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18 results on '"Véronique Yoboué"'

1. African anthropogenic emissions inventory for gases and particles from 1990 to 2015

Author

Véronique Yoboué, Sekou Keita, Claire Granier, Sylvain Gnamien, Thierno Doumbia, N. Elguindi, E. Assamoi, Catherine Liousse, Evelyne Touré N'Datchoh, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Korhogo BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Truck, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Power station, 020209 energy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 12. Responsible consumption, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, GE1-350, Emission inventory, Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, QE1-996.5, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Geology, Environmental sciences, 13. Climate action, Biofuel, visual_art, Fuel efficiency, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

There are very few African regional inventories providing biofuel and fossil fuel emissions. Within the framework of the DACCIWA project, we have developed an African regional anthropogenic emission inventory including the main African polluting sources (wood and charcoal burning, charcoal making, trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles, open waste burning, and flaring). To this end, a database on fuel consumption and emission factors specific to Africa was established using the most recent measurements. New spatial proxies (road network, power plant geographical coordinates) were used to convert national emissions into gridded inventories at a 0.1∘ × 0.1∘ spatial resolution. This inventory includes carbonaceous particles (black and organic carbon) and gaseous species (CO, NOx, SO2 and NMVOCs) for the period 1990–2015 with a yearly temporal resolution. We show that all pollutant emissions are globally increasing in Africa during the period 1990–2015 with a growth rate of 95 %, 86 %, 113 %, 112 %, 97 % and 130 % for BC, OC, NOx, CO, SO2 and NMVOCs, respectively. We also show that Western Africa is the highest emitting region of BC, OC, CO and NMVOCs, followed by Eastern Africa, largely due to domestic fire and traffic activities, while Southern Africa and Northern Africa are the highest emitting regions of SO2 and NOx due to industrial and power plant sources. Emissions from this inventory are compared to other regional and global inventories, and the emissions uncertainties are quantified by a Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, this inventory highlights key pollutant emission sectors in which mitigation scenarios should focus on. The DACCIWA inventory (https://doi.org/10.25326/56, Keita et al., 2020) including the annual gridded emission inventory for Africa for the period 1990–2015 is distributed by the Emissions of atmospheric Compounds and Compilation of Ancillary Data (ECCAD) system (https://eccad.aeris-data.fr/, last access: 19 July 2021​​​​​​​). For review purposes, ECCAD has set up an anonymous repository where subsets of the DACCIWA data can be accessed directly through https://www7.obs-mip.fr/eccad/essd-surf-emis-dacciwa/ (last access: 19 July 2021).

Published
2021
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2. Trends and seasonal variability of atmospheric NO2 and HNO3 concentrations across three major African biomes inferred from long-term series of ground-based and satellite measurements

Author

Babakar Diop, C. Opepa, Aristide Akpo, S. Darras, D. Laouali, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Véronique Yoboué, Eric Gardrat, Jonathan E. Hickman, Money Ossohou, M. Ouafo, and M. Adon

Subjects
Wet season, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, 010501 environmental sciences, Seasonality, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Deposition (aerosol physics), Atmospheric chemistry, Dry season, medicine, Environmental science, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

In the framework of the INDAAF (International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in AFrica) programme, part of the ACTRIS European Research Infrastructure for the long-term observation of Aerosols, Cloud, and Trace gases, this paper aims to study trends and seasonal variability of surface atmospheric NO2 and HNO3 concentrations, and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) NO2 over 6 sites in tropical Africa. Sites are located in west and central Africa to represent the major African biomes: dry savanna (Banizoumbou, Niger and Katibougou, Mali), wet savanna (Djougou, Benin and Lamto, Cote d’Ivoire) and forest (Bomassa, Republic of Congo and Zoetele, Cameroon). Ground-based NO2 and HNO3 concentrations were obtained over the period 1998–2015 using INDAAF passive samplers at a monthly basis, and NO2 Vertical Column Densities (VCDs) from OMI for a 1° grid cell around each sites were obtained from 2005 to 2015. Mean annual NO2 concentrations ranged from 2.3 ± 1.2 to 0.9 ± 0.4 ppb from dry savannas to forests, representing a north south gradient. In dry savannas, we observe two concentration peaks of NO2 appearing at the beginning and the end of the wet season both for ground-based and satellite measurements, whereas at wet savannas and forest sites, NO2 concentrations are highest in the dry season. The seasonality of surface NO2 observations provide further evidence for a large role of microbial soil NOx emissions in dry savannas and of biomass burning NOx emissions in wet savanna and forest sites. Mean annual HNO3 concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 ppb in dry and wet savannas to 0.2–0.3 ppb in forest. In dry ecosystems, higher HNO3 concentrations are measured in the early wet season, consistent with NO2 results. The analysis of a long-term dataset of surface O3 concentrations indicates that HNO3 production can mainly be explained by the photooxidation of NOx. Mann-Kendall and Seasonal Kendall statistical tests showed that NO2 surface concentrations have a significant decreasing seasonal and annual trends at multiple sites (p-value

Published
2019
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3. Personal exposure to PM2.5 emitted from typical anthropogenic sources in southern West Africa: chemical characteristics and associated health risks

Author

Jacques Adon, Catherine Liousse, Zhenxing Shen, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Kin Fai Ho, Junji Cao, Jean-François Léon, Lijuan Li, Véronique Yoboué, Aristide Akpo, Hongmei Xu, Eric Gardrat, and Benjamin Guinot

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Wet season, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health risk assessment, Heavy metals, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, 01 natural sciences, West africa, Toxicology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, Dry season, Environmental science, Organic matter, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Urbanization is an issue that is strongly emerging in southern West Africa (sWA). There is a lack of full understanding on chemical compositions and personal exposure levels to fine particulate matter (hereafter defined as PE PM2.5 ) and its health risks related to various anthropogenic sources in this region. In this study, PE PM2.5 was studied in dry (January) and wet (July) seasons of 2016 for the first time to characterize the contributions of a domestic fire site (DF) to the exposure of women and a waste burning site (WB) to that of students in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, and a motorcycle traffic site (MT) to that of drivers in Cotonou, Benin. The average PE PM2.5 mass concentrations were 331.7±190.7 , 356.9±71.9 and 242.8±67.6 µ g m −3 at DF, WB and MT sites for women, students and drivers, which were 2.4, 10.3 and 6.4 times the ambient PM2.5 concentrations, respectively. Elevated PE PM2.5 levels in the dry season were found at DF ( 358.8±100.5 µ g m −3 ), WB ( 494.3±15.8 µ g m −3 ) and MT ( 335.1±72.1 µ g m −3 ) sites, on average 15 % higher than that at DF and 55 % higher at both WB and MT sites in the wet season. The seasonal variations were attributed to emission sources, meteorological factors and personal activities. In addition, the results show that geological material (35.8 %, 46.0 % and 42.4 %) and organic matter (34.1 %, 23.3 % and 24.9 %) were the major components of PE PM2.5 at DF, WB and MT sites. It is worth noting that the contribution of heavy metals was higher at WB (1.0 %) than at DF (0.7 %) and MT (0.4 %) sites, strongly influenced by waste burning emission. This results in the highest non-cancer risks of heavy metals to students, 5.1 and 4.8 times the values for women and drivers, respectively. By conducting organic speciation, fingerprints were used to access the exposure and identify the source contributions from typical local anthropogenic sources. The women's exposure concentration to particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at DF ( 77.4±47.9 ng m −3 ) was 1.6 and 2.1 times, respectively, that of students at WB ( 49.9±30.7 ng m −3 ) and of drivers at MT ( 37.0±7.4 ng m −3 ). This can be associated with the higher contributions from solid fuels' burning and meat grilling activities to women, resulting in a level 5 times in exceedance of the cancer risk safety threshold ( 1 × 10 - 6 ). Phthalate esters (PAEs), commonly used as plasticizers in products, were in high levels in the student exposure PM2.5 samples ( 1380.4±335.2 ng m −3 ), owing to obvious waste burning activities nearby. The drivers' exposures to fossil fuel combustion markers of hopanes in PE PM2.5 at MT ( 50.9±7.9 ng m −3 ) was 3.0–3.3 times those for women at DF ( 17.1±6.4 ng m −3 ) and students at WB ( 15.6±6.1 ng m −3 ). Overall, the current study shows that wood combustion, waste burning, fugitive dust and motor vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PE PM2.5 and mainly contributed to its toxicities. The exposure to the heavy metals Pb and Mn caused high non-cancer risks to students at WB, while the severe cancer risk of PAHs was found for women at DF via inhalation. The result of this study provides original data, initial perspective of PM2.5 personal exposure and health risk assessment in the developing areas. The information encourages the governments to improve the air quality and living standards of residents in this region.

Published
2019
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4. PM2.5 Magnetic Properties in Relation to Urban Combustion Sources in Southern West Africa

Author

Véronique Yoboué, Arnaud Proietti, Ricardo I.F. Trindade, Paul Yves Jean Antonio, Catherine Liousse, Mélina Macouin, Aruã da Silva Leite, Jean-François Léon, Loïc Drigo, Aristide Akpo, Sonia Rousse, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (CMCR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Laboratoire de Physique du Rayonnement, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère [Abidjan], Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), ANR-19-CE04-0008,BREATHE,La bio-surveillance magnétique des émissions de particules fines: Un partenariat sciences et citoyens sur la qualité de l'air.(2019), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, environmental magnetism, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental magnetism, air pollution, Air pollution, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, medicine, MATERIAL PARTICULADO, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Coercivity, Particulates, PM composition, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Magnetic mineralogy, Granulometry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Carbon
Abstract

The physico-chemical characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in African cities remain poorly known due to scarcity of observation networks. Magnetic parameters of PM are robust proxies for the emissions of Fe-bearing particles. This study reports the first magnetic investigation of PM2.5 (PM with aerodynamic size below 2.5 m) in Africa performed on weekly PM2.5 filters collected in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) and Cotonou (Benin) between 2015 and 2017. The magnetic mineralogy is dominated by magnetite-like low coercivity minerals. Mass normalized SIRM are 1.65e−2A□m/kg and 2.28e−2A□m/kg for Abidjan and Cotonou respectively. Hard coercivity material (S-ratio = 0.96 and MDF = 33 mT) is observed during the dry dusty season. Wood burning emits less iron oxides by PM2.5 mass when compared to traffic sources. PM2.5 magnetic granulometry has a narrow range regardless of the site or season. The excellent correlation between the site-averaged element carbon concentrations and SIRM suggests that PM2.5 magnetic parameters are linked to primary particulate emission from combustion sources.

Published
2021
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5. Particulate pollution in Korhogo and Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire) during the dry season

Author

Silué Siélé, Sylvain Gnamien, Money Ossohou, Lamine Diaby, Véronique Yoboué, Catherine Liousse, Julien Bahino, Sekou Keita, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Pollution, Aerosols, education.field_of_study, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particulate pollution, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Africa cities, Forestry, Cote d ivoire, 01 natural sciences, PASMU project, Air quality monitoring, Geography, Dry season, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Spatial variability, Lower cost, Urban air quality, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

International audience; Particulate pollution in West African cities seriously impacts public human health. Assessing the levels of pollution to which populations are exposed is problematic, as to date very few countries in Africa have an air quality monitoring network in place. However, given the specific anthropogenic sources present in West African countries and the increase in their projected emissions in the coming years if no regulations are put in place, solutions must be found. This study evaluates with a simple existing methodology particulate air pollution in two West African cities (Korhogo and Abidjan in Cote d'Ivoire) which have different population practices and local meteorology. From two measurement campaigns at about ten sites during the dry season and using the inverse distance-weighted interpolation method, maps of spatial variation in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are obtained at the scale of each of these cities, which provide a snapshot of the concentration levels to which populations are actually exposed. The results of this study showed that populations in low-and middle-income areas are exposed to higher concentrations than those in high-income areas. The analysis of the relative contribution of fine particles to coarse particles shows that PM2.5 contributes to PM10 at less than 40% in Korhogo but more than 50% in Abidjan. Daily average concentrations of PM2.5 are all above WHO standards, and are 2 to 8 times higher in Korhogo, while in Abidjan they are up to 4 times higher. The daily profiles of the mean hourly concentrations of the sites are similar across all sites in Korhogo, while in Abidjan, that of some sites show some differences. This study, by the methodology used, offers an opportunity for different research teams to assess at lower cost the population's exposure levels to urban particulate pollution.

Published
2021
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6. Road traffic emission inventory in an urban zone of West Africa : case of Yopougon City (Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire)

Author

Kouakou Kouadio, Maurin Zouzoua, Madina Doumbia, Alima Dajuma, Adjon A. Kouassi, Arona Diedhiou, Siélé Silué, N’Datchoh E. Toure, E. Assamoi, Sekou Keita, Catherine Liousse, Véronique Yoboué, Adama Bamba, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly (UPGC), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, vehicle emission, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, local fuel consumption, road traffic, road segment, traffic volume, air pollution, Yopougon, Air pollution, Taxis, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Cote d ivoire, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Technology, 12. Responsible consumption, Traffic volume, 11. Sustainability, medicine, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Emission inventory, Engineering (miscellaneous), Road traffic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, lcsh:T, Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Public transport, Fuel efficiency, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

International audience; Road traffic emission inventories based on bottom-up methodology, are calculated for each road segment from fuel consumption and traffic volume data obtained during field measurements in Yopougon. High emissions of black carbon (BC) from vehicles are observed at major road intersections, in areas surrounding industrial zones and on highways. Highest emission values from road traffic are observed for carbon monoxide (CO) (14.8 t/d) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (7.9 t/d), usually considered as the major traffic pollution tracers. Furthermore, peak values of CO emissions due to personal cars (PCs) are mainly linked to the old age of the vehicle fleet with high emission factors. The highest emitting type of vehicle for BC on the highway is PC (70.2%), followed by inter-communal taxis (TAs) (13.1%), heavy vehicles (HVs) (9.8%), minibuses (GBs) (6.4%) and intra-communal taxis (WRs) (0.4%). While for organic carbon (OC) emissions on the main roads, PCs represent 46.7%, followed by 20.3% for WRs, 14.9% for TAs, 11.4% for GB and 6.7% for HVs. This work provides new key information on local pollutant emissions and may be useful to guide mitigation strategies such as modernizing the vehicle fleet and reorganizing public transportation, to reduce emissions and improve public health.

Published
2021
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7. Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon

Author

Alima Dajuma, Arona Diedhiou, K. O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Véronique Yoboué, Bernhard Vogel, Siélé Silué, and Evelyne Touré N'Datchoh

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Intertropical Convergence Zone, 010501 environmental sciences, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, African easterly jet, Aerosol, Altitude, Climatology, Environmental science, Biomass burning, Southern Hemisphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Biomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Published
2021
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8. Long-term atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in West African savanna over 16 year period (Lamto, Côte d’Ivoire)

Author

Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, Marcellin Adon, Eric Gardrat, Ismael Konaté, Adja Ki, Raphaël Zouzou, Money Ossohou, Véronique Yoboué, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, chemistry.chemical_element, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Flux (metallurgy), Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Dry season, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Period (geology), Environmental science, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, NOx, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

We present a long term assessment trend of atmospheric inorganic nitrogen deposition in Sub Saharan Africa (2000–2015) using observational and model data. This work proposes a compilation of International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in Africa wet and dry nitrogen deposition fluxes collected at the wet savanna site of Lamto (Côte d’Ivoire). Total deposition calculation takes in account: (a) gaseous (NO2, NH3, HNO3) dry deposition fluxes estimated by considering nitrogen compound concentrations at the monthly scale and modeling average monthly dry deposition velocities, (b) particulate PM10 (pNO3 −, pNH4 +) dry deposition fluxes calculated using the same inferential method and (c) wet deposition (WD) fluxes including ions concentration measurements (NO3 −, NH4 +) in rainwater combined with rainfall amount. We demonstrate for the first time the monthly and annual decreasing trends for dry nitrogen deposition of N-NO2 (−2.33% month−1 and −2.54% yr−1) and N-NH3 (−2.55% month−1 and −2.89% yr−1), but increasing trends for dry deposition of N-HNO3 (+1.00% month−1) and WD of N-NO3 − (+1.67% month−1 and +2.13% yr−1) and N-NH4 + (+2.33% month−1 and +3.36% yr−1). Dry season N-NO2 deposition flux decline shows agreement with long term trend in NOx emissions by biomass burning. Increasing trends for wet N deposition signals a gradual increase of nitrogen fertilizers use in agricultural practices in the Lamto area. Results also show no significant trend in total N deposition over the 16 year study period explained by the compensation of decreasing and increasing trends for dry and wet N deposition, respectively. However, at the annual scale, the mean total N deposition flux is estimated to 10.3 ± 1.2 kgN ha−1 yr−1 over the 16 year period, indicating an increase of 8% compared to the period 2000–2007.

Published
2021
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9. Biomass Burning Effects on the Climate over Southern West Africa During the Summer Monsoon

Author

Alima Dajuma, Siélé Silué, Kehinde O. Ogunjobi, Heike Vogel, Evelyne Touré N’Datchoh, Véronique Yoboué, Arona Diedhiou, and Bernhard Vogel

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Biomass Burning (BB) aerosol has attracted considerable attention due to its detrimental effects on climate through its radiative properties. In Africa, fire patterns are anticorrelated with the southward-northward movement of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Each year between June and September, BB occurs in the southern hemisphere of Africa, and aerosols are carried westward by the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) and advected at an altitude of between 2 and 4 km. Observations made during a field campaign of Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa (DACCIWA) (Knippertz et al., Bull Am Meteorol Soc 96:1451–1460, 2015) during the West African Monsoon (WAM) of June–July 2016 have revealed large quantities of BB aerosols in the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) over southern West Africa (SWA).This chapter examines the effects of the long-range transport of BB aerosols on the climate over SWA by means of a modeling study, and proposes several adaptation and mitigation strategies for policy makers regarding this phenomenon. A high-resolution regional climate model, known as the Consortium for Small-scale Modelling – Aerosols and Reactive Traces (COSMO-ART) gases, was used to conduct two set of experiments, with and without BB emissions, to quantify their impacts on the SWA atmosphere. Results revealed a reduction in surface shortwave (SW) radiation of up to about 6.5 W m−2 and an 11% increase of Cloud Droplets Number Concentration (CDNC) over the SWA domain. Also, an increase of 12.45% in Particulate Matter (PM25) surface concentration was observed in Abidjan (9.75 μg m−3), Accra (10.7 μg m−3), Cotonou (10.7 μg m−3), and Lagos (8 μg m−3), while the carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratio increased by 90 ppb in Abidjan and Accra due to BB. Moreover, BB aerosols were found to contribute to a 70% increase of organic carbon (OC) below 1 km in the PBL, followed by black carbon (BC) with 24.5%. This work highlights the contribution of the long-range transport of BB pollutants to pollution levels in SWA and their effects on the climate. It focuses on a case study of 3 days (5–7 July 2016). However, more research on a longer time period is necessary to inform decision making properly.This study emphasizes the need to implement a long-term air quality monitoring system in SWA as a method of climate change mitigation and adaptation.

Published
2020
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10. Cloud-venting induced downward mixing of the Central African biomass burning plume during the West Africa summer monsoon

Author

Bernhard Vogel, Evelyne Touré N'Datchoh, Alima Dajuma, Heike Vogel, Siélé Silué, K. O. Ogunjobi, Peter Knippertz, and Véronique Yoboué

Subjects
Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Planetary boundary layer, Mixing ratio, Environmental science, Subsidence (atmosphere), Hadley cell, Tropical Atlantic, Monsoon, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Plume
Abstract

Between June and September large amounts of biomass burning aerosol are released into the atmosphere from agricultural fires in Central and southern Africa. Recent studies have suggested that this plume is carried westward over the Atlantic Ocean at altitudes between 2 and 4 km and then northward with the monsoon flow at low levels to increase the atmospheric aerosol load over coastal cities in southern West Africa (SWA), thereby exacerbating air pollution problems. However, the processes by which these fire emissions are transported into the planetary boundary layer are still unclear. One potential factor is the large-scale subsidence related to the southern branch of the monsoon Hadley cell over the tropical Atlantic. Here we use convection-permitting model simulations with COSMO-ART to investigate for the first time to what extent mixing related to cloud venting contributes to the downward transport of the biomass burning plume. Based on a monthly climatology, model simulations compare satisfactory with wind fields from reanalysis data, cloud observations, and satellite retrieved CO mixing ratio. For a case study on 02 July 2016, modelled clouds and rainfall show overall good agreement with Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) cloud products and Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals (GPM-IMERG) rainfall estimates. However, there is a tendency for the model to produce too much clouds and rainfall over the Gulf of Guinea. Looking into the CO dispersion, used as an indicator for the biomass burning plume, we identified individual mixing events south of the coast of Côte d’Ivoire due to midlevel convective clouds injecting parts of the biomass burning plume into the boundary layer. This cloud venting is modulated by the underlying sea surface temperatures. Idealized tracer experiments suggest that about 20 % of the CO mass from the 2–4 km layer are mixed below 1km within two days over the Gulf of Guinea. There is even stronger vertical mixing when the biomass burning plume reaches land due to daytime heating. In that case, the long-range transported biomass burning plume is mixed with local anthropogenic emissions. Future work should provide more robust statistics on the cloud venting effect over the Gulf of Guinea and include aspects of aerosol deposition.

Published
2019
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11. Dominant contribution of nitrogen compounds in precipitation chemistry in the Lake Victoria catchment (East Africa)

Author

Jonathan E. Hickman, Eric Gardrat, Frank Roux, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, Adama Bakayoko, Frédéric Julien, Véronique Yoboué, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Drainage basin, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Ecosystem, Precipitation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Nitrogen, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Eutrophication
Abstract

This work provides a complete chemical characterization of rains collected in the tropical rural site of Mbita (Kenya) on the shores of Lake Victoria (annual rainfall 1259.3 mm). We present a wet nitrogen deposition budget including inorganic and organic dissolved nitrogen in relation with atmospheric sources of gases and particles, precipitation rate and air mass transport. A unique 2 yr monitoring data set (2017–2019), providing 183 rain samples was collected and analyzed according to international standards (WMO/GAW). Considering that precipitation represents the largest contributor of water to the Lake Victoria (80%), this study gives new insights in the seasonality of nutrients wet deposition (WD) inputs in the unique natural resource represented by Lake Victoria and its catchment. Four main contributions to the chemical composition of precipitation, were identified: (a) a 28% terrigenous contribution related to crustal and biomass sources, (b) a 14% marine contribution related to Indian ocean air masses intrusion, (c) a 15% organic contribution due to volatile organic carbon emissions from biomass burning and vegetation and (d) a predominant nitrogenous contribution of 39% due to livestock and fertilizers, biomass burning and neighboring agricultural fires. Ammonium and nitrate volume weighed mean concentrations are 36.75 and 8.88 μeq l−1, respectively. Rain in Mbita is alkaline (pH = 5.8) highlighting neutralization by heterogeneous chemistry. Total nitrogen WD is 8.54 kgN ha−1 yr−1, 58 760 tN yr−1 for the entire lake, with 26% attributed to dissolved organic nitrogen. A total atmospheric deposition of 15 kgN ha−1 yr−1 is estimated taking into account dry deposition estimate from literature, showing that the Lake Victoria ecosystem is exposed to eutrophication. An extensive and regular monitoring of wet and dry nitrogen deposition is highly recommended both in-shore and off-shore to help improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in agricultural areas and reduce nitrogen losses around Lake Victoria.

Published
2021
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12. The Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa field campaign: Overview and research highlights

Author

Abdourahamane Konaré, Christine Chiu, Peter Knippertz, Stephan Borrmann, Véronique Yoboué, Aurélie Colomb, Muritala A. Ayoola, Jean-Blaise Ngamini, Keith Bower, Greta Stratmann, Oluwagbemiga O. Jegede, Céline Mari, Geoffrey Bessardon, Hugh Coe, Sylvester K. Danuor, Catherine Liousse, Fabienne Lohou, John H. Marsham, James D. Lee, Mat J. Evans, Andreas H. Fink, Norbert Kalthoff, Hans Schlager, Peter Hill, Marie Lothon, Remi Meynadier, Philip D. Rosenberg, Claude Denjean, A. M. Batenburg, Bianca Adler, Jonathan Taylor, Marlon Maranan, Leonard K. Amekudzi, Jeffrey N. A. Aryee, Barbara Brooks, Joel Brito, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Valéry Catoire, Cyrille Flamant, Vincent J Smith, Daniel Sauer, Kwabena Fosu-Amankwah, Frédéric Burnet, Aristide Akpo, Christiane Voigt, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), National Centre for Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (NCAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories (WACL), University of York [York, UK], National Centre for Atmospheric Science [York] (NCAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Nigeria], Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère [Abidjan], Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Agence pour la sécurité de la navigation aérienne en Afrique et à Madagascar (ASECNA), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, CNRSCNES, European Project: 603502,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,DACCIWA(2013), European Project: 227159,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2008-1,EUFAR(2008), Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, Université de Cocody Abidjan, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute for Atmospheric Physics [Mainz] (IPA), Johannes Gutenberg - University of Mainz (JGU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique - Clermont Auvergne (LaMP), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASECNA, Department of Geography, University of Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Planetary boundary layer, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Interactions, Air pollution, Weather and climate, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Diurnal cycle, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, West Africa, medicine, ddc:550, Population growth, Wolkenphysik, Aerosol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe, 020801 environmental engineering, Dynamics, Earth sciences, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Cloud
Abstract

International audience; Unprecedented ground-based and aircraft measurements in June-July 2016 in southern West Africa characterize atmospheric composition and dynamics, low-level cloud properties, the diurnal cycle, and air pollution impacts on health.The EU-funded project DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) investigates the relationship between weather, climate, and air pollution in southern West Africa, an area with rapid population growth, urbanisation, and increase in anthropogenic aerosol emissions. The air over this region contains a unique mixture of natural and anthropogenic gases, liquid droplets and particles, emitted in an environment, in which multi-layer clouds frequently form. These exert a large influence on the local weather and climate, mainly due to their impact on radiation, the surface energy balance, and thus the diurnal cycle of the atmospheric boundary layer.In June and July 2016, DACCIWA organized a major international field campaign in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, and Nigeria. Three supersites in Kumasi, Savè, and Ile-Ife conducted permanent measurements and 15 Intensive observation periods. Three European aircraft together flew 50 research flights between 27 June and 16 July 2016 for a total of 155 hours. DACCIWA scientists launched weather balloons several times a day across the region (772 in total), measured urban emissions, and evaluated health data. The main objective was to build robust statistics of atmospheric composition, dynamics, and low-level cloud properties in various chemical landscapes to investigate their mutual interactions.This article presents an overview of the DACCIWA field campaign activities as well as some first research highlights. The rich data obtained during the campaign will be made available to the scientific community and help to advance scientific understanding, modeling, and monitoring the atmosphere over southern West Africa.

Published
2018
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13. Aerosol and VOC emission factor measurements for African anthropogenic sources

Author

Hugh Coe, Julien Djossou, E.-Michel Assamoi, Benjamin Guinot, Money Ossohou, Julien Bahino, E. Touré N’Datchoh, Sophie Haslett, Sekou Keita, Laetitia Bouvier, Madina Doumbia, Aristide Akpo, L. Roblou, Eric Gardrat, Aurélie Colomb, Pamela Dominutti, Sylvain Gnamien, Véronique Yoboué, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Catherine Liousse, Jean F. Léon, Jacks Adon, and Agnès Borbon

Subjects
Pollutant, Total organic carbon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Air pollution, Carbon black, Particulates, medicine.disease_cause, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, visual_art, Environmental chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, medicine, Charcoal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A number of campaigns have been carried out to establish the emission factors of pollutants from fuel combustion in West Africa, as part of work package 2 (‘Air Pollution and Health’) of the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) FP7 program. Emission sources considered here include wood and charcoal burning, charcoal making, open waste burning, and vehicles including trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles. Emission factors of total particulate matter, black carbon, primary organic carbon and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) have been established. In addition, emission factor measurements were performed in combustion chambers in order to reproduce field burning conditions for tropical hardwood, and obtain particulate emission factors by size (PM0.25, PM1, PM2.5 and PM10). Aerosol samples were collected on quartz filters and analysed using gravimetric and thermal methods. The emission factors of 50 NMVOC species were determined using systematic off-line sampling. Emission factors from wood burning for black carbon, organic carbon and total particulate matter were 0.8 ± 0.4 g/kg of dry matter (dm), 9.29 ± 3.82 g/kg dm and 34.54 ± 20.6 g/kg dm, respectively. From traffic sources, the highest emission factors for all particulate species were emitted from two wheeled vehicles with two-stroke engines (2.74 g/kg fuel for black carbon, 65.11 g/kg fuel for organic carbon and 496 g/kg fuel for total particulate matter). The emissions of NMVOCs were lower than those of particles for all sources aside from traffic. The largest NMVOC emissions were observed for two-stroke two-wheeled vehicles, which were up to three times higher than emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. Isoprene and monoterpenes, which are usually associated with biogenic emissions, were present in almost all anthropogenic source categories and could be as significant as aromatic emissions in wood burning (1 g/kg dm). Black carbon was primarily emitted in the ultrafine fraction, with 77 % of the total mass being emitted as particles smaller than 0.25 µm. This study observed higher particle and NMVOC emission factors than those in the current literature. This study underlines the important role of in-situ measurements in deriving realistic and representative emission factors.

Published
2017
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14. Dry deposition of nitrogen compounds (NO2, HNO3, NH3), sulfur dioxide and ozone in west and central African ecosystems using the inferential method

Author

Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, M. Adon, A. T. Kaptue Tchuente, Véronique Yoboué, and Fabien Solmon

Subjects
Hydrology, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Flux (metallurgy), Deposition (aerosol physics), Hand surface, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Ecosystem, Transect, Sulfur dioxide, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This work is part of the IDAF program (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) and is based on the long-term monitoring of gas concentrations (1998–2007) established at seven remote sites representative of major African ecosystems. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by the inferential method using on the one hand surface measurements of gas concentrations (NO 2 , HNO 3 , NH 3 , SO 2 and O 3 ) and on the other hand modeled exchange rates. Dry deposition velocities ( V d ) were calculated using the big-leaf model of Zhang et al. (2003b). The bidirectional approach is used for NH 3 surface–atmosphere exchange (Zhang et al., 2010). Surface and meteorological conditions specific to IDAF sites have been used in the models of deposition. The seasonal and annual mean variations of gaseous dry deposition fluxes (NO 2 , HNO 3 , NH 3 , O 3 and SO 2 ) are analyzed. Along the latitudinal transect of ecosystems, the annual mean dry deposition fluxes of nitrogen compounds range from −0.4 to −0.8 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for NO 2 , from −0.7 to −1.0 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for HNO 3 and from −0.7 to −8.3 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for NH 3 over the study period (1998–2007). The total nitrogen dry deposition flux (NO 2 +HNO 3 +NH 3 ) is more important in forests (−10 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) than in wet and dry savannas (−1.6 to −3.9 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ). The annual mean dry deposition fluxes of ozone range between −11 and −19 kg ha −1 yr −1 in dry and wet savannas, and −11 and −13 kg ha −1 yr −1 in forests. Lowest O 3 dry deposition fluxes in forests are correlated to low measured O 3 concentrations, lower by a factor of 2–3, compared to other ecosystems. Along the ecosystem transect, the annual mean of SO 2 dry deposition fluxes presents low values and a small variability (−0.5 to −1 kg S ha −1 yr −1 ). No specific trend in the interannual variability of these gaseous dry deposition fluxes is observed over the study period.

Published
2013
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15. Long term measurements of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid and ozone in Africa using passive samplers

Author

J. P. Tathy, Eric Mougin, M. Adon, Babakar Diop, P. Castera, J. P. Lacaux, Aristide Akpo, D. Laouali, Eric Gardrat, Jacobus J. Pienaar, L. Sigha-Nkamdjou, H. Al Ourabi, Véronique Yoboué, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Claire Delon, François Lavenu, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, Université de Cocody Abidjan, School of Chemistry, North-West University [South Aftrica] (NWU), Departement de Physique, Université d'Alep, Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], Université de Bamako, Centre de Recherches Hydrologiques, Université de Yaoundé I, Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologie du Congo, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
Wet season, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Dry season, medicine, Nitrogen dioxide, Ecosystem, Transect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

In this paper we present the long term monitoring of ambient gaseous concentrations within the framework of the IDAF (IGAC-DEBITS-AFRICA) program. This study proposes for the first time an analysis of long-term inorganic gas concentrations (1998 to 2007) of SO2, NO2, HNO3, NH3 and O3, determined using passive samplers at seven remote sites in West and Central Africa. Sites are representative of several African ecosystems and are located along a transect from dry savannas-wet savannas-forests with sites at Banizoumbou (Niger), Katibougou and Agoufou (Mali), Djougou (Benin), Lamto (Cote d'Ivoire), Zoetele (Cameroon) and Bomassa (Congo). The strict control of measurement techniques as well as the validation and inter-comparison studies conducted with the IDAF passive samplers assure the quality and accuracy of the measurements. For each type of African ecosystem, the long term data series have been studied to document the levels of surface gaseous concentrations. The seasonal and interannual variability have also been analyzed as a function of emission source variations. We compared the measured West and Central African gas concentrations to results obtained in other parts of the world. Results show that the annual mean concentrations of NO2, NH3, HNO3 measured in dry savannas are higher than those measured in wet savannas and forests that have quite similar concentrations. Annual mean NO2 concentrations vary from 0.9±0.2 in forests to 2.4±0.4 ppb in the dry savannas, NH3 from 3.9±1.4 to 7.4±0.8 ppb and HNO3 from 0.2±0.1 to 0.5±0.2 ppb. Annual mean O3 and SO2 concentrations are lower for all ecosystems and range from 4.0±0.4 to 14.0±2.8 and from 0.3±0.1 to 1.0±0.2 ppb, respectively. A focus on the processes involved in gas emissions from dry savannas is presented in this work, providing explanations for the high concentrations of all gases measured at the three dry savannas sites. At these sites, seasonal concentrations of all gases are higher in the wet season. Conversely, concentrations are higher in the dry season in the wet savannas. In forested regions, we measure no significant difference between wet and dry seasons. This unique database of long term gases concentrations monitoring is available at: http://medias.obs-mip.fr/idaf/.

Published
2010
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16. Dry and Wet Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in West Central Africa

Author

Babakar Diop, Eric Mougin, Marcellin Adon, Laouali Dungall, Pierre Castera, Jacobus J. Pienaar, Aristide Akpo, Véronique Yoboué, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Eric Gardrat, Claire Delon, Luc Sigha, Jonas Mphepya, Fabien Solmon, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, Université de Cocody Abidjan, North-West University [Potchefstroom] (NWU), Université de Bamako, Université de Yaoundé I, Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP)

Subjects
Nitrogen deposition, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, African ecosystems, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem, Precipitation, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Central africa, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric deposition budget, 6. Clean water, Wet and dry deposition, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Long term monitoring, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science
Abstract

This work is part of the IDAF (IGAC/DEBITS/AFrica) programme which started in 1995 with the establishment of 10 measurement sites representative of major African ecosystems. The objectives of the programme are to study wet and dry deposition fluxes, to identify the relative contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources and factors regulating these fluxes. This study presents an estimation of the atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition budget in Africa based on a long term monitoring measurements database including gaseous, precipitation and aerosols chemical composition. Annual nitrogen fluxes including wet and dry processes are estimated to be around 6 kg N ha−1 year−1, 6.5 kg N ha−1 year−1 and 13 kg N ha−1 year−1 respectively over dry savanna, humid savanna and over the forest.

Published
2013
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17. Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion aerosols

Author

B. Guillaume, A. Mariscal, Claire Granier, Fabien Solmon, Eric Gardrat, C. Galy, Abdourahamane Konaré, Marc Mallet, Catherine Liousse, Florent Malavelle, R. Rosset, L. Dungall, Jean-Marie Grégoire, Eric-Michel Assamoi, Aude Mieville, P. F. J. van Velthoven, Pierre Castera, Aristide Akpo, F. Tummon, Dominique Serça, Véronique Yoboué, M. Bedou, Véronique Pont, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère, Université de Cocody Abidjan, Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey], NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), CNRS-INSU, AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Single-scattering albedo, Scattering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Particulates, Atmospheric sciences, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, AERONET, lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Satellite, Biomass burning, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

African biomass burning emission inventories for gaseous and particulate species have been constructed at a resolution of 1 km by 1km with daily coverage for the 2000¿2007 period. These inventories are higher than the GFED2 inventories, which are currently widely in use. Evaluation specifically focusing on combustion aerosol has been carried out with the ORISAM-TM4 global chemistry transport model which includes a detailed aerosol module. This paper compares modeled results with measurements of surface BC concentrations and scattering coefficients from the AMMA Enhanced Observations period, aerosol optical depths and single scattering albedo from AERONET sunphotometers, LIDAR vertical distributions of extinction coefficients as well as satellite data. Aerosol seasonal and interannual evolutions over the 2004¿2007 period observed at regional scale and more specifically at the Djougou (Benin) and Banizoumbou (Niger) AMMA/IDAF sites are well reproduced by our global model, indicating that our biomass burning emission inventory appears reasonable., JRC.H.5-Land Resources Management

Published
2010
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18. Satellite mapping of rain-induced nitric oxide emissions from soils

Author

Kelly Chance, Véronique Yoboué, Randall V. Martin, A. I. Modi, Lyatt Jaeglé, Daniel J. Jacob, Linda Steinberger, Luc Sigha-Nkamdjou, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, and Thomas P. Kurosu

Subjects
Wet season, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dry season, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Ecology, Paleontology, Tropics, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Geophysics, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmospheric chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Nitrogen oxide
Abstract

We use space-based observations of NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) to map the spatial and seasonal variations of NOx emissions over Africa during 2000. The GOME observations show not only enhanced tropospheric NO2 columns from biomass burning during the dry season but also comparable enhancements from soil emissions during the rainy season over the Sahel. These soil emissions occur in strong pulses lasting 1-3 weeks following the onset of rain, and affect 3 million sq km of semiarid sub-Saharan savanna. Surface observations of NO2 from the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC)/Deposition of Biochemically Important Trace Species (DEBITS)/Africa (IDAF) network over West Africa provide further evidence for a strong role for microbial soil sources. By combining inverse modeling of GOME NO2 columns with space-based observations of fires, we estimate that soils contribute 3.3+/-1.8 TgN/year, similar to the biomass burning source (3.8+/-2.1 TgN/year), and thus account for 40% of surface NO(x) emissions over Africa. Extrapolating to all the tropics, we estimate a 7.3 TgN/year biogenic soil source, which is a factor of 2 larger compared to model-based inventories but agrees with observation-based inventories. These large soil NO(x) emissions are likely to significantly contribute to the ozone enhancement originating from tropical Africa.

Published
2004
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