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22 results on '"ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011)"'

1. Lessons learned about the importance of raising risk awareness in the Mediterranean region (north Morocco and west Sardinia, Italy)

Author

A. Ivčević, H. Mazurek, L. Siame, R. Bertoldo, V. Statzu, K. Agharroud, I. Estrela Rego, N. Mukherjee, O. Bellier, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Mediterranean Sea and Coast Foundation (MEDSEA), via Molise 6, 09127, Cagliari, Italy, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), University of the Azores, Brunel University London [Uxbridge], ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016)

Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies, QE1-996.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 01 natural sciences, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Environmental sciences, 13. Climate action, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, GE1-350, TD1-1066, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Code and data availability: The data set and software code are available at: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GMKYQ (Ivčević, 2021). Supplement: The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3749-2021-supplement. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). In order to mitigate the potentially dramatic effects of natural hazards, risk management measures are critical. However, the lack of interdisciplinary indicators and adaptable governance frameworks highlights society's vulnerability in the particular context of global environmental and climate change. This interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying reliable risk indicators and societal responses regarding natural hazards and climate change impacts to provide a governance framework for disaster risk reduction. Different societies face diverse risks and do not necessarily have the same level of local awareness of these risk. To explore the diversity of risks, two sites were selected from the Mediterranean basin, one chosen from the south coast (north Morocco) and the other from the north coast (the Italian island of Sardinia). North Morocco, a region of multi-risks, is characterised by high demographic and economic pressures; west Sardinia has remarkable biodiversity of wetlands and is characterised by high environmental and agricultural pressures, which in both cases intensify the vulnerability of the coastal areas. Testing for the local population's preparedness for future financial protection allowed for discussing the importance of risk awareness sessions or activities as an indicator of risk management. The significance of risk awareness sessions is shown in a quantitative part of the study, and its importance is also discussed with local stakeholders in north Morocco in a qualitative part of the study. It is shown that, although risk awareness sessions are recognised as important in risk management, they are not necessarily implemented. Based on these findings, further ideas on a new series of less descriptive, more dynamic and more user-friendly indicators are suggested. How can risk sessions be a dynamic indicator of a resilient society? The obtained results could serve in future governance frameworks for the mitigation of natural hazards in the Mediterranean region and more widely. Finally, the urgent need for continuous work to overcome the communication gap between the scientific community, risk administrators, civil society and the general population is emphasised. H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (grant no. 713750), the Regional Council of Provence–Alpes–Côte d’Azur and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant nos. ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02, ANR-11-LABE-0061 and ANR-1-1E-0001-02).

Published
2021
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2. Understanding the development of viticulture in Roman Gaul during and after the Roman climate optimum: The contribution of spatial analysis and agro-ecosystem modeling

Author

Alberte Bondeau, Nicolas Bernigaud, Joel Guiot, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Climate change, Gaul, 02 engineering and technology, Archaeological data, 15. Life on land, Roman climate optimum, 01 natural sciences, CONQUEST, Roman vineyards, Geography, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Period (geology), Physical geography, Viticulture, 020701 environmental engineering, Geographical information modeling, Agrosystem modeling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Starting as early as the 6th century BCE in southern Gaul, viticulture extended after the Roman conquest as far as the south of England. This paper presents different types of multi-proxy spatial modeling incorporating climatic, environmental and geohistorical factors to analyze the causes of the expansion of vineyards outside the Mediterranean region in the 1st century CE. The effects of the Roman Climate Optimum on potential wine production were simulated through agrosystem modeling (Lund-Potsdam-Jena-managed-Land). We also produce a predictive model of areas potentially favorable to viticulture in the 1st c. CE, based on a series of geographical, archaeological and paleoclimatic criteria. The results highlight a strong impact of climate change on potential wine production as early as 1st c. BCE and favorable conditions for the development of viticulture as far as northern Gaul throughout the Roman period, especially on soils with southern exposures, along communication routes (main roads and rivers) and close to Roman urban centers. Necessary data to build the model are available at https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/j4gtjy9w87/3.

Published
2021
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3. Litter microbial responses to climate change: How do inland or coastal context and litter type matter across the Mediterranean?

Author

Amine Habib Borsali, Thomas Z. Lerch, Philip Roche, Mohamed Zouidi, Maya Kheir, Anne Marie Farnet da Silva, Fabio Ziarelli, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Dr Moulay Tahar, University of Saida, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Région Provence Alpes Côte d’AzurFédération de Recherche ECCOREV (Ecosystèmes Continentaux et Risques Environnementaux)BIODIVMEX from Program MISTRA, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, General Decision Sciences, Climate change, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, parasitic diseases, 14. Life underwater, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aridity, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, biology, Pistacia, Litterbag transfer, Mediterranean basin, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Pistacia lentiscus, Litter, Environmental science, Climate contrasts, Microbial decomposers, ZABR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, In natura approach
Abstract

International audience; Warmer and drier climates are expected in the Mediterranean basin which is considered as a climate-change hotspot. Here we used climate contrasts across the Mediterranean to mimic climate change effects on litter microbial communities. Litterbags of monospecific (Pinus halepensis and Pistacia lentiscus) and of binary mixtures of litter (Pinus/Pistacia, 50/50) were transferred across contrasted climates between France and Algeria (from a sub-humid to a semi-arid climate). We tested the effect of litter type (species identity, litter-mixing) and of environmental context (coast/inland) on microbial responses to more constraining climate conditions. After 12 months of field incubation, litter chemical properties (C/N and solid-state 13 C NMR) and microbial markers (active microbial biomass (MB), basal respiration (BR), bacterial catabolic and genetic structures (BIOLOG and T-RFLP) were characterized. After transfer, catabolic and genetic structures were different from those of both French and Algerian control and responses depended on the context and on litter type: stronger modifications were observed in inland context, except for microbial communities of Pistacia lentiscus litter (weak variations). However, MB and BR decreased in response to transfer for this litter type. On the other hand, and for either inland or coastal context, MB of Pinus halepensis litter did not vary in response to transfer and BR decreased reflecting microbial performance in sustaining biomass and limiting C losses through respiration. Here, litter mixture did not mitigate the effect of climate stress on microbial communities neither in inland nor in coastal context: lower MB and BR were detected after transfer in inland context whereas lower MB was accompanied by a higher BR in coastal context, reflecting an increase in CO 2 release for a weaker amount of microbial biomass. This study shows that microbial responses to climate change vary with litter type and also with the environmental context.

Published
2021
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4. Nitrogen dynamics in cropping systems under Mediterranean climate: a systemic analysis

Author

Benjamín S. Gimeno, J.P.C. Eekhout, Estela Romero, Gilles Billen, Josette Garnier, Wolfgang Cramer, Maria Luz Cayuela, Margarita Ruiz Ramos, Bruna Grizzetti, Alberte Bondeau, Antonio Vallejo, Diego S. Intrigliolo, Luis Lassaletta, Miguel Quemada, Alberto Sanz-Cobena, Eduardo Aguilera, ETSI Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, CEIGRAM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Edafologia y Biologia aplicada del Segura (CEBAS - CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy, ETSI Agronomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution, Ecotoxicology of Air Pollution (CIEMAT), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 603542,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,LUC4C(2013), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Lassaletta, Luis (0000-0001-9428-2149), Sanz-Cobena, Alberto (0000-0003-2119-5620), Aguilera, Eduardo (0000-0003-4382-124X), Quemada, Miguel (0000-0001-5793-2835), Billen, Gilles (0000-0003-4413-4169), Bondeau, Alberte (0000-0002-8729-5061), Cayuela, María Luz (0000-0003-0929-4204), Cramer, Wolfgang (0000-0002-9205-5812), Eekhout, Joris P.C. (0000-0003-2097-696X), Garnier, Josette (0000-0001-9416-9242), Grizzetti, Bruna (0000-0001-5570-8581), Intrigliolo, Diego S. (0000-0001-5368-5478), Ramos, Margarita Ruiz (0000-0003-0212-3381), Nadal‐Romero, Estela (0000-0003-3115-7572), Vallejo, Antonio (0000-0003-0311-7450), Gimeno, Benjamín S. (0000-0002-8620-7138), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Technical University of Madrid

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Adaptation and mitigation synergies, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen fertilization, Nitrogen pollution, Regional strategies, Mediterranean region, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Systemic analysis, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Nitrogen, Nitrogen-water interaction, Nitrogen fertilizer, Agronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Nutrient pollution, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Cropping
Abstract

Worldwide, Mediterranean cropping systems face the complex challenge of producing enough high-quality food while preserving the quantity and quality of scarce water for people and agriculture in the context of climate change. While good management of nitrogen (N) is paramount to achieving this objective, the efficient strategies developed for temperate systems are often not adapted to the specificities of Mediterranean systems. In this work, we combine original data with a thorough literature review to highlight the most relevant drivers of N dynamics in these semi-arid systems. To do so, we provide an analysis at nested scales combining a bottom-up approach from the field scale, with a top-down approach considering the agro-food system where cropping systems are inserted. We analyze the structural changes in the agro-food systems affecting total N entering the territory, the contrasting response of yields to N availability under rainfed and irrigated conditions in a precipitation gradient, the interaction between N management and climate change adaptation, the main drivers affecting the release of Nr compounds (nitrate, ammonia, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide) compared with temperate systems and finally, the behavior of N once exported to highly regulated river networks. We conclude that sustainable N management in Mediterranean cropping systems requires the specific adaptation of practices to particular local agro-environmental characteristics with special emphasis on water availability for rainfed and irrigated systems. This approach should also include a systemic analysis of N input into the territory that is driven by the configuration of the agro-food system., This work was partly supported by 7th Framework Programmes funded by the European Union through the LUC4C project (Grant Agreement 603542). A Bondeau and W Cramer acknowledge Labex OTMed (ANR-11-LABX-0061) funded by the French Government Investissements d’Avenir program of the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the A∗MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02). The authors are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (AgroSceNA-UP, PID2019-107972RB-I00), the Comunidad de Madrid, Spain (AGRISOST-CM S2018/BAA-4330 pro ject). L Lassaletta is supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and European Commission ERDF Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC-2016-20269), Programa Propio from UPM and acknowledges the Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) and structural funds 2014-2020 (ERDF and ESF). Lassaletta is extremely grateful to Rafael Lassaletta (Nano) for permanent support and care. E Aguilera is supported by a Juan de la Cierva research contract from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FJCI-2017-34077). A Sanz-Cobena grate fully acknowledges the Autonomous Community of Madrid and UPM for their economic support through the research project APOYOJOVENES NFW8ZQ-42-XE8B5K.

Published
2021
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5. Late Holocene relative sea‐level fluctuations and crustal mobility at Bataneh (Najirum) archaeological site, Persian Gulf, Iran

Author

Sedighe Amjadi, Mohammad Esmaeili Jelodar, Morteza Djamali, Christophe Morhange, Nick Marriner, Majid Pourkerman, Hossein Tofighian, Hamid Lahijani, Abdolmajid Naderi Beni, Matteo Vacchi, Giorgio Spada, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institute of Archaeology of Iran, Tehran, Center of International ScientificStudies and Collaborations (CISSC), the Iran National ScienceFoundation (INSF Grant Number: 94‐44915), the French Embassyin Iran, Campus France (PHC GUNDISHAPUR 2016–2017, ProjectNumber: 35630QH, Ministry of Education, Universities and Research (MIUR)Finanziamento delle At-tivita Base di RicercaCentre National de Recherche ScientifiqueLabex OT-MedFrench Embassy in Iran, Campus FranceIran National Science Foundation (INSF)International Scientific Studies and Collaborations, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), Pourkerman, Majid, Marriner, Nick, Morhange, Christophe, Djamali, Morteza, Lahijani, Hamid, Amjadi, Sedighe, Vacchi, Matteo, Jelodar, Mohammad E., Spada, Giorgio, Tofighian, Hossein, Beni, Abdolmajid N., Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Department of Archaeology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, and Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia (DIFA), Università di Bologna

Subjects
ancient harbour, crustal mobility, geoarchaology, Najirum, Persian Gulf, relative sea level, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Fluvial, 01 natural sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, 14. Life underwater, ancient harbour, crustal mobility, geoarchaology, Najirum, Persian Gulf, relative sea level, Sea level, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Flooding (psychology), Crust, 06 humanities and the arts, Diapir, Debris, Oceanography, Facies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The impacts of relative sea‐level (RSL) variations and crust mobility on the development of ancient harbours in the northern Persian Gulf are poorly understood. Many unanswered questions remain with regard to the main reasons for a shift in the location of the most important ancient harbours in the northern part of the Persian Gulf coastal since 50 BC. Furthermore, some important early Islamic harbours, such as Siraf, have ancient city quarters that are today below the present sea level. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between halokinesis and RSL changes using geophysical models and multidisciplinary geoarchaeological methods at the ancient Sassanid–Islamic site of Bataneh (presently known as Najirum) located at the foothill of an active Darang salt diapir. The results reveal that after the mid‐Holocene highstand, RSL regression was not continuous. The studied facies have recorded three RSL oscillations. The oscillations are correlated with the eustatic sea‐level position. During the first lowstand, important Sassanid harbours shifted from Rishar to Apologus. The second lowstand is consistent with the transition of maritime trade from Apologus to Siraf, during the Abbasid dynasty. Uplift of the Bataneh coastal zone exposed the city to risks from flooding and fluvial debris flows. With a modification of the local watershed, runoff water originating from the salt anticlinal was controlled and used for the extraction of gypsum in evaporation ponds. The economic expansion of Siraf led to Bataneh being abandoned with a shift in trade to Kish Island

Published
2021
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6. Between oblivion and drastic evidence: How local communities cope with seismic risk by forgetting and remembering

Author

Sonia Brondi, Raquel Bertoldo, Lucilla Benedetti, Rocco Claudio Tanga, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli studi 'G. d'Annunzio' Chieti-Pescara [Chieti-Pescara] (Ud'A), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd)

Subjects
Risk perception, History, Earthquake, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Face (sociological concept), 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Social memory, 01 natural sciences, Social representations, Place attachment, Risk management, Seismic risk, Everyday life, Empowerment, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, Forgetting, business.industry, Fatalism, Perspective (graphical), Geology, Building and Construction, Public relations, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Residence, business, Settore M-PSI/05 - Psicologia Sociale, Safety Research
Abstract

International audience; Drawing upon a socio-constructivist perspective, this paper aims to gain insight into how two communities in the Italian Apennines region - differentially exposed to severe earthquakes in the past - remember, understand and plan for seismic phenomena. Avezzano was completely devastated in 1915, while the last significant event in Sulmona dates to 1706. However, both communities have indirectly experienced recent serious seismic events (e.g., L'Aquila earthquake in 2009 and Amatrice earthquake in 2016) as well as directly experienced lesser local tremblors. Interviews with citizens (N = 37) and stakeholders (N = 18) were conducted in the two cities and content-analysed with the support of NVivo software. The results show substantial differences in how respondents understand seismic events, access this information and prepare preventive strategies depending on their place of residence and role. The Avezzano community shares a more detached view, while the Sulmona community gives a more concerned picture. Moreover, the stakeholders tend to present an optimistic scenario, while citizens express a more critical viewpoint. Overall, the interview contents may be organised around two main oppositions: fatalism vs. empowerment in the face of an earthquake threat; and the will to forget about this risk vs. the need to remember it. The positioning on these two oppositions is defined by psychological, social and structural characteristics of individuals, and give rise to different representations of seismic risk and management. Such representations have practical implications for how the issue is addressed and faced in the communities' everyday life.

Published
2021
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7. Coastal environments shape chemical and microbial properties of forest litters in circum Mediterranean region

Author

Fabio Ziarelli, Rania Besbes, Anne Pando, Amine Habib Borsali, Jean-Luc Boudenne, Thomas Z. Lerch, Isabelle Laffont-Schwob, Anne Marie Farnet da Silva, Raphaël Gros, University of Saida, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération des Sciences Chimiques de Marseille (FRSCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-08-CESA-0018,MARSECO,Flux de contaminants et fonctionnement des écosystèmes littoraux provençaux: transferts sol-eau-biocénose(2008), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, Litter (animal), Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, litter microbial communities, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Mediterranean area, water potential stress, 14. Life underwater, extracellular enzyme activities, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Genetic diversity, biology, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Pistacia lentiscus, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Spatial ecology, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; This study explores how chemical and microbial properties of litters can be affected by coastal environments across the Mediterranean basin. A litterbag experiment including Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pistacia lentiscus L., collected from both inland and coastal areas was set up in France, Greece and Algeria. Control litterbags were left in their sampling sites and a transfer of litterbags from inland to coastal area was performed to test whether the effect of the specific constraints of coastal environments varies according to the country and the litter type. After 10 months, litter chemical composition (CP/MAS 13 C-NMR) and microbial activities (cellulase, respiration, Biolog) and structure (TRFLP) were analysed. Coastal conditions led to various responses: i) litter aromaticity differed in the coastal zones depending on the country (high in Greek coastal area, low in Algerian coastal zone), ii) less functionally-diversified microbial communities were found in Greek coastal area compared to French and Algerian coasts, iii) genetic diversity and richness were strongly impacted after transfer to the coastal zone whatever the country. The type of litter shaped microbial communities: i) at a local scale i.e. in either coastal or inland area, catabolic profiles and cellulase activities varied with the plant species, ii) at a regional scale, the effect of coastal conditions differed with the plant species (basal respiration, Shannon-Weaver index, catabolic diversity H', cellulases and catabolic profiles). Thus, litter microbial properties differed in coastal environments across the Mediterranean basin and plant litter type plays a major role in microbial properties at large spatial scale.

Published
2021
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8. Response to the comment by A. Salhi (2020) regarding the published article ’Local Risk Awareness and Precautionary Behaviour in a Multi-Hazard Region of North Morocco.’

Author

Raquel Bertoldo, Abdelkhalak Ben Moussa, Hubert Mazurek, Ante Ivčević, Olivier Bellier, Séverin Guignard, Lionel Siame, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), European Project: 7137500(1971), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Risk awareness, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, History, Actuarial science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Sampling (statistics), Geology, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, 01 natural sciences, Multi hazard, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Safety Research, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; In a comment on our manuscript recently published in this journal (Ivčević et al., 2020) [1], Salhi (2020) raises concerns about the manuscript and the study on which it was based, concluding that ‘the article provides a distorted picture of the reality in the study area’. The points raised by the comment are mainly dealing with the literature review and methodological issues related with sampling, and finally little on the content and the results.

Published
2021
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9. Assessing post-Pliocene deformation in a context of slow tectonic deformation: Insights from paleoseismology, remote sensing and shallow geophysics in Provence, France

Author

Vincent Ollivier, Vincent Godard, Franck Thomas, Jules Fleury, Magali Rizza, Doriane Delanghe, Olivier Bellier, Philippe Dussouillez, Jérémy Billant, Brigitte Talon, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, LiDAR, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, slow deformation, OSL dating, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 0211 other engineering and technologies, Paleoseismology, 02 engineering and technology, Active fault, Grain size distribution, 14C dating, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Fault gouge, Natural hazard, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Radiocarbon dating, Digital elevation model, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, electric tomography, seismic hazard, Seismic hazard, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Quaternary, paleoseismology, grain-size distribution, Seismology, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The Provence region, located in the south-east of France, has experienced a few destructive earthquakes during the last centuries, such as the 1909 Lambesc earthquake or the 1509 and 1708 Manosque earthquakes. However, faults in the area experience slow slip rates (

Published
2021
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10. Characterization of the submarine disposal of a Bayer effluent (Gardanne alumina plant, southern France): I. Size distribution, chemical composition and settling rate of particles forming at the outfall

Author

Nicolas Layglon, Olivier Herlory, Christophe Monnin, Stephanie Jacquet, Benjamin Oursel, Cédric Garnier, Deborah Mille, Aurélie Dufour, Sébastien D'Onofrio, Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0010,DRIIHM / IRDHEI,Dispositif de recherche interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux(2011), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and CREOCEAN

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Hydrotalcite, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Settling, Trace metals, Concretion, Aluminum Oxide, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Gardanne alumina plant, Chemical composition, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Outfall, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Size distribution, Pollution, Trace Elements, 020801 environmental engineering, Plume, 13. Climate action, Settling rate, Environmental chemistry, Mediterranean sea, engineering, Environmental science, France, Dispersion (chemistry), Bayer effluent, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The submarine discharge of the high pH clarified Bayer effluent of the Gardanne alumina plant (Marseille region, France) leads to the formation of concretions at the outfall 324 m underwater and to a plume of white particles. The bulk chemical composition of the concretions has been determined by SF-ICP-MS. Mg and Al are the major elements measured with concentrations of a few hundred mg g−1. Ca and S are also found at concentrations in the range of mg g−1. Among the measured trace elements there is a specific interest in As and V because of environmental concerns pointed out by regulation authorities. Their concentrations are of tens to thousands μg g−1, respectively. Concentrations of the other elements are in the range of a few ng g−1 to few hundreds μg g−1. In order to constrain the dispersion of particles in the environment and to understand how chemical elements can be scavenged from or released to seawater, the size distribution of particles composing the concretions has been measured by settling rate experiments and, for each size class of particles, their chemical composition has been determined. For example, As and V are mainly associated to particles with mean diameters between 15.6 and 63 μm and settling rates around 96 m d−1. Overall, all the main elements (Mg, Al, Ca, S) composing concretions are associated to this size class of particles which represents 53–60% of the total concretion mass.

Published
2021
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11. Geoarchaeology as a tool to understand ancient navigation in the northern Persian Gulf and the harbour history of Siraf

Author

Mohammad Esmaeili Jelodar, Morteza Djamali, Majid Pourkerman, Nick Marriner, Giorgio Spada, Hamid Lahijani, Abdolmajid Naderi Beni, Matteo Vacchi, Christophe Morhange, Hossein Tofighian, Sedighe Amjadi, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Théoriser et modéliser pour aménager (UMR 6049) (ThéMA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences (INIOAS), Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, University of Tehran, Institute of Archaeology of Iran, Underwater Archaeology Department, Archaeology Research Centre, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF)94-44915French Embassy in Iran, Campus France (PHC GUNDISHAPUR)35630QHCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Iran's National Elite FoundationCenter of International Scientific Studies and Collaborations (CISSC), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), Pourkerman, Majid, Marriner, Nick, Morhange, Christophe, Djamali, Morteza, Spada, Giorgio, Amjadi, Sedighe, Vacchi, Matteo, Lahijani, Hamid, Esmaeili Jelodar, Mohammad, Tofighian, Hossein, Naderi Beni, Abdolmajid, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate, Urbino University 'Carlo Bo', Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, and Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Università di Pisa

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Persian Gulf, Siraf, Coastal geography, Hiatus, Siraf, Geoarchaeology, Persian Gulf, Shamal winds, Coastal geomorphology, Relative sea level, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), 0601 history and archaeology, 14. Life underwater, Shamal, Geoarchaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, computer.programming_language, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Demise, Archaeology, Coastal geomorphology, Coastal erosion, Geography, 13. Climate action, Relative sea level, Harbour, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Shamal winds, computer
Abstract

International audience; Historical texts and archaeological studies attest to the maritime and trade importance of the Persian Gulf since the Sassanid Empires. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data regarding ancient navigation and the reasons for a shift in m aritim e trade from the western (e.g. Shatt-al-Arab) to eastern (Siraf) Persian Gulf by the Abbasid dynasty. For som e scholars, Siraf was occupied between 360 and 977 CE, after which tim e an earthquake en-trained the dem ise of the city. However, it is unclear when Siraf was founded and how natural navigation conditions changed for ocean-going vessels in harbours of the NW Persian Gulf. To address this knowledge gap, we here present new geoarchaeological data from Siraf. Two anthropogenic facies were detected in drilled cores. They suggest that Siraf dates back to 2 BC-317 CE. After a hiatus, a second occupation phase began during the reign of Shapur II. Relative Sea-Level (RSL) fluctuations, climate change and Persian Gulf bathymetry all affected the possible nautical accessibility of this ancient Persian harbour. A fall in RSL, leading to a shortening of navigable water columns and amplified summertime Shamal wind from 550 CE onwards possibly led to a loss in the im portance of Shatt-al-Arab and other ports in the western Persian Gulf. It appears to have m ade Siraf the best alternative for seafarers. According to the wind regimes, the best time for arrival and departure from Siraf was August and October, respectively. RSL rise and increasing coastal erosion during the winter-tim e Shamal winds led to the degradation of harbour potentialities and was possibly at the origin of econom ic decline and poorly adapted harbour works at Siraf during a 150-year period between 850 and 1000 CE.

Published
2020
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12. The impact of conservation farming practices on Mediterranean agro-ecosystem services provisioning—a meta-analysis

Author

Alberte Bondeau, Heera Lee, Sven Lautenbach, Ana Paula García Nieto, Wolfgang Cramer, Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Faculty of Agriculture, Land use modeling and EcosystemServices, University of Bonn, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), GIScience Research Group, Institute of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 308393,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,OPERAS(2012), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, and Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University

Subjects
Trade-offs, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Conservation agriculture, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Farming system, Soil management, ddc:550, Mediterranean region, Cover crop, Farming practices, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Literature review, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Agroforestry, business.industry, Provisioning, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Earth sciences, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Threatened species, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business
Abstract

International audience; In the Mediterranean region, the long-term provision of agro-ecosystem services is threatened by accelerating climate change, unsustainable farming practices and other pressures. Alternative management practices such as conservation agriculture could be expected to ensure sustainability of ecosystem services from Mediterranean agro-ecosystems. Conservation agriculture is characterized by minimal soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and diversification of crop species. We analyzed the impacts of several forms of alternative agricultural management practices (conservation tillage, cover cropping, mulching, manual weed management, organic fertilizer use, no-irrigation system) on multiple ecosystem services based on 155 published case studies (1994-2015). The effect size of various management options on four pro-visioning and four regulating ecosystem services were quantified. Impacts of conservation management options are not uniform. All regulating services were positively affected by the conservation management options except for the system without irrigation. In contrast, the provisioning services were inconsistently influenced by the conservation management options. For crop yield, environmentally sustainable soil management was beneficial, but organic fertilization (effect size =-0.17), manual weed management (effect size =-0.35) and no-irrigation system (effect size =-0.5) led to lower crop yields. The impact on crop biomass was mainly negative but not significant. Water availability was especially important to enhance both pro-visioning and regulating services. Overall, alternative agriculture management practices led to more positive than negative effects on ecosystem services in the study region. Stimulating the application of conservation management practices is therefore an important policy option for decision makers given the vulnerability of ecosystem services in the Mediterranean basin.

Published
2019
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13. Chronostratigraphy, depositional patterns and climatic imprints in Lake Acigol (SW Anatolia) during the Quaternary

Author

Demory, F., Rambeau, C., Lebatard, A.-E., Perrin, M., Blawal, S., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Rochette, P., Alçiçek, Hülya, Boulbes, N., Bourlès, D., Helvaci, C., Petschick, R., Mayda, S., Moigne, A.-M., Nomade, S., Ponel, P., Vialet, A., Alçiçek, Mehmet Cihat, Aumaître, G., Keddadouche, K., ASTER Team, Ege Üniversitesi, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pamukkale University, Department of Geology, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dokuz Eylül University Department of Geology, J.W. Goethe Universität, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Altenhöferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Ege University, Department of Biology, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ECCOREV Research Federation, projet EPICA, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sedimentology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques de Tautavel, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle – UMR 7194, CNRS – Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR: 11-LABX-0061,Labex OT- Med,ANR-11-LABEX-0061

Subjects
Paleomagnetism, paleoenvironment, reconstruction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evaporite, Turkey, Stratigraphy, chronostratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Quaternary, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, paleoclimate, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Chronostratigraphy, Paleoenvironmental reconstructions, Tephra, depositional environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lacustrine deposit, paleomagnetism, Geology, Quaternary paleoclimatic records, Lake sediment, 13. Climate action, Facies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary rock, Paleomagnetic dating
Abstract

A 601 m long sedimentary sequence was drilled in Lake Acigöl, located in the lakes region of SW Anatolia, near the Denizli travertine from which the oldest hominin of Turkey was unearthed. Among all dating methods applied to the sedimentary sequence, paleomagnetism, through the recognition of geomagnetic chrons, was the most successful and led to a quasi linear age model, with the 601 m long sedimentary record covering the last 2.3 Ma. An attempt to use the atmospherically deposited 10Be as a dating method was not very successful but provides interesting clues on this new method. Long-term lake level changes are depicted through lithological variations, in particular the carbonates and evaporites abundance. This change could be influenced by both long term cooling during the last 2 Ma and tectonic activity, which may in particular be responsible for a maximum water depth at around 1.8 Ma. Despite active tectonic influence, the sedimentary facies description and the magnetic susceptibility record (cleaned from tephra intervals) show that climate fluctuations (i.e., glacial-interglacial alternations) are likely recorded in the sedimentary succession, with warm periods marked by enhanced carbonate precipitation and cold and dry periods characterized by more detrital input linked to reduced vegetation cover and consequently more erosion in the catchment area. Preliminary pollen data, used to interpret magnetic susceptibility fluctuations, show that an average dry and open landscape prevailed around Acigöl lake during the whole record. © 2019, 114Y723 Agricultural Marketing Service, AMS Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Aligarh Muslim University, AMU Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS, This research was funded by TUBITAK-CNRS bilateral cooperation with the grant number of 114Y723 during 2015–2017. The funds by 1) the ECCOREV Research Federation (OSU PYTHEAS, CNRS, AMU) for the project “ACIGOL”, 2) the Labex OT-MED (OSU PYTHEAS, CNRS, AMU) for the project BILAT, 3) and the projet EPICA (INSU 2018; Programme Tellus-INTERVIE) were received during 2017–2018. We thank the Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Freiburg im Breisgau for additional funding. We acknowledge the ALKIM Company for permitting us access and sampling to the core with special gratitude to Mr Hüseyin Ünlü (MSc) who was the director of ALKIM Company in Acigöl during the sampling and Mr. Mahmut Eser (MSc), the manager of the exploitation and Mr. Ünal Arık, present director of the company. The ASTER AMS national facility (CEREGE, Aix en Provence) is supported by the program INSU/CNRS INTERVIE, the ANR through the “Projets thématiques d'excellence” program for the “Equipements d'excellence” ASTER-CEREGE action and IRD. We thank S. Choy and L. Gacem for their help in the 9 Be measurements using the AAS of the LN2C (CEREGE). The data are archived at https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907658 . Appendix A, This research was funded by TUBITAK-CNRS bilateral cooperation with the grant number of 114Y723 during 2015?2017. The funds by 1) the ECCOREV Research Federation (OSU PYTHEAS, CNRS, AMU) for the project ?ACIGOL?, 2) the Labex OT-MED (OSU PYTHEAS, CNRS, AMU) for the project BILAT, 3) and the projet EPICA (INSU 2018; Programme Tellus-INTERVIE) were received during 2017?2018. We thank the Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft Freiburg im Breisgau for additional funding. We acknowledge the ALKIM Company for permitting us access and sampling to the core with special gratitude to Mr H?seyin ?nl? (MSc) who was the director of ALKIM Company in Acig?l during the sampling and Mr. Mahmut Eser (MSc), the manager of the exploitation and Mr. ?nal Ar?k, present director of the company. The ASTER AMS national facility (CEREGE, Aix en Provence) is supported by the program INSU/CNRS INTERVIE, the ANR through the ?Projets th?matiques d'excellence? program for the ?Equipements d'excellence? ASTER-CEREGE action and IRD. We thank S. Choy and L. Gacem for their help in the 9Be measurements using the AAS of the LN2C (CEREGE). The data are archived at https://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907658.

Published
2020
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14. Interconnection salt diapir-allochthonous salt sheet in northern Tunisia: The Lansarine-Baoula case study

Author

Chahreddine Naji, Zayneb Amri, Olivier Bellier, Amara Masrouhi, Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, King Abdulaziz University, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR11-IDEX-0001-02Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (CERTE, Geo-resources Laboratory)French Ministry of Foreign Affairs grant through French Embassy in Tunisia (CMCU program), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mini-basinThrust, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aptian, Allochthonous salt sheets, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fault (geology), Diapir, Structural basin, North tunisian atlas, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Structural complexity, Passive margin, Sedimentary rock, Cenozoic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

International audience; Surface and subsurface data are used to illustrate the halokinetic style, structural evolution and kinematics of the Lansarine–Baouala salt structure in the Alpine domain of Tunisia. It corresponds to a salt structure showing a large salt canopy overhanging buried diapir. The salt structure is located along the main fault systems, inherited from the southern Tethyan passive margin periods. The Northern domain of Tunisia is undergoing diapirism, which has been recognized as active during the Upper Aptian and Lower Albian periods. Above the diapir apex, salt flows outward and spreads by gravity downslope. A minibasin has formed during this period of salt outward evacuation. The minibasin has a thickness practically correlated to the budget of salt evacuation toward the diapiric structure. During Cenozoic times, compressional deformation stages do not reflect active diapirism. The Lansarine–Baouala salt structure, consisting of connected salt sheets, was passively transported on the Southeast-verging major thrusts that are deeply rooted in the salt beneath the Mateur basin. The Northern Atlas of Tunisia reveals, as many others salt provinces, an interconnection of salt diapirs and significant laterally spreading allochthonous salt sheets (canopies?). In this domain, the inherited allochthonous Triassic salt sheets interlayered within recent series and connected to buried diapir have a significant role in the shallow structural complexity observed in the sedimentary cover during the subsequent contractional events.

Published
2020
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15. Enhanced Growth Rates of the Mediterranean Mussel in a Coastal Lagoon Driven by Groundwater Inflow

Author

Aladin Andrisoa, Franck Lartaud, Valentí Rodellas, Ingrid Neveu, Thomas C. Stieglitz, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for TropicalWater and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Australia], James Cook University (JCU)-James Cook University (JCU), ANR-14-ACHN-0007,medLOC,Revisiter la connectivité terre-mer - une approche intégrée pour mieux comprendre les effets des eaux souterraines sur les écosystèmes côtiers(2014), ANR: 11-LABX-0061,Labex OT- Med,ANR-11-LABEX-0061, European Project: No 748896,GRECO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean mussel, animal structures, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, coastal lagoon, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, groundwater discharge, Condition index, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, condition index, Groundwater discharge, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Trophic level, Global and Planetary Change, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Mussel, biology.organism_classification, 6. Clean water, Mytilus, Fishery, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, growth rate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Groundwater
Abstract

International audience; Groundwater discharge is today recognized as an important pathway for freshwater, nutrients and other dissolved chemical substances to coastal systems. While its effect on supporting primary production in coastal ecosystems is increasingly recognized, its impact on growth of animals at higher trophic level (primary and secondary consumers) is less well documented. Here, we investigate the impact of groundwater discharge on the growth of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in a coastal lagoon. Growth rates and condition index (tissue weight/shell weight) of mussels growing at groundwater-exposed sites and at a control site in Salses-Leucate lagoon (France) were measured. The mussels in this lagoon produce circadian (daily rhythm) growth increments in their shell, as opposed to semi-diurnal increments in tidally influenced systems. Mussels from groundwater-influenced sites have higher growth rate and condition index compared to those from a control site. Importantly, growth rates from groundwater-influenced sites are amongst the highest rates reported for the Mediterranean region (41 ± 9 µm d −1). The higher growth rates at groundwater-influenced sites are likely a consequence of both the higher winter temperatures of lagoon water as a result of groundwater discharging with relatively constant temperatures, and the groundwater-driven nutrient supply that increase the food availability to support mussel growth. Overall, this study demonstrates that groundwater discharge to Mediterranean lagoons provides favorable environmental conditions for fast growth of mussels of high commercial-quality.

Published
2019
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16. Indicators in risk management: Are they a user-friendly interface between natural hazards and societal responses? Challenges and opportunities after UN Sendai conference in 2015

Author

Abdelkhalak Ben Moussa, Olivier Bellier, Ante Ivčević, Hubert Mazurek, Lionel Siame, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), DOC2AMU, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011), ANR: 11-LABX-0061,Labex OT- Med,ANR-11-LABEX-0061, European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département de Géologie, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE)-Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), European Union (EU)713750Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02French Government - Labex OT-Med ANR-11-LABEX-0061French National Research Agency (ANR)ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), and ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Vulnerability, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, risk management, Societal response, Natural hazard, 11. Sustainability, Indicators, education, Environmental planning, Risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Sendai, Natural hazards, Geology, Building and Construction, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, indicators, natural hazards, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, Analytics, Scale (social sciences), societal response, business, Safety Research
Abstract

Risk management indicators are used to mitigate the potentially dramatic effects of natural hazards. Local authorities and managers use them in elaborating rescue and urbanism plans, which do not always work, highlighting society’s vulnerability in the particular context of global environmental and climate changes. Within this context, the United Nations (Sendai, 2015) advised to construct a series of indicators to better cope with human losses and economic disasters. Actually, the question is whether or not such indicators do constitute successful decision-making tools. In this article, we critically reviewed the recent literature (from 2013 to 2017) using the Web of Science database of Clarivate Analytics to assess how indicators are currently being constructed in risk management, with a focus on risks of inundations, coastal and seismic risks. This task allowed us to discuss the spatial and temporal scale at which indicators of risk management can be applicable, to what extent they should be physically oriented and if they can fit the needs of governance framework. Based on our findings, we suggest further work on a new series of less descriptive, more dynamic and more user-friendly indicators. Finally, we encourage the dire need for continuous work to overcome the misinterpretation of used indicators and how to reduce the communication gap between the scientific community, decision makers, managers and the population.

Published
2019
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17. Vertical motions and their effects on a biogeochemical tracer in a cyclonic structure finely observed in the Ligurian Sea

Author

Francesco d'Ovidio, Pierre Marrec, Francois Carlotti, Léo Berline, Gérald Grégori, M. Bonal, Alice Pietri, A. de Verneil, Louise Rousselet, François Simon-Bot, Melilotus Thyssen, Anne Petrenko, A. Della Penna, Andrea Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), New York University [Abu Dhabi], NYU System (NYU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Washington [Seattle], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), ANR-09-CEXC-0006,FOCEA,Excellence pour une synergie observation-modèle et l'évaluation de l'état écologique de la Méditerranée Nord Occidentale(2009), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), European Project: 624170,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF,SEAQUEST(2015), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))

Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Mesoscale meteorology, vertical velocities estimated with ω‐equation, high‐resolution reconstructions of 3‐D fields, Oceanography, vertical velocities estimated with ω-equation, 01 natural sciences, particle distribution as a tracer for vertical advection, Geochemistry and Petrology, Phénomènes atmosphériques, TRACER, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Géographie physique, 14. Life underwater, Adiabatic process, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, high-resolution reconstructions of 3-D fields, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Geophysics, Sciences de l'espace, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, vertical velocities estimated with omega-equation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Particle, Vector field, Geology, Geostrophic wind
Abstract

Vertical velocities can be estimated indirectly from in situ observations by theoretical frameworks like the ω-equation. Direct measures of vertical exchanges are challenging due to their typically ephemeral spatiotemporal scales. In this study we address this problem with an adaptive sampling strategy coupling various biophysical instruments. We analyze the 3-D organization of a cyclonic mesoscale structure finely sampled during the Observing Submesoscale Coupling At High Resolution cruise in the Ligurian Sea during fall 2015. The observations, acquired with a moving vessel profiler, highlight a subsurface low-salinity layer (≃50 m), as well as rising isopycnals, generated by geostrophic cyclonic circulation, in the structure's center. Reconstructed 3-D fields of density and horizontal velocities are used to estimate the vertical velocity field down to 250 m by applying the adiabatic QG ω-equation, for the first time in this region. The vertical motions are characterized by multipolar patterns of downward and upward velocities on the edges of the structure and significantly smaller vertical velocities in its center. Both the 3-D distribution of particles (size ≥100 μm), measured with a laser optical plankton counter, and the Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus abundances (cell per cubic meter) measured by flow cytometry are consistent with the 3-D velocity field. In particular, a secondary vertical recirculation is identified that upwells particles (from 250 to 100 m) along isohalines to the structure's center. Besides demonstrating the effect of vertical patterns on biogeochemical distributions, this case study suggests to use particle matter as a tracer to assess physical dynamics., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019
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18. Impacts of urbanization around Mediterranean cities: changes in ecosystem service supply

Author

Ilse R. Geijzendorffer, Alberte Bondeau, Philip Roche, Francesc Baró, Wolfgang Cramer, Ana P. García-Nieto, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambiental (ICTA), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Cramer, Wolfgang, Geography, Sociology, Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 308393,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,OPERAS(2012), European Project: 308454,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2012-two-stage,EU BON(2012), and European Project: 641762,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,ECOPOTENTIAL(2015)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Land cover, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, spatial analysis, Population, General Decision Sciences, population, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Ecosystem services, Agricultural land, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, Trend, Urban, Rural, education, Socioeconomics, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Sustainable development, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Nature's contributions to people, Spatial analysis, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, trend, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, rural, urban, nature’s contributions to people
Abstract

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552 Urbanization is an important driver of changes in land cover in the Mediterranean Basin and it is likely to impact the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ES). The most significant land cover changes occur in the peri-urban zone, but little is known about how these changes affect the ES supply. For eight European and four North African cities, we have quantified changes in peri-urban land cover, for periods of sixteen years (1990-2006) in the Northern African, and twenty-two years (1990-2012) in the European cities, respectively. Using an expert-based method, we derived quantitative estimates of the dynamics in the supply of twenty-seven ES. The nature of land cover changes slightly differed between European and North African Mediterranean cities, but overall it increased in urban areas and decreased in agricultural land. The capacity of the peri-urban areas of Mediterranean cities to supply ES generally reduced over the last 20-30 years. For nine ES the potential supply actually increased for all four North African cities and three out of the eight European cities. Across all cities, the ES timber, wood fuel and religious and spiritual experience increased. Given the expected increase of urban population in the Mediterranean Basin and the current knowledge of ES deficits in urban areas, the overall decrease in ES supply capacity of peri-urban areas is a risk for human well-being in the Mediterranean and poses a serious challenge for the Sustainable Development Goals in the Mediterranean basin.

Published
2018
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19. Amélioration de la détection des racines ligneuses par polarisation provoquée en temps et fréquence: expérimentations du laboratoire au terrain

Author

Ginette Saracco, Michel Vennetier, Patrice Mériaux, Christian Camerlynck, F. Abdulsamad, Benjamin Mary, Laurent Peyras, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), from CNRS :ECCOREV, Detecine, Labex OTMed (no ANR11-LABX-0061), A*MIDEX project (no ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), CEREGE, IRSTEA, IMBE, Labex OTMed, ECCOREV, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Investissements d'Avenir) program of the French National Research Agency through A*MIDEX project, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, roots, Materials science, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Electrical measurement, Polarimetry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Plant Science, Root system, Silt, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Biogeophysics, Induced polarization, DETECTION, POLARIMETRIE, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, polarimetry, Earth dike materials, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 15. Life on land, Polarization (waves), DIGUE EN TERRE, RACINE, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Amplitude, earth levee, Coarse root detection, Induced polarization IP, Wood properties, MESURE ELECTRIQUE, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Aims: Over the last decade the induced polarization (IP) method has emerged as a promising tool for biogeophysics.Methods: In this work, in addition to electrical resistivity methods. IP was tested experimentally as a proxy for identifying and discriminating tree coarse roots from the surrounding soil. This study permitted to show the effect of polarisation at low frequencies (

Published
2017
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20. Cartographie des systèmes racinaires implantés dans les digues par la méthode de polarisation provoquée : étude de l'influence de la teneur en eau du sol

Author

Christian Camerlynck, Laurent Peyras, Ginette Saracco, Michel Vennetier, Patrice Mériaux, Benjamin Mary, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECCOREV, Labex OTmed (no ANR 11-LABX-0061), 'Detecine' A*MIDEX projet (no ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), CEREGE, IRSTEA, IMBE, Labex OTMed, ECCOREV, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), IRSTEA, ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), and ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011)

Subjects
Absorption of water, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Field experiment, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, INDUCED POLARIZATION (IP), 01 natural sciences, Induced polarization, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], EMBANKMENT HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, ROOT DETECTION, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [SPI.GCIV.CH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Geophysics, Hydric soil, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SOIL MOISTURE, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, ELECTRICAL PROSPECTING, ZABR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE [TR2_IRSTEA]RIVAGE; International audience; In this study, we assessed induced polarization as potential non-destructive method for root detection in dike embankments. We used both laboratory and field experiment to describe the electrical signal with a focus on soil water content. Our objective was to determine in which hydric state of the soil, and related electrical properties, roots could be accurately discriminated. We hypothesized that preferential water zone absorption near the roots could, in some conditions, contribute to locate them. During the laboratory experiments, we compared the response of containers filled with the same homogeneous silty clay bare material, and without (A) or with freshly cut root (B) at different levels of soil water content. Resistivity and phase variations with soil water content indicated that it was preferable to work in dry conditions since the contrast was higher. Interactions and overlapping between polarization effects of both root and soil made it difficult to interpret first chargeability maps. This led us to study temporal-spatial variations by considering the dynamics of water absorption during a field experiment. High resolution time lapses images showed a correlation between root location and complex resistivity anomalies. Although these first results have to be confirmed by further measurements, induced polarization seems to add useful information to interpret anomalies produced by woody roots.

Published
2016
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21. Vulnerability of Mediterranean Ecosystems to Long-Term Changes along the Coast of Israel

Author

Sabine Le Burel, Thierry Otto, Dov Zviely, Christophe Morhange, Joel Guiot, Elise Van Campo, Michal Artzy, David Kaniewski, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ANR: 11-LABX-0061,Labex OT- Med,ANR-11-LABEX-0061, ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02/11-IDEX-0001,AMIDEX,AMIDEX(2011), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Environmental Impacts, Conservation of Natural Resources, Geologic Sediments, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Coastal ecosystems, Global Warming, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, Marine ecology, Mediterranean sea, Urbanization, Mediterranean Sea, Ecosystem, Coastal ecology, 14. Life underwater, Israel, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Drought, Fresh water, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Global warming, Biology and Life Sciences, Global change, 15. Life on land, Urban ecology, Habitat destruction, Geography, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, Pollen, lcsh:Q, Bay, Research Article
Abstract

International audience; Although human activity is considered to be a major driving force affecting the distribution and dynamics of Mediterranean ecosystems, the full consequences of projected climate variability and relative sea-level changes on fragile coastal ecosystems for the next century are still unknown. It is unclear how these waterfront ecosystems can be sustained, as well as the services they provide, when relative sea-level rise and global warming are expected to exert even greater pressures in the near future (drought, habitat degradation and accelerated shoreline retreat). Haifa Bay, northern Israel, has recorded a landward sea invasion, with a maximum sea penetration 4,000 years ago, during an important period of urban development and climate instability. Here, we examine the cumulative pressure of climate shifts and relative sea-level changes in order to investigate the patterns and mechanisms behind forest replacement by an open-steppe. We provide a first comprehensive and integrative study for the southern Levant that shows that (i) human impact, through urbanization, has been the main driver behind ecological erosion in the past 4,000 years; (ii) climate pressures have reinforced this impact; and (iii) local coastal changes have played a decisive role in eroding ecosystem resilience. These three parameters, which have closely interacted during the last 4,000 years in Haifa Bay, clearly indicate that for an efficient management of the coastal habitats, anthropogenic pressures linked to urban development must be reduced in order to mitigate the predicted effects of Global Change.

Published
2014
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22. Local risk awareness and precautionary behaviour in a multi-hazard region of North Morocco

Author

Lionel Siame, Hubert Mazurek, Abdelkhalak Ben Moussa, Ante Ivčević, Olivier Bellier, Séverin Guignard, Raquel Bertoldo, Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale (LPS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), ANR-11-LABX-0061,OTMed,Objectif Terre : Bassin Méditerranéen(2011), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), European Project: 713750,H2020,H2020-MSCA-COFUND-2015,DOC2AMU(2016), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Risk awareness, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Vulnerability, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Multiple correspondence analysis, 11. Sustainability, Local population, 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, Risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, business.industry, Geology, Building and Construction, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Multi hazard, Geography, 13. Climate action, business, Safety Research
Abstract

International audience; North Morocco (region Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima) is characterized by high demographic and economic pressures, which intensify the vulnerability of the coastal areas. Morocco lies both along the Atlantic and the Mediterranean coast, having a rich relief of mountain chains (Atlas and Rif). This diverse context induces the challenge of adapting to environments that are drastically different, and of answering the question to which extent the local population is aware of different natural risks. Risk awareness is addressed as a predictor of precautionary behaviour in a questionnaire-based survey. Here the variables explaining the readiness of inhabitants to protect themselves and their belongings from natural risks in the present and the willingness to invest and to protect in the future are explored. Furthermore, based on the different response patterns in the survey, we used multiple correspondence analysis to identify profiles of typical dwellers. The results indicate local regional differences, where the Rif Mountain dwellers are more prone to protect themselves than the ones living in other parts of North Morocco. Finally, environmental identity indicates that the relationship with nature has an impact on risk awareness and precautionary behaviour. This study brings out information which could be useful for policy makers who should promote ecological concerns and encourage local action in resolving environmental issues when promoting risk mitigation measures.

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