Search

Your search keyword '"Susanne Preunkert"' showing total 32 results
Start Over Author "Susanne Preunkert" Topic 01 natural sciences
32 results on '"Susanne Preunkert"'

1. Investigation of a cold-based ice apron on a high-mountain permafrost rock wall using ice texture analysis and micro-14C dating: a case study of the Triangle du Tacul ice apron (Mont Blanc massif, France)

Author

Ludovic Ravanel, Maurine Montagnat, Grégoire Guillet, Ronny Friedrich, Susanne Preunkert, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre d'Etudes de la Neige (CEN), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Curt–Engelhorn–Center Archaeometry, Mannheim, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
GB, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice core, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, DAS, 15. Life on land, Mont blanc massif, Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, Texture (geology), Ice crystal studies, Ice chronology/dating, 13. Climate action, GB Physical geography, Mountain glaciers, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Mont blanc, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

This study is part of the ANR 14-CE03-0006 VIP Mont Blanc and the EU ALCOTRA AdaPT Mont Blanc project. The current paper studies the dynamics and age of the Triangle du Tacul (TDT) ice apron, a massive ice volume lying on a steep high-mountain rock wall in the French side of the Mont-Blanc massif at an altitude close to 3640 m a.s.l. Three 60 cm long ice cores were drilled to bedrock (i.e. the rock wall) in 2018 and 2019 at the TDT ice apron. Texture (microstructure and lattice-preferred orientation, LPO) analyses were performed on one core. The two remaining cores were used for radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction (three samples in total). Microstructure and LPO do not substantially vary with along the axis of the ice core. Throughout the core, irregularly shaped grains, associated with strain-induced grain boundary migration and strong single maximum LPO, were observed. Measurements indicate that at the TDT ice deforms under a low strain-rate simple shear regime, with a shear plane parallel to the surface slope of the ice apron. Dynamic recrystallization stands out as the major mechanism for grain growth. Micro-radiocarbon dating indicates that the TDT ice becomes older with depth perpendicular to the ice surface. We observed ice ages older than 600 year BP and at the base of the lowest 30 cm older than 3000 years. Publisher PDF

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Causes of Enhanced Bromine Levels in Alpine Ice Cores During the 20th Century: Implications for Bromine in the Free European Troposphere

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Nathan Chellman, Monica M. Arienzo, Michel Legrand, Joseph R. McConnell, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Bromine, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Geophysics, Ice core, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Cadmium Pollution From Zinc‐Smelters up to Fourfold Higher Than Expected in Western Europe in the 1980s as Revealed by Alpine Ice

Author

Joseph R. McConnell, Andreas Stohl, L. Lestel, Nathan Chellman, Michel Legrand, Sabine Eckhardt, Monica M. Arienzo, Susanne Preunkert, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), York University [Toronto], Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cadmium, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Western europe, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cadmium pollution, Smelting, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Estimates of past emission inventories suggest that toxic heavy metal pollution in Europe was highest in the mid‐1970s for lead and in the mid‐1960s for cadmium, but these previous estimates have not been compared to observations. Here, alpine ice‐cores were used to document cadmium and lead pollution in western Europe between 1890 and 2000. The ice‐core trends show that while lead pollution largely from leaded gasoline reached a maximum in ~1975 as expected, cadmium pollution primarily from zinc smelters peaked in the early‐1980s rather than in ~1965 and was up to fourfold higher than estimated after 1975. Comparisons between ice‐core trends, estimated past emissions, and state‐of‐the‐art atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition modeling suggest that the estimated decreases in cadmium emissions after 1970 were based on overly optimistic emissions reductions from the introduction of pollution control devices and other technological improvements.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. A New Sample Preparation System for Micro-14C Dating of Glacier Ice with a First Application to a High Alpine Ice Core from Colle Gnifetti (Switzerland)

Author

Helene Hoffmann, Ronny Friedrich, Susanne Preunkert, Michel Legrand, Dietmar Wagenbach, Pascal Bohleber, and David Leinfelder

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, Particulate organic carbon, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Firn, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aerosol, Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, law, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sample preparation, Radiometric dating, Radiocarbon dating, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Radiometric dating of glacier ice is an essential tool where stratigraphic dating methods cannot be applied. This study focuses on Alpine glacier ice and presents a new sample preparation system for dating of glacier ice samples via radiocarbon (14C) dating of the microscopic particulate organic carbon (POC) fraction incorporated in the ice matrix. An adaptable, low-cost inline filtration-oxidation-unit (REFILOX) has been developed, which for the first time unifies all sample preparation steps from ice filtration to CO2quantification in one closed setup. A systematic14C investigation of modern European aerosol samples revealed that a POC combustion temperature of 340°C provides the best representation of the real sample age. A very low process blank of maximally 0.3±0.1 µgC now enables14C dating of high Alpine ice samples, where POC concentrations are generally low (typically 10–50 µgC/kg), in an ice sample mass range of 300–500 g. In a first successful application, the method was used to obtain age constraints for an ice core from the cold, high Alpine firn saddle Colle Gnifetti (Switzerland). Analysis of the bottom ice core sections revealed a basal age of 4171–3923 cal yr BP but also a so far enigmatic discontinuity in the age-depth relationship.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Seasonal variations of triple oxygen isotopic compositions of atmospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ozone at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica

Author

Kota Kuribayashi, Bruno Jourdain, Susanne Preunkert, Naohiro Yoshida, Joel Savarino, Sakiko Ishino, Albane Barbero, Shohei Hattori, Nicolas Caillon, and Michel Legrand

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, medicine, Mixing ratio, Sulfate, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010401 analytical chemistry, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Environmental chemistry, Climatology, Atmospheric chemistry, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Triple oxygen isotopic compositions (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) of atmospheric sulfate (SO42−) and nitrate (NO3−) in the atmosphere reflect the relative contribution of oxidation pathways involved in their formation processes, which potentially provides information to reveal missing reactions in atmospheric chemistry models. However, there remain many theoretical assumptions for the controlling factors of Δ17O(SO42−) and Δ17O(NO3−) values in those model estimations. To test one of those assumption that Δ17O values of ozone (O3) have a flat value and do not influence the seasonality of Δ17O(SO42−) and Δ17O(NO3−) values, we performed the first simultaneous measurement of Δ17O values of atmospheric sulfate, nitrate, and ozone collected at Dumont d'Urville (DDU) Station (66°40′ S, 140°01′ E) throughout 2011. Δ17O values of sulfate and nitrate exhibited seasonal variation characterized by minima in the austral summer and maxima in winter, within the ranges of 0.9–3.4 and 23.0–41.9 ‰, respectively. In contrast, Δ17O values of ozone showed no significant seasonal variation, with values of 26 ± 1 ‰ throughout the year. These contrasting seasonal trends suggest that seasonality in Δ17O(SO42−) and Δ17O(NO3−) values is not the result of changes in Δ17O(O3), but of the changes in oxidation chemistry. The trends with summer minima and winter maxima for Δ17O(SO42−) and Δ17O(NO3−) values are caused by sunlight-driven changes in the relative contribution of O3 oxidation to the oxidation by HOx, ROx, and H2O2. In addition to that general trend, by comparing Δ17O(SO42−) and Δ17O(NO3−) values to ozone mixing ratios, we found that Δ17O(SO42−) values observed in spring (September to November) were lower than in fall (March to May), while there was no significant spring and fall difference in Δ17O(NO3−) values. The relatively lower sensitivity of Δ17O(SO42−) values to the ozone mixing ratio in spring compared to fall is possibly explained by (i) the increased contribution of SO2 oxidations by OH and H2O2 caused by NOx emission from snowpack and/or (ii) SO2 oxidation by hypohalous acids (HOX = HOCl + HOBr) in the aqueous phase.

Published
2017

6. A 60-year ice-core record of regional climate from Adélie Land, coastal Antarctica

Author

Olivier Magand, Martin Werner, Vincent Favier, Hubert Gallée, Michel Fily, Bruno Jourdain, Sentia Goursaud, Michel Legrand, Bénédicte Minster, Susanne Preunkert, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric models, δ18O, Firn, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Antarctic ice sheet, Atmospheric model, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Geology, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Sea ice, Environmental science, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

A 22.4 m-long shallow firn core was extracted during the 2006/2007 field season from coastal Adélie Land. Annual layer counting based on subannual analyses of δ18O and major chemical components was combined with 5 reference years associated with nuclear tests and non-retreat of summer sea ice to build the initial ice-core chronology (1946–2006), stressing uncertain counting for 8 years. We focus here on the resulting δ18O and accumulation records. With an average value of 21.8 ± 6.9 cm w.e. yr−1, local accumulation shows multi-decadal variations peaking in the 1980s, but no long-term trend. Similar results are obtained for δ18O, also characterised by a remarkably low and variable amplitude of the seasonal cycle. The ice-core records are compared with regional records of temperature, stake area accumulation measurements and variations in sea-ice extent, and outputs from two models nudged to ERA (European Reanalysis) atmospheric reanalyses: the high-resolution atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), including stable water isotopes ECHAM5-wiso (European Centre Hamburg model), and the regional atmospheric model Modèle Atmosphérique Régional (AR). A significant linear correlation is identified between decadal variations in δ18O and regional temperature. No significant relationship appears with regional sea-ice extent. A weak and significant correlation appears with Dumont d'Urville wind speed, increasing after 1979. The model-data comparison highlights the inadequacy of ECHAM5-wiso simulations prior to 1979, possibly due to the lack of data assimilation to constrain atmospheric reanalyses. Systematic biases are identified in the ECHAM5-wiso simulation, such as an overestimation of the mean accumulation rate and its interannual variability, a strong cold bias and an underestimation of the mean δ18O value and its interannual variability. As a result, relationships between simulated δ18O and temperature are weaker than observed. Such systematic precipitation and temperature biases are not displayed by MAR, suggesting that the model resolution plays a key role along the Antarctic ice sheet coastal topography. Interannual variations in ECHAM5-wiso temperature and precipitation accurately capture signals from meteorological data and stake observations and are used to refine the initial ice-core chronology within 2 years. After this adjustment, remarkable positive (negative) δ18O anomalies are identified in the ice-core record and the ECHAM5-wiso simulation in 1986 and 2002 (1998–1999), respectively. Despite uncertainties associated with post-deposition processes and signal-to-noise issues, in one single coastal ice-core record, we conclude that the S1C1 core can correctly capture major annual anomalies in δ18O as well as multi-decadal variations. These findings highlight the importance of improving the network of coastal high-resolution ice-core records, and stress the skills and limitations of atmospheric models for accumulation and δ18O in coastal Antarctic areas. This is particularly important for the overall East Antarctic ice sheet mass balance.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Lead and Antimony in Basal Ice From Col du Dome (French Alps) Dated With Radiocarbon: A Record of Pollution During Antiquity

Author

Michel Legrand, Nathan Chellman, Helene Hoffmann, Sabine Eckhardt, Andreas Stohl, Ronny Friedrich, Andrew Wilson, Joseph R. McConnell, Monica M. Arienzo, Susanne Preunkert, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], and Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)

Subjects
Pollution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Lead (sea ice), Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Dome (geology), Basal (phylogenetics), Geophysics, Antimony, chemistry, 13. Climate action, law, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Lead and antimony measurements in basal ice from the Col du Dome glacier document heavy metal pollution in western Europe associated with emissions from mining and smelting operations during European antiquity. Radiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice suggests that the basal ice dates to ~5,000 ± 600 cal years BP. In agreement with a precisely dated Greenland lead record, the Col du Dome record indicates two periods of significant lead pollution during the Roman period, that is, the last centuries before the Common Era to the second century of the Common Era. Atmospheric modeling and the Col du Dome record consistently show an overall magnitude of the lead perturbation 100 times larger than in the Greenland record. Antimony closely tracked lead, with antimony pollution about 2 orders of magnitude lower, consistent with European peat records.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Rock slope failure in a recently deglaciated permafrost rock wall at Piz Kesch (Eastern Swiss Alps), February 2014

Author

Grégoire Guillet, Susanne Preunkert, P.A Duvillard, Ludovic Ravanel, Philip Deline, Maurine Montagnat, François Pallandre, and Florence Magnin

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Glacier, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Permafrost, Block (meteorology), Mont blanc massif, 01 natural sciences, High mountain, Rockfall, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Absolute dating, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Physical geography, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The study of the ice (cryostructures, cryostratigraphy, types and age) that partly fills the fractures in rockwall permafrost is necessary to better understand the increasing frequency/volume of rockfalls in the high alpine rockwalls. Typically inaccessible, this ice is visible only when a rockfall occurs, exposing previously hidden ice. Over the past two years, the two largest rockfalls of the decade in the Mont Blanc massif and a smaller one allowed to start the documentation of the rockwall permafrost ice. This poster aims to present the three cases. Up to now, dating has been carried out for only one of the three cases. How to date permafrost ice? Dating ice cores from alpine glaciers has shown the wide time span covered by these, from a few decades to several thousand years. Several dating methods are available to quantify the age. Counting the annual layers, which proved to be effective, is widely used in the study of mountain glaciers but cannot be used for the internal ice of the permafrost since it does not present these annual layers. Structure of the ice in the scar of the Trident of Tacul rockfall scar shows nevertheless a series of layers. We will therefore use radionuclide dating to obtain the absolute age of the ice. So far, only one age is available for interstitial ice from permafrost-affected rockwall: the ice sampled from a felt block that is part of the deposit of the 150'000 m 3 rockfall that occurred in Feb. 2014 at Piz Kesch (Swiss Alps

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Year-round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites

Author

Nicolas Theys, Xin Yang, Michel Legrand, and Susanne Preunkert

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Bromine, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sea salt, fungi, chemistry.chemical_element, Antarctic sea ice, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, Troposphere, Geophysics, Oceanography, food, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Multiple year-round records of bulk and size-segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea-salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea-salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off-line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process-based sea-salt production module that includes both sea-ice-sourced and open-ocean-sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea-salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea-ice-related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea-salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME-2 satellite observations over Antarctica.

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Alpine ice evidence of a three-fold increase in atmospheric iodine deposition since 1950 in Europe due to increasing oceanic emissions

Author

Nathan Chellman, Monica M. Arienzo, Kelly E. Gleason, Lucy J. Carpenter, Mat J. Evans, Michel Legrand, Tomás Sherwen, Susanne Preunkert, Joseph R. McConnell, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (LIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, Climate, Iodide, GEOS-Chem, chemistry.chemical_element, Social Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, Iodine, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Alpine ice core, Ice core, Seawater, Tropospheric ozone, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollutant, tropospheric ozone, Air Pollutants, Multidisciplinary, iodine, Atmosphere, Ice, 15. Life on land, Europe, trend, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Nitrogen oxide, Seasons, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Significance Our measurements show a tripling of iodine in Alpine ice between 1950 and 1990. A 20th century increase in global iodine emissions has been previously found from model simulations, based on laboratory studies, but, up to now, long-term iodine records exist only in polar regions. These polar records are influenced by sea ice processes, which may obscure global iodine trends. Our results suggest that the increased iodine deposition over the Alps is consistent with increased oceanic iodine emissions coupled with a change in the iodine speciation, both driven by increasing anthropogenic NOx emissions. In turn, the recent increase of iodine emissions implies that iodine-related ozone loss in the troposphere is more active now than in the preindustrial period., Iodine is an important nutrient and a significant sink of tropospheric ozone, a climate-forcing gas and air pollutant. Ozone interacts with seawater iodide, leading to volatile inorganic iodine release that likely represents the largest source of atmospheric iodine. Increasing ozone concentrations since the preindustrial period imply that iodine chemistry and its associated ozone destruction is now substantially more active. However, the lack of historical observations of ozone and iodine means that such estimates rely primarily on model calculations. Here we use seasonally resolved records from an Alpine ice core to investigate 20th century changes in atmospheric iodine. After carefully considering possible postdepositional changes in the ice core record, we conclude that iodine deposition over the Alps increased by at least a factor of 3 from 1950 to the 1990s in the summer months, with smaller increases during the winter months. We reproduce these general trends using a chemical transport model and show that they are due to increased oceanic iodine emissions, coupled to a change in iodine speciation over Europe from enhanced nitrogen oxide emissions. The model underestimates the increase in iodine deposition by a factor of 2, however, which may be due to an underestimate in the 20th century ozone increase. Our results suggest that iodine’s impact on the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere accelerated over the 20th century and show a coupling between anthropogenic pollution and the availability of iodine as an essential nutrient to the terrestrial biosphere.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Characterizing Atmospheric Transport Pathways to Antarctica and the Remote Southern Ocean using Radon-222

Author

Ian E. Galbally, Sang-Bum Hong, Alan D. Griffiths, Zoe Loh, Alastair G. Williams, Scott D. Chambers, Jack B Simmons, Paul B. Krummel, Taejin Choi, Ruhi S Humphries, Suzie B. Molloy, Michel Legrand, Jagoda Crawford, Francesca Sprovieri, Hélène Angot, Aurélien Dommergue, Susanne Preunkert, Stephen R. Wilson, Olivier Magand, Rolf Weller, Nicola Pirrone, Laura Tositti, and Chambers S.D., Preunkert S, Weller R, Hong S.-B. , Humphries R.S ., Tositti L., Angot H., Legrand M., Williams A.G., Griffiths A.D., Crawford J., Simmons J., Choi T.J., . Krummel P.B., Molloy S., Loh Z., Galbally I., Wilson S., Magand O., Sprovieri F., Pirrone N. and Dommergue A.

Subjects
Katabatic wind, Radon-222, Antarctica, Planetary Boundary Layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, atmospheric transport, Antarctic ice sheet, chemistry.chemical_element, Radon, MBL, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Southern Ocean, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Polar front, radon, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Trace gas, chemistry, troposphere, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Antarctica, Outflow, lcsh:Q
Abstract

We discuss remote terrestrial influences on boundary layer air over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, and the mechanisms by which they arise, using atmospheric radon observations as a proxy. Our primary motivation was to enhance the scientific community’s ability to understand and quantify the potential effects of pollution, nutrient or pollen transport from distant land masses to these remote, sparsely instrumented regions. Seasonal radon characteristics are discussed at 6 stations (Macquarie Island, King Sejong, Neumayer, Dumont d’Urville, Jang Bogo and Dome Concordia) using 1–4 years of continuous observations. Context is provided for differences observed between these sites by Southern Ocean radon transects between 45 and 67°S made by the Research Vessel Investigator. Synoptic transport of continental air within the marine boundary layer (MBL) dominated radon seasonal cycles in the mid-Southern Ocean site (Macquarie Island). MBL synoptic transport, tropospheric injection, and Antarctic outflow all contributed to the seasonal cycle at the sub-Antarctic site (King Sejong). Tropospheric subsidence and injection events delivered terrestrially influenced air to the Southern Ocean MBL in the vicinity of the circumpolar trough (or “Polar Front”). Katabatic outflow events from Antarctica were observed to modify trace gas and aerosol characteristics of the MBL 100–200 km off the coast. Radon seasonal cycles at coastal Antarctic sites were dominated by a combination of local radon sources in summer and subsidence of terrestrially influenced tropospheric air, whereas those on the Antarctic Plateau were primarily controlled by tropospheric subsidence. Separate characterization of long-term marine and katabatic flow air masses at Dumont d’Urville revealed monthly mean differences in summer of up to 5 ppbv in ozone and 0.3 ng m-3 in gaseous elemental mercury. These differences were largely attributed to chemical processes on the Antarctic Plateau. A comparison of our observations with some Antarctic radon simulations by global climate models over the past two decades indicated that: (i) some models overestimate synoptic transport to Antarctica in the MBL, (ii) the seasonality of the Antarctic ice sheet needs to be better represented in models, (iii) coastal Antarctic radon sources need to be taken into account, and (iv) the underestimation of radon in subsiding tropospheric air needs to be investigated.

Published
2018

12. Large-scale drivers of Caucasus climate variability in meteorological records and Mt El'brus ice cores

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Alexey A. Ekaykin, Anna Kozachek, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Patrick Ginot, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Michel Legrand, Stanislav Kutuzov, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, Borehole, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Ice core, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stable isotope ratio, Bedrock, Paleontology, Snow, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Physical geography, Seasonal cycle, Geology
Abstract

A 181.8 m ice core was recovered from a borehole drilled into bedrock on the western plateau of Mt El'brus (43°20′53.9′′ N, 42°25′36.0′′ E; 5115 m a.s.l.) in the Caucasus, Russia, in 2009 (Mikhalenko et al., 2015). Here, we report on the results of the water stable isotope composition from this ice core with additional data from the shallow cores. The distinct seasonal cycle of the isotopic composition allows dating by annual layer counting. Dating has been performed for the upper 126 m of the deep core combined with 20 m from the shallow cores. The whole record covers 100 years, from 2013 back to 1914. Due to the high accumulation rate (1380 mm w.e. year−1) and limited melting, we obtained isotopic composition and accumulation rate records with seasonal resolution. These values were compared with available meteorological data from 13 weather stations in the region and also with atmosphere circulation indices, back-trajectory calculations, and Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) data in order to decipher the drivers of accumulation and ice core isotopic composition in the Caucasus region. In the warm season (May–October) the isotopic composition depends on local temperatures, but the correlation is not persistent over time, while in the cold season (November–April), atmospheric circulation is the predominant driver of the ice core's isotopic composition. The snow accumulation rate correlates well with the precipitation rate in the region all year round, which made it possible to reconstruct and expand the precipitation record at the Caucasus highlands from 1914 until 1966, when reliable meteorological observations of precipitation at high elevation began.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. Cold, alpine ice bodies revisited: what may we learn from their impurity and isotope content?

Author

Pascal Bohleber, Dietmar Wagenbach, and Susanne Preunkert

Subjects
Isotope thermometry, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Alpine ice cores, Depositional noise, Earth science, Geography, Planning and Development, Geology, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Impurity, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In the European Alps, ice core studies have been mainly performed in view of the recent man‐made influence on the atmospheric load of aerosol‐related species, while respective investigations on the...

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Characterization of the boundary layer at Dome C (East Antarctica) during the OPALE summer campaign

Author

Hélène Barral, Etienne Vignon, Susanne Preunkert, Ilaria Pietroni, Markus M. Frey, Stefania Argentini, Christophe Genthon, Giampietro Casasanta, Michel Legrand, Bruno Jourdain, Hubert Gallée, Charles Amory, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SODAR, Albedo, Atmospheric sciences, Snow, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Geophysics, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, Boundary layer, Dome (geology), lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, 0103 physical sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Climate model, Geology, Sea level, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional) was run for the region of Dome C located on the East Antarctic plateau, during Antarctic summer 2011–2012, in order to refine our understanding of meteorological conditions during the OPALE tropospheric chemistry campaign. A very high vertical resolution is set up in the lower troposphere, with a grid spacing of roughly 2 m. Model output is compared with temperatures and winds observed near the surface and from a 45 m high tower as well as sodar and radiation data. MAR is generally in very good agreement with the observations, but sometimes underestimates cloud formation, leading to an underestimation of the simulated downward long-wave radiation. Absorbed short-wave radiation may also be slightly overestimated due to an underestimation of the snow albedo, and this influences the surface energy budget and atmospheric turbulence. Nevertheless, the model provides sufficiently reliable information about surface turbulent fluxes, vertical profiles of vertical diffusion coefficients and boundary layer height when discussing the representativeness of chemical measurements made nearby the ground surface during field campaigns conducted at Concordia station located at Dome C (3233 m above sea level).

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Formaldehyde (HCHO) in air, snow and interstitial air at Concordia (East Antarctic plateau) in summer

Author

Alexandre Kukui, Detlev Helmig, Hubert Gallée, Markus M. Frey, Joel Savarino, Martin D. King, Bruno Jourdain, William Vicars, Susanne Preunkert, Michel Legrand, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Physics [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Birmingham City University (BCU), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Institut Polaire Français- Paul Emile Victor (IPEV), ANR-09-BLAN-0226,OPALE,Oxidant Production over Antarctica Land and its Export(2009), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), ANR-09-BLAN-0226,OPALE(2009), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Formaldehyde, 010501 environmental sciences, Snowpack, Noon, Snow, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, Anaerobic oxidation of methane, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mixing ratio, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; During the 2011/12 and 2012/13 austral summers , HCHO was investigated for the first time in ambient air, snow, and interstitial air at the Concordia site, located near Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau, by deploying an Aerolaser AL-4021 analyzer. Snow emission fluxes were estimated from vertical gradients of mixing ratios observed at 1 cm and 1 m above the snow surface as well as in interstitial air a few centimeters below the surface and in air just above the snowpack. Typical flux values range between 1 and 2 × 1012 molecules m-2 s-1 at night and 3 and 5 × 1012 molecules m-2 s-1 at noon. Shading experiments suggest that the photochemical HCHO production in the snowpack at Concordia remains negligible compared to temperature-driven air–snow exchanges. At 1 m above the snow surface, the observed mean mixing ratio of 130 pptv and its diurnal cycle characterized by a slight decrease around noon are quite well reproduced by 1-D simulations that include snow emissions and gas-phase methane oxidation chemistry. Simulations indicate that the gas-phase production from CH4 oxidation largely contributes (66 %) to the observed HCHO mixing ratios. In addition, HCHO snow emissions account for ∼ 30 % at night and ∼ 10 % at noon to the observed HCHO levels.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Oxidant Production over Antarctic Land and its Export (OPALE) project: An overview of the 2010-2011 summer campaign

Author

Gérard Ancellet, Valérie Gros, Michel Legrand, Alexandre Kukui, Bruno Jourdain, Michael Kerbrat, Susanne Preunkert, and Roland Sarda-Esteve

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Marine boundary layer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, High ozone, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Chemical measurement, Paleontology, Forestry, East antarctica, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

[1] This paper summarizes the objectives and setting of the OPALE (Oxidant Production over Antarctic Land and its Export) project during summer 2010/2011 at Dumont d'Urville. The primary goal of the campaign is to characterize the oxidizing environment of the atmospheric boundary layer along the coast of East Antarctica. A summary of the relevant field chemical measurements is presented including the carbon monoxide and ammonia records that are used here to identify local influences due to station activities and penguin emissions. An overview of the basic meteorological conditions experienced by the site is presented including the results from the trajectory/dispersion model FLEXPART to highlight which types of air mass were sampled (marine boundary layer versus continental Antarctic air). The results of the FLEXPART analysis demonstrate that high ozone levels and related changes in the OH concentrations are associated with the transport of continental air to DDU. Finally, three companion papers are introduced. A first paper is dedicated to the impact of local penguin emissions on the atmospheric budget of several oxygenated volatile organic compounds. The second paper reports on HONO levels that were measured for the first time in Antarctica by using the long path absorption photometer (LOPAP) technique. Finally, in a third paper, major findings on the HOx levels are detailed, leading to the overall conclusion that the photochemistry at coastal East Antarctica is strongly driven by an efficient HOx chemistry compared to the situation at other coastal Antarctic regions.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. A reassessment of the budget of formic and acetic acids in the boundary layer at Dumont d'Urville (coastal Antarctica): The role of penguin emissions on the budget of several oxygenated volatile organic compounds

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Guillaume Pépy, Roland Sarda-Esteve, Bruno Jourdain, Michel Legrand, Anne-Mathilde Thierry, and Valérie Gros

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Formic acid, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Oxalate, Acetic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ammonia, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Acetone, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Acetaldehyde, Paleontology, Forestry, Decomposition, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental chemistry, Guano, Environmental science
Abstract

[1] Initiated in 1997, the year-round study of formic and acetic acids was maintained until 2011 at the coastal Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville. The records show that formic and acetic acids are rather abundant in summer with typical mixing ratios of 200 pptv and 700 pptv, respectively. With the aim to constrain their budget, investigations of their potential marine precursors like short-chain alkenes and acetaldehyde were initiated in 2011. Acetic acid levels in December 2010 were four times higher than those observed over summers back to 1997. These unusually high levels were accompanied by unusually high levels of ammonia, and by an enrichment of oxalate in aerosols. These observations suggest that the guano decomposition in the large penguin colonies present at the site was particularly strong under weather conditions encountered in spring 2010 (important snow storms followed by sunny days with mild temperatures). Although being dependent on environmental conditions, this process greatly impacts the local atmospheric budget of acetic acid, acetaldehyde, and acetone during the entire summer season. Present at levels as high as 500 pptv, acetaldehyde may represent the major precursor of acetic acid, alkene-ozone reactions remaining insignificant sources. Far less influenced by penguin emissions, the budget of formic acid remains not fully understood even if alkene-ozone reactions contribute significantly.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. SNOSP: Ion deposition and concentration in high alpine snow packs

Author

Wilfried Winiwarter, F. Pichlmayer, V. Trockner, F. Maupetit, A. Kasper, Helga Kromp-Kolb, Wolfgang Schöner, Ulrike Nickus, A. Novo, G. C. Rossi, R. Delmas, Hans Puxbaum, Heinz W. Gäggeler, Dietmar Wagenbach, Margit Schwikowski, M. Staudinger, Michael Kuhn, Susanne Preunkert, Petra Seibert, and Urs Baltensperger

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Glacier, 010501 environmental sciences, Seasonality, Snowpack, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, Snow, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Climatology, Spring (hydrology), medicine, Environmental science, Precipitation, Sulfate, Deposition (chemistry), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The present paper summarizes the results of SNOSP, a snow sampling program carried out in the Alps in the years from 1991 to 1993 in order to study the chemical composition of the high alpine snow pack. The paper briefly describes the sampling sites and the procedures used, focussing then on the geographical, seasonal and year to year variation of the mean concentration and total deposition of eight major ions, viz., chloride, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. NH 4 + , NO 3 − and SO 4 = concentrations in spring snow are higher by a factor of two to three than in winter snow since the lower tropospheric convection is confined to the valleys in winter and extends beyond glacier altitudes in spring. This underlines the importance of local and regional versus long range transport of contamination to the high elevated sites. The Ca ++ deposition occurs in single events (e.g., dust input from the Sahara) with a slightly higher incidence in spring that is consistent with the annual course of atmospheric circulation patterns. Most ionic species display a west to east increase of concentration by about one third. The prevailing precipitation patterns have opposite gradients so that total ionic load of the respective snowpack has no regional preference. The seasonal contrast as expressed by ratios of spring to winter concentrations of NH 4 + , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− is stronger in the west than in the east, and the east to west contrast is greater in winter than in spring. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.49.issue1.4.x

Published
2011

19. Particulate carbon in precipitation at European background sites

Author

Joana Afonso, Mário Cerqueira, Casimiro Pio, Paulo Fialho, Hans Puxbaum, Michel Legrand, Susanne Preunkert, Anne Kasper-Giebl, András Gelencsér, Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, CHANG (CHANG), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Veszprém], University of Pannonia, Department of Agrarian Sciences, University of Azores, European Project, CHANG, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of the Azores

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, Precipitation, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Sulfate, Scavenging, Organic carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Total organic carbon, Scavenging Ratios, Wet Deposition, Mechanical Engineering, Scavenging ratios, Organic Deposition, Particulates, Pollution, Aerosol, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Elemental Carbon, Wet deposition, Background atmosphere, Environmental science, Particulate Matter, Elemental carbon, Particulate matter, Carbon
Abstract

The particulate carbon content of precipitation was investigated in samples collected at five background sites located over a west-east European transect, from the Azores, in the mid-Atlantic Ocean, to the Hungarian plain, in central Europe. Sampling was performed on an event basis and the particulate carbon (elemental carbon, EC, and water insoluble organic carbon, WIOC) content was concentrated on quartz filters for the subsequent analysis by a thermal optical method in order to separate the EC and WIOC fractions. The average EC concentrations range from low values at the Azores (2.8±4.3 μg C L−1) and at the high mountain site of Sonnblick (5.2±3.7 μg C L−1) to high values at the more inland sites of Schauinsland (28±38 μg C L−1) and K-Puszta (24±24 μg C L−1). The average WIOC concentrations range from 98±56 μg C L−1 at the coastal site of Aveiro and 113±78 μg C L−1 at the Azores to 358±194 μg C L−1 at the continental site of K-Puszta. These results are discussed in terms of factors affecting the spatial distribution of particulate carbon, such as emissions from surrounding areas and prevalent meteorological conditions. EC is found to be a minor contributor to total particulate carbon present in rain and snow samples (from 2.5% to 15%). This is particularly true at the remotes sites, where the EC contribution to total particulate carbon is

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Year-round record of size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia station): Implications for the degree of fractionation of sea-salt particles

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Hélène Castebrunet, Roberto Udisti, Bruno Jourdain, Michel Legrand, O. Cerri, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Florence (UNIFI), and Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff'

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Central Antarctica, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sea ice, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 14. Life underwater, Sulfate, sea-salt fractionation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, Ecology, Sea salt, Paleontology, Forestry, Snow, size segregated aerosol, Aerosol, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Seawater, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The origin of sea-salt aerosol that reaches the high Antarctic plateau and is trapped in snow and ice cores remains still unclear. In particular, the respective role of emissions from the open ocean versus those from the sea-ice surface is not yet quantified. To progress on this question, the composition of bulk and size-segregated aerosol was studied in 2006 at the Concordia station (75°S, 123°E) located on the high Antarctic plateau. A depletion of sulfate relative to sodium with respect to the seawater composition is observed on sea-salt aerosol reaching Concordia from April to September. That suggests that in winter, when the sea-salt atmospheric load reaches a maximum, emissions from the sea-ice surface significantly contribute to the sea-salt budget of inland Antarctica. Citation: Jourdain, B., S. Preunkert, O. Cerri, H. Castebrunet, R. Udisti, and M. Legrand (2008), Year-round record of size-segregated aerosol composition in central Antarctica (Concordia station): Implications for the degree of fractionation of sea-salt particles

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Seasonality of sulfur species (dimethyl sulfide, sulfate, and methanesulfonate) in Antarctica: Inland versus coastal regions

Author

Michel Legrand, Silvia Becagli, Bruno Jourdain, Roberto Udisti, O. Cerri, Susanne Preunkert, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Florence (UNIFI)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, sulfur cycle, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, Mixing ratio, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, DMS, fungi, Paleontology, Sulfur cycle, Forestry, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Sulfur, Aerosol, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Dimethyl sulfide, Geology
Abstract

International audience; To gain a better understanding of sulfate and methanesulfonate (MS−) signals recorded in central Antarctic ice cores in terms of past atmospheric changes, an atmospheric year-round study of these aerosols was performed in 2006 at the Concordia station (75°S, 123°E) located on the high Antarctic plateau. In addition, a year-round study of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), the gaseous precursor of sulfur aerosol, was conducted in 2007. The DMS mixing ratio remains below 1 pptv from October to January and exhibits a maximum of 10 pptv during the first half of winter (from April to July). Surprisingly, the well-marked maximum of sulfur aerosol recorded in January at coastal Antarctic sites is observed at Concordia for sulfate but not for MS− which peaks before and after sulfate in November and March, respectively. This first study of DMS and of its by-oxidation aerosol species conducted at inland Antarctica points out the complex coupling between transport and photochemistry of sulfur species over Antarctica. The findings highlight the complexity of the link between MS− ice core records extracted at high Antarctic plateau sites and DMS emissions from the Southern ocean.

Published
2008
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Origin of C2–C5dicarboxylic acids in the European atmosphere inferred from year-round aerosol study conducted at a west-east transect

Author

András Gelencsér, Samuel Hammer, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Tiago S. Oliveira, Susanne Preunkert, Paolo Laj, Michel Legrand, Casimiro Pio, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), EU, contract EVK2 CT2001-00113., Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, European atmosphere, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Troposphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Abundance (ecology), Phytoplankton, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Transect, Relative species abundance, organic aerosol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Total organic carbon, Ecology, dicarboxylates, Paleontology, Forestry, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract

International audience; An atmospheric study of C2–C5 dicarboxylic acids was conducted over two years at seven sites located from the Azores to eastern continental European sites. The lowest concentrations of total C2–C5 diacids are observed at the Azores (Portugal) and at 4360 m elevation in the Alps (∼50 ng m−3), and the highest (400 ng m−3) are observed at the rural K-puszta site (Hungary). Quasi-absent at surface sites, the seasonal cycle of total diacids is characterized by a pronounced summer maximum at elevated sites, the highest summer level (510 ng m−3) being observed at the forested mountain site of Schauinsland (Germany). Whatever site and season, oxalic acid is always the most abundant diacid with a relative abundance higher than 60%. The climatology of C2–C5 diacids in Europe is discussed versus environmental conditions at sites (marine/continental, rural/forested, boundary layer/free troposphere, and winter/summer). Observations are used to discuss the possible sources of C2–C5 diacids, with special emphasis on their primary versus secondary and natural versus anthropogenic origin. At surface sites in winter, fast secondary productions in wood burning plumes in addition to secondary production from volatile organic carbon (VOC) species emitted by vehicles seem to be important contributors. In summer the impact of anthropogenic sources is weakened and biogenic emissions from vegetation (unsaturated fatty acids, isoprene, oxygenated VOCs, and eventually monoterpenes) likely represent major precursors of diacids. At the Azores, diacids are not only related to long-range transport from continents but also to marine biogenic emissions from phytoplankton, particularly in summer.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Determination of water and alkaline extractable atmospheric humic-like substances with the TU Vienna HULIS analyzer in samples from six background sites in Europe

Author

András Gelencsér, Markus Handler, Hans Puxbaum, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Susanne Preunkert, Andreas Limbeck, T. Feczko, Michel Legrand, Casimiro Pio, Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CARBOSOL project, funded by EU, contract EVK2-CT-2001-00113., Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Matrix (chemical analysis), Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Transect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Total organic carbon, Ecology, Chemistry, Paleontology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Quantitative determination, Aerosol, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Physical geography
Abstract

International audience; With a newly developed method based on the combination of two separation steps (by polarity and by acidity) with a universal detector for organic carbon, efficient isolation of humic-like substances (HULIS) from the matrix and quantitative determination of the isolated organic carbon is achieved. This new method was applied to determine the water extractable (HULISWS) and, in sequence, the 0.1 M NaOH alkaline extractable HULIS (HULISAS) fractions in aerosol from six sites situated at a transect from west to east across Europe. The sum of the two HULIS fractions is here defined as total HULIS (HULIST). The lowest 12-month average concentrations of HULIST ranged from 0.075 μgC/m3 the Azores (Portugal) to 1.7 μgC/m3 at the continental background site K-puszta (Hungary). On the continent, the HULIST concentration decreases exponentially with elevation. The relative amounts of water extractable and alkaline soluble HULIS were relatively similar at the six sites. Dramatic differences were observed for the seasonal variations of the HULIS fractions at the different sites. At the Azores, as well as at the higher mountain sites (1450 and 3100 m), a summer maximum of the HULIST concentration was observed, while at the continental low-level sites (Aveiro and K-puszta), winter maxima dominated the seasonal variation. The summer/winter ratio of the HULIST concentration varied from 7.1 at Sonnblick to 0.36 at Aveiro. The seasonal variation at the two continental lower-level sites with winter maxima might be explained by overlapping of a weaker summer source and a stronger winter source.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

24. Seasonal trends and possible sources of brown carbon based on 2-year aerosol measurements at six sites in Europe

Author

Samuel Hammer, Casimiro Pio, David Simpson, Hajnalka Lukács, Andreas Limbeck, Susanne Preunkert, Markus Handler, Michel Legrand, Hans Puxbaum, András Gelencsér, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre–West, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], EU, contract EVK2 CT2001-00113, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Norwegian Meteorological Institute

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Brown carbon, Biomass burning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Smoke, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Levoglucosan, Paleontology, Forestry, biomass burning aerosol, HULIS, Atmospheric research, Aerosol, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Climatology, brown carbon, Environmental science, Carbon
Abstract

International audience; Brown carbon is a ubiquitous and unidentified component of organic aerosol which has recently come into the forefront of atmospheric research. This component is strongly linked to the class of humic-like substances (HULIS) in aerosol whose ultimate origin is still being debated. Using a simplified spectroscopic method the concentrations of brown carbon have been determined in aqueous extracts of fine aerosol collected during the CARBOSOL project. On the basis of the results of 2-year measurements of several aerosol constituents at six European sites, possible sources of brown carbon are inferred. Biomass burning (possibly domestic wood burning) is shown to be a major source of brown carbon in winter. At elevated sites in spring, smoke from agricultural fires may be an additional source. Direct comparison of measured brown carbon concentrations with HULIS determined by an independent method reveals that the two quantities correlate well at low-elevation sites throughout the year. At high-elevation sites the correlation is still high for winter but becomes markedly lower in summer, implying different sources and/or atmospheric sinks of brown carbon and HULIS. The results shed some light on the relationships between atmospheric brown carbon and HULIS, two ill-defined and overlapping components of organic aerosol.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Levoglucosan levels at background sites in Europe for assessing the impact of biomass combustion on the European aerosol background

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Asunción Sánchez-Ochoa, Michel Legrand, Hans Puxbaum, Magda Claeys, Casimiro Pio, Alexandre Caseiro, Anne Kasper-Giebl, András Gelencsér, Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, CARBOSOL project, EU contract EVK2-CT-2001-00113, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, wood smoke aerosol, Soil Science, Biomass smoke, Wood smoke, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Organic matter, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, biomass combustion, Transect, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Levoglucosan, Paleontology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Aerosol, Geophysics, levoglucosan, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Biomass combustion, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract

International audience; Atmospheric levoglucosan has been determined as a proxy for “biomass smoke” in samples from six background stations on a west–east transect extending from the Atlantic (Azores) to the mid-European background site KPZ (K-Puszta, Hungary). Concentration levels of levoglucosan (biannual averages) in the west–east transect range from 0.005 μg/m3 at the oceanic background site AZO (Azores) to 0.52 μg/m3 at AVE (Aveiro, Portugal). The atmospheric concentration of “biomass smoke” (biannual averages) was derived from the levoglucosan data with wood-type-specific conversion factors. Annual averages of wood smoke levels ranged from 0.05 μg/m3 at AZO to 4.3 μg/m3 at AVE. Winter (DJF) averages at the low-level sites AVE and KPZ were 10.8 and 6.7 μg/m3, respectively. Relative contributions of biomass smoke to organic matter (OM) range from around 9–11% at the elevated sites SIL, PDD and SBO, as well as for AZO, to 36% at the low-level site AVE and 28% at KPZ. Surprisingly high relative concentrations of biomass smoke in OM (68 and 47%) were observed for wintry conditions at the continental low-level CARBOSOL sites AVE and KPZ. Thus biomass smoke is a very important constituent of the organic material in the mid and west European background with summer contributions to organic matter of around 1–6% and winter levels of around 20% at the elevated mountain sites and 47–68% at rural flat terrain sites, not including secondary organic aerosol from biomass combustion sources.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Interannual variability of dimethylsulfide in air and seawater and its atmospheric oxidation by-products (methanesulfonate and sulfate) at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica (1999–2003)

Author

Toru Hirawake, Michel Legrand, Mitsuo Fukuchi, Sauveur Belviso, Susanne Preunkert, Bruno Jourdain, Cyril Moulin, Nobue Kasamatsu, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Chlorophyll a, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Methanesulfonic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Geochemistry and Petrology, sulfur cycle, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sulfate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Sea salt, Paleontology, Sulfur cycle, Forestry, Geophysics, SeaWiFS, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Antarctica, Dimethyl sulfide, Seawater, dimethylsulfure
Abstract

International audience; A multiple year-round study of atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (from December 1998 to April 2003) as well as sulfur-derived aerosols (methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate) (from March 1991 to February 2003) was conducted at Dumont d'Urville, coastal Antarctica. The three sulfur-derived species exhibit a seasonal cycle characterized by maxima in midsummer (January). Whereas the interannual variability of winter levels remains low, a strong interannual variability is shown in summer, particularly for DMS and MSA, and to a lesser extent for non-sea-salt sulfate. Over the 1998–2003 time period, January 2002 stands out with high values for all sulfur species. These interannual variabilities of atmospheric summer levels are examined in the light of seawater chlorophyll a content derived from Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data (themselves compared to field measurements made south of 60°S), oceanic DMS levels estimated from chlorophyll a SeaWiFS data, and various sea-ice indices.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Major 20th century changes of carbonaceous aerosol components (EC, WinOC, DOC, HULIS, carboxylic acids, and cellulose) derived from Alpine ice cores

Author

Joana Afonso, Michel Legrand, Susanne Preunkert, András Gelencsér, I. Dombrowski-Etchevers, M. Schock, Casimiro Pio, Anne Kasper-Giebl, Mário Cerqueira, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Department of Environment and Planning, Universidade de Aveiro, Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia, EU, contract EVK2 CT2001-00113, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alpine ice core, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), anthropogenic trends, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Cellulose, organic aerosol, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Total organic carbon, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Levoglucosan, Paleontology, Forestry, Glacier, Snow, Aerosol, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; An extended array of carbonaceous species including elemental carbon (EC), water insoluble organic carbon (WinOC) as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humic-like substances (HULIS), and single organic compounds like carboxylic acids, levoglucosan, and cellulose was investigated for the first time in Alpine snow deposits. These investigations were done on selected discrete ice cores sections extracted from Mount Rosa and Mount Blanc glaciers covering the 20th century and extending back to previous centuries. Here we focus on major changes in summer ice layers. Among carbonaceous components, EC reveals an outstanding increase with a sharp summer increase after World War II. This result is discussed against available past EC emission inventories in Europe which are thought to be mainly driven by emissions from road transport and residential sector. The long-term trend of organic carbon (OC) aerosol preserved in ice, WinOC as well as water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), was successfully reconstructed using the suitable array of organic compounds we investigated in this study. It is shown that the level of OC preserved in ice has increased by a factor of 2 after 1950 likely as a result of the enhancement of the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere over the last decades producing more secondary organic atmospheric aerosol from biogenic gaseous precursors.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Acidic gases (HCOOH, CH3COOH, HNO3, HCl, and SO2) and related aerosol species at a high mountain Alpine site (4360 m elevation) in Europe

Author

Michel Legrand, I. Dombrowski-Etchevers, Benjamin Jourdain, Susanne Preunkert, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EU CARBOSOL project (contract EVK2 CT2001-00113), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, acidic gases, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, monocarboxylic acids, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, free troposphere, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Sulfate aerosol, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sulfate, Sulfur dioxide, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Aerosol, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; During a field campaign performed at 4360 m elevation in the French Alps in summer 2004, atmospheric levels of acidic gases (HCOOH, CH3COOH, HNO3, HCl, and SO2) and related aerosol species were investigated using mist chamber and denuder tube samplings. Sulfate aerosol levels greatly exceeded those of gaseous SO2. Conversely, chloride, nitrate and particularly monocarboxylates were much more present in the gas phase than in the aerosol phase. On a molar basis, formic and acetic acids are the most abundant acidic gases (∼14 nmol m−3 STP), followed by nitric acid (7 nmol m−3 STP), hydrochloric acid (1.7 nmol m−3 STP) and sulfur dioxide (0.8 nmol m−3 STP). These data gained in the free troposphere over Europe in summer are discussed and compared to those obtained during aircraft missions conducted over North America and the northwest Pacific near China. It is concluded that the concentrations of acidic gases and related aerosol species are quite similar in the free troposphere in summer over Europe and North America. Concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen species in the free troposphere are lower over Europe (and North America) than over the Pacific region located near China (a factor 5 and 2, respectively). Finally, measurements achieved in this study tend to indicate that secondary production is important for the atmospheric budget of carboxylic acids.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Modeling historical long-term trends of sulfate, ammonium, and elemental carbon over Europe: A comparison with ice core records in the Alps

Author

Mário Cerqueira, Vigdis Vestreng, Michel Legrand, Hilde Fagerli, David Simpson, Susanne Preunkert, Research and Development Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro, European Commission's Fifth Framework Program in the form of the CARBOSOL Project (contract EVK2-2001-00067), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ammonium sulfate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical transport model, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Trend surface analysis, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Sulfate, Sea level, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Physical geography, Quaternary
Abstract

International audience; The regional EMEP chemical transport model has been run for the 1920–2003 period and the simulations compared to the long-term seasonally resolved trends of major inorganic aerosols (sulfate and ammonium) derived from ice cores extracted at Col du Dôme (CDD, 4250 m above sea level, French Alps). Source-receptor calculations have been performed in order to allocate the sources of air pollution arriving over the Alps. Spain, Italy, France, and Germany are found to be the main contributors at CDD in summer, accounting for 50% of sulfate and 75% of ammonium. In winter more European wide and trans-Atlantic contributions are found. The relative impact of these sources remains similar over the whole Alpine massif although transport from US and emissions from Spain contribute less as we move eastward from CDD, toward other alpine ice core drill sites like Colle Gnifetti (CG) in the Swiss Alps. For sulfate, the CDD ice core records and the simulated trends match very well. For ammonium, the trend simulated by the model and the summer ice core record are in reasonable agreement, both showing greater changes in ammonium concentrations than would be suggested by historical ammonia emissions. Motivated by a such good agreement between simulations of past atmospheric concentrations and ice core records for inorganic aerosol species, we also use the model to simulate trends in elemental carbon for which less information on past emission inventories are available.

Published
2007
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Seasonally resolved Alpine and Greenland ice core records of anthropogenic HCl emissions over the 20th century

Author

Dietmar Wagenbach, Susanne Preunkert, Michel Legrand, and Hubertus Fischer

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric Science, food.ingredient, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, media_common.quotation_subject, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, food, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Ecology, biology, Sea salt, Paleontology, Forestry, Particulates, Snow, biology.organism_classification, Sea spray, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Groenlandia, Physical geography
Abstract

[1] The continuous highly resolved records of Cl−, Na+, and Ca2+ in ice cores from Col du Dome (4250 m elevation, French Alps) and Summit (3240 m elevation, central Greenland) are used to reconstruct the history of atmospheric HCl pollution over Europe and Greenland since the early 20th century. The evaluation of the HCl amount in summer snow deposits at high-elevation Alpine sites is complex since continental emissions (soils, halide evaporites, and possibly manure-fertilized fields) account for 80% of the chloride budget and only one fifth of Cl− is related to HCl. During the preindustrial era the HCl content of summer Alpine snow layers fluctuated between 0 and 6 ng g−1, likely in relation with a highly variable interannual biomass burning activity in western Europe. From 1925 to 1960 the HCl levels were slightly higher (3–9 ng g−1), mainly due to growing coal burning emissions in western Europe. In the late 1960s a sharp increase of HCl levels (up to 17 ng g−1) took place as a result of the setup of waste incineration in western Europe, this process contributing 3–4 times more than coal combustion to the HCl budget of summer Alpine snow layers deposited between 1970 and 1990. In winter, sea spray emissions dominate (∼78%) the total Cl− level of Alpine snow layers. The HCl trend in these snow layers remained limited to ∼2 ng g−1 over the 20th century, likely in relation to waste incineration after 1965. In Greenland snow layers most of particulate Cl− originates from sea spray, 1/3 to 2/3 of Cl− being present as HCl in spring and summer, respectively. The Greenland HCl ice core records indicate a preindustrial HCl level close to 4 ng g−1, which is found to be mainly due to the sea-salt dechlorination, while the contribution of passive volcanic HCl emissions at high northern latitudes can be neglected. The input from sea-salt dechlorination has been enhanced by a factor of 2–3 during the second half of the 20th century similarly to the increase of the atmospheric acidity in response to growing NOx and SO2 anthropogenic emissions.

Published
2002
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Col du Dôme (Mt Blanc Massif, French Alps) suitability for ice-core studies in relation with past atmospheric chemistry over Europe

Author

Susanne Preunkert, Michel Legrand, Christian Vincent, and Dietmar Wagenbach

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Firn, Glacier, Massif, 010501 environmental sciences, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Dome (geology), Oceanography, Ice core, medicine, Precipitation, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The site of Col du Dome glacier, located at 4250 m a.s.l. nearby the Mont Blanc summit (French Alps), was investigated for its suitability for reconstructing the anthropogenic perturbation of the atmosphere chemistry over Europe via glacio-chemical ice core studies. For this purpose, a 126 m long ice core drilled close to bedrock has been dedicated for glacio-chemical studies. Major ions (Na + , NH 4 + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl − ,>NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− ) and D/H isotope ratios have been measured with high seasonal resolution along the upper 60 m of this core (covering 13 years). For dating by annual layer counting, a highly resolved ammonium profile was obtained for the entire core. To assess the spatial representativity of the chemical signals obtained from this core, additional chemical profiles were obtained from two shallow firn cores (13 and 20 m long) drilled at about 100 m from the deep ice core. All ice core parameters show regular seasonal variations with low winter and high summer values. Mean summer to winter ratios (averaged over the period 1981 to 1994) are close to 4 for NO 3 − , SO 4 2− and Ca 2+ , but reach 14 for NH 4 + . While the shape of the mean seasonal cycles of NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− show a flat winter minimum followed by persistently high summer concentrations, more flickered variations are observed in the case of Ca 2+ . In contrast to the chemical species, δD shows a smoothed seasonal cycle. The chemical impurity levels and the δD content in snow deposits from Col du Dome have been compared with those from Colle Gnifetti (4450 m a.s.l., located in the Swiss Alps, 80 km east of Col du Dome) over a time period of 10 years. This comparison suggests that the two sites may experience similar atmospheric pollution conditions throughout the whole year, at least for NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and SO 4 2− . Precise dating of the ice core drilled in 1994 was achieved by annual layer counting using the NH 4 + stratigraphy. The latter reveals that the glacier of Col du Dome records well preserved snow deposits, arising from summer as well as from winter precipitation, over, at least, the last 75 years. However, the seasonal signal of the δD content appears to be disturbed at increasing depth, in particular below of 115 m. A systematic decrease in the ratio of the winter to summer net snow accumulation found with increasing depth is shown to exert an important influence on mean temporal ice core trends for parameters underlying a strong seasonal variation. The comparison of chemical impurities between Col du Dome and Colle Gnifetti indicates that glacio-chemical ice core records from Col du Dome will provide seasonally resolved records over the 20th century which are at least representative on a regional scale. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.d01-8.x

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. Boreal fire records in Northern Hemisphere ice cores: a review

Author

Nathan Chellman, Joseph R. McConnell, Simon Schüpbach, P. Place, Mike D. Flannigan, Eric W. Wolff, Olivia J. Maselli, Daiana Leuenberger, Hubertus Fischer, Susanne Preunkert, Monica M. Arienzo, Michel Legrand, and Michael Sigl

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, sub-01, Greenland ice sheet, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Ice core, Cryosphere, lcsh:TD169-171.8, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Levoglucosan, Paleontology, Glacier, 15. Life on land, Ice-sheet model, Boreal, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Environmental science, Physical geography
Abstract

Here, we review different attempts made since the early 1990s to reconstruct past forest fire activity using chemical signals recorded in ice cores extracted from the Greenland ice sheet and a few mid-northern latitude, high-elevation glaciers. We first examined the quality of various inorganic (ammonium, nitrate, potassium) and organic (black carbon, various organic carbon compounds including levoglucosan and numerous carboxylic acids) species proposed as fire proxies in ice, particularly in Greenland. We discuss limitations in their use during recent vs. pre-industrial times, atmospheric lifetimes, and the relative importance of other non-biomass-burning sources. Different high-resolution records from several Greenland drill sites and covering various timescales, including the last century and Holocene, are discussed. We explore the extent to which atmospheric transport can modulate the record of boreal fires from Canada as recorded in Greenland ice. Ammonium, organic fractions (black and organic carbon), and specific organic compounds such as formate and vanillic acid are found to be good proxies for tracing past boreal fires in Greenland ice. We show that use of other species – potassium, nitrate, and carboxylates (except formate) – is complicated by either post-depositional effects or existence of large non-biomass-burning sources. The quality of levoglucosan with respect to other proxies is not addressed here because of a lack of high-resolution profiles for this species, preventing a fair comparison. Several Greenland ice records of ammonium consistently indicate changing fire activity in Canada in response to past climatic conditions that occurred during the last millennium and since the last large climatic transition. Based on this review, we make recommendations for further study to increase reliability of the reconstructed history of forest fires occurring in a given region.

Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results