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1. Active North Atlantic deepwater formation during Heinrich Stadial 1

Author

Janne Repschläger, Juan Muglia, Andreas Schmittner, Henning A Bauch, Olivier Cartapanis, Gerald H. Haug, Ralf Schiebel, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Ning Zhao, Devin Rand, Stefan Mulitza, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of California (UC), Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR/CENPAT-CONICET) (CESIMAR), University of Bremen, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], and Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI)

Subjects
Archeology, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Quaternary, Paleoceanography, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Deglaciation, 14. Life underwater, Stadial, Data compilation stable isotopes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, North Atlantic, Geology, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract

Deepwater circulation significantly changed during the last deglaciation from a shallow to a deep-reaching overturning cell. This change went along with a drawdown of isotopically light waters into the abyss and a deep ocean warming that changed deep ocean stratification from a salinity-to a temperature-controlled mode. Yet, the exact mechanisms causing these changes are still unknown. Furthermore, the long-standing idea of a complete shutdown of North Atlantic deepwater formation during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) (17.5–14.6 kyr BP) remains prevalent. Here, we present a new compilation of benthic δ13C and δ18O data from the North Atlantic at high temporal resolution with consistent age models, established as part of the international PAGES working group OC3, to investigate deepwater properties in the North Atlantic. The extensive compilation, which includes 105 sediment cores, reveals different water masses during HS1. A water mass with heavy δ13C and δ18O signature occupies the Iceland Basin, whereas between 20 and 50°N, a distinct tongue of 18O depleted, 13C enriched water reaches down to 4000 m water depths. The heavy δ13C signature indicates active deepwater formation in the North Atlantic during HS1. Differences in its δ18O signature indicate either different sources or an alteration of the deepwater on its southward pathway. Based on these results, we discuss concepts of deepwater formation in the North Atlantic that help to explain the deglacial change from a salinity-driven to a temperature-driven circulation mode. Highlights • Spatial analyses of benthic δ13C and δ18O data from OC3 Atlantic compilation for HS1. • Heavy δ13C, light δ18O waters migrated into deep western North Atlantic basin during HS1. • Active deepwater formation between 30 and 60°N in the North Atlantic during HS1. • New concepts for transport of isotopically light δ18O into deep ocean. • Major contribution of North Atlantic waters to deglacial deep ocean stratification changes.

Published
2021
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2. A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

Marcela Sandra Tonello, Vincent Montade, Walter Finsinger, Karen J. Taylor, Manuel Chevalier, Isabelle Larocque-Tobler, Philipp Sommer, Nicholas P. McKay, Mateusz Płóciennik, Snezhana Zhilich, David F. Porinchu, Andrei Andreev, Markus Heinrichs, Tomi P. Luoto, Elena A. Ilyashuk, Anson W. Mackay, Deborah Khider, Stephen J. Roberts, Cody C. Routson, Les C. Cwynar, Samuel L Jaccard, Naomi Holmes, Kira Rehfeld, Aaron P. Potito, Emma J. Pearson, Steve Juggins, Anais Orsi, Louise C. Foster, Angela Self, Sakari Salonen, Basil A. S. Davis, Boris K. Biskaborn, Christoph Dätwyler, Sebastien Bertrand, Anne de Vernal, Jeannine Marie St-Jacques, Angelica Feurdean, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Lukas Jonkers, Heikki Seppä, Stephen J. Brooks, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Sonja Hausmann, Peter G. Langdon, Steven B. Malevich, Larisa Nazarova, Shyhrete Shala, Enikö Magyari, Matthew Peros, Scott A. Reinemann, Krystyna M. Saunders, Elena Novenko, Barbara Stenni, Yarrow Axford, Liudmila Syrykh, Julien Emile-Geay, Nicolas Rolland, Bryan G. Mark, Jianyong Li, Andria Dawson, Mathew Fox, André F. Lotter, Jessica E. Tierney, Oliver Heiri, Stefan Engels, Ian R. Walker, Andrew P. Rees, Pol Tarrats, Valerie van den Bos, Konrad Gajewski, Brian M. Chase, Eugene R. Wahl, Martin Grosjean, Boris P. Ilyashuk, Thomas Brussel, Mónika Tóth, Enlou Zhang, Darrell S. Kaufman, Olivier Cartapanis, Magaly Caniupán, Julieta Massaferro, Reinhard Pienitz, John M. Fegyveresi, Manuel Bringué, Carrie Morrill, Gaute Velle, M. P. Erb, Marie Claude Fortin, Petr Pařil, Karin A. Koinig, Richard S. Vachula, Paola Moffa-Sanchez, Jeremiah Marsicek, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Utrecht University Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, University of Arizona, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Mount Royal University, Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Programme CIT, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Snecma Propulsion Solide (SPS), SAFRAN Group, University of Southern California (USC), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki, Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Geosciences and Geography [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Departemanto di Scienze Ambientali Informatica e Statistica (DAIS), University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Uni Research Environment, Uni Research Ltd, University of Bath [Bath], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer (LNCC), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Department of Geosciences and Geography

Subjects
Peat, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 580 Plants (Botany), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES, Proxy (climate), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE, HOLOCENE, 910 Geography & travel, lcsh:Science, Holocene, LAKE VUOLEP-NJAKAJAURE, geography.geographical_feature_category, Database, EASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Computer Science Applications, LATE-QUATERNARY VEGETATION, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE, PROXIES, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, geog, Geology, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, NORTHERN NORTH-ATLANTIC, DATABASE, PALEOTEMPERATURE, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, education, Library and Information Sciences, Education, Paleoclimatology, SOUTH CHINA SEA, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, 1172 Environmental sciences, POLLEN-BASED RECONSTRUCTION, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], Intertropical Convergence Zone, Glacier, 15. Life on land, WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, Earth and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, computer
Abstract

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. Fil: Kaufman, Darrell. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: McKay, Nicholas. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Routson, Cody. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Erb, Michael. Northern Arizona University.; Estados Unidos Fil: Davis, Basil. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Heiri, Oliver. University Of Basel; Suiza Fil: Jaccard, Samuel. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Tierney, Jessica. University of Arizona; Estados Unidos Fil: Dätwyler, Christoph. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Axford, Yarrow. Northwestern University; Estados Unidos Fil: Brussel, Thomas. University of Utah; Estados Unidos Fil: Cartapanis, Olivier. University Of Bern; Suiza Fil: Chase, Brian. Universite de Montpellier; Francia Fil: Dawson, Andria. Mount Royal University; Canadá Fil: de Vernal, Anne. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Engels, Stefan. University of London; Reino Unido Fil: Jonkers, Lukas. University Of Bremen; Alemania Fil: Marsicek, Jeremiah. University of Wisconsin-Madison; Estados Unidos Fil: Moffa Sánchez, Paola. University of Durham; Reino Unido Fil: Morrill, Carrie. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos Fil: Orsi, Anais. Université Paris-Saclay; Francia Fil: Rehfeld, Kira. Heidelberg University; Alemania Fil: Saunders, Krystyna. Australian Nuclear Science And Technology Organisation; Australia Fil: Sommer, Philipp. University Of Lausanne; Suiza Fil: Thomas, Elizabeth. University At Buffalo; Estados Unidos Fil: Tonello, Marcela Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Tóth, Mónika. Balaton Limnological Institute; Hungría Fil: Vachula, Richard. Brown University; Estados Unidos Fil: Andreev, Andrei. Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research; Alemania Fil: Bertrand, Sebastien. Ghent University; Bélgica Fil: Massaferro, Julieta. Administración de Parques Nacionales. Parque Nacional "Nahuel Huapi"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Published
2020
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3. Publisher Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records

Author

M. P. Erb, Marie Claude Fortin, Enlou Zhang, Mathew Fox, Lukas Jonkers, Isabelle Larocque-Tobler, Anson W. Mackay, Richard S. Vachula, Magaly Caniupán, Julieta Massaferro, Brian M. Chase, Barbara Stenni, Mateusz Płóciennik, Liudmila Syrykh, Scott A. Reinemann, Oliver Heiri, Julien Emile-Geay, Nicolas Rolland, Walter Finsinger, Reinhard Pienitz, Karin A. Koinig, Petr Pařil, Stephen J. Roberts, Sebastien Bertrand, Anne de Vernal, Les C. Cwynar, Deborah Khider, Shyhrete Shala, Elizabeth K. Thomas, Tomi P. Luoto, Marcela Sandra Tonello, Vincent Montade, Paola Moffa-Sanchez, Andria Dawson, Boris P. Ilyashuk, Elena Novenko, Ian R. Walker, Christoph Dätwyler, Eugene R. Wahl, Andrew P. Rees, Martin Grosjean, Pol Tarrats, David F. Porinchu, Peter G. Langdon, Samuel L Jaccard, Boris K. Biskaborn, Yarrow Axford, Mónika Tóth, Basil A. S. Davis, Cody C. Routson, Kira Rehfeld, Jeremiah Marsicek, Aaron P. Potito, Valerie van den Bos, Manuel Chevalier, Naomi Holmes, Sakari Salonen, Karen J. Taylor, Nicholas P. McKay, Enikö Magyari, Philipp Sommer, Elena A. Ilyashuk, Matthew Peros, Emma J. Pearson, Steve Juggins, Krystyna M. Saunders, Janet M. Wilmshurst, Heikki Seppä, Louise C. Foster, Angela Self, Jeannine Marie St-Jacques, Manuel Bringué, Snezhana Zhilich, Anais Orsi, Olivier Cartapanis, Larisa Nazarova, Angelica Feurdean, Stephen J. Brooks, Sonja Hausmann, Steven B. Malevich, Stefan Engels, Bryan G. Mark, Jianyong Li, John M. Fegyveresi, Carrie Morrill, Gaute Velle, Thomas Brussel, Darrell S. Kaufman, André F. Lotter, Konrad Gajewski, Jessica E. Tierney, Andrei Andreev, and Markus Heinrichs

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, Data descriptor, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, MEDLINE, 910 Geography & travel, 580 Plants (Botany), Library and Information Sciences, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 550 Earth sciences & geology, lcsh:Science, Climate and Earth system modelling, Holocene, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Published Erratum, Publisher Correction, Computer Science Applications, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, lcsh:Q, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Cartography, Geology, Information Systems
Abstract

A comprehensive database of paleoclimate records is needed to place recent warming into the longer-term context of natural climate variability. We present a global compilation of quality-controlled, published, temperature-sensitive proxy records extending back 12,000 years through the Holocene. Data were compiled from 679 sites where time series cover at least 4000 years, are resolved at sub-millennial scale (median spacing of 400 years or finer) and have at least one age control point every 3000 years, with cut-off values slackened in data-sparse regions. The data derive from lake sediment (51%), marine sediment (31%), peat (11%), glacier ice (3%), and other natural archives. The database contains 1319 records, including 157 from the Southern Hemisphere. The multi-proxy database comprises paleotemperature time series based on ecological assemblages, as well as biophysical and geochemical indicators that reflect mean annual or seasonal temperatures, as encoded in the database. This database can be used to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of Holocene temperature at global to regional scales, and is publicly available in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format., Measurement(s)climateTechnology Type(s)digital curationFactor Type(s)temporal interval • geographic location • proxy typeSample Characteristic - Environmentclimate systemSample Characteristic - LocationEarth (planet) Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27330

Published
2020
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4. Integrating palaeoclimate time series with rich metadata for uncertainty modelling: strategy and documentation of the PalMod 130k marine palaeoclimate data synthesis

Author

Michael Langner, Olivier Cartapanis, Lukas Jonkers, Anne Strack, Stefan Mulitza, Michal Kucera, Nicholas P. McKay, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], and Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung (PalMod grant) - Swiss National Science FoundationPP00P2-144811

Subjects
Data descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Western Iberian Margin, Climate change, South China Sea, Millennial-scale Changes, Intermediate Water, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Southeastern New-zealand, 01 natural sciences, Eastern Equatorial Pacific, law.invention, Llast Deglaciation, Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, Documentation, law, Northern-hemisphere Climate, Sea-surface Temperature, Radiocarbon dating, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, 550 Earth sciences & geology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, NetCDF, 0303 health sciences, Information retrieval, lcsh:QE1-996.5, computer.file_format, lcsh:Geology, Metadata, 13. Climate action, Atlantic Deep-water, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Climate model, computer
Abstract

Palaeoclimate data hold the unique promise of providing a long-term perspective on climate change and as such can serve as an important benchmark for climate models. However, palaeoclimate data have generally been archived with insufficient standardisation and metadata to allow for transparent and consistent uncertainty assessment in an automated way. Thanks to improved computation capacity, transient palaeoclimate simulations are now possible, calling for data products containing multi-parameter time series rather than information on a single parameter for a single time slice. Efforts are underway to simulate a complete glacial–interglacial cycle using general circulation models (https://www.palmod.de/, last access: 6 May 2020), and to confront these simulations with palaeoclimate data, we have compiled a multi-parameter marine palaeoclimate data synthesis that contains time series spanning 0 to 130 000 years ago. We present the first version of the data product that focuses exclusively on time series for which a robust chronology based on benthic foraminifera δ18O and radiocarbon dating is available. The product contains 896 time series of eight palaeoclimate parameters from 143 individual sites, each associated with rich metadata, age–depth model ensembles, and information to refine and update the chronologies. This version contains 205 time series of benthic foraminifera δ18O; 169 of benthic foraminifera δ13C; 131 of seawater temperature; 174 and 119 of planktonic foraminifera δ18O and δ13C; and 44, 38 and 16 of carbonate, organic carbon and biogenic silica content, respectively. The data product is available in three formats (R, LiPD and netCDF) facilitating use across different software and operating systems and can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.908831 (Jonkers et al., 2019). This data descriptor presents our data synthesis strategy and describes the contents and format of the data product in detail. It ends with a set of recommendations for data archiving.

Published
2020
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5. Corrigendum to 'Deep water provenance and dynamics of the (de)glacial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation' [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 445 (2016) 68–78]

Author

Olivier Cartapanis, Patrick Blaser, Stefan Mulitza, Maria Luiza de Carvalho Ferreira, Hendrik Vogel, Emanuel Christner, Samuel L Jaccard, Evelyn Böhm, Benny Antz, Jörg Lippold, Marcus Gutjahr, Marcus Christl, and Frank Wombacher

Subjects
Provenance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep water, Geophysics, Oceanography, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Planet, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Glacial period, Earth (classical element), Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published
2017
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6. PaCTS 1.0: a crowdsourced reporting standard for paleoclimate data

Author

Maxime Debret, Emilie Pauline Dassié, Varun Ratnakar, M. P. Erb, Valdir F. Novello, M. Kienast, Walter Finsinger, Timothy T. Barrows, J.J. Williams, A. Frappier, Natalie Kehrwald, Nicolas Gauthier, F. Schwanck, Laia Comas-Bru, Darrell S. Kaufman, Daniel Fortier, Lucie Bazin, Nick Scroxton, Christof Pearce, Anna L.C. Hughes, E. Sutherland, Daniel Garijo, Bronwen Konecky, Richard J. Telford, A. J. Waite, Jennifer E. Hertzberg, Aubrey L. Hillman, Kathryn Allen, Samuel L Jaccard, George E. A. Swann, Lydia A. Olaka, Jianghui Du, Montserrat Alonso-Garcia, Andreas Schmittner, Elizabeth R. Thomas, Will Hobbs, Cécile Pignol, S.E. Pilaar Birch, Natalia Piotrowska, Maria-Serena Poli, Adam Z. Csank, Fabien Arnaud, A.A. Prokopenko, Julien Emile-Geay, Nils Weitzel, Steven J. Phipps, Zoë Thomas, Helen McGregor, Simon Goring, Deborah Khider, Lucien von Gunten, Thomas Felis, Matthew Huber, Lukas Jonkers, Mai Winstrup, Steve George, Yarrow Axford, Elizabeth Bradley, William R Gray, J. C. Bregy, Andrew G. Bunn, Kristine L. DeLong, G. Le Roux, Kaustubh Thirumalai, John W. Williams, Judson W. Partin, Vyacheslav Lyubchich, Georgina Falster, S. A. Truebe, Jiaoyang Ruan, Kim M. Cobb, Suellyn Emerick, Olivier Cartapanis, Fiona D. Hibbert, Yuan Zhou, Christian Stepanek, Oliver Bothe, H.‐W. Chiang, Eric C. Grimm, Belen Martrat, Peter W. Brewer, René Dommain, Bruno Wilhelm, Nicholas P. McKay, Ning Zhao, Emilie Capron, Pierre Francus, Julie N. Richey, Michael Kahle, Kelsey A. Dyez, Sebastien Bertrand, Yolanda Gil, Manuel Chevalier, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), National Physical Laboratory [Teddington] (NPL), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gestion Territoriale de l'Eau et de l'environnement (UMR GESTE), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA, Centre Technique Agroalimentaire (CTCPA), Service de dermatologie et vénéréologie (CHUV Lausanne), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Geological Institute (ETHZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Brown University, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Martrat, Belen, Martrat, Belen [0000-0001-9904-9178], University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre d'études de chimie métallurgique (CECM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, Paleoclimate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Standardization, Computer science, Best practice, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Big data, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Terminology, Grassroots, Paleoceanography, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, paleoclimate, ddc:550, best practices, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 550 Earth sciences & geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, FAIR, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Data, Community engagement, business.industry, Paleontology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Data science, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Metadata, data, 13. Climate action, paleoceanography, standards, Institut für Geowissenschaften, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Working group
Abstract

The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches. ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., Code and data to reproduce the figures of this article are available on GitHub and released on Zenodo (doi:10.5281/zenodo.3165019). Definition of properties and recommendations are summarized here: http://wiki.linked.earth/PaCTS_v1.0 . This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the EarthCube Program with Grant ICER‐1541029. Feedback solicitation on the standard was facilitated by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) organization. The 2016 workshop on Paleoclimate Data Standards was hosted by the World Data Service for Paleoclimatology (WDS/NOAA‐Paleo), and the participation of international attendees was made possible by a PAGES travel grant. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Published
2019
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7. Glacial expansion of oxygen-depleted seawater in the eastern tropical Pacific

Author

Natalie Umling, Eric D. Galbraith, Rosalind E. M. Rickaby, Robert C. Thunell, Xiaoli Zhou, Babette A A Hoogakker, Zunli Lu, Olivier Cartapanis, and Luke Jones

Subjects
Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Pacific Ocean, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Foraminifera, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Carbon cycle, Oxygen, chemistry.chemical_compound, Water column, Oceanography, chemistry, Carbon dioxide, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Ice age, Environmental science, Seawater, Ice Cover, Glacial period, Hypoxia, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Increased storage of carbon in the oceans has been proposed as a mechanism to explain lower concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide during ice ages; however, unequivocal signatures of this storage have not been found1. In seawater, the dissolved gases oxygen and carbon dioxide are linked via the production and decay of organic material, with reconstructions of low oxygen concentrations in the past indicating an increase in biologically mediated carbon storage. Marine sediment proxy records have suggested that oxygen concentrations in the deep ocean were indeed lower during the last ice age, but that near-surface and intermediate waters of the Pacific Ocean—a large fraction of which are poorly oxygenated at present—were generally better oxygenated during the glacial1–3. This vertical opposition could suggest a minimal net basin-integrated change in carbon storage. Here we apply a dual-proxy approach, incorporating qualitative upper-water-column and quantitative bottom-water oxygen reconstructions4,5, to constrain changes in the vertical extent of low-oxygen waters in the eastern tropical Pacific since the last ice age. Our tandem proxy reconstructions provide evidence of a downward expansion of oxygen depletion in the eastern Pacific during the last glacial, with no indication of greater oxygenation in the upper reaches of the water column. We extrapolate our quantitative deep-water oxygen reconstructions to show that the respired carbon reservoir of the glacial Pacific was substantially increased, establishing it as an important component of the coupled mechanism that led to low levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide during the glacial. A downward expansion of oxygen depletion in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the last ice age suggests an increase in the respired carbon reservoir, contributing to the lower levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide during this period.

Published
2018

8. Carbon burial in deep-sea sediment and implications for oceanic inventories of carbon and alkalinity over the last glacial cycle

Author

Olivier Cartapanis, Eric D. Galbraith, Daniele Bianchi, Samuel L. Jaccard, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, fungi, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 14. Life underwater, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Although it has long been assumed that the glacial–interglacial cycles of atmospheric CO2 occurred due to increased storage of CO2 in the ocean, with no change in the size of the “active” carbon inventory, there are signs that the geological CO2 supply rate to the active pool varied significantly. The resulting changes of the carbon inventory cannot be assessed without constraining the rate of carbon removal from the system, which largely occurs in marine sediments. The oceanic supply of alkalinity is also removed by the burial of calcium carbonate in marine sediments, which plays a major role in air–sea partitioning of the active carbon inventory. Here, we present the first global reconstruction of carbon and alkalinity burial in deep-sea sediments over the last glacial cycle. Although subject to large uncertainties, the reconstruction provides a first-order constraint on the effects of changes in deep-sea burial fluxes on global carbon and alkalinity inventories over the last glacial cycle. The results suggest that reduced burial of carbonate in the Atlantic Ocean was not entirely compensated by the increased burial in the Pacific basin during the last glacial period, which would have caused a gradual buildup of alkalinity in the ocean. We also consider the magnitude of possible changes in the larger but poorly constrained rates of burial on continental shelves, and show that these could have been significantly larger than the deep-sea burial changes. The burial-driven inventory variations are sufficiently large to have significantly altered the δ13C of the ocean–atmosphere carbon and changed the average dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity concentrations of the ocean by more than 100 µM, confirming that carbon burial fluxes were a dynamic, interactive component of the glacial cycles that significantly modified the size of the active carbon pool. Our results also suggest that geological sources and sinks were significantly unbalanced during the late Holocene, leading to a slow net removal flux on the order of 0.1 PgC yr−1 prior to the rapid input of carbon during the industrial period.

Published
2018
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9. Calibration of the carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of benthic foraminifera

Author

Andreas Mackensen, Delia W Oppo, Gema Martínez-Méndez, Juan Carlos Herguera, David C Lund, Claire Waelbroeck, Carlye D. Peterson, Elisabeth L. Sikes, William B Curry, Alan C. Mix, Janne Repschläger, Helen C Bostock, Jean Lynch-Stieglitz, Olivier Cartapanis, Elisabeth Michel, Babette A A Hoogakker, Howard J. Spero, Helena L. Filipsson, Julia Gottschalk, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Samuel L Jaccard, Eric D. Galbraith, Andreas Schmittner, Oregon State University (OSU), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Lund University [Lund], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Centro de Investigacion Científica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, Heriot-Watt University [Edinburgh] (HWU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, WINLAB Rutgers University, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Foraminifera, Water column, Dissolved organic carbon, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Life Below Water, 550 Earth sciences & geology, isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, benthic, biology, Ecology, carbon, foraminifera, Biological pump, Paleontology, biology.organism_classification, calibration, Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Seawater, Cibicides, Geology
Abstract

The carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of seawater provides valuable insight on ocean circulation, air-sea exchange, the biological pump, and the global carbon cycle and is reflected by the δ13C of foraminifera tests. Here more than 1700 δ13C observations of the benthic foraminifera genus Cibicides from late Holocene sediments (δ13CCibnat) are compiled and compared with newly updated estimates of the natural (preindustrial) water column δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDICnat) as part of the international Ocean Circulation and Carbon Cycling (OC3) project. Using selection criteria based on the spatial distance between samples, we find high correlation between δ13CCibnat and δ13CDICnat, confirming earlier work. Regression analyses indicate significant carbonate ion (−2.6±0.4)×10−3‰/(μmolkg−1) [CO32−] and pressure (−4.9±1.7)×10−5‰m−1 (depth) effects, which we use to propose a new global calibration for predicting δ13CDICnat from δ13CCibnat. This calibration is shown to remove some systematic regional biases and decrease errors compared with the one-to-one relationship (δ13CDICnat=δ13CCibnat). However, these effects and the error reductions are relatively small, which suggests that most conclusions from previous studies using a one-to-one relationship remain robust. The remaining standard error of the regression is generally σ≅0.25‰, with larger values found in the southeast Atlantic and Antarctic (σ≅0.4‰) and for species other than Cibicides wuellerstorfi. Discussion of species effects and possible sources of the remaining errors may aid future attempts to improve the use of the benthic δ13C record.

Published
2017
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10. Latitudinal variations in intermediate depth ventilation and biological production over northeastern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zones during the last 60 ka

Author

Kazuyo Tachikawa, Edouard Bard, Olivier Cartapanis, Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan

Subjects
Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Trace element, Geology, Last Glacial Maximum, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Deglaciation, Upwelling, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Mechanisms affecting past variability in the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific (ETNP) are poorly known. We analyzed core MD02-2524, obtained from the Nicaragua Margin in the present ETNP OMZ for major and minor elements (titanium (Ti), brome (Br), silicon (Si), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca)) using an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) core scanner, and redox-sensitive trace elements (uranium (U), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni)) determined by ICP-MS. The U and Mo content was higher during the deglaciation than during the Holocene and the last glacial maximum, whereas enrichment was not observed for Ni, an element closely associated with organic matter. High-resolution XRF scanning indicated that the Ca-based carbonate content had millennial-scale variability inversely correlated with Br-based organic matter and Si/K-based opal content during the last glacial period. The available data suggest no clear regional trend in biological productivity during the last deglaciation, but significant local variability in the coastal eastern equatorial Pacific. The trace element enrichment and the lack of a concomitant increase in biogenic phases indicated that an enhanced ETNP OMZ, at least between 15 degrees N and 12 degrees N at a water depth of 500-900 m, was principally caused by a reduced oxygen supply driven by oceanic circulation to the Nicaragua Basin during the deglaciation. The observed patterns can be interpreted as the distinct changes in the oxygenation state of northern and southern water masses at intermediate depths. We also found evidence for a decoupling between local productivity and pore water oxygenation for several millennial-scale events during Marine Isotopic Stage 3, indicating that remote oxygen consumption and/or oceanic ventilation impacted OMZ intensity. Multi-millennial scale variations of the productivity at Papagayo upwelling cell displayed an opposite trend from productivity at the Costa Rica Dome, in relation with the latitudinal shift of the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Latitudinal variations of the OMZ intensity reflected the relative influence of the northern and southern intermediate water masses whose oxygenation was driven by high latitude climates and productivity over the intermediate water pathway. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2012
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11. Deep water provenance and dynamics of the (de)glacial Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

Author

Hendrik Vogel, Stefan Mulitza, Maria Luiza de Carvalho Ferreira, Benny Antz, Marcus Gutjahr, Olivier Cartapanis, Jörg Lippold, Samuel L Jaccard, Emanuel Christner, Patrick Blaser, Frank Wombacher, Marcus Christl, Evelyn Böhm, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARM), University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Water and Earth System Science Competence Cluster (WESS), Haute École Pédagogique Berne-Jura-Neuchâtel (HEP Bejune), Haute Ecole Pédagogique du canton de Vaud (HEPL), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, deep sea sediments, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoceanography, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Deglaciation, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Last Glacial Maximum, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, Ocean current, North Atlantic Deep Water, Geophysics, Oceanography, Shutdown of thermohaline circulation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Thermohaline circulation, Pa-231/Th-230, epsilon(Nd), Geology
Abstract

Highlights • Six combined 231Pa/230Th and eNdeNd down-core profiles back to 25 ka are presented. • Increased influence of SCW and northward advection of deep waters during LGM/HS1. • Evidence for an active but shallower northern overturning cell during LGM/HS1. Abstract Reconstructing past modes of ocean circulation is an essential task in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. To this end, we combine two sedimentary proxies, Nd isotopes (eNdeNd) and the 231Pa/230Th ratio, both of which are not directly involved in the global carbon cycle, but allow the reconstruction of water mass provenance and provide information about the past strength of overturning circulation, respectively. In this study, combined 231Pa/230Th and eNdeNd down-core profiles from six Atlantic Ocean sediment cores are presented. The data set is complemented by the two available combined data sets from the literature. From this we derive a comprehensive picture of spatial and temporal patterns and the dynamic changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation over the past ∼25 ka. Our results provide evidence for a consistent pattern of glacial/stadial advances of Southern Sourced Water along with a northward circulation mode for all cores in the deeper (>3000 m) Atlantic. Results from shallower core sites support an active overturning cell of shoaled Northern Sourced Water during the LGM and the subsequent deglaciation. Furthermore, we report evidence for a short-lived period of intensified AMOC in the early Holocene.

Published
2016
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12. Persistent millennial-scale link between Greenland climate and northern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone under interglacial conditions

Author

Kazuyo Tachikawa, Oscar E. Romero, Olivier Cartapanis, Edouard Bard, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Universidad de Granada (UGR)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, Oxygen minimum zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Stadial, Glacial period, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Terrigenous sediment, Trace element, Northern Hemisphere, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Oceanography, Diatom, 13. Climate action, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Interglacial, Geology
Abstract

The intensity and/or extent of the northeastern Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) varied in-phase with the Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate on millennial timescales during the last glacial period, indicating the occurrence of atmospheric and oceanic connections under glacial conditions. While millennial variability was reported for both the Greenland and the northern Atlantic Ocean during the last interglacial period, the climatic connections with the northeastern Pacific OMZ has not yet been observed under warm interglacial conditions. Here we present a new geochemical dataset, spanning the past 120 ka, for major components (terrigenous fraction, marine organic matter, biogenic opal, and carbonates) generated by X-ray fluorescence scanning alongside with biological productivity and redox sensitive trace element content (Mo, Ni, Cd) of sediment core MD02-2508 at 23° N, retrieved from the northern limit of the modern OMZ. Based on elemental ratios Si / Ti (proxy for opal), Cd / Al and Ni / Al, we suggest that biological productivity was high during the last interglacial (MIS5). Highly resolved opal reconstruction presents millennial variability corresponding to all the Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadial events over the last interglacial, while the Mo / Al ratio indicates reduced oxygenation during these events. Extremely high opal content during warm interstadials suggests high diatom productivity. Despite the different climatic and oceanic background between glacial and interglacial periods, rapid variability in the northeastern Pacific OMZ seems to be tightly related to Northern Hemisphere high latitude climate via atmospheric and possibly oceanic processes.

Published
2014
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13. Northeastern Pacific oxygen minimum zone variability over the past 70 kyr: Impact of biological production and oceanic ventilation

Author

Olivier Cartapanis, Kazuyo Tachikawa, Edouard Bard, Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Trace element, Paleontology, Last Glacial Maximum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Oxygen minimum zone, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Stadial, Geology, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; During the last glacial period, the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) within the northeastern Pacific Ocean strengthened and weakened on a millennial time scale, demonstrating a tight linkage with northern high latitude climate, although the precise mechanisms responsible remain unknown. Core MD02-2508, retrieved off Baja California, was analyzed for major and trace elements (Br, Ca, Ti, Fe, Mn, and Sr) using a XRF scanner and redox-sensitive trace elements (Cu, Ni, Cd, As, V, Cr, Mo, and U) using the ICP-MS. The trace element content, the Fe/Ti ratio, and Br-based organic carbon exhibit higher values during the Holocene and during warm Dansgaard-Oeschger events than during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), stadials, and Heinrich (H) events. A principal component analysis of the element/Al ratio indicated that the following two main factors controlled the chemical composition of the sediments: (1) export production, as represented by organic carbon, that was lower during cold periods; and (2) regional intermediate water oxygenation, as represented by U and Mo variability, that was not supported by a change in export production. The latter suggests that intermediate water oxygenation improved during H events, but slightly deteriorated during late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and MIS 2. A local biogeochemical effect, forced by atmospheric processes, impacted the LGM and H events in the same manner. Whereas regional intermediate oceanic circulation varied in an opposite manner during the LGM and H events, possibly as a result of the global reorganization of intermediate water circulation during the LGM.

Published
2011
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14. Pan-derived isotopic composition of atmospheric vapour in a Mediterranean wetland (Rhone River Delta, France)

Author

Christine Vallet-Coulomb, Corinne Sonzogni, Marc Pichaud, Olivier Radakovitch, Olivier Cartapanis, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, evaporation pan, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Evaporation, oxygen-18, Oxygen Isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, atmospheric moisture, Inorganic Chemistry, Atmosphere, Rivers, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, Craig-Gordon model, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Pan evaporation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Hydrology, geography, Oxygen-18, River delta, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, Mediterranean Region, hydrogen-2, isotope hydrology, food and beverages, Humidity, Deuterium, wetland, 13. Climate action, Isotope hydrology, Wetlands, Environmental science, France, Gases, Volatilization, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

A continuous record of atmospheric vapour isotopic composition (delta(A)) can be derived from the isotope mass balance of a water body submitted to natural evaporation. In this paper, we present preliminary results of the application of this method to a drying evaporation pan, located in a Mediterranean wetland, during a two-month summer period. Results seem consistent with few atmospheric vapour data based on the assumption of isotopic equilibrium with precipitation, but we observed a shift between pan-derived delta(A) and the composition of vapour samples collected by cold trapping. These results suggest that further investigations are necessary to evaluate the effect of diurnal variations of atmospheric conditions on the applicability of the pan-evaporation method, and on the representative of grab atmospheric samples. We also propose a sensitivity analysis for evaluating the impact of the different measured components on delta(A) calculation, and show an improvement in the method efficiency as the pan is drying.

Published
2010
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