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16 results on '"Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien]"'

1. Geochemistry, geochronology and petrogenesis of Maya Block granitoids and dikes from the Chicxulub Impact Crater, Gulf of México: Implications for the assembly of Pangea

Author

Zhao, Jiawei, Xiao, Long, Gulick, Sean P.S., Morgan, Joanna, Kring, David, Fucugauchi, Jaime Urrutia, Schmieder, Martin, de Graaff, Sietze, Wittmann, Axel, ROSS, Catherine, Claeys, Philippe, Pickersgill, Annemarie, Kaskes, Pim, Goderis, Steven, Rasmussen, Cornelia, Vajda, Vivi, Ferrière, Ludovic, Feignon, Jean–Guillaume, Chenot, Elise, Sato, Honami, Yamaguchi, Kosei, J. Bralower, Timothy, Christeson, Gail l., Cockell, Charles S., Coolen, Marco J.L., Gebhardt, Catalina, Goto, Kazuhisa, Green, Sophie, Jones, Heather, LeBer, Erwan, LOFI, Johanna, Lowery, Christopher, OCAMPO-TORRES, Ruben, Perez-Cruz, Ligia, Poelchau, Michael H., Rae, Auriol S.P., Rebolledo-Vieyra, Mario, Riller, Ulrich, Smit, Jan, Tikoo-Schantz, Sonia M., Tomioka, Naotaka, Whalen, Michael T., Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Earth System Sciences, Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources [Wuhan] (GPMR), China University of Geosciences [Wuhan] (CUG), State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Instituto de Geofisica [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Eyring Materials Center for Solid State Science, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, NERC Argon Isotope Facility [Glasgow], Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-University of Glasgow-University of Edinburgh-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Department of Chemistry, Toho University, and Study funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41772050, 41830214, 41773061), MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (MSFGPMR05) and the Science andTechnology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau (Grant No. 121/2017/A3).

Subjects
Felsite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Annan geovetenskap och miljövetenskap, Geology, Orogeny, Pangea, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Anatexis, 01 natural sciences, Continental arc, Peri–Gondwanan realm, Gondwana, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geochronology, Chicxulub impact crater, Slab breakoff, Laurentia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrogenesis, Other Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Abstract

23 pages; International audience; The Late Paleozoic tectono–magmatic history and basement of the Maya block are poorly understood due to the lack of exposures of coeval magmatic rocks in the region. Recently, IODP–ICDP Expedition 364 recovered drill core samples at borehole M0077A from the peak ring of the Chicxulub impact crater, offshore of the Yucatán peninsula in the Gulf of México, have been studied comprehensively. In the lowermost ~600 m of the drill core, impact–deformed granitoids, and minor felsite and dolerite dykes are intercalated with impact melts and breccias. Zircon U-Pb dating of granitoids yielded ages of around 326 ± 5 Ma, representing the first recovery of Late Paleozoic magmatic rocks from the Maya block, which could be genetically related to the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana. The granitoids show the features of high K2O/Na2O, LaN/YbN and Sr/Y ratios, but very low Yb and Y contents, indicating an adakitic affinity. They are also characterized by slightly positive ԑNd(326Ma) of 0.17–0.68, intermediate initial 87Sr/86Sr(326Ma) of 0.7036–0.7047 and two–stage Nd model age (TDM2) of 1027–1069 Ma, which may indicate a less evolved crustal source. Thus, the adakitic granitoids were probably generated by partial melting of thickened crust, with source components similar to Neoproterozoic metagabbro in the Carolina block (Pan–African Orogeny materials) along Peri–Gondwana. Felsite dykes are shoshonitic with typical continental arc features that are sourced from a metasomatic mantle wedge by slab–fluids. Dolerite dykes display OIB–type features such as positive Nb and Ta anomalies and low ThNpm/NbNpm. In our interpretation, the Chicxulub adakitic granitoids of this study are formed by crustal anatexis due to asthenospheric upwelling resulting from slab breakoff. Through comparing sources and processes of Late Paleozoic magmatism along the Peri–Gondwanan realm, a tearing slab breakoff model may explain the discontinuous magmatism that appears to have occurred during the convergence of Laurentia and Gondwana.

Published
2020
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2. Characterization of shocked quartz grains from Chicxulub peak ring granites and shock pressure estimates

Author

Feignon, Jean‐Guillaume, FerriÈre, Ludovic, Leroux, Hugues, Koeberl, Christian, Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Natural History Museum [Vienna] [NHM], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Shock wave, Materials science, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Attenuation, Mineralogy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Shock (mechanics), Core (optical fiber), Shock metamorphism, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Planar deformation features, Shocked quartz, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Quartz, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz are a commonly used and well‐documented indicator of shock metamorphism in terrestrial rocks. The measurement of PDF orientations provides constraints on the shock pressure experienced by a rock sample. A total of 963 PDF sets were measured in 352 quartz grains in 11 granite samples from the basement of the Chicxulub impact structure’s peak ring (IODP‐ICDP Expedition 364 drill core), with the aim to quantify the shock pressure distribution and a possible decay of the recorded shock pressure with depth, in the attempt to better constrain shock wave propagation and attenuation within a peak ring. The investigated quartz grains are highly shocked (99.8% are shocked), with an average of 2.8 PDF sets per grain; this is significantly higher than in all previously investigated drill cores recovered from Chicxulub and also for most K‐Pg boundary samples (for which shocked quartz data are available). PDF orientations are roughly homogenous from a sample to another sample and mainly parallel to {10urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps13570:maps13570-math-00013} and {10urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps13570:maps13570-math-00024} orientations (these two orientations representing on average 68.6% of the total), then to {10urn:x-wiley:10869379:media:maps13570:maps13570-math-00032} orientation, known to form at higher shock pressure. Our shock pressure estimates are within a narrow range, between ~16 and 18 GPa, with a slight shock attenuation with increasing depth in the drill core. The relatively high shock pressure estimates, coupled with the rare occurrence of basal PDFs, i.e., parallel to the (0001) orientation, suggest that the granite basement in the peak ring could be one of the sources of the shocked quartz grains found in the most distal K‐Pg boundary sites.

Published
2020
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3. Volatile loss under a diffusion-limited regime in tektites: Evidence from tin stable isotopes

Author

Christian Koeberl, John Creech, Frédéric Moynier, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Macquarie Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Macquarie Pk, NSW 2109, Australia, Inst Univ France, F-75005 Paris, France, Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Nat Hist Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, and European Research Council (ERC)637503-PristineUnivEarthS Labex program at Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite ANR-10-LABX-0023ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02chaire d'excellence ANR-Idex Universite Sorbonne Paris Cite IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI Region Ile-de-France12015908

Subjects
Volatiles, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tektites, chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Stable isotopes, Isotope, Tektite, Stable isotope ratio, Geology, Silicate, chemistry, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Tin, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Impacts, Earth (classical element)
Abstract

International audience; Tektites are glasses derived from near-surface continental crustal rocks that were molten and ejected from the Earths surface during hypervelocity meteorite impacts. They are among the driest terrestrial samples, although the exact mechanism of water loss and the behaviour of other volatile species during these processes are debated. Based on the difference in magnitude of the Cu and Zn isotopic fractionations in tektites, and the difference of diffusivity between these elements, it was suggested that volatile loss was diffusion-limited. Tin is potentially well suited to testing this model, as it has a lower diffusivity in silicate melts than both Cu and Zn, but a similar volatility to Zn. Here, we analysed the Sn stable isotopic composition in a suite of seven tektites, representing three of the four known tektite strewn fields, and for which Zn and Cu isotopes were previously reported. Tin is enriched in the heavier isotopes (>= 2,5 parts per thousand on the Sn-122/Sn-118 ratio) in tektites, correlated with the degree of Sn elemental depletion in their respective samples as well as with Cu and Zn isotope ratios, implying a common control. While the isotope fractionation of Sn, Cu and Zn is a result of volatility, the magnitude of isotope fractionation is strongly moderated by their relative rates of diffusion in the molten tektite droplets. An Australasian Muong Nong-type tektite analysed has the least Sn depletion and Sn isotope fractionation, consistent with these samples being more proximal to the source and experiencing a shorter time at high temperatures

Published
2019
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4. Dust of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko collected by Rosetta/MIDAS: classification and extension to the nanometer scale

Author

Thurid Mannel, Mark Bentley, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Klaus Torkar, J. Romstedt, Peter Boakes, Iris Weber, Cécile Engrand, H. Jeszenszky, Christian Koeberl, Roland Schmied, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Institute of Physics [Graz], University of Graz, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Space Policy Institute [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Institut für Weltraumforschung [Graz] (IWF), Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (ÖAW), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Planetesimal, Range (particle radiation), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Fractal dimension, Interplanetary dust cloud, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Agglomerate, 0103 physical sciences, Particle, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Context. The properties of the smallest subunits of cometary dust contain information on their origin and clues to the formation of planetesimals and planets. Compared to interplanetary dust particles or particles collected during the Stardust mission, dust collected in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) during the Rosetta mission provides a resource of minimally altered material with known origin whose structural properties can be used to further the investigation of the early solar system. Aims. The cometary dust particle morphologies found at comet 67P on the micrometer scale are classified, and their structural analysis is extended to the nanometer scale. Methods. We present a novel method for achieving the highest spatial resolution of imaging obtained with the MIDAS Atomic Force Microscope on board Rosetta. 3D topographic images with resolutions down to 8 nm were analyzed to determine the subunit sizes of particles on the nanometer scale. Results. Three morphological classes can be determined: (i) fragile agglomerate particles of sizes larger than about 10 μm comprised of micrometer-sized subunits that may themselves be aggregates and show a moderate packing density on the surface of the particles. (ii) A fragile agglomerate with a size of about a few tens of micrometers comprised of micrometer-sized subunits that are suggested to be aggregates themselves and are arranged in a structure with a fractal dimension lower than two. (iii) Small micrometer-sized particles comprised of subunits in the size range of hundreds of nanometers that show surface features that are again suggested to represent subunits. Their differential size distributions follow a log-normal distribution with means of about 100 nm and standard deviations between 20 and 35 nm. Conclusions. The properties of the dust particles found by MIDAS represent an extension of the dust results of Rosetta to the micro- and nanometer scale. All micrometer-sized particles are hierarchical dust agglomerates of smaller subunits. The arrangement, appearance, and size distribution of the smallest determined surface features are reminiscent of those found in chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles. They represent the smallest directly detected subunits of comet 67P.

Published
2019
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5. An insight into the first stages of the Ferrar magmatism: ultramafic cumulates from Harrow Peaks, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica

Author

Beatrice Pelorosso, Costanza Bonadiman, Michel Grégoire, Theodoros Ntaflos, Alberto Zanetti, Silvia Gentili, Massimo Coltorti, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra [Ferrara], Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia [Perugia], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Instituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Ferrara = University of Ferrara (UniFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Subjects
High-Mg magmatic olivines, Karoo–Ferrar large igneous province, Orthopyroxenite, Ultramafic xenoliths, ultramafic xenoliths, high Mg magmatic olivines, orthopyroxenite, Karoo Ferrar large igneous province, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, Geochemistry, orthopyroxenite, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), NO, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, Lithosphere, ultramafic xenoliths, Xenolith, Metasomatism, Amphibole, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Olivine, Karoo Ferrar large igneous province, Crust, high-Mg magmatic olivines, Geophysics, engineering, Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province, high Mg magmatic olivines, Geology, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract

International audience; A group of ultramafic xenoliths hosted in Cenozoic hypabyssal rocks from Harrow Peaks (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica) show textural and geochemical features far removed from anything previously observed in mantle xenoliths of this region and elsewhere in Antarctica. They consist of spinel-bearing lherzolites and harzburgites, characterised by a predominant equigranular texture with orthopyroxene modal contents remarkably higher in lherzolites (18-26 volume%) with respect to the harzburgite (13 vol%), one orthopyroxenite, and three composite xenoliths. The latter are formed by an olivine-dominant assemblage (olivine > 70%) crosscut by large monomineralic (amphibole or clinopyroxene) or bimineralic (amphibole + clino-pyroxene) veins. No significant correlation was observed between the lithology and the Fo content (90.21-82.81) of olivine, suggesting that these rocks could be derived from a cumulus process. The presence of the orthopyroxenite suggests that the inferred melt/s from which they stemmed was close (or even above) to silica saturation. Based on major and trace-element mineral/melt and mineral/mineral equilibrium modelling, these rocks were formed by progressive extraction of olivine from a high magnesium (Mg = 72)-high temperature (~ 1300 °C) melt following a very short fractionation line. Thermobaro-metric results indicate the stationing of Harrow Peaks cumulates in the P field of 1.3 ± 0.2 (dunites)-0.5 ± 0.2 (orthopy-roxenite) GPa. These values well match the crust/mantle boundary (Moho) of the region. The combined geochemical and petrological data suggest that Harrow Peaks melts could be related to the initial stage of the Jurassic Ferrar magmatism, whose deep cumulates were subsequently affected by the Cenozoic alkaline metasomatism, widely detected in the northern Victoria Land lithosphere and responsible for the formation of the late amphibole/amphibole + clinopyroxene veins.

Published
2019
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6. Multiproxy cretaceous-paleogene boundary event stratigraphy

Author

Sinnesael, Matthias, Montanari, Alessandro, Coccioni, Rodolfo, Frontalini, Fabrizio, Gattacceca, Jérôme, Snoeck, Christophe, Wegner, Wencke, Koeberl, Christian, Morgan, Leah E., De Winter, Niels J., DePaolo, Donald J., Claeys, Philippe, Bice, David M., Koeberl, Christian, Bice, David, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, Multidisciplinary Archaeological Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Department of Geology and Geophysics [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bice, David M., non-UU output of UU-AW members, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ13C, δ18O, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Geology, Volcanism, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Carbonate, Sedimentary rock, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The complete and well-studied pelagic carbonate successions from the Umbria- Marche basin (Italy) permit the study of the event-rich stratigraphic interval around the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary (e.g., Deccan volcanism, boundary impact, Paleocene recovery, and climate). To test the robustness of various proxy records (bulk carbonate δ13C, δ18O, 87Sr/86Sr, and Ca, Fe, Sr, and Mn concentrations) inside the Umbria-Marche basin, several stratigraphically equivalent sections were investigated (Bottaccione Gorge, Contessa Highway, Fornaci East quarry, Frontale, Morello, and Petriccio core). Besides the classical Gubbio sections of Bottaccione and Contessa, the new Morello section is put forward as an alternative location for this stratigraphic interval because it is less altered by burial diagenesis. Elemental profiles (Ca, Fe, Sr, Mn) acquired by handheld X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) efficiently provide regional chemostratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information. The Deccan volcanism, the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, the characteristic pattern of the Sr/Ca profile across the boundary driven by the extinction and recovery of coccolithophores, and the Dan- C2 hyperthermal event are examples of such recorded paleoenvironmental events. Moreover, cyclostratigraphic analyses of proxies of detrital input (magnetic susceptibility and Fe concentrations) show the imprint in the sedimentary record of a 2.4 m.y. eccentricity minimum around 66.45-66.25 Ma, and suggest that the occurrence of the Dan-C2 hyperthermal event was astronomically paced.

Published
2019
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7. Identification of a meteoritic component using chromium isotopic composition of impact rocks from the Lonar impact structure, India

Author

Bérengère Mougel, D. Wielandt, Frédéric Moynier, Martin Bizzarro, Christian Koeberl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Inst Univ France, 1 Rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris 05, France, Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Nat Hist Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria, Centre for Star and Planet Formation [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)

Subjects
TERRESTRIAL, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, SYSTEMATICS, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Chromium, CRATER, Impact structure, PETROGRAPHY, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Component (thermodynamics), KeyWords Plus:TARGET ROCKS, Isotopic composition, PROJECTILES, INSIGHTS, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], GLASSES, Identification (biology), MELT ROCKS, GEOCHEMISTRY, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The existence of mass-independent chromium isotope variability of nucleosynthetic origin in meteorites and their components provides a means to investigate potential genetic relationship between meteorites and planetary bodies. Moreover, chromium abundances are depleted in most surficial terrestrial rocks relative to chondrites such that Cr isotopes are a powerful tool to detect the contribution of various types of extra-terrestrial material in terrestrial impactites. This approach can thus be used to constrain the nature of the bolide resulting in breccia and melt rocks in terrestrial impact structures. Here, we report the Cr isotope composition of impact rocks from the ~0.57 Ma Lonar crater (India), which is the best-preserved impact structure excavated in basaltic target rocks. Results confirm the presence of a chondritic component in several bulk rock samples of up to 3%. The impactor that created the Lonar crater had a composition that was most likely similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites, possibly a CM-type chondrite.

Published
2018
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8. Grid-based mapping: A method for rapidly determining the spatial distributions of small features over very large areas

Author

Matthew R. Balme, E. Hauber, Antoine Séjourné, Zuzanna M. Swirad, Anna Losiak, Andreas Johnsson, Stephan van Gasselt, Ákos Kereszturi, Jason Ramsdale, François Costard, Isaac B. Smith, Colman Gallagher, Thomas Platz, James A. Skinner, Csilla Orgel, Susan J. Conway, Dennis Reiss, School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCD School of Geography, UCD Earth Institute, University College, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Freie Universität Berlin, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institute of Geological Sciences [Wrocław] (UWr), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham University, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Glacial landform, Mars, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Spatial analysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Landform, Astronomy and Astrophysics, computer.file_format, 15. Life on land, Grid, grid mapping, Phytogeomorphology, Mapping, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Raster graphics, Scale (map), computer, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The increased volume, spatial resolution, and areal coverage of high-resolution images of Mars over the past 15 years have led to an increased quantity and variety of small-scale landform identifications. Though many such landforms are too small to represent individually on regional-scale maps, determining their presence or absence across large areas helps form the observational basis for developing hypotheses on the geological nature and environmental history of a study area. The combination of improved spatial resolution and near-continuous coverage significantly increases the time required to analyse the data. This becomes problematic when attempting regional or global-scale studies of metre and decametre-scale landforms. Here, we describe an approach for mapping small features (from decimetre to kilometre scale) across large areas, formulated for a project to study the northern plains of Mars, and provide context on how this method was developed and how it can be implemented. Rather than “mapping” with points and polygons, grid-based mapping uses a “tick box” approach to efficiently record the locations of specific landforms (we use an example suite of glacial landforms; including viscous flow features, the latitude dependant mantle and polygonised ground). A grid of squares (e.g. 20 km by 20 km) is created over the mapping area. Then the basemap data are systematically examined, grid-square by grid-square at full resolution, in order to identify the landforms while recording the presence or absence of selected landforms in each grid-square to determine spatial distributions. The result is a series of grids recording the distribution of all the mapped landforms across the study area. In some ways, these are equivalent to raster images, as they show a continuous distribution-field of the various landforms across a defined (rectangular, in most cases) area. When overlain on context maps, these form a coarse, digital landform map. We find that grid-based mapping provides an efficient solution to the problems of mapping small landforms over large areas, by providing a consistent and standardised approach to spatial data collection. The simplicity of the grid-based mapping approach makes it extremely scalable and workable for group efforts, requiring minimal user experience and producing consistent and repeatable results. The discrete nature of the datasets, simplicity of approach, and divisibility of tasks, open up the possibility for citizen science in which crowdsourcing large grid-based mapping areas could be applied.

Published
2017
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9. Chromium isotope evidence in ejecta deposits for the nature of Paleoproterozoic impactors

Author

Bérengère Mougel, Christa Göpel, Christian Koeberl, Frédéric Moynier, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, and the Region île-de-France SESAME for Grant no.12015908.IDEX13C445UnivEarthS Labex program ANR-10-LABX-0023ANR-11-IDEX-0005-02IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI Region Ile-de-France12015908, ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), European Project: 637503,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,PRISTINE(2015), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, impact ejecta, FOS: Physical sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ejecta, Vredefort, Sudbury, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Isotopes of chromium, Isotope, crater, meteorite, Geophysics, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Carbonaceous chondrite, chromium isotopes, Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Non-mass dependent chromium isotopic signatures have been successfully used to determine the presence and identification of extra-terrestrial materials in terrestrial impact rocks. Paleoproterozoic spherule layers from Greenland (Graenseso) and Russia (Zaonega), as well as some distal ejecta deposits (Lake Superior region) from the Sudbury impact ( 1849 ± 0.3 Ma ) event, have been analyzed for their Cr isotope compositions. Our results suggest that 1) these distal ejecta deposits are all of impact origin, 2) the Graenseso and Zaonega spherule layers contain a distinct carbonaceous chondrite component, and are possibly related to the same impact event, which could be Vredefort ( 2023 ± 4 Ma ) or another not yet identified large impact event from that of similar age, and 3) the Sudbury ejecta record a complex meteoritic signature, which is different from the Graenseso and Zaonega spherule layers, and could indicate the impact of a heterogeneous chondritic body.

Published
2017
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10. Nondestructive spectroscopic and petrochemical investigations of Paleoarchean spherule layers from the ICDP drill core BARB5, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa

Author

Phillip D. Harris, R. T. Schmitt, Seda Ozdemir, Christian Koeberl, Jörg Fritz, R. Tagle, Axel Hofmann, Luisa Ashworth, Tanja Mohr-Westheide, Desirée Hoehnel, Béatrice Luais, Saalbau Weltraum Projekt, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Bruker Nano GmbH, GeoSpectral Imaging, Department of Geology [University of Johannesburg], Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Erd- Und Umweltwissenschaften [Potsdam], Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Institut für Geologische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin, and Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, Sorting (sediment), Trace element, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Metamorphism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Petrography, Geophysics, Paleoarchean, Space and Planetary Science, Sedimentary rock, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract

International audience; A Paleoarchean impact spherule‐bearing interval of the 763 m long International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drill core BARB5 from the lower Mapepe Formation of the Fig Tree Group, Barberton Mountain Land (South Africa) was investigated using nondestructive analytical techniques. The results of visual observation, infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging, and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF) of drill cores are presented. Petrographic and sedimentary features, as well as major and trace element compositions of lithologies from the micrometer to kilometer‐scale, assisted in the localization and characterization of eight spherule‐bearing intervals between 512.6 and 510.5 m depth. The spherule layers occur in a strongly deformed section between 517 and 503 m, and the rocks in the core above and below are clearly less disturbed. The μXRF element maps show that spherule layers have similar petrographic and geochemical characteristics but differences in (1) sorting of two types of spherules and (2) occurrence of primary minerals (Ni‐Cr spinel and zircon). We favor a single impact scenario followed by postimpact reworking, and subsequent alteration. The spherule layers are Al2O3‐rich and can be distinguished from the Al2O3‐poor marine sediments by distinct Al‐OH absorption features in the short wave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared images can cover tens to hundreds of square meters of lithologies and, thus, may be used to search for Al‐OH‐rich spherule layers in Al2O3‐poor sediments, such as Eoarchean metasediments, where the textural characteristics of the spherule layers are obscured by metamorphism.

Published
2016
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11. Shatter cones : nature and genesis

Author

Wolf Uwe Reimold, Sylvain Bouley, Mohamed Aoudjehane, Houda El Kerni, Christian Koeberl, David Baratoux, Hasnaa Chennaoui Aoudjehane, University Hassan II [Casablanca], Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Baratoux, David (coord.), and Reimold, W. U. (coord.)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Outcrop, Shatter cone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Iron meteorite, Strewn field, Paleontology, Geophysics, Meteorite, Impact crater, Space and Planetary Science, Breccia, Impact structure, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Associations between impact structures and meteorite occurrences are rare and restricted to very young structures. Meteorite fragments are often disrupted in the atmosphere, and in most cases, meteorite falls that have been decelerated by atmospheric drag do not form a crater. Furthermore, meteorites are rapidly weathered. In this context, the finding of shatter cones in Jurassic marly limestone in the same location as a recent (105 +/- 40 ka) iron meteorite fall near the village of Agoudal (High Atlas Mountains, Morocco) is enigmatic. The shatter cones are the only piece of evidence of a meteorite impact in the area. The overlap of a meteorite strewn field with the area of occurrence of shatter cones led previous researchers to consider that the meteorite fall was responsible for the formation of shatter cones in the context of formation of one or several small (

Published
2016
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12. Aggregate dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko

Author

H. Jeszenszky, Ove Havnes, Pascale Ehrenfreund, Christian Koeberl, Mark Bentley, Thurid Mannel, J. Romstedt, Roland Schmied, Iris Weber, Klaus Torkar, Elmar K. Jessberger, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Institute of Physics [Graz], University of Graz, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Space Policy Institute [Washington], The George Washington University (GW), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Tromsø Geophysical Observatory (TGO), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Department of Physics and Technology [Tromsø], University of Tromsø (UiT), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universiteit Leiden, and The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Comet dust, Comet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Kuiper belt, Interplanetary dust cloud, 0103 physical sciences, comets, Early solar system, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Multidisciplinary, Asteroids, Particle aggregation, 13. Climate action, Asteroid, Agglomerate, Formation and evolution of the Solar System, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Comets are thought to preserve almost pristine dust particles, thus providing a unique sample of the properties of the early solar nebula. The microscopic properties of this dust played a key part in particle aggregation during the formation of the Solar System1, 2. Cometary dust was previously considered to comprise irregular, fluffy agglomerates on the basis of interpretations of remote observations in the visible and infrared3, 4, 5, 6 and the study of chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles7 that were thought, but not proved, to originate in comets. Although the dust returned by an earlier mission8 has provided detailed mineralogy of particles from comet 81P/Wild, the fine-grained aggregate component was strongly modified during collection9. Here we report in situ measurements of dust particles at comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The particles are aggregates of smaller, elongated grains, with structures at distinct sizes indicating hierarchical aggregation. Topographic images of selected dust particles with sizes of one micrometre to a few tens of micrometres show a variety of morphologies, including compact single grains and large porous aggregate particles, similar to chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles. The measured grain elongations are similar to the value inferred for interstellar dust and support the idea that such grains could represent a fraction of the building blocks of comets. In the subsequent growth phase, hierarchical agglomeration could be a dominant process10 and would produce aggregates that stick more easily at higher masses and velocities than homogeneous dust particles11. The presence of hierarchical dust aggregates in the near-surface of the nucleus of comet 67P also provides a mechanism for lowering the tensile strength of the dust layer and aiding dust release12.

Published
2016
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13. Hydrothermal activity during tectonic building of the Variscanorogen recorded by U-Pb systematics of xenotime in the GrèsArmoricain formation, Massif Armoricain, France

Author

Theodoros Ntaflos, Kerstin Drost, Romain Tartèse, Marc Poujol, Jan Košler, Philippe Boulvais, Eric Gloaguen, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Francis PERRIN (LFP - URA 2453), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Massif, Authigenic, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Diagenesis, Ironstone, Paleontology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Monazite, Ordovician, engineering, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract

In the Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux deposit (Massif Armoricain, France), the Ordovician Gres Armoricain sandstones have undergone several fluid-rock interaction events, including diagenetic cementation and orogenic base metal-As-Sb-Au mineralisation. Ironstone layers interbedded in the sandstones contain several generations of spectacular authigenic xenotime overgrowths that formed around detrital zircon grains in response to successive hydrothermal events. Textural and chemical characterisations allow to distinguish three generations of xenotime overgrowths, differing notably in their REE characteristics. In-situ U-Pb data obtained on these xenotime overgrowths show that their U-Pb systematics were largely disturbed by successive hydrothermal events over about 90 Ma between ~ 330 and ~ 420 Ma, a time interval encompassing most phases of the construction of the Variscan orogen in France. The younger dates cluster around ~ 330–340 Ma and likely correspond to the age of the deposition of massive sulphides and base-metals in the Saint-Aubin-des-Châteaux deposits, which is consistent with the structural contexts where they formed. Finally, this study shows that similarly to monazite, another phosphate widely used for U-Pb and Th-Pb dating studies, the U-Pb chronometric system in xenotime appears to be highly sensitive to fluid circulations.

Published
2015
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14. The Chicxulub asteroid impact and mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary

Author

Philippe Claeys, Christian Koeberl, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Vivi Vajda, Charles S. Cockell, Sean P. S. Gulick, Tobias Salge, Clive R. Neal, David A. Kring, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Douglas J. Nichols, Jay Melosh, Paul R. Bown, Joanna Morgan, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, Michael T. Whalen, Penny Barton, Kirk R. Johnson, Greg Ravizza, Arthur R. Sweet, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Kazuhisa Goto, Robert P. Speijer, Gareth S. Collins, Takafumi Matsui, Gail L. Christeson, Eric Robin, Tamara J. Goldin, Peter Schulte, Wolfgang Kiessling, José A. Arz, Alessandro Montanari, Laia Alegret, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Richard D Norris, Alexander Deutsch, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, Pi Suhr Willumsen, Richard A. F. Grieve, Timothy J. Bralower, Ignacio Arenillas, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Earth System Science Group [Brussels] (ESSc), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Imperial College London, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), University of Vienna [Vienna], School of Engineering [Tohoku Univ], Tohoku University [Sendai], Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences [Columbia], University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Dept of Complex Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Purdue University [West Lafayette], Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Geology and Geophysics [Mānoa], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Centro de Investigacion Cientifica de Yucatan (CICY), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bruker Nano GmbH, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Earth System Sciences, Isotope Geology and Evolution of Paleo-Environmnents, Chemistry, Geology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Purdue University], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, event, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Extinction, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Minor Planets, KT boundary, Paleontology, perturbations, Phanerozoic, western north-atlantic, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Deccan Traps, Mesozoic, dinosaurs, Mexico, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, new-zealand, Extinction event, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, crater, Fossils, k-p boundary, 15. Life on land, el kef, tertiary boundary, Impact, 13. Climate action, Asteroid or comet, Flood basalt, mass extinction, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Paleogene, yucatan peninsula, survivorship, Geology
Abstract

The Fall of the Dinosaurs According to the fossil record, the rule of dinosaurs came to an abrupt end ∼65 million years ago, when all nonavian dinosaurs and flying reptiles disappeared. Several possible mechanisms have been suggested for this mass extinction, including a large asteroid impact and major flood volcanism. Schulte et al. (p. 1214 ) review how the occurrence and global distribution of a global iridium-rich deposit and impact ejecta support the hypothesis that a single asteroid impact at Chicxulub, Mexico, triggered the extinction event. Such an impact would have instantly caused devastating shock waves, a large heat pulse, and tsunamis around the globe. Moreover, the release of high quantities of dust, debris, and gases would have resulted in a prolonged cooling of Earth's surface, low light levels, and ocean acidification that would have decimated primary producers including phytoplankton and algae, as well as those species reliant upon them.

Published
2010
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15. Isotopic fractionation of Cu in tektites

Author

Pierre Beck, Christian Koeberl, Fred Jourdan, Philippe Telouk, Frédéric Moynier, McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Western Australian Argon Isotope Facility, Department of Applied Geology & JdL-CMS, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA-Laser program : NNX09AM64G, Austrian Science Foundation : P18862-N10, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Washington University in St Louis, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], LIBYAN DESERT GLASS, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Mineralogy, Flux, COPPER, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, SOURCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Volatiles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, IMPACT GLASSES, Tektite, Continental crust, AUSTRALASIAN TEKTITES, Trace element, TRACE-ELEMENT, Libyan desert glass, NONG-TYPE TEKTITES, IVORY-COAST TEKTITES, SILICATE MELTS, 13. Climate action, IRON-METEORITES, Geology, Earth (classical element)
Abstract

International audience; Tektites are terrestrial natural glasses of up to a few centimeters in size that were produced during hypervelocity impacts on the Earth's surface. It is well established that the chemical and isotopic composition of tektites is generally identical to that of the upper terrestrial continental crust. Tektites typically have very low water content, which has generally been explained by volatilization at high temperature; however, the exact mechanism is still debated. Because volatilization can fractionate isotopes, comparing the isotopic composition of volatile elements in tektites with those of their source rocks may help to understand the physical conditions during tektite formation. Interestingly, volatile chalcophile elements (e.g., Cd and Zn) seem to be the only elements for which isotopic fractionation is known so far in tektites. Here, we extend this study to Cu, another volatile chalcophile element. We have measured the Cu isotopic composition for 20 tektite samples from the four known different strewn fields. All of the tektites (except the Muong Nong-types) are enriched in the heavy isotopes of Cu (1.98 < delta(61)Cu < 6.99) in comparison to the terrestrial crust (delta(65)Cu approximate to 0) with no clear distinction between the different groups. The Muong Nong-type tektites and a Libyan Desert Glass sample are not fractionated, (delta(65)Cu approximate to 0) in comparison to the terrestrial crust. To refine the Cu isotopic composition of the terrestrial crust, we also present data for three geological reference materials (delta(65)Cu approximate to 0). An increase of delta(65)Cu with decreasing Cu abundance probably reflects that the isotopic fractionation occurred by evaporation during heating. A simple Rayleigh distillation cannot explain the Cu isotopic data and we suggest that the isotopic fractionation is governed by a diffusion-limited regime. Copper is isotopically more fractionated than the more volatile element Zn (delta(66/64)Zn up to 2.49 parts per thousand). This difference of behavior between Cu and Zn is predicted in a diffusion-limited regime, where the magnitude of the isotopic fractionation is regulated by the competition between the evaporative flux and the diffusive flux at the diffusion boundary layer. Due to the difference of ionic charge in silicates (Zn(2+) vs. Cu(+)), Cu has a diffusion coefficient that is larger than that of Zn by at least two orders of magnitude. Therefore, the larger isotopic fractionation in Cu than in Zn in tektites is due to the significant difference in their respective chemical diffusivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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16. Response-Cretaceous Extinctions

Author

Richard A. F. Grieve, Penny Barton, Arthur R. Sweet, Robert P. Speijer, Peter Schulte, Vivi Vajda, Michael T. Whalen, David A. Kring, Timothy J. Bralower, Alessandro Montanari, Wolfgang Kiessling, Charles S. Cockell, Eric Robin, Joanna Morgan, Clive R. Neal, Elisabetta Pierazzo, Gail L. Christeson, Ignacio Arenillas, Kenneth G. MacLeod, Kirk R. Johnson, Sean P. S. Gulick, Jay Melosh, J.M. Grajales-Nishimura, Tobias Salge, Gareth S. Collins, Greg Ravizza, Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Takafumi Matsui, Kazuhisa Goto, Richard D Norris, Tamara J. Goldin, Pi Suhr Willumsen, José A. Arz, Wolf Uwe Reimold, Laia Alegret, Philippe Claeys, Christian Koeberl, Paul R. Bown, Alexander Deutsch, Mario Rebolledo-Vieyra, GeoZentrum Nordbayem, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Department of Earth Sciences [UCL london], University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Institute of Geophysics [Austin] (IG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Earth System Science Group [Brussels] (ESSc), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] (PSSRI), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] (CEPSAR), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Lithospheric Research [Wien], Universität Wien, Planetary Exploration Research Center [Chiba] (PERC), Chiba Institute of Technology (CIT), Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo (IMP), Earth Sciences Sector, Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Research and Collections Division, Denver, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Museum für Naturkunde [Berlin], Center for Lunar Science and Exploration [Houston], Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System-University of Missouri System, Earth and Atmospheric, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco (OGC), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Science [Notre Dame] (CEEES), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), SIO Geological, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Bruker Nano GmbH, Bruker Nano, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Leuven] (EES), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Geological Survey of Canada [Calgary] (GSC Calgary), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Laboratorio de Paleomagnetismo de Paleomagnetismo y Paleoambientes, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], University of Alaska [Anchorage], Universität Erlangen, Université de Zaragoza, University of Cambridge [UK] ( CAM ), Department of Earth Sciences, University College of London [London] ( UCL ), PennState University [Pennsylvania] ( PSU ), Institute for Geophysics, Earth System Science, Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute [Milton Keynes] ( PSSRI ), Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research [Milton Keynes] ( CEPSAR ), The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ) -The Open University [Milton Keynes] ( OU ), Department of Earth Science and Engineering [London], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster ( WWU ), Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology ( CIT ), Programa de Geología de Exploracíon y Explotacíon, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Natural Resources Canada, Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] ( LPI ), UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] ( PSI ), University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM ), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée ( LARMAUR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Ressources Naturelles Canada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Alaska, Penn State Department of Geosciences, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)

Subjects
Extinction event, Sea level change, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Paleontology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Impact crater, Asteroid, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Flood basalt, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Letters by Archibald et al. , Keller et al. , and Courtillot and Fluteau question our conclusion that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction was caused by the asteroid impact at Chicxulub. All three Letters stress that Deccan flood basalt volcanism played a major role in the extinction. Keller

Published
2010
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