Search

Healthcare monitoring systems have been one of the most important system in the last decade, and they have become increasingly technological. Humans are facing various issue and untimely death due to multiple illness, due to a lack of medical treatment for patients. To overcome this issue a real time health monitoring system has proposed based on IOT. The proposed system consists of mobile application and GSM for continuous wireless monitoring of patients. The main aim is to create a dependable patient management system based on IoT so that healthcare professionals can monitor their patients who are either hospitalized or at home using an IOT based integrated healthcare system to ensure quality patient care. Sensors are used to track vital parameters, and the data collected by the sensors is sent to the cloud via a WiFi module. A wireless healthcare monitoring system has created that can provide real time online information about a patients conditions. The system is made up of sensors, a data acquisition unit, a microcontroller (i.e. ESP32) and software. The patients temperature, heart beat rate, ECG, blood pressure and SPO2 are regularly monitored, displayed and stored by the system and the same has been sent to the doctors mobile containing the application. Additionally a message is sent to the doctors mobile if any of the parameter crosses the threshold value. Thus, IOT based real time health monitoring system systematically monitor the condition of patients health and save their life on time.

Here, we have successfully synthesized single-phase ZnWO4 nanoparticles using a highly effective low-temperature ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method at 180 °C for 24 h. TEM images show that agglomerated, irregular-shaped nanoparticles and XRD confirm the monoclinic wolframite phase of ZnWO4 with P2/c space group. The main vibrational modes for ZnWO4 are observed in the IR region from 468 to 880 cm−1 and the optical absorption peaks at 280 nm. Also, photocatalytic degradation was carried out over suspensions of ZnWO4 against Indigo Carmine (IC) dye under UV light irradiation. The effects of various operational parameters were examined and we observed that the degradation efficiency was reached up to 90% within 120 min. Hence, ZnWO4 nanoparticles are proven to be good materials for photocatalytic dye degradation application and the future of the technology. We have successfully synthesized ZnWO4 nanoparticles via ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method. The obtained product shows excellent photocatalytic activity against Indigo Carmine (IC) dye solution.

During recent years, there has been a growing pursuit in researching and developing new therapeutic antimicrobial agents from several sources to combat microbial resistance. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid in screening of antimicrobial activity and evaluating methods. The objective of the present study was to synthesize, characterize, and explore nanosized biogenic zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and evaluate its performance for the antimicrobial activity. Biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were fabricated with the two different zinc salts (zinc acetate and zinc nitrate) from aqueous Achyranthes aspera leaf extract and characterized using modern methods and tools, such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy, which indicated the formation of very pure ZnO NPs. The scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) explored the formation of flower-like morphology in the sample of zinc acetate precursor and spherical morphology in the sample of zinc nitrate precursor. Further, the elemental composition of both samples was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The antibacterial of ZnO NPs was evaluated by disk diffusion method on Gram-negative pathogen Escherichia coli and Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a higher zone of inhibition (29 mm) because of having a larger specific surface area. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of biogenic ZnO NPs were observed in the range of 40–60 μg/mL against selected oral pathogens. Overall, the green synthesized ZnO NPs demonstrated the astounding potential for the antimicrobial activity as an alternative clean-green therapeutic solution.

For the first time, we have been reported the phytosynthesis of ultrathin 2D layered sharp-edged MgO nanosheets using Achyranthes aspera (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2%) via green route without any surfactants and the rarely characterized and emerging pathogens of Eggerthella lenta and Enterobacter aerogenes were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of biosynthesized MgO nanomaterials. A. aspera has a superior role as a non-toxic bio-reducing agent in an entire synthesized process of MgO nanomaterial. Furthermore, the structure, morphology and physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were elucidated by the analytical techniques like powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The scanning electron microscopic analysis (SEM) explored the morphology as a 2D nanostructure of A. aspera mediated ultrathin MgO nanosheets. Further, the microscopic analysis HRTEM revealed that the morphological refinement was greatly achieved by varying the concentration of the leaf extract utilized as a capping as well as the reducing agent. An In vitro antibacterial and antifungal analysis were quantitatively investigated for the 2D nanostructure of A. aspera mediated ultrathin MgO nanosheets. Besides, mechanism involving in the formation of MgO nanosheets and antimicrobial activity are well demonstrated to deepen the knowledge towards enhancement possibilities for the metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis and applications.

Developing electrodes with the high efficiency for full cell lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are still challenging. In the present report, we discussed about the performance of LiCoO2 which is analysed by full cell prepared by solid state route. To enhance the electrochemical performance, MgO and ZnO are assigned on the surface of LiCoO2 for better performance. Both ZnO and MgO are synthesized via hydrothermal route. The full cell fabricated with MgO-coated LiCoO2 delivers the high capacity of about 145 mAh/g. The performance of full cell confirms the effect of MgO and ZnO on the surface of LiCoO2 which enhances the efficiency of LIBs.

Abstract One-step wet chemical method has been employed for the synthesis of silver (Ag) nanofluids followed by the preparation of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVP–PVA mixed-dispersant-stabilized nanofluids by varying the concentration ratio of dispersants for the viscosity and thermal conductivity analysis. The optical absorption studies indicate the presence of nanoparticles in the prepared fluids (or the formation of the silver nanoparticles). The shape and size of the nanoparticles are confirmed by the field emission scanning electron microscopy, and the particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis were carried out by using dynamic light scattering. It is observed that the thermal conductivity of Ag nanofluids increases with an increase in the dispersant concentration with respect to the temperature. The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement of Ag nanofluids was observed in the presence of an equimolar ratio of PVP–PVA (1:1:1) blends as stabilizers. Graphic abstract

The present study was reported with synthesize of copper oxide nanoparticles by ethno botanical species. Bio convivial and compatible approaches were made to utilize the renewable source of leaves extract of Achyranthes aspera Linn as efficient capping and stabilizing agent as well. Also, natural A. aspera was functioned as reductant in the formation of CuO NPs. The phytosynthesized CuO nanoparticles were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction, High resolution tunnelling electron microscopy and also comprehensively examined their biological applications like antibacterial and antifungal susceptibility against E. lenta, E. aerogenes and C. albicans strains. An XRD result of prepared CuO nanoparticles reveals the monoclinic crystalline structure and average crystallite size of 11–16 nm. The morphology variations for different concentrations of precursor material were noticed by SEM image. Furthermore, the crystalline planes found in SAED pattern of synthesized CuO NPs were coincide to the analysed XRD spectra. In the present study, a novel green approach was used to synthesize of CuO NPs for the antibacterial activity of poorly characterized and emerging pathogens of E. lenta and E. aerogenes. Further, the physicochemical, morphological and biological properties of CuO NPs are discussed.

In this work, the effect of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-grafted methoxy (polyethylene glycol) (SMA-g-MPEG) copolymer as dispersants on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of zinc oxide (ZnO)–water-based nanofluids was studied. Various molecular weight MPEGs were grafted to SMA copolymer by esterification reaction, and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by microwave irradiation method. Prepared ZnO NPs and copolymers were characterized by UV, FESEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, NMR and TGA techniques. The grafted copolymer was used to enhance the dispersibility of ZnO–water-based nanofluids. The effect of SMA-g-MPEG comb-shaped copolymer on the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the suspensions was investigated at different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt%) and solid volume fractions of ZnO NPs (φ = 0.5–3.0%). The suspension with SMA-g-MPEG 2000 dispersant showed improved stabilization at higher particle concentration. The variation of viscosity with shear rate showed the nanofluids behaved as a non-Newtonian fluid at the lower shear rate and Newtonian behaviour with the increase in shear rate. However, thermal conductivities of the ZnO–water-based nanofluids increased with increasing of the particle volume concentration and decreased with increase in the chain length of the grafted molecules. The average chain length of the grafted molecule exhibited enhanced thermal conductivity as compared with that of the base fluids. Finally, experimental values of the thermal conductivity and viscosity were compared with the estimations done by several simple theoretical models.

Breast cancer is the second prevalent type of cancer among women. Breast Ultrasound (BUS) imaging is one of the most frequently used diagnostic tools to detect and classify abnormalities in the breast. To improve the diagnostic accuracy, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is helpful for breast cancer detection and classification. Normally, a CAD system consists of four stages: pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. In this chapter, the pre-processing step includes speckle noise removal using Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD). The goal of segmentation is to locate the Region of Interest (ROI) and Active contour-based segmentation is used in this work. The texture features are extracted and fed to a classifier to categorize the images as Normal, Benign and Malignant. In this work three classifiers namely K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm, Decision tree algorithm and Random Forest classifier are used and the performance is compared based on the accuracy of classification.

Corrosion is the deterioration of a metal by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. It is impossible to eliminate corrosion completely. So prevention would be more practical than elimination. There are several methods to effectively control and minimize corrosion. The small quantity of corrosion inhibitors can effectively decrease the corrosion process. Mild steel is a material of used in industries due to easy availability and fabrication of machineries. Corrosion can damage the materials which are used to construct automobiles, pipeline systems, bridges and buildings, petroleum refineries, etc. Plant extracts have been recently studied as corrosion inhibitors for different metals in various environments. In the present work, an aqueous extract of asafoetida have been used as a corrosion inhibitor in controlling corrosion of mild steel. The formation of protective layer on the surface of metal are to be confirmed by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The corrosion inhibition of mild steel have been be studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques.

Social Media is having a radical shift, and organizations are integrating into their business processes. Social media usage can vary at workplace, but the objective is to create and share social networks. Use of social media is inevitable in work environments; management in organizations should find ways to get the maximum benefit of its use in business processes. The empirical research shows the Effect of Social Media on Employees’ Job Performance. A total of 238 responses were analyzed by SEM. The findings showed that social media usage is highly correlated with employee job performance.

Elimination of heavy metals from wastewater has been a significant process to improve the aquatic source’s quality. Various materials act as very effective adsorbents to remove heavy metals, which cause toxicity to plants and all other living organisms. Thus, the present work focuses on removing heavy metals chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) ions containing wastewater using biodegradable and cost-effective chitosan-based hydrogel composite. The composite was prepared via chemical cross-linking of radical chitosan with polyacrylamide and N,N′-Methylene bisacrylamide and blended with orange peel. The synthesis of the adsorbent has been confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy – Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The adsorption power of the composite of metal ions at different time, pH, adsorbent dosages, different metal ion concentrations were analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results concluded that the optimum pH for Cr(VI) and Cu (II) were 4 and 5, contact time: 360 min, adsorbent dosage: 4 g, and initial metal ion concentration: 100 mg/L for each metal ions. The adsorption isotherm models follow the Freundlich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. From the results, the adsorption capacity was observed to be 80.43% for Cr(VI) and 82.47% for Cu(II) ions, respectively.

Wastewater management is becoming a serious issue worldwide. To enhance the reuse of wastewater, one has to remove toxic pollutants present in it. High amount of dye is present in wastewater, and to remove these dyes is the large scope of this research. Herein, we report production of pure and Ce-doped copper ferrite via hydrothermal route. The synthesized nanoparticles were collected and analyzed by basic characterization techniques. The bandgap energy calculated for pure, 1% Ce, and 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 was found to be 2.77, 2.57, and 2.36eV, respectively. Reduction in bandgap was attributed to the doping element. The shape and size of pure and Ce-doped products were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Agglomeration was observed in the pure copper ferrite sample. In the Ce-doped sample, agglomeration was clearly reduced and the 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 sample showed growth of small nanoparticles. They showed complete growth and were arranged in a uniform manner without agglomeration. The surface area of the 2% Ce–CuFe2O4 sample was found to be 65.89 m2/g with 7.02 nm pore diameter. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared material was observed for rhodamine B degradation. The pure and catalyst-added dye was exposed under visible light. The samples were tested for UV. The efficiency obtained for pure dye solution, pristine CuFe2O4-added, and 1% Ce and 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4-added dye solutions were 48%, 50%, 66%, and 88% within 2 h of irradiation. The 2% Ce-doped CuFe2O4 sample showed excellent photocatalytic activity as the bandgap and morphology were enhanced by doping an appropriate ratio of Ce ions.

In this present investigation, an aqueous Basella alba leaves extract was used to synthesize AgNPs. The green synthesis approach is carried out in our work due to non-toxic, less cost, and ecofriendly methods. FTIR spectra are used to confirm the biomolecules present in B.alba leaves extract along with AgNPs and these compounds are responsible for Ag particle from micro to nanostructure. The FCC structure and crystalline nature of the AgNPs are analyzed with the help of XRD and TEM techniques respectively. DLS and Zeta potential techniques are carried out to find the size and stability of AgNPs respectively and UV is used to verify the presence of AgNPs in synthesized samples employing SPR peaks around 435 nm. The antioxidant studies expose eminent scavenging activity which ranges from 13.71% to maximum 67.88%. Green synthesized AgNPs possess well organized biological activities concerning antioxidant and antibacterial, which can be used in some biologically applications.

CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using Pamelo (Binomial name; Citrus maxima) fruit juice as fuel. XRD pattern confirms the monoclinic structure with C2/c point group. In FT-IR spectra peaks at 532 cm−1 is observed for symmetrical stretching vibrations of Cu-O bonds. The UV-DRS spectrum shows characteristic absorption band at 732 nm with corresponding bandgap of 1.62 eV. TEM images show agglomerated irregular shape of nanoparticles with an average particle size of about ~ 60 nm. BET analysis shows mesoporous nature having surface area of 3.7 nm. CuO NPs was examined as anode material for the Li-ion battery and it shows specific capacity at 110 mAh g−1 even after 150 cycles. CuO NPs showed excellent photocatalytic activity (82% in 150 min) against MB dye under visible light irradiation.

In this work, we report the synthesis and electrochemical performance of CuO synthesized in aloe-vera gel medium coated LiNiPO4 in first time also, we compared the performance of CuO prepared in water medium coated LiNiPO4. The particle size of pure LiNiPO4 is 5.2 μm and the particle size of CuO prepared in water medium coated LiNiPO4 is 2.1 μm. Also, the particle size of CuO prepared in aloe-vera gel medium coated LiNiPO4 is 1.7 μm, which is analysed by using particle size analysis. As we expected, aloe-vera gel mediated CuO effectively reduces the particle size of LiNiPO4 also it exhibits the good electrochemical performance which is examined with the help of charge/discharge analysis. Green synthesis is an operative method to prepare surface coating materials for cathode materials of lithium ion batteries.

An alternative and environmentally benign method of disposing the buffing dust, generated from leather industry was carried out in the present investigation. The buffing dust (finished solid waste) was charred in a controlled oxygen atmosphere by coupled pyrolysis and the resultant material was gauged for the application of light weight cement blocks. The results confirmed that, at a flow rate of 1 LPM oxygen supplied for 30 min produced nanostructured fibrous carbon material which was further confirmed through SEM and EDX analyses. Iron nanoparticles were used to inhibit the conversion of trivalent chromium to hexavalent chromium in fibrous carbon before being utilized for making light weight cement block. The addition of iron nanoparticles supplements the mechanical strength by compositional bonding in cement block. The XRD results elucidate that the hexavalent chromium has reduced to trivalent chromium due to the addition of iron nanoparticles in the residue material. The as-prepared light weight cement blocks were fabricated (7 cm × 7 cm × 7 cm) for compression test, simultaneously cement block devoid of iron nanoparticles was prepared as a control. The compressive strength of the light weight cement block comprising of iron nanoparticles (20.7 kN/cm2) was found to be higher than the block without iron nanoparticles (3.82 kN/cm2).

A novel eco-friendly and biocompatible method has been used with the help of Solanum surattense aqueous leaves extract to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The cost-effective green synthesis route has been given much care to ensure an environmentally friendly and straightforward approach, as it is most demanded in the biomedical industry. The proposed novel synthesis method offers additional compensations over other synthesizing approaches. Different analytical systems such as UV–vis, IR, XRD, DLS, SEM, EDAX, XPS, and TEM characterization techniques were used to understand the quality of the green synthesized nanoparticles for biomedical applications. The surface plasmon resonance peak of green synthesized silver nanoparticles at 446 nm was observed by UV absorbance spectral analysis. The XRD, SEM, and TEM analysis using to study the crystal structure, particle size, and surface morphology of the AgNPs. The results confirmed the synthesized spherical shape silver nanoparticles were crystallized in a face-centered cubic structure. The zeta potential measurement was used to authorize the excellent stability of AgNPs employing the dynamic light scattering method. FTIR spectral study confirmed that phytocompound participate in the bioreduction as well as stabilization of biosynthesized AgNPs by Solanum surattense. Also, the phytochemical content acts as the capping agent on surface AgNPs. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are subjected to antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and negative pathogenic bacteria for finding suitability in biocompatible applications. Also, the cytotoxicity of AgNPs was studied against the human breast cancer cell line and compared with one of the commercially available cancer drugs. Also, we have shown that the prepared AgNPs could serve as an excellent photocatalyst for degrading the Rhodamine B (RhB) dye and Acid Violet 7 (AV 7) dye under direct sunlight radiation.

Herein, we report a simple, economic and low-cost surfactant assisted sonochemical synthesis of ZnWO4 nanoparticles. The structural and morphological features of nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. ZnWO4 had been proven to be one of the most promising electrodes for energy storage and found that the discharge capacity was of 173mA h g^-1 even after 20 cycles at 0.1C rate. In addition to this, good photocatalytic degradation efficiency (98.6% in 120 minutes) was also achieved through Rhodamine B as a model of pollutant system.

Currently angiogram is the golden standard methodology used for evaluating coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD helps the physician to assess percentage of stenosis or block in blood vessel. The density of the contrast agent that passes through blood is different along the blood vessel. So to calculate the density variation, a quantitative method is used. This helps to determine the percentage of stenosis. Frames of images are extracted from the angiogram and Region of Interest (ROI) are segmented from each frame. Length and diameter of segmented blood vessel is calculated. Neural network classifier is used for determining stenosis percentage based on statistical parameters. Also the dye density along the blood vessel is calculated using volume information. The severity of stenosis is determined based on the density of dye at different blood vessel segments.

Degradation of biorefractory compounds in wastewater generated from a chemical industry using iron (II) Schiff base complex as homogeneous catalyst. The complex of iron (II) Schiff base was derived from o-vanillin and allyl thio urea. The ligand and the complex were characterized using FT-IR, UV–Visible, fluorescence spectroscopy, SEM–EDX, and elemental composition. The optimized conditions for degradation were carried out with different time, pH, temperature, dosage of the complex, and H2O2. The chemical oxygen demand was reduced from 3,360 to 1,200 mg/L (64.3% reduction) at the optimized conditions such as pH, temperature, iron (II) Schiff base complex, and H2O2. The degradation of chemicals in wastewater was confirmed with the 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and fluorescence spectroscopy.

Iron nanoparticles were synthesized using Musa ornata flower sheath extract. The optimum precursor salt concentration, pH of the reaction mixture, ratio between reducing agent and precursor salt and time for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles were found to be 5 mM, 9.0, 3:7 and 0th h respectively. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were characterised by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and particle size analyser. UV/Vis absorption showed a characteristic absorption peak of iron oxide nanoparticles in the range of 250-350 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurement was carried out to identify the possible molecules like carbonyl, CH and OH band. From the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that the average particle size of magnetite nanoparticles was found to be 43.69 nm. The synthesized iron nanoparticles had antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica by well diffusion method. This biosynthesis approach has been found to be cost effective, eco-friendly and promising for applications in various fields.

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a brown dog tick that transmits rickettsial infection between dogs and man. It can be prevented by using ectoparasiticides generally acting through acetylcholinesterase inhibiting mechanism which is responsible for the catalysis of acetylcholine neurotransmitter. To overcome the toxic effects produced by synthetic ectoparasticides, new in silico approaches were carried out using the active principles from the custard apple. Custard apple is a small tree cultivated throughout India with various medicinal properties. A novel docking study was performed using the active ingredients present in the leaves of the custard apple. The dock scores were analysed and the best active ingredient-target interactions were identified. The active principle Norcorydine gives good docking scores with Acetylcholinesterase. Hence the present study projects the positive role of custard apple in the synthesis of bio-insecticides for the control of ectoparasites.

Cyclic voltammetry take into account the mass transport of species and the kinetics at the electrode surface. Analytical solutions of these models are not well-known due to the complexity of the boundary conditions. In this study we present analytical relation between the concentration at the electrode surface and the current for quasi-reversible reaction.A new semi analytic description ofquasi-reversible cyclic voltammetry at a electrode is obtained, assuming equal diffusion coefficients. It provides rigorous and complete expression for the voltamettric current, in the form of the integral or the integral equation.This solution method can be extended to cases that are more general and may be useful for benchmarking purposes.