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4 results on '"ice-nucleating particles"'

1. Secondary Ice Formation in Idealised Deep Convection—Source of Primary Ice and Impact on Glaciation

Author

Christoph Siewert, Tim Lüttmer, and Annette K. Miltenberger

Subjects
Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, rain freezing, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), lcsh:QC851-999, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, Spatial distribution, ice-nucleating particles, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Primary (astronomy), Glacial period, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, secondary ice production, Ice formation, Ice crystals, Sedimentation, deep convection, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology, Lagrangian analysis
Abstract

Secondary ice production via rime-splintering is considered to be an important process for rapid glaciation and high ice crystal numbers observed in mixed-phase convective clouds. An open question is how rime-splintering is triggered in the relatively short time between cloud formation and observations of high ice crystal numbers. We use idealised simulations of a deep convective cloud system to investigate the thermodynamic and cloud microphysical evolution of air parcels, in which the model predicts secondary ice formation. The Lagrangian analysis suggests that the &ldquo, in-situ&rdquo, formation of rimers either by growth of primary ice or rain freezing does not play a major role in triggering secondary ice formation. Instead, rimers are predominantly imported into air parcels through sedimentation form higher altitudes. While ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiating heterogeneous freezing of cloud droplets at temperatures warmer than &minus, 10 ∘ C have no discernible impact of the occurrence of secondary ice formation, in a scenario with rain freezing secondary ice production is initiated slightly earlier in the cloud evolution and at slightly different places, although with no major impact on the abundance or spatial distribution of secondary ice in the cloud as a whole. These results suggest that for interpreting and analysing observational data and model experiments regarding cloud glaciation and ice formation it is vital to consider the complex vertical coupling of cloud microphysical processes in deep convective clouds via three-dimensional transport and sedimentation.

Published
2020

2. A new method for operating a continuous-flow diffusion chamber to investigate immersion freezing: assessment and performance study

Author

Ottmar Möhler, Swarup China, Daniel J. Cziczo, Gourihar Kulkarni, Naruki Hiranuma, Paul J. DeMott, and Kristina Höhler

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, Evaporation, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Phase (matter), Radiative transfer, ddc:550, Relative humidity, lcsh:TA170-171, Supercooling, Ice-nucleating particles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, Ice nucleation, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Mechanics, CFDC instrument, 0104 chemical sciences, Aerosol, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Ice nucleus
Abstract

Glaciation in mixed-phase clouds predominantly occurs through the immersion-freezing mode where ice-nucleating particles (INPs) immersed within supercooled droplets induce the nucleation of ice. Model representations of this process currently are a large source of uncertainty in simulating cloud radiative properties, so to constrain these estimates, continuous-flow diffusion chamber (CFDC)-style INP devices are commonly used to assess the immersion-freezing efficiencies of INPs. This study explored a new approach to operating such an ice chamber that provides maximum activation of particles without droplet breakthrough and correction factor ambiguity to obtain high-quality INP measurements in a manner that previously had not been demonstrated to be possible. The conditioning section of the chamber was maintained at −20 ∘C and water relative humidity (RHw) conditions of 113 % to maximize the droplet activation, and the droplets were supercooled with an independently temperature-controlled nucleation section at a steady cooling rate (0.5 ∘C min−1) to induce the freezing of droplets and evaporation of unfrozen droplets. The performance of the modified compact ice chamber (MCIC) was evaluated using four INP species: K-feldspar, illite-NX, Argentinian soil dust, and airborne soil dusts from an arable region that had shown ice nucleation over a wide span of supercooled temperatures. Dry-dispersed and size-selected K-feldspar particles were generated in the laboratory. Illite-NX and soil dust particles were sampled during the second phase of the Fifth International Ice Nucleation Workshop (FIN-02) campaign, and airborne soil dust particles were sampled from an ambient aerosol inlet. The measured ice nucleation efficiencies of model aerosols that had a surface active site density (ns) metric were higher but mostly agreed within 1 order of magnitude compared to results reported in the literature.

Published
2020

3. Marine and Terrestrial Organic Ice-Nucleating Particles in Pristine Marine to Continentally Influenced Northeast Atlantic Air Masses

Author

Zamin A. Kanji, Colin D. O'Dowd, Franco Belosi, Ulrike Lohmann, Thomas C. J. Hill, Salvatore Marullo, Matteo Rinaldi, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, James Atkinson, Christina S. McCluskey, Paul J. DeMott, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Darius Ceburnis, and Marullo, S.

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, ice-nucleating particles, marine organic aerosol, marine ice-nucleating particle parameterization, sea spray aerosol, marine ice-nucleating particles, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, ea spray aerosol, 01 natural sciences, ice-nucleating particle, marine ice‐nucleating particles, marine ice‐nucleating particle parameterization, ice‐nucleating particles, Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Sea spray aerosol (SSA) generated by bubble bursting at the ocean surface is an important component of aerosol-cloud interactions over remote oceans, providing the atmosphere with ice-nucleating particles (INPs) or particles required for heterogeneous ice nucleation. Studies have shown that organic INPs are emitted during phytoplankton blooms, but changes in INP number concentrations (nINPs) due to ocean biological activity have not been directly demonstrated in natural SSA. In this study, a clean sector sampler was used to differentiate ice nucleation and composition of pristine SSA from terrestrial aerosol at the Mace Head Research Station in August 2015. Average nINPs active at −15 °C (nINPs,−15 °C) were 0.0011 L−1, and large variability (up to a factor of 200) was observed for INPs active warmer than −22 °C. Highest nINPs in the clean sector occurred during a period of elevated marine organic aerosol from offshore biological activity (M1, nINPs,−15 °C = 0.0077 L−1). A peak in nINPs was also observed in terrestrial organic aerosol (T1, nINPs,−15 °C = 0.0076 L−1). The impacts of heating and hydrogen peroxide digestion on nINPs indicate that INPs at Mace Head Research Station were largely organic and that INPs observed during M1 and T1 were biological (i.e., protein containing). Complexities of predicting increases in nINPs due to offshore biological activity are explored. A parameterization for pristine SSA INPs over the North Atlantic Ocean was developed, illustrating that SSA is associated with a factor of 1,000 fewer ice-nucleating sites per surface area of aerosol compared to mineral dust. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Published
2018
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4. Fostering multidisciplinary research on interactions between chemistry, biology, and physics within the coupled cryosphere-atmosphere system

Author

Jennie L. Thomas, Jochen Stutz, Markus M. Frey, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Katye Altieri, Foteini Baladima, Jo Browse, Manuel Dall’Osto, Louis Marelle, Jeremie Mouginot, Jennifer G. Murphy, Daiki Nomura, Kerri A. Pratt, Megan D. Willis, Paul Zieger, Jon Abbatt, Thomas A. Douglas, Maria Cristina Facchini, James France, Anna E. Jones, Kitae Kim, Patricia A. Matrai, V. Faye McNeill, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Paul Shepson, Nadja Steiner, Kathy S. Law, Steve R. Arnold, Bruno Delille, Julia Schmale, Jeroen E. Sonke, Aurélien Dommergue, Didier Voisin, Megan L. Melamed, Jessica Gier, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, UCLA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE), University of California-University of California-NASA, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry [Villigen] (LUC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Geography and Environmental Science [Cornwall], University of Exeter, Biologia Marina i Oceanografia [Barcelona], Instituto de Ciencias del Mar de Barcelona (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Earth System Science [Irvine] (ESS), University of California [Irvine] (UCI), Department of Chemistry [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Arctic Research Center [Sapporo], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Department of Chemistry [Ann Arbor], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry [Stockholm] (ACES), Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, ERDC Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), USACE Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Earth Sciences [Egham], Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering [New York], Columbia University [New York], Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Chemistry [West Lafayette], Purdue University [West Lafayette], Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences [West Lafayette] (EAPS), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Institute of Ocean Sciences [Sidney] (IOS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-NASA, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Global Atmospheric Chemistry, International Arctic Science Committee, and European Commission

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, Atmospheric chemistry, modeling chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, snow photochemistry, aerosol, arctic sea-ice, Earth science, Stakeholder engagement, Cryosphere, Science coordiation, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, ice-nucleating particles, black carbon, Oceanography, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Anthropocene, Multidisciplinary approach, 14. Life underwater, photochemical production, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, dome c, Chemistry, Global warming, boundary-layer, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Snow, nitrogen-oxides, 13. Climate action
Abstract

15 pages, 2 figures, The cryosphere, which comprises a large portion of Earth’s surface, is rapidly changing as a consequence of global climate change. Ice, snow, and frozen ground in the polar and alpine regions of the planet are known to directly impact atmospheric composition, which for example is observed in the large influence of ice and snow on polar boundary layer chemistry. Atmospheric inputs to the cryosphere, including aerosols, nutrients, and contaminants, are also changing in the anthropocene thus driving cryosphere-atmosphere feedbacks whose understanding is crucial for understanding future climate. Here, we present the Cryosphere and ATmospheric Chemistry initiative (CATCH) which is focused on developing new multidisciplinary research approaches studying interactions of chemistry, biology, and physics within the coupled cryosphere – atmosphere system and their sensitivity to environmental change. We identify four key science areas: (1) micro-scale processes in snow and ice, (2) the coupled cryosphere-atmosphere system, (3) cryospheric change and feedbacks, and (4) improved decisions and stakeholder engagement. To pursue these goals CATCH will foster an international, multidisciplinary research community, shed light on new research needs, support the acquisition of new knowledge, train the next generation of leading scientists, and establish interactions between the science community and society, CATCH is sponsored by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project igacproject.org, the International Surface Ocean – Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project solas-int.org, and the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC, iasc.info). Support for CATCH activities has been provided by the French Chantier Arctique Project Pollution in the Arctic System (PARCS). This work was supported by the H2020 ERA-PLANET (689443) iCUPE project

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