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Natural products are important resources for the development of agrochemicals. In this paper, the pesticide activities study of the P olygonum cuspidatum crude extracts and the active ingredient resveratrol was carried out. By the method of high-performance liquid chromatography, the active ingredient resveratrol in the P. cuspidatum extracts was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The pesticide activities of the P. cuspidatum extracts and resveratrol were also researched. The content of resveratrol in P. cuspidatum used in the experiment was measured to be 0.516 mg g−1. The activity results showed that the resveratrol exhibited excellent activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vivo (inactivation activity, 48.9%/500 mg L−1 and 15.3%/100 mg L−1 ; curative activity, 50.2%/500 mg L−1 and 22.8%/100 mg L−1 ; and protection activity, 45.2%/500 mg L−1, and 19.5%/100 mg L−1 ), and the activities were higher than that of commercial anti-TMV agent ribavirin. The inactivation activity of P. cuspidatum extracts against TMV in vivo was 38.1%/500 mg L−1 and was equal to that of ribavirin. Polygonum cuspidatum extracts and resveratrol also showed the fungicidal activity, herbicidal activity, and insecticidal activity. In this paper, the results showed that the resveratrol has good prospect of the research and development; it provided necessary data support for further strengthening its application research.