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Within the scope of the evaluation and optimization of a grinding circuit, the breakage and mineral liberation characteristics of three low grade sulphide gold ore blends have been investigated by Bond tests, batch grinding tests, and mineral liberation characterization. The tests were conducted in a size range from 0.063 to 2 mm. It was found that the breakage of all blends follows a first-order behaviour for all feed sizes. The work index was correlated with the quartz content and the breakage rate deceleration parameter, which both showed a linear relationship. The correlation between breakage function fineness parameter and first-order rate constant also satisfied a linear relationship .The breakage parameters established from batch grinding and grindability studies indicate differences in the breakage behaviour of the three ore blends. However, the mineral liberation properties of the valuable phase in three blends show minor differences.

Im Gemengesilo eines Glaswerks kann es aufgrund von Zeitverfestigung zu Anbackungen von Material kommen. Diese meist im Wand- und Austragsbereich auftretenden Verfestigungen beeintrachtigen die Fliesfahigkeit des Gemenges und die Produktqualitat. Begunstigt wird die Bildung von Anbackungen insbesondere durch den Einsatz von Soda bei gleichzeitig hohem Feuchtegehalt. Der Einfluss des Mischprozesses auf die Zeitverfestigung eines Standardgemenges fur Behalterglas wurde mit Scherversuchen untersucht. In the batch silo of glass production, caking of material may occur due to time consolidation. These consolidations mostly grow near the wall and the discharge area and impair the flowability of the batch and the product quality. Caking is favored in particular by using sodium carbonate in combination with a high moisture content. The impact of the mixing procedure on the time consolidation of a standard glass batch of container glass was investigated using shear tests.

In the comminution of heterogeneous bulk mixtures, the comminution behavior of the individual components plays a major role. The present study discusses the linkage between breakage of single ore components and their influence to the breakage characteristics of a defined bulk mixture. Thus, five components were identified from a heterogeneous gold ore material from Buzwagi Gold Mine in Tanzania by washing and manual sorting. The components were characterized in terms of particle size by sieving and composition by XRD. The breakage properties were determined by standard Bond test, batch grinding, and single particle tests. The breakage characteristics were linked to the composition of the components and the bulk sample. The study reveals differences in breakage behaviour of the components as well as their influence in the breakage characteristics of a heterogeneous bulk mixture.

The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is becoming increasingly important with regard to environmental, economic, geostrategic, and health aspects due to the increasing amount of LIB produced, introduced into the market, and being spent in the following years. The recycling itself becomes a challenge to face on one hand the special aspects of LIB-technology and on the other hand to reply to the idea of circular economy. In this paper, we analyze the different recycling concepts for spent LIBs and categorize them according to state-of-the-art schemes of waste treatment technology. Therefore, we structure the different processes into process stages and unit processes. Several recycling technologies are treating spent lithium-ion batteries worldwide focusing on one or several process stages or unit processes.