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1. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author

N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.

Published
2020
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2. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 β decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author

P. Adhikari, R. Ajaj, M. Alpízar-Venegas, P.-A. Amaudruz, D. J. Auty, M. Batygov, B. Beltran, H. Benmansour, C. E. Bina, J. Bonatt, W. Bonivento, M. G. Boulay, B. Broerman, J. F. Bueno, P. M. Burghardt, A. Butcher, M. Cadeddu, B. Cai, M. Cárdenas-Montes, S. Cavuoti, M. Chen, Y. Chen, B. T. Cleveland, J. M. Corning, D. Cranshaw, S. Daugherty, P. DelGobbo, K. Dering, J. DiGioseffo, P. Di Stefano, L. Doria, F. A. Duncan, M. Dunford, E. Ellingwood, A. Erlandson, S. S. Farahani, N. Fatemighomi, G. Fiorillo, S. Florian, T. Flower, R. J. Ford, R. Gagnon, D. Gallacher, P. García Abia, S. Garg, P. Giampa, D. Goeldi, V. Golovko, P. Gorel, K. Graham, D. R. Grant, A. Grobov, A. L. Hallin, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, C. Hearns, T. Hugues, A. Ilyasov, A. Joy, B. Jigmeddorj, C. J. Jillings, O. Kamaev, G. Kaur, A. Kemp, I. Kochanek, M. Kuźniak, M. Lai, S. Langrock, B. Lehnert, A. Leonhardt, N. Levashko, X. Li, J. Lidgard, T. Lindner, M. Lissia, J. Lock, G. Longo, I. Machulin, A. B. McDonald, T. McElroy, T. McGinn, J. B. McLaughlin, R. Mehdiyev, C. Mielnichuk, J. Monroe, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ng, A. J. Noble, E. O’Dwyer, G. Oliviéro, C. Ouellet, S. Pal, P. Pasuthip, S. J. M. Peeters, M. Perry, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, M.-C. Piro, T. R. Pollmann, E. T. Rand, C. Rethmeier, F. Retière, I. Rodríguez-García, L. Roszkowski, J. B. Ruhland, E. Sánchez-García, R. Santorelli, D. Sinclair, P. Skensved, B. Smith, N. J. T. Smith, T. Sonley, J. Soukup, R. Stainforth, C. Stone, V. Strickland, M. Stringer, B. Sur, J. Tang, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, S. Viel, J. Walding, M. Waqar, M. Ward, S. Westerdale, J. Willis, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, DEAP Collaboration, and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, QC770-798, Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Signal, DEAP, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 3. Good health, Computational physics, Pulse (physics), QB460-466, Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the charge of a single photoelectron, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulseshape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected., 14 pages, 9 figures

Published
2021

3. Copper electroplating for background suppression in the NEWS-G experiment

Author

J.-M. Coquillat, P. Knights, M. L. di Vacri, Eric W. Hoppe, I. Katsioulas, M. Zampaolo, S. Alcantar Anguiano, P. Lautridou, Kimbrelle S. Thommasson, Ken-ichiro Kobayashi, Y. Deng, R. P. Ward, A. Brossard, R. D. Martin, F. Kelly, K. Dering, G. Savvidis, D. Durnford, D. Santos, M. Gros, F. Vazquez de Sola Fernandez, S. Crawford, Ioannis Giomataris, M. Chapellier, P. Gros, I. J. Arnquist, M. Vidal, Jean-François Muraz, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, Khadouja Harouaka, R. Bunker, J.-F. Caron, P. Gorel, O. Guillaudin, E. C. Corcoran, C. Beaufort, R. E. Owen, I. Savvidis, S. Langrock, Levente Balogh, X. F. Navick, L. Kwon, J.-P. Mols, M.-C. Piro, P. O'Brien, G. Gerbier, Thomas James Neep, G. Giroux, A. Dastgheibi Fard, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), NEWS-G, and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Direct detection, Analytical chemistry, Proportional counter, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, fabrication, dark matter: direct detection, 01 natural sciences, thorium: nuclide, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), uranium: nuclide, Electroforming, 0103 physical sciences, Copper plating, Dark matter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], lead: nuclide, 010306 general physics, Electroplating, Instrumentation, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, background: radioactivity, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), background: suppression, Low background, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Rare event, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Copper, 3. Good health, chemistry, copper, Background suppression, proportional chamber, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

New Experiments with Spheres-Gas (NEWS-G) is a dark matter direct detection experiment that will operate at SNOLAB (Canada). Similar to other rare-event searches, the materials used in the detector construction are subject to stringent radiopurity requirements. The detector features a 140-cm diameter proportional counter comprising two hemispheres made from commercially sourced 99.99% pure copper. Such copper is widely used in rare-event searches because it is readily available, there are no long-lived Cu radioisotopes, and levels of non-Cu radiocontaminants are generally low. However, measurements performed with a dedicated 210Po alpha counting method using an XIA detector confirmed a problematic concentration of 210Pb in bulk of the copper. To shield the proportional counter's active volume, a low-background electroforming method was adapted to the hemispherical shape to grow a 500-$��$m thick layer of ultra-radiopure copper to the detector's inner surface. In this paper the process is described, which was prototyped at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA, and then conducted at full scale in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane in France. The radiopurity of the electroplated copper was assessed through Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Measurements of samples from the first (second) hemisphere give 68% confidence upper limits of, 11 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables

Published
2021
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4. Separating $${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$ from $${^{40}\hbox {Ar}}$$ by cryogenic distillation with Aria for dark-matter searches

Author

T. Napolitano, Stefano Cavuoti, A.E. Bondar, H. O. Back, G. De Rosa, Silvia Arcelli, A. Navrer Agasson, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Della Valle, Min-Xin Guan, M. Garbini, Francesca Dordei, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, M. Gromov, M. Carlini, A. M. Goretti, A. Vishneva, E. V. Hungerford, V. Pesudo, P. Garcia Abia, Paolo Castello, S. Torres-Lara, S. Stracka, S. Westerdale, Mario Giorgi, Lance S. Lidey, R. Stefanizzi, G. Fiorillo, T. Erjavec, M. La Commara, A. M. Szelc, O. Dadoun, T. Hugues, Han Wang, D. Dongiovanni, S. Copello, A. Barrado Olmedo, Manuel Colocci, Giovanni Paternoster, Federico Perotti, F. Pietropaolo, S. Rescia, M. Razeti, A. Oleinik, A. Santucci, Sara Sulis, L. P. Rignanese, C. Cicalo, A. Sheshukov, Filippo Resnati, A. Marasciulli, C. Savarese, G. Dolganov, Chung-Yao Yang, Andrea Messina, A. V. Derbin, M. Wada, S. Davini, Alessia Tricomi, F. Coccetti, Thomas Alexander, Angelo Rivetti, Eugenio Scapparone, A. L. Hallin, N. Maccioni, M. Rossi, E. V. Canesi, P. D. Meyers, T. Vallivilayil John, V. N. Muratova, V. Goicoechea Casanueva, E. Picciau, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, D. A. Semenov, P. Di Stefano, Mariano Cadoni, B. Celano, G. K. Giovanetti, Yanchu Wang, K. Kondo, A. Grobov, N. Canci, M. Kuźniak, L. Romero, Z. Balmforth, S. Tosti, S. Farenzena, L. Pagani, Marino Simeone, T. Miletic, D. Franco, A. Devoto, A. Mazzi, Carlo Muscas, V. Cocco, S. Chashin, G. De Guido, P. Kachru, M. Lissia, Gilda Scioli, Valerio Ippolito, V. Strickland, A. K. Alton, E. Frolov, G. Korga, A. L. Renshaw, S. Sanfilippo, M. Rescigno, G. De Filippis, A. Moggi, R. Graciani Diaz, Luisa Cifarelli, S. De Pasquale, A. de Candia, E. Pantic, D. Cintas, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Stringer, Alberto Masoni, S. Cebrián, Marzio Nessi, E. Sandford, B. Schlitzer, E. Sanchez Garcia, Stefania Moioli, S. Bussino, C. J. Jillings, Piero Salatino, M. M. Wojcik, R. Miola, S. Viel, A. D. Martinez Rojas, M. Fernandez Diaz, Darren Price, D. De Gruttola, M. D’Aniello, A. Murenu, C. James, S. De Cecco, Giuseppe Longo, L. Mapelli, Paolo Attilio Pegoraro, E. Conde Vilda, Anselmo Margotti, Xiang Xiao, Andrea Alici, C. Ripoli, E. Paoloni, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, A. Razeto, Pasquale Arpaia, T. N. Thorpe, C. Guo, M. Cadeddu, B. Shaw, A. Basco, G. M. Sabiu, M. P. Zykova, L. Williams, R. I. Avetisov, D. M. Poehlmann, Y. Suvorov, P. Barrillon, A. Kish, I. N. Machulin, R. B. Vogelaar, An. Ianni, A. Martini, A.V. Shchagin, S. Vescovi, A. Buzulutskov, M. Da Rocha Rolo, P. Czudak, T. Viant, Marisa Gulino, Saverio D'Auria, M. K. Daniel, F. Retiere, Marco Pallavicini, B. Bottino, V. A. Sangiorgio, G. Zuzel, Jose Busto, C. Pellegrino, Gigi Cappello, B. Smith, S. Morisi, Vittorio Cataudella, S. S. Poudel, R. A. Giampaolo, J. Maricic, L. Musenich, Simonetta Palmas, F. Lippi, Francesco Ragusa, N. Cargioli, Michele Mascia, A. Gendotti, M. Lai, M. Leyton, O. Smirnov, M. Tuveri, G. Y. Grigoriev, I. Nikulin, Xiujiang Li, T. Pinna, M. I. Martínez, M. Downing, Rosario Nania, M. Masetto, Matteo Morrocchi, M. Kuss, N. Funicello, C. Giganti, G. Batignani, M. Ave, A. Castellani, M. G. Boulay, G. Testera, J. A. Nowak, J. Z. Szucs-Balazs, M. Arba, E. V. Unzhakov, S. Horikawa, S. M. Mari, A. S. Chepurnov, C. Filip, Sebastiano Albergo, M. D. Skorokhvatov, S. Pordes, G. L. Usai, M. L. Gligan, L. La Delfa, F. Raffaelli, A. Moharana, R. Milincic, A. Pocar, A. Franceschi, A. A. Kemp, A. De Falco, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, M. Guetti, A. V. Khomyakov, A. S. Kubankin, R. Tartaglia, G. Buccino, P. Skensved, André Rubbia, T. Mroz, E. Borisova, Pascal Pralavorio, Giovanni Covone, K. Pelczar, Cristiano Galbiati, G. Dellacasa, Giorgio Keppel, S. Langrock, C. L. Kendziora, S. Hill, M. Caravati, F. Carnesecchi, Fabrice Hubaut, R. Kugathasan, Luciano Pandola, A. Caminata, M. Rucaj, R. J. Wheadon, O. Azzolini, F. Gabriele, A. Tonazzo, C. Dionisi, P. Podda, I. Kochanek, J. Rode, M. Guerzoni, Laura A. Pellegrini, Paolo Musico, W. Bonivento, I. Ch. Avetissov, Mauro Marinelli, E. N. Mozhevitina, Andrey Sokolov, B. R. Hackett, A. B. McDonald, F. Zenobio, C. Ghiano, V. Oleynikov, F. Di Eusanio, L. Consiglio, O. Samoylov, P. Cavalcante, L. Di Noto, D. Santone, P. Agnes, S. Falciano, A. Ramirez, M. Haranczyk, S. Catalanotti, Andrea Zani, Antonino Zichichi, V. Santacroce, J. M. Cela Ruiz, D. La Grasta, V. Barbarian, N. Lami, Alberto Gola, and A. Steri

Subjects
Physics, Air separation, Argon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Dark matter, chemistry.chemical_element, Natural abundance, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Fractionating column, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract

Aria is a plant hosting a$${350}\,\hbox {m}$$350mcryogenic isotopic distillation column, the tallest ever built, which is being installed in a mine shaft at Carbosulcis S.p.A., Nuraxi-Figus (SU), Italy. Aria is one of the pillars of the argon dark-matter search experimental program, lead by the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration. It was designed to reduce the isotopic abundance of$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Arin argon extracted from underground sources, called Underground Argon (UAr), which is used for dark-matter searches. Indeed,$${^{39}\hbox {Ar}}$$39Aris a$$\beta $$β-emitter of cosmogenic origin, whose activity poses background and pile-up concerns in the detectors. In this paper, we discuss the requirements, design, construction, tests, and projected performance of the plant for the isotopic cryogenic distillation of argon. We also present the successful results of the isotopic cryogenic distillation of nitrogen with a prototype plant.

Published
2021

5. Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector

Author

Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Oliviéro, Luca Doria, M. G. Boulay, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Stainforth, Stefano Cavuoti, Bei Cai, O. Litvinov, P. Gorel, M. C. Piro, Monica Dunford, O. Kamaev, F. Retiere, S. Viel, P. Skensved, Xiujiang Li, C. Rethmeier, S. S. Farahani, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, C. Jillings, T. Hugues, N. J. T. Smith, D. Gallacher, C. E. Bina, C. Mielnichuk, M. Cadeddu, S. Westerdale, Bhaskar Sur, S. Langrock, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Hamstra, T. Pollmann, P. DelGobbo, S. Garg, M. Kuźniak, V. Pesudo, T. Sonley, B. Jigmeddorj, Jocelyn Monroe, David A. Sinclair, Leszek Roszkowski, A. C. Vincent, S. J. M. Peeters, G. Fiorillo, W. Bonivento, J. Walding, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Giampa, T. Sánchez-Pastor, B. C. Smith, A. Ilyasov, D. J. Auty, I. N. Machulin, M. Lai, M. Stringer, A. B. McDonald, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ajaj, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, A. Erlandson, Martin Ward, Giuseppe Longo, E. T. Rand, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. Garcia Abia, S. Pal, A. Joy, J. Willis, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, A. L. Hallin, B. T. Cleveland, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, A. Grobov, K. Graham, I. Rodríguez-García, S. J. Daugherty, Y. Chen, D. Goeldi, T. McElroy, P. Di Stefano, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Auty, D. J., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cardenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Garces, E. A., Abia, P. Garcia, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I, Kuzniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I, Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Oliviero, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V, Piro, M-C, Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retiere, F., Rodriguez-Garcia, I, Roszkowski, L., Sanchez Garcia, E., Sanchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Viel, S., Vincent, A. C., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuniga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Isovector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isoscalar, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark matter halo, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Halo, 010306 general physics, Magnetic dipole, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon detector aiming to directly detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), located at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). After analyzing data taken during the first year of operation, a null result was used to place an upper bound on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent, isoscalar cross section. This study reinterprets this result within a Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory framework, and further examines how various possible substructures in the local dark matter halo may affect these constraints. Such substructures are hinted at by kinematic structures in the local stellar distribution observed by the Gaia satellite and other recent astronomical surveys. These include the Gaia Sausage (or Enceladus), as well as a number of distinct streams identified in recent studies. Limits are presented for the coupling strength of the effective contact interaction operators $\mathcal{O}_1$, $\mathcal{O}_3$, $\mathcal{O}_5$, $\mathcal{O}_8$, and $\mathcal{O}_{11}$, considering isoscalar, isovector, and xenonphobic scenarios, as well as the specific operators corresponding to millicharge, magnetic dipole, electric dipole, and anapole interactions. The effects of halo substructures on each of these operators are explored as well, showing that the $\mathcal{O}_5$ and $\mathcal{O}_8$ operators are particularly sensitive to the velocity distribution, even at dark matter masses above 100 GeV/$c^2$.

Published
2020

6. Design and construction of a new detector to measure ultra-low radioactive-isotope contamination of argon

Author

C.E. Aalseth, S. Abdelhakim, F. Acerbi, P. Agnes, R. Ajaj, I.F.M. Albuquerque, T. Alexander, A. Alici, A.K. Alton, P. Amaudruz, F. Ameli, J. Anstey, P. Antonioli, M. Arba, S. Arcelli, R. Ardito, I.J. Arnquist, P. Arpaia, D.M. Asner, A. Asunskis, M. Ave, H.O. Back, V. Barbaryan, A. Barrado Olmedo, G. Batignani, M.G. Bisogni, V. Bocci, A. Bondar, G. Bonfini, W. Bonivento, E. Borisova, B. Bottino, M.G. Boulay, R. Bunker, S. Bussino, A. Buzulutskov, M. Cadeddu, M. Cadoni, A. Caminata, N. Canci, A. Candela, C. Cantini, M. Caravati, M. Cariello, F. Carnesecchi, M. Carpinelli, A. Castellani, P. Castello, S. Catalanotti, V. Cataudella, P. Cavalcante, D. Cavazza, S. Cavuoti, S. Cebrian, J.M. Cela Ruiz, B. Celano, R. Cereseto, W. Cheng, A. Chepurnov, C. Cicalò, L. Cifarelli, M. Citterio, F. Coccetti, A.G. Cocco, V. Cocco, M. Colocci, L. Consiglio, F. Cossio, G. Covone, P. Crivelli, I. D'Antone, M. D'Incecco, D. D'Urso, M.D. Da Rocha Rolo, O. Dadoun, M. Daniel, S. Davini, A. De Candia, S. De Cecco, M. De Deo, A. De Falco, G. De Filippis, D. De Gruttola, G. De Guido, G. De Rosa, G. Dellacasa, P. Demontis, S. DePaquale, A.V. Derbin, A. Devoto, F. Di Eusanio, L. Di Noto, G. Di Pietro, P. Di Stefano, C. Dionisi, G. Dolganov, F. Dordei, M. Downing, F. Edalatfar, A. Empl, M. Fernandez Diaz, A. Ferri, C. Filip, G. Fiorillo, K. Fomenko, A. Franceschi, D. Franco, G.E. Froudakis, F. Gabriele, A. Gabrieli, C. Galbiati, M. Garbini, P. Garcia Abia, D. Gascón Fora, A. Gendotti, C. Ghiano, A. Ghisi, S. Giagu, P. Giampa, R.A. Giampaolo, C. Giganti, M.A. Giorgi, G.K. Giovanetti, M.L. Gligan, A. Gola, O. Gorchakov, M. Grab, R. Graciani Diaz, F. Granato, M. Grassi, J.W. Grate, G.Y. Grigoriev, A. Grobov, M. Gromov, M. Guan, M.B.B. Guerra, M. Guerzoni, M. Gulino, R.K. Haaland, B.R. Hackett, A. Hallin, B. Harrop, E.W. Hoppe, S. Horikawa, B. Hosseini, F. Hubaut, P. Humble, E.V. Hungerford, An. Ianni, A. Ilyasov, V. Ippolito, C. Jillings, K. Keeter, C.L. Kendziora, S. Kim, I. Kochanek, K. Kondo, G. Kopp, D. Korablev, G. Korga, A. Kubankin, R. Kugathasan, M. Kuss, M. Kuźniak, M. La Commara, L. La Delfa, M. Lai, S. Langrock, M. Lebois, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, X. Li, Q. Liqiang, M. Lissia, G.U. Lodi, G. Longo, R. López Manzano, R. Lussana, L. Luzzi, A.A. Machado, I.N. Machulin, A. Mandarano, L. Mapelli, M. Marcante, A. Margotti, S.M. Mari, M. Mariani, J. Maricic, M. Marinelli, D. Marras, M. Martínez, J.J. Martínez Morales, A.D. Martinez Rojas, C.J. Martoff, M. Mascia, J. Mason, A. Masoni, A. Mazzi, A.B. McDonald, A. Messina, P.D. Meyers, T. Miletic, R. Milincic, A. Moggi, S. Moioli, J. Monroe, M. Morrocchi, T. Mroz, W. Mu, V.N. Muratova, S. Murphy, C. Muscas, P. Musico, R. Nania, T. Napolitano, A. Navrer Agasson, M. Nessi, I. Nikulin, A. Oleinik, V. Oleynikov, M. Orsini, F. Ortica, L. Pagani, M. Pallavicini, S. Palmas, L. Pandola, E. Pantic, E. Paoloni, G. Paternoster, F. Pazzona, S. Peeters, P.A. Pegoraro, K. Pelczar, L.A. Pellegrini, C. Pellegrino, N. Pelliccia, F. Perotti, V. Pesudo, E. Picciau, C. Piemonte, F. Pietropaolo, A. Pocar, T.R. Pollmann, D. Portaluppi, S.S. Poudel, P. Pralavorio, D. Price, B. Radics, F. Raffaelli, F. Ragusa, M. Razeti, A. Razeto, V. Regazzoni, C. Regenfus, A.L. Renshaw, S. Rescia, M. Rescigno, F. Retiere, L.P. Rignanese, A. Rivetti, A. Romani, L. Romero, N. Rossi, A. Rubbia, D. Sablone, P. Sala, P. Salatino, O. Samoylov, E. Sánchez García, S. Sanfilippo, M. Sant, D. Santone, R. Santorelli, C. Savarese, E. Scapparone, B. Schlitzer, G. Scioli, E. Segreto, A. Seifert, D.A. Semenov, A. Shchagin, A. Sheshukov, S. Siddhanta, M. Simeone, P.N. Singh, P. Skensved, M.D. Skorokhvatov, O. Smirnov, G. Sobrero, A. Sokolov, A. Sotnikov, R. Stainforth, A. Steri, S. Stracka, V. Strickland, G.B. Suffritti, S. Sulis, Y. Suvorov, A.M. Szelc, R. Tartaglia, G. Testera, T. Thorpe, A. Tonazzo, A. Tosi, M. Tuveri, E.V. Unzhakov, G. Usai, A. Vacca, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, M. Verducci, T. Viant, S. Viel, F. Villa, A. Vishneva, R.B. Vogelaar, M. Wada, J. Wahl, J.J. Walding, H. Wang, Y. Wang, S. Westerdale, R.J. Wheadon, R. Williams, J. Wilson, Marcin Wojcik, Mariusz Wojcik, S. Wu, X. Xiao, C. Yang, Z. Ye, M. Zuffa, G. Zuzel, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Italy, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie de la Santé (IFRESIS-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-IFR143, University of Surrey (UNIS), Aalseth, C, Abdelhakim, S, Acerbi, F, Agnes, P, Ajaj, R, Albuquerque, I, Alexander, T, Alici, A, Alton, A, Amaudruz, P, Ameli, F, Anstey, J, Antonioli, P, Arba, M, Arcelli, S, Ardito, R, Arnquist, I, Arpaia, P, Asner, D, Asunskis, A, Ave, M, Back, H, Barbaryan, V, Barrado Olmedo, A, Batignani, G, Bisogni, M, Bocci, V, Bondar, A, Bonfini, G, Bonivento, W, Borisova, E, Bottino, B, Boulay, M, Bunker, R, Bussino, S, Buzulutskov, A, Cadeddu, M, Cadoni, M, Caminata, A, Canci, N, Candela, A, Cantini, C, Caravati, M, Cariello, M, Carnesecchi, F, Carpinelli, M, Castellani, A, Castello, P, Catalanotti, S, Cataudella, V, Cavalcante, P, Cavazza, D, Cavuoti, S, Cebrian, S, Cela Ruiz, J, Celano, B, Cereseto, R, Cheng, W, Chepurnov, A, Cicalo, C, Cifarelli, L, Citterio, M, Coccetti, F, Cocco, A, Cocco, V, Colocci, M, Consiglio, L, Cossio, F, Covone, G, Crivelli, P, D'Antone, I, D'Incecco, M, D'Urso, D, da Rocha Rolo, M, Dadoun, O, Daniel, M, Davini, S, de Candia, A, de Cecco, S, de Deo, M, de Falco, A, de Filippis, G, de Gruttola, D, de Guido, G, de Rosa, G, Dellacasa, G, Demontis, P, Depaquale, S, Derbin, A, Devoto, A, Di Eusanio, F, Di Noto, L, Di Pietro, G, Di Stefano, P, Dionisi, C, Dolganov, G, Dordei, F, Downing, M, Edalatfar, F, Empl, A, Fernandez Diaz, M, Ferri, A, Filip, C, Fiorillo, G, Fomenko, K, Franceschi, A, Franco, D, Froudakis, G, Gabriele, F, Gabrieli, A, Galbiati, C, Garbini, M, Garcia Abia, P, Gascon Fora, D, Gendotti, A, Ghiano, C, Ghisi, A, Giagu, S, Giampa, P, Giampaolo, R, Giganti, C, Giorgi, M, Giovanetti, G, Gligan, M, Gola, A, Gorchakov, O, Grab, M, Graciani Diaz, R, Granato, F, Grassi, M, Grate, J, Grigoriev, G, Grobov, A, Gromov, M, Guan, M, Guerra, M, Guerzoni, M, Gulino, M, Haaland, R, Hackett, B, Hallin, A, Harrop, B, Hoppe, E, Horikawa, S, Hosseini, B, Hubaut, F, Humble, P, Hungerford, E, Ianni, A, Ilyasov, A, Ippolito, V, Jillings, C, Keeter, K, Kendziora, C, Kim, S, Kochanek, I, Kondo, K, Kopp, G, Korablev, D, Korga, G, Kubankin, A, Kugathasan, R, Kuss, M, Kuzniak, M, la Commara, M, la Delfa, L, Lai, M, Langrock, S, Lebois, M, Lehnert, B, Levashko, N, Li, X, Liqiang, Q, Lissia, M, Lodi, G, Longo, G, Lopez Manzano, R, Lussana, R, Luzzi, L, Machado, A, Machulin, I, Mandarano, A, Mapelli, L, Marcante, M, Margotti, A, Mari, S, Mariani, M, Maricic, J, Marinelli, M, Marras, D, Martinez, M, Martinez Morales, J, Martinez Rojas, A, Martoff, C, Mascia, M, Mason, J, Masoni, A, Mazzi, A, Mcdonald, A, Messina, A, Meyers, P, Miletic, T, Milincic, R, Moggi, A, Moioli, S, Monroe, J, Morrocchi, M, Mroz, T, Mu, W, Muratova, V, Murphy, S, Muscas, C, Musico, P, Nania, R, Napolitano, T, Navrer Agasson, A, Nessi, M, Nikulin, I, Oleinik, A, Oleynikov, V, Orsini, M, Ortica, F, Pagani, L, Pallavicini, M, Palmas, S, Pandola, L, Pantic, E, Paoloni, E, Paternoster, G, Pazzona, F, Peeters, S, Pegoraro, P, Pelczar, K, Pellegrini, L, Pellegrino, C, Pelliccia, N, Perotti, F, Pesudo, V, Picciau, E, Piemonte, C, Pietropaolo, F, Pocar, A, Pollmann, T, Portaluppi, D, Poudel, S, Pralavorio, P, Price, D, Radics, B, Raffaelli, F, Ragusa, F, Razeti, M, Razeto, A, Regazzoni, V, Regenfus, C, Renshaw, A, Rescia, S, Rescigno, M, Retiere, F, Rignanese, L, Rivetti, A, Romani, A, Romero, L, Rossi, N, Rubbia, A, Sablone, D, Sala, P, Salatino, P, Samoylov, O, Sanchez Garcia, E, Sanfilippo, S, Sant, M, Santone, D, Santorelli, R, Savarese, C, Scapparone, E, Schlitzer, B, Scioli, G, Segreto, E, Seifert, A, Semenov, D, Shchagin, A, Sheshukov, A, Siddhanta, S, Simeone, M, Singh, P, Skensved, P, Skorokhvatov, M, Smirnov, O, Sobrero, G, Sokolov, A, Sotnikov, A, Stainforth, R, Steri, A, Stracka, S, Strickland, V, Suffritti, G, Sulis, S, Suvorov, Y, Szelc, A, Tartaglia, R, Testera, G, Thorpe, T, Tonazzo, A, Tosi, A, Tuveri, M, Unzhakov, E, Usai, G, Vacca, A, Vazquez-Jauregui, E, Verducci, M, Viant, T, Viel, S, Villa, F, Vishneva, A, Vogelaar, R, Wada, M, Wahl, J, Walding, J, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Westerdale, S, Wheadon, R, Williams, R, Wilson, J, Wojcik, M, Wu, S, Xiao, X, Yang, C, Ye, Z, Zuffa, M, Zuzel, G, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Fédératif de Recherche en Sciences et Ingénierie de la Santé (IFRESIS), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne (ENSM ST-ETIENNE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aalseth, C. E., Abdelhakim, S., Acerbi, F., Agnes, P., Ajaj, R., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alici, A., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Ameli, F., Anstey, J., Antonioli, P., Arba, M., Arcelli, S., Ardito, R., Arnquist, I. J., Arpaia, P., Asner, D. M., Asunskis, A., Ave, M., Back, H. O., Barbaryan, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Batignani, G., Bisogni, M. G., Bocci, V., Bondar, A., Bonfini, G., Bonivento, W., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Bunker, R., Bussino, S., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Candela, A., Cantini, C., Caravati, M., Cariello, M., Carnesecchi, F., Carpinelli, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Catalanotti, S., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavazza, D., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Celano, B., Cereseto, R., Cheng, W., Chepurnov, A., Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Citterio, M., Coccetti, F., Cocco, A. G., Cocco, V., Colocci, M., Consiglio, L., Cossio, F., Covone, G., Crivelli, P., D'Antone, I., D'Incecco, M., D'Urso, D., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., Candia, A. De, Cecco, S. De, Deo, M. De, Falco, A. De, Filippis, G. De, Gruttola, D. De, Guido, G. De, Rosa, G. De, Dellacasa, G., Demontis, P., Depaquale, S., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Eusanio, F. Di, Noto, L. Di, Pietro, G. Di, Stefano, P. Di, Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Downing, M., Edalatfar, F., Empl, A., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ferri, A., Filip, C., Fiorillo, G., Fomenko, K., Franceschi, A., Franco, D., Froudakis, G. E., Gabriele, F., Gabrieli, A., Galbiati, C., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Fora, D. Gascón, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Ghisi, A., Giagu, S., Giampa, P., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Gligan, M. L., Gola, A., Gorchakov, O., Grab, M., Diaz, R. Graciani, Granato, F., Grassi, M., Grate, J. W., Grigoriev, G. Y., Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerra, M. B. B., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Haaland, R. K., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Harrop, B., Hoppe, E. W., Horikawa, S., Hosseini, B., Hubaut, F., Humble, P., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ilyasov, A., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Keeter, K., Kendziora, C. L., Kim, S., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Kopp, G., Korablev, D., Korga, G., Kubankin, A., Kugathasan, R., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Commara, M. La, Delfa, L. La, Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lebois, M., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Liqiang, Q., Lissia, M., Lodi, G. U., Longo, G., Manzano, R. López, Lussana, R., Luzzi, L., Machado, A. A., Machulin, I. N., Mandarano, A., Mapelli, L., Marcante, M., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, M., Maricic, J., Marinelli, M., Marras, D., Martínez, M., Morales, J. J. Martínez, Rojas, A. D. Martinez, Martoff, C. J., Mascia, M., Mason, J., Masoni, A., Mazzi, A., Mcdonald, A. B., Messina, A., Meyers, P. D., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Mu, W., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, S., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Agasson, A. Navrer, Nessi, M., Nikulin, I., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Orsini, M., Ortica, F., Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Palmas, S., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pazzona, F., Peeters, S., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Pellegrino, C., Pelliccia, N., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piemonte, C., Pietropaolo, F., Pocar, A., Pollmann, T. R., Portaluppi, D., Poudel, S. S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Radics, B., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Regazzoni, V., Regenfus, C., Renshaw, A. L., Rescia, S., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Romani, A., Romero, L., Rossi, N., Rubbia, A., Sablone, D., Sala, P., Salatino, P., Samoylov, O., García, E. Sánchez, Sanfilippo, S., Sant, M., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schlitzer, B., Scioli, G., Segreto, E., Seifert, A., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Siddhanta, S., Simeone, M., Singh, P. N., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Sobrero, G., Sokolov, A., Sotnikov, A., Stainforth, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Suffritti, G. B., Sulis, S., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Testera, G., Thorpe, T., Tonazzo, A., Tosi, A., Tuveri, M., Unzhakov, E. V., Usai, G., Vacca, A., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Verducci, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Villa, F., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wada, M., Wahl, J., Walding, J. J., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, R., Wilson, J., Wojcik, Marcin, Wojcik, Mariusz, Wu, S., Xiao, X., Yang, C., Ye, Z., Zuffa, M., Zuzel, G., Aalseth C.E., Abdelhakim S., Acerbi F., Agnes P., Ajaj R., Albuquerque I.F.M., Alexander T., Alici A., Alton A.K., Amaudruz P., Ameli F., Anstey J., Antonioli P., Arba M., Arcelli S., Ardito R., Arnquist I.J., Arpaia P., Asner D.M., Asunskis A., Ave M., Back H.O., Barbaryan V., Barrado Olmedo A., Batignani G., Bisogni M.G., Bocci V., Bondar A., Bonfini G., Bonivento W., Borisova E., Bottino B., Boulay M.G., Bunker R., Bussino S., Buzulutskov A., Cadeddu M., Cadoni M., Caminata A., Canci N., Candela A., Cantini C., Caravati M., Cariello M., Carnesecchi F., Carpinelli M., Castellani A., Castello P., Catalanotti S., Cataudella V., Cavalcante P., Cavazza D., Cavuoti S., Cebrian S., Cela Ruiz J.M., Celano B., Cereseto R., Cheng W., Chepurnov A., Cicalo C., Cifarelli L., Citterio M., Coccetti F., Cocco A.G., Cocco V., Colocci M., Consiglio L., Cossio F., Covone G., Crivelli P., D'Antone I., D'Incecco M., D'Urso D., da Rocha Rolo M.D., Dadoun O., Daniel M., Davini S., de Candia A., de Cecco S., de Deo M., de Falco A., de Filippis G., de Gruttola D., de Guido G., de Rosa G., Dellacasa G., Demontis P., DePaquale S., Derbin A.V., Devoto A., Di Eusanio F., Di Noto L., Di Pietro G., Di Stefano P., Dionisi C., Dolganov G., Dordei F., Downing M., Edalatfar F., Empl A., Fernandez Diaz M., Ferri A., Filip C., Fiorillo G., Fomenko K., Franceschi A., Franco D., Froudakis G.E., Gabriele F., Gabrieli A., Galbiati C., Garbini M., Garcia Abia P., Gascon Fora D., Gendotti A., Ghiano C., Ghisi A., Giagu S., Giampa P., Giampaolo R.A., Giganti C., Giorgi M.A., Giovanetti G.K., Gligan M.L., Gola A., Gorchakov O., Grab M., Graciani Diaz R., Granato F., Grassi M., Grate J.W., Grigoriev G.Y., Grobov A., Gromov M., Guan M., Guerra M.B.B., Guerzoni M., Gulino M., Haaland R.K., Hackett B.R., Hallin A., Harrop B., Hoppe E.W., Horikawa S., Hosseini B., Hubaut F., Humble P., Hungerford E.V., Ianni An., Ilyasov A., Ippolito V., Jillings C., Keeter K., Kendziora C.L., Kim S., Kochanek I., Kondo K., Kopp G., Korablev D., Korga G., Kubankin A., Kugathasan R., Kuss M., Kuzniak M., la Commara M., la Delfa L., Lai M., Langrock S., Lebois M., Lehnert B., Levashko N., Li X., Liqiang Q., Lissia M., Lodi G.U., Longo G., Lopez Manzano R., Lussana R., Luzzi L., Machado A.A., Machulin I.N., Mandarano A., Mapelli L., Marcante M., Margotti A., Mari S.M., Mariani M., Maricic J., Marinelli M., Marras D., Martinez M., Martinez Morales J.J., Martinez Rojas A.D., Martoff C.J., Mascia M., Mason J., Masoni A., Mazzi A., McDonald A.B., Messina A., Meyers P.D., Miletic T., Milincic R., Moggi A., Moioli S., Monroe J., Morrocchi M., Mroz T., Mu W., Muratova V.N., Murphy S., Muscas C., Musico P., Nania R., Napolitano T., Navrer Agasson A., Nessi M., Nikulin I., Oleinik A., Oleynikov V., Orsini M., Ortica F., Pagani L., Pallavicini M., Palmas S., Pandola L., Pantic E., Paoloni E., Paternoster G., Pazzona F., Peeters S., Pegoraro P.A., Pelczar K., Pellegrini L.A., Pellegrino C., Pelliccia N., Perotti F., Pesudo V., Picciau E., Piemonte C., Pietropaolo F., Pocar A., Pollmann T.R., Portaluppi D., Poudel S.S., Pralavorio P., Price D., Radics B., Raffaelli F., Ragusa F., Razeti M., Razeto A., Regazzoni V., Regenfus C., Renshaw A.L., Rescia S., Rescigno M., Retiere F., Rignanese L.P., Rivetti A., Romani A., Romero L., Rossi N., Rubbia A., Sablone D., Sala P., Salatino P., Samoylov O., Sanchez Garcia E., Sanfilippo S., Sant M., Santone D., Santorelli R., Savarese C., Scapparone E., Schlitzer B., Scioli G., Segreto E., Seifert A., Semenov D.A., Shchagin A., Sheshukov A., Siddhanta S., Simeone M., Singh P.N., Skensved P., Skorokhvatov M.D., Smirnov O., Sobrero G., Sokolov A., Sotnikov A., Stainforth R., Steri A., Stracka S., Strickland V., Suffritti G.B., Sulis S., Suvorov Y., Szelc A.M., Tartaglia R., Testera G., Thorpe T., Tonazzo A., Tosi A., Tuveri M., Unzhakov E.V., Usai G., Vacca A., Vazquez-Jauregui E., Verducci M., Viant T., Viel S., Villa F., Vishneva A., Vogelaar R.B., Wada M., Wahl J., Walding J.J., Wang H., Wang Y., Westerdale S., Wheadon R.J., Williams R., Wilson J., Wojcik M., Wu S., Xiao X., Yang C., Ye Z., Zuffa M., Zuzel G., Barrado Olmedo, A., Cela Ruiz, J. M., Da Rocha Rolo, M. D., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Deo, M., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Guido, G., De Rosa, G., Di Eusanio, F., Di Noto, L., Di Pietro, G., Di Stefano, P., Fernandez Diaz, M., Garcia Abia, P., Gascón Fora, D., Graciani Diaz, R., La Commara, M., La Delfa, L., López Manzano, R., Martínez Morales, J. J., Martinez Rojas, A. D., Navrer Agasson, A., Sánchez García, E., and Szelcc, A. M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, gas and liquid scintillators), axions, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), 0302 clinical medicine, Recoil, Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, ionization, double-phase), Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, axions, etc.), Cryogenic detectors, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Noble liquid detectors (scintillation, Cryogenic detectors, Scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas, liquid scintillators), Scintillators, etc.), [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Scintillation and light emission processes (solid, Time projection chamber, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), double-phase), Dark Matter detectors(WIMPs, axions, etc.), Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes(solid, gas and liquid scintillators), scintillation and light emission processes(solid, Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Dark matter, Cryogenic detector, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, gas, ionization, 0103 physical sciences, liquid scintillators), Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Dark Matter detectors (WIMPs, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Canfranc Underground Laboratory, Scintillator, Dark Matter detectors(WIMPs, chemistry, astro-ph.IM, ArDM
Abstract

Large liquid argon detectors offer one of the best avenues for the detection of galactic weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their scattering on atomic nuclei. The liquid argon target allows exquisite discrimination between nuclear and electron recoil signals via pulse-shape discrimination of the scintillation signals. Atmospheric argon (AAr), however, has a naturally occurring radioactive isotope, $^{39}$Ar, a $\beta$ emitter of cosmogenic origin. For large detectors, the atmospheric $^{39}$Ar activity poses pile-up concerns. The use of argon extracted from underground wells, deprived of $^{39}$Ar, is key to the physics potential of these experiments. The DarkSide-20k dark matter search experiment will operate a dual-phase time projection chamber with 50 tonnes of radio-pure underground argon (UAr), that was shown to be depleted of $^{39}$Ar with respect to AAr by a factor larger than 1400. Assessing the $^{39}$Ar content of the UAr during extraction is crucial for the success of DarkSide-20k, as well as for future experiments of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC). This will be carried out by the DArT in ArDM experiment, a small chamber made with extremely radio-pure materials that will be placed at the centre of the ArDM detector, in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain. The ArDM LAr volume acts as an active veto for background radioactivity, mostly $\gamma$-rays from the ArDM detector materials and the surrounding rock. This article describes the DArT in ArDM project, including the chamber design and construction, and reviews the background required to achieve the expected performance of the detector., Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures. Corresponding author: E. S\'anchez Garc\'ia

Published
2020
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7. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author

C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, C. Jillings, C. E. Bina, S. Langrock, T. Sonley, C. M. Nantais, Stefano Cavuoti, Peter Majewski, M. C. Piro, V. V. Golovko, K. Graham, N. J. T. Smith, O. Litvinov, P. Skensved, J. B. McLaughlin, Darren Grant, E. Sanchez Garcia, P. Nadeau, O. Kamaev, I. Kochanek, M. G. Boulay, Min Chen, Martin Ward, D. Gallacher, R. J. Ford, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, F. La Zia, N. Fatemighomi, Giuseppe Longo, T. McGinn, S. Viel, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, A. Erlandson, D. Goeldi, B. Lehnert, V. Pesudo, N. Seeburn, V. Strickland, E. T. Rand, S. Garg, R. Gagnon, K. Dering, C. Mielnichuk, R. Santorelli, Bhaskar Sur, P. Pasuthip, T. McElroy, A. J. Noble, P. Gorel, Xiujiang Li, S. J. M. Peeters, R. Ajaj, B. Beltran, A. Flower, C. Ng, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Joy, J. Walding, M. Waqar, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, J. Willis, M. Batygov, C. Hearns, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, G. R. Araujo, R. Mehdiyev, A. L. Hallin, G. Fiorillo, B. T. Cleveland, F. Retiere, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, B. C. Smith, M. Kuźniak, C. Stone, S. Westerdale, F. A. Duncan, R. Stainforth, B. Broerman, A. Butcher, Bei Cai, C. Ouellet, M. Dunford, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. M. Burghardt, P. Giampa, P. Garcia Abia, Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

Subjects
Dark matter, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, DEAP, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Single phase, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Prior information, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Author(s): Ajaj, R; Araujo, GR; Batygov, M; Beltran, B; Bina, CE; Boulay, MG; Broerman, B; Bueno, JF; Burghardt, PM; Butcher, A; Cai, B; Cardenas-Montes, M; Cavuoti, S; Chen, M; Chen, Y; Cleveland, BT; Dering, K; Duncan, FA; Dunford, M; Erlandson, A; Fatemighomi, N; Fiorillo, G; Flower, A; Ford, RJ; Gagnon, R; Gallacher, D; Garcia Abia, P; Garg, S; Giampa, P; Goeldi, D; Golovko, VV; Gorel, P; Graham, K; Grant, DR; Hallin, AL; Hamstra, M; Harvey, PJ; Hearns, C; Joy, A; Jillings, CJ; Kamaev, O; Kaur, G; Kemp, A; Kochanek, I; Kuźniak, M; Langrock, S; La Zia, F; Lehnert, B; Li, X; Litvinov, O; Lock, J; Longo, G; Majewski, P; McDonald, AB; McElroy, T; McGinn, T; McLaughlin, JB; Mehdiyev, R; Mielnichuk, C; Monroe, J; Nadeau, P; Nantais, C; Ng, C; Noble, AJ; Ouellet, C; Pasuthip, P; Peeters, SJM; Pesudo, V; Piro, MC; Pollmann, TR; Rand, ET; Rethmeier, C; Retiere, F; Sanchez Garcia, E; Santorelli, R; Seeburn, N; Skensved, P; Smith, B; Smith, NJT; Sonley, T; Stainforth, R; Stone, C; Strickland, V; Sur, B; Vazquez-Jauregui, E | Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for weakly interacting massive particles dark matter with a 3.3 ×103 kg single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is kilo electron volt-scale Ar40 nuclear recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by photomultiplier tubes. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ERs) induced by β and γ rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. Pulse-shape discrimination separates ER and NR events. However, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components sets valuable constraints on NR backgrounds including neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of Ar42 in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of K42. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon, e.g., DarkSide-20k, GERDA, or LEGEND. The specific activity of Ar42 in the atmosphere is found to be 40.4±5.9 μBq/kg of argon.

Published
2019

8. Design and construction of the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author

C. Hearns, B. Lehnert, P. Gorel, Randall White, S. Florian, J. B. McLaughlin, A. Kemp, T. Pollmann, S. J. M. Peeters, C. Lim, A. J. Noble, R. Mathew, D. Bishop, K. Olchanski, J. F. Bueno, N. Seeburn, A. Muir, Y. Linn, W. Rau, Shuai Liu, P. Liimatainen, T. McElroy, C. Rethmeier, Stephen Kam-wah Chan, T. Bromwich, Monica Dunford, K. S. Olsen, C. Ouellet, R. Chouinard, P. Nadeau, C. Nantais, C. Ohlmann, C. Ng, Laurelle Maria Veloce, O. Kamaev, S. Langrock, R. Gagnon, P. Amaudruz, A. Butcher, M. Hamstra, Jocelyn Monroe, C. Mielnichuk, B. T. Cleveland, Bhaskar Sur, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, Min Chen, K. W. McFarlane, A. Hall, O. Li, J. Tang, P. Giampa, J. Walding, J. Soukup, M. Batygov, K. Graham, K. Singhrao, R. Stainforth, T. Lindner, A. B. McDonald, Martin Ward, Darren Grant, S. Mead, B. Smith, Bei Cai, R. Gornea, Mark Guy Boulay, Peter Majewski, N. Fatemighomi, P. Skensved, P. Pasuthip, P. M. Burghardt, R. Ford, J. DiGioseffo, J. Lidgard, J. Bonatt, C. Stone, M. Kuźniak, S. Westerdale, N. J. T. Smith, B. Broerman, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, A. Flower, Joanne Taylor, E. Grace, T. Sonley, P. J. Harvey, R. Mehdiyev, A. Erlandson, F. La Zia, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, K. Dering, E. Gulyev, E. O'Dwyer, B. Beltran, S. Dittmeier, E. Woolsey, A. L. Hallin, Gary Boorman, C. J. Jillings, M. Baldwin, B. Shaw, E. T. Rand, C. E. Bina, J. Zielinski, V. Strickland, S. Churchwell, and D. Cranshaw

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, DEAP, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), WIMP, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Physics, Argon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, chemistry, Weakly interacting massive particles, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is $10^{-46}~\rm{cm}^{2}$ for a 100 GeV/$c^2$ WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector., minor corrections in version 2. 70 pages, 24 figures, to be submitted to Astroparticle Physics Journal

Published
2019

9. Precision laser-based measurements of the single electron response of spherical proportional counters for the NEWS-G light dark matter search experiment

Author

P. Gros, A. Kamaha, M. Chapellier, K. Dering, Sue E. Crawford, M. Vidal, Q. Arnaud, P. Knights, G. Savvidis, Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, David G. Kelly, F. Piquemal, G. Giroux, E. C. Corcoran, P. Gorel, Eric W. Hoppe, R. D. Martin, M.-C. Piro, M. Zampaolo, F. Vazquez de Sola Fernandez, I. Katsioulas, D. Durnford, J.-P. Bard, O. Guillaudin, P. Di Stefano, M. Clark, M. Gros, A. Dastgheibi-Fard, G. Gerbier, Jean-François Muraz, J.-P. Mols, I. Giomataris, John F. McDonald, D. Santos, I. Savvidis, P. Lautridou, A. Brossard, S. Langrock, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM - UMR 6417), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de physique subatomique et des technologies associées (SUBATECH), Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), NEWS-G, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
detector: monitoring, X-ray: irradiation, Dark matter, Cosmic ray, Electron, carbon: hydrogen, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, cosmic rays, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Experiments in gravity, neon, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Light dark matter, Physics, laser: ultraviolet, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, dark matter: detector, calibration, sensitivity, Computational physics, efficiency, proportional chamber, Ionization energy, cosmology, performance
Abstract

International audience; Spherical proportional counters (SPCs) are a novel gaseous detector technology employed by the NEWS-G low-mass dark matter search experiment for their high sensitivity to single electrons from ionization. In this paper, we report on the first characterization of the single electron response of SPCs with unprecedented precision, using a UV-laser calibration system. The experimental approach and analysis methodology are presented along with various direct applications for the upcoming next phase of the experiment at SNOLAB. These include the continuous monitoring of the detector response and electron drift properties during dark matter search runs, as well as the experimental measurement of the trigger threshold efficiency. We measure a mean ionization energy of W=27.6±0.2 eV in Ne+CH4 (2%) for 2.8 keV x-rays, and demonstrate the feasibility of performing similar precision measurements at sub-keV energies for future gas mixtures to be used for dark matter searches at SNOLAB.

Published
2019
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10. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author

J. B. McLaughlin, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, P. Nadeau, C. E. Bina, P. Skensved, T. Pollmann, T. Sonley, Y. Linn, B. Lehnert, C. Stone, W. Rau, S. Westerdale, J. F. Bueno, N. Seeburn, T. McElroy, J. Walding, B. Broerman, J. Lidgard, C. Ng, K. Olchanski, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, S. J. M. Peeters, A. Muir, T. Lindner, D. Bishop, K. Graham, K. Singhrao, S. Mead, C. Hearns, K. W. McFarlane, M. Kuźniak, E. T. Rand, P. Gorel, T. Bromwich, A. J. Noble, S. Churchwell, A. Kemp, Joanne Taylor, C. Lim, P. Liimatainen, C. Mielnichuk, E. O'Dwyer, Bhaskar Sur, B. Smith, P. Giampa, E. Grace, Bei Cai, N. Fatemighomi, R. Gornea, R. Ford, R. Mathew, D. Cranshaw, K. Dering, Monica Dunford, P. Pasuthip, O. Kamaev, M. Hamstra, R. Mehdiyev, V. V. Golovko, P. J. Harvey, Martin Ward, Min Chen, N. J. T. Smith, J. Zielinski, A. Erlandson, Gary Boorman, E. Gulyev, F. La Zia, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, Stephen Kam-wah Chan, S. Langrock, B. T. Cleveland, A. Hall, Mark Guy Boulay, R. Gagnon, Pierre-Andre Amaudruz, Jocelyn Monroe, Shuai Liu, J. Bonatt, R. Stainforth, A. B. McDonald, O. Li, J. Tang, B. Beltran, S. Dittmeier, E. Woolsey, A. L. Hallin, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, A. Butcher, B. Shaw, R. Chouinard, C. Ohlmann, F. Duncan, F. Retiere, Darren Grant, Randall White, and K. S. Olsen

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Optical fiber, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Noise (electronics), law.invention, DEAP, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Dark current
Abstract

The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.

Published
2017
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