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7 results on '"Cyril Castanet"'

1. How to highlight slash-and-burn agriculture in ancient soils? A modern baseline of agrarian fire imprint in the Guatemalan lowlands using charcoal particle analysis

Author

Lydie Dussol, Louise Purdue, Boris Vannière, Eva Lemonnier, Marc Testé, François Orange, Isabelle Théry-Parisot, Cyril Castanet, Aline Garnier, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business.industry, Slash-and-burn, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Agrarian society, Infiltration (hydrology), Soil structure, Taxon, Agriculture, visual_art, Soil water, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Environmental science, 0601 history and archaeology, Physical geography, business, Charcoal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper deals with the identification of past slash-and-burn agriculture in soils. Slash-and-burn is inferred to have been used by ancient people since the emergence of agriculture but its detection in archaeological and paleoenvironmental records often remains ambiguous, mainly because we lack knowledge about how agrarian fires are recorded in soils. We study charcoal assemblages from profiles excavated in four contemporary farm plots in the tropical forest of northern Guatemala, in order to provide a baseline of the slash-and-burn signature. By combining analyses of charcoal >2 mm (pedoanthracology) with infra-millimetric charcoal 100–400 µm, we compare charcoal concentration, distribution of size classes, morphotypes and taxon spectra between plots and between layers in each profile. Our results show that 1) different practices (length of cultivation cycle, duration of use, number of fires) leave different charcoal assemblages; 2) soil structure and porosity seem to greatly impact the preservation of the slash-and-burn signal by modifying the degree of infiltration of infra-millimetric charcoal; 3) infra-millimetric particles identified as Asteraceae achenes are homogenously abundant in the profiles, suggesting that achenes have a different behavior in soils compared to the other particles, and that they might be more impacted by aerial transport. Our study shows that the combination of pedoanthracology with analysis of infra-millimetric soil charcoal has the potential to track changing slash-and-burn regimes, and thus to clarify spatial–temporal patterns of agriculture intensification and extensification in people history.

Published
2021
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2. The phytoliths of Naachtun (Petén, Guatemala): Development of a modern reference for the characterization of plant communities in the Maya Tropical Lowlands

Author

Louise Purdue, Cyril Castanet, Philippe Nondédéo, Lydie Dussol, Eva Lemonnier, Enecon Oxlaj, Marc Testé, Nicole Limondin-Lozouet, Aline Garnier, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Organización de Manejo y Conservación (OMYC), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Naachtun, Phytoliths assemblages, Ecosystem, Transect, Phytolith indexes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Paleontology, Plant community, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, Maya Lowland, Phytolith, Petén forests, Quadrat, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Bioindicator, Sival wetland, Undergrowth
Abstract

International audience; Phytoliths, unlike pollen and charcoal, are frequently conserved in sediments in the Maya lowlands but are rarely used as paleoenvironmental proxies. To better interpret and reconstruct paleoecological signatures and changes, it is necessary to provide current analogues of fossil assemblages. To do so, we selected six modern ecosystems and differentiated them by their soil phytolith assemblages in the ancient Maya city of Naachtun (northern Petén, Guatemala). We studied the plant communities and relative phytoliths frequencies in surface soils on four north-south vegetation transect, composed of 43 quadrats. These transects cross forests and savannahs in low swampy areas North and South of the site, and hill forest in its center, where the city was built. Quadrats were statistically compared using multivariate analyses (CA). Six types of plant communities were characterized by their phytolith assemblages, as well as on the presence of siliceous bioindicators such as diatoms and sponges. The D/P and LU indexes developed for these assemblages allow us to provide a precise signature of the current vegetation cover, and identify the presence of undergrowth in forest areas, or forest edges in savannah areas. This first modern phytolith reference for the Maya area will contribute to the development of paleoecological reconstructions for this zone.

Published
2020
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3. Lateglacial changes in river morphologies of northwestern Europe: An example of a smooth response to climate forcing (Cher River, France)

Author

Clément Recq, Cyril Castanet, Emmanuèle Gautier, Philippe Gardère, Anaëlle Vayssière, Edit Thamó-Bozsó, Clément Virmoux, Mathieu Rue, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléotime, Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Lateglacial, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, Fluvial, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Floodplain Lateglacial, Fluvial metamorphosis, Aggradation, Loess, Tributary, Palaeochannel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cher River, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, Channel (geography), Geology
Abstract

International audience; Climatic oscillations occurring during the Pleniglacial and Lateglacial periods are generally associated with several changes in fluvial morphology and processes. This study investigated two reaches of the Cher River basin (Noyers-sur-Cher and Thénioux) regarding morphological adjustments during the Lateglacial period and the early Holocene. Transitions from the Pleniglacial to the Lateglacial and from the Lateglacial to the early Holocene (ca. 14,700–11,500 cal. BP) are considered as interesting study cases because it consists of rapid and abrupt climate oscillations generally clearly recorded in current floodplains. The sites studied are located in the Cher River floodplain, which is one of the main tributaries of the Loire River. Several investigations have been conducted in the main valley, but few of them specifically focused on geomorphological evolutions of medium-sized catchments such as tributaries of the Loire River. Therefore, we examined this specific period through investigations recently conducted in the middle valley of the Cher River. This study aimed to (1) provide a geomorphological approach to fluvial adjustments during the Lateglacial from cases located in lowland areas of a medium-sized basin and (2) analyse the spatio-temporal variability of fluvial responses. Assessment of geomorphological trajectories of the two reaches studied highlights that fluvial metamorphosis occurring during the Lateglacial and early Holocene seems to be characterised by lateral readjustments and a low signal of morphological instability (shallow incision and aggradation processes, slow and progressive change in channel morphology). This observation is enhanced by the comparison with known geomorphological evolution patterns of adjacent basins. The intrinsic components of the Cher basin such as slope and valley width were considered as explanatory factors for the lack of morphogenetic processes. In addition, the geographical location of the reaches studied may also have led to a moderated expression of climate forcing. Indeed, the elevation as well as the north– south and east–west gradients may contribute to the low level of geomorphological adjustments in response to these climatic oscillations. This gradient could also have support this the fluvial response because of the weakly developed loess cover, which may have limited the fine sediment supply and the aggradation of the valley bottom.

Published
2019
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4. Ancient lowland Maya complexity as revealed by airborne laser scanning of northern Guatemala

Author

Tomáš Drápela, Cyril Castanet, Luke Auld-Thomas, Stephen Houston, Philippe Nondédéo, Thomas G. Garrison, Antolín Velasquez, David Chatelain, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Diaz, Mary Jane Acuña, Marcello A. Canuto, Alexandre Tokovinine, Ramesh Shrestha, Damien Marken, Francisco Estrada-Belli, Carlos Chiriboga, Tibor Lieskovský, Milan Kováč, Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, geography, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, business.industry, Range (biology), Population, Biosphere, Distribution (economics), Wetland, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Urbanization, Period (geology), Maya, 0601 history and archaeology, business, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Lowland Maya civilization flourished from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE in and around the Yucatan Peninsula. Known for its sophistication in writing, art, architecture, astronomy, and mathematics, this civilization is still obscured by inaccessible forest, and many questions remain about its makeup. In 2016, the Pacunam Lidar Initiative (PLI) undertook the largest lidar survey to date of the Maya region, mapping 2144 km 2 of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in Guatemala. The PLI data have made it possible to characterize ancient settlement and infrastructure over an extensive, varied, and representative swath of the central Maya Lowlands. RATIONALE Scholars first applied modern lidar technology to the lowland Maya area in 2009, focusing analysis on the immediate surroundings of individual sites. The PLI covers twice the area of any previous survey and involves a consortium of scholars conducting collaborative and complementary analyses of the entire survey region. This cooperation among scholars has provided a unique regional perspective revealing substantial ancient population as well as complex previously unrecognized landscape modifications at a grand scale throughout the central lowlands in the Yucatan peninsula. RESULTS Analysis identified 61,480 ancient structures in the survey region, resulting in a density of 29 structures/km 2 . Controlling for a number of complex variables, we estimate an average density of ~80 to 120 persons/km 2 at the height of the Late Classic period (650 to 800 CE). Extrapolation of this settlement density to the entire 95,000 km 2 of the central lowlands produces a population range of 7 million to 11 million. Settlement distribution is not homogeneous, however; we found evidence of (i) rural areas with low overall density, (ii) periurban zones with small urban centers and dispersed populations, and (iii) urban zones where a single, large city integrated a wider population. The PLI survey revealed a landscape heavily modified for intensive agriculture, necessary to sustain populations on this scale. Lidar shows field systems in the low-lying wetlands and terraces in the upland areas. The scale of wetland systems and their association with dense populations suggest centralized planning, whereas upland terraces cluster around residences, implying local management. Analysis identified 362 km 2 of deliberately modified agricultural terrain and another 952 km 2 of unmodified uplands for potential swidden use. Approximately 106 km of causeways within and between sites constitute evidence of inter- and intracommunity connectivity. In contrast, sizable defensive features point to societal disconnection and large-scale conflict. CONCLUSION The 2144 km 2 of lidar data acquired by the PLI alter interpretations of the ancient Maya at a regional scale. An ancient population in the millions was unevenly distributed across the central lowlands, with varying degrees of urbanization. Agricultural systems found in lidar indicate how these populations were supported, although an irregular distribution suggests the existence of a regional agricultural economy of great complexity. Substantial infrastructural investment in integrative features (causeways) and conflictive features (defensive systems) highlights the interconnectivity of the ancient lowland Maya landscape. These perspectives on the ancient Maya generate new questions, refine targets for fieldwork, elicit regional study across continuous landscapes, and advance Maya archaeology into a bold era of research and exploration.

Published
2018
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5. Dynamiques croisées des milieux et des sociétés dans les basses terres tropicales mayas : hydrosystème et agrosystème à Naachtun (Guatemala)

Author

Cyril Castanet, Philippe Nondédéo, Eva Lemonnier, Louise Purdue, Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Naachtun, agrosystem, 11. Sustainability, agrosystème, Mayas, lcsh:CC1-960, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, éco-socio-système, hydrosystème, 15. Life on land, Maya area, intertropical, Aire Maya, socio-eco-system, hydrosystem, Maya, 13. Climate action, lcsh:Archaeology, geoarchaeology, géoarchéologie
Abstract

International audience; "Managing resources in inter-tropical environment has always been a critical issue for the rise and prosperity of complex societies. The socio-ecological system of Naachtun, a large Classic Period Maya city (AD 250-950), lies at the heart of this issue. It will be studied here in the perspective of understanding water and soil variability, which is under climate, environmental and anthropogenic controls. Both the hydrosystem and the agrosystem will be characterized through a systemic and multi-scalar approach, allowing for the study of the evolution, the uses and the management of these resources under the influence of climate and population dynamics. Occupied for nearly one millennia (AD 150-950/1000), the city of Naachtun expanded next to a large humid area (bajo), which clearly played a central role in its creation and development, both for water uses and for its agricultural potential." (source éditeur); "La gestion des ressources en milieu intertropical a de tout temps constitué un enjeu crucial pour l’essor et la prospérité des sociétés complexes. L’éco-socio-système de Naachtun, grande cité maya de la période Classique (250-950 apr. J.-C.), est au cœur de cette problématique. Il est étudié sous l’angle de la variabilité des ressources en eau et en sol, laquelle dépend du climat de l’environnement et des sociétés. L’hydrosystème et l’agrosystème sont caractérisés au moyen d’une approche systémique et multi-scalaire permettant l’étude des variabilités, des usages et de la gestion de ces deux ressources sous l’influence du climat et des populations. Occupée durant près d’un millénaire (150 – 950/1000 apr. J.-C.), la cité de Naachtun se distingue par son implantation au bord d’une vaste zone humide (bajo) qui a manifestement joué un rôle central dans son implantation et son développement, tant pour les usages de l’eau que pour son potentiel agricole." (source éditeur)

Published
2016
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6. Etude des paléoméandres holocènes de la plaine alluviale du Cher (site de Bigny, moyenne vallée du Cher)

Author

Nathalie Carcaud, Thomas Dépret, Anaëlle Vayssière, Emmanuèle Gautier, Clément Virmoux, Aline Garnier, Cyril Castanet, Daniel Pinheiro, Daniel Brunstein, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique (LEMNA), Institut d'Économie et de Management de Nantes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes (IEMN-IAE Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-FR 3473 Institut universitaire Mer et Littoral (IUML), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement (IGARUN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Holocene, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cher River valley, vallée du Cher, 01 natural sciences, palaeohydrology, paléoméandres, hydrogeomorphology, alluvial plain, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, plaine alluviale, palaeomeanders, paléohydrologie, hydrogéomorphologie, Holocène, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

L’identification de paléochenaux dans les plaines alluviales permet d’apporter des éléments de compréhension des morphologies et des processus fluviaux passés. L’étude présentée porte sur le secteur de Bigny, localisé dans la moyenne vallée du Cher, où se trouve un nombre important de paléoméandres, dont certains sont datés de la seconde moitié de l’Holocène. La démarche méthodologique mise en œuvre comprend l’étude de MNT LiDAR, la caractérisation des formes fluviales héritées (altitude, largeur, amplitude et rayon de courbure) et l’estimation de paramètres paléohydrauliques à partir des dimensions des chenaux abandonnés (paléodébits à pleins-bords). Les résultats permettent de disposer les premiers jalons d’une chronologie d’évolution paléohydrographique. La comparaison avec la morphologie locale de la rivière et avec les cartes historiques montre que la réduction de la sinuosité a eu lieu entre le Moyen-Âge et l’Epoque Moderne. Elle démontre également la stabilisation du tracé du Cher dans ce secteur depuis le milieu du XVIIIème siècle, probablement en lien avec des aménagements hydrauliques historiques. L’analyse morphométrique permet ensuite de distinguer des gabarits variés parmi lesquels des paléoméandres de grande taille. Néanmoins, la comparaison des paléoméandres avec le référentiel actuel montre que la série étudiée est proche du gabarit des chenaux du XIXème siècle. On ne peut donc pas conclure à un changement majeur de régime hydrologique enregistré par les paléoméandres, mais plutôt à des ajustements mineurs de la morphologie des chenaux (largeur, profondeur) liés à des modifications des débits liquides et solides. The identification of palaeochannels in alluvial plains allows a better understanding of the fluvial morphologies and processes of the past. The present study concerns an area with palaeomeanders (Bigny), located in the middle valley of the Cher River (South of the “Bassin de Paris”), where are located numerous palaeomeanders dated second half of the Holocene. The methodological approach is based on the study of LiDAR DEM, the characterization of inherited fluvial landforms (elevation, width, amplitude and radius of curvature) and palaeohydraulic reconstructions derived from meanders dimensions (bankfull discharge). These results allow a palaeohydrographic chronology to be reconstructed. Firstly, the comparison with current local morphology and historical maps evidences that the reduction of the fluvial pattern sinuosity occurred between the Middle Ages and the mid-18th century. Also, it shows the channel stabilization since this era, likely linked with historical engineering. Then, the morphometric analysis highlights various sizes of palaeochannels, among others, large-sized palaeomeanders. However, the comparison of the palaeomeanders with the current river shows that their sizes are close to those of the 19th century. Thus, we cannot conclude to a major change in the hydrological regime recorded by the palaeomeanders, but rather to slight channel adjustments (width and depth) related to liquid discharge and sediment load modifications.

Published
2016
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7. Fluviatile palaeoenvironments in archaeological context: Geographical position, methodological approach and global change - Hydrological risk issues

Author

Nathalie Carcaud, Cyril Castanet, Gilles Arnaud-Fassetta, Pierre-Gil Salvador, Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Paysage et Ecologie (PAYSAGE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces (LADYSS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 (TVES), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - EA 4477 (TVES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Risk analysis, 010506 paleontology, human impact, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, river, Drainage basin, Climate change, Fluvial, Context (language use), environmental-change, 01 natural sciences, sediment yield, arles-piton core, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Land use, rhone delta france, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Hazard, lac-du-bouchet, 13. Climate action, climate-change, holocene, land-use changes
Abstract

Under the perspective of fluvial risk analysis in urban and rural areas, three large catchments of the Western Europe (Loire, Rhone, Isonzo/Frioul-Italy) have been studied to demonstrate the relevance of combining the three hydrogeomorphological approaches (hydrography, hydrology, hydraulics). This combination allows better characterisation of both Holocene hydroclimatic variability and flooding hazard. The hydroclimatic hazard has been quantified in the three studied catchments, highlighting several phases of flood-dominated regime (FDR) since the end of Late Glacial. Impacts of FDRs were aggravated at sometimes by human actions over the last 5000 years. Combining hydrogeomorphological data with land use data allows an analysis of fluvial risk in each catchment studied. In a general way, fluvial risk has been significantly analysed since the construction of anthroposystems (e.g., since the Roman time). The fluvial risk evolved differently in cities (Tours, Vienna, Lyons, Aquileia) and rural zones (Varennes de Tours, Rhone Delta).

Published
2010
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