glyoxylate reductase exist in Arabidopsis. Succinic semialdehyde and glyoxylate are typically generated in leaves via two distinct metabolic pathways, γ-aminobutyrate and glycolate respectively. In the present review, it is proposed that the GLYRs function in the detoxification of both aldehydes during stress and contribute to redox balance. Outstanding questions are highlighted in a scheme for the subcellular organization of the detoxification mechanism in Arabidopsis.
- Published
- 2009