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Your search keyword '"Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira"' showing total 20 results
Start Over Author "Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira" Topic 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
20 results on '"Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira"'

1. Deforestation and land use change mediate soil carbon changes in the eastern Brazilian Amazon

Author

Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Joice Ferreira, Stephen M. Ogle, Júnior Melo Damian, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, Mariana Regina Durigan, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, and Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Land use, Amazon rainforest, USO DO SOLO, Soil classification, Forestry, Land cover, Soil carbon, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Deforestation, Secondary forest, Environmental science, Land use, land-use change and forestry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Deforestation and land use change (LUC) to expand the agricultural frontier in the Brazilian Amazon deplete soil carbon (C) stocks, and negatively impact climate regulation. The variety of soil types, land-transition options, and management practices present in the Amazon region require detailed inventories to reduce the uncertainties associated with estimates of soil C change. Therefore, we conducted a study covering ca. 1 million hectares to estimate the soil C stock changes due to LUC in Paragominas and Santarem, Para state, eastern Brazilian Amazon, for the period of 1990–2010. Soil C stocks for 1990 were modeled based on land cover at the time. In 2010, we carried out a field work taking soil samples to measure soil C stock changes in 356 transects across contrasting land uses (logged and burnt forest, young secondary forest, intermediate secondary forest, old secondary forest, pasture, and cropland). The response ratios for the conversion from undisturbed forest to new land uses were calculated considering the differences in soil C stocks, with the undisturbed forest as reference. Between 1990 and 2010, LUC induced a total loss of 1.51 Tg C year-1 (over an area of 7350 km2). For this period, the uncertainty of estimates was ± 23.2%. The land transitions to pasture and cropland were the main drivers of soil C losses. Thus, deforestation contributes to climate change not only through losses of forest biomass but also subsequently soil C losses. These results can inform national and international climate change initiatives associated with LUC in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.

Published
2021
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2. Assessing the impact of different tillage systems and land uses on CO2-C emissions in Eastern Amazonia

Author

Jose Mauro Sousa de Moura, Mi ercio Jorge Alves Ferreira Junior, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Marcos Ximenes Ponte, Al irio Furtado Neto, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Troy Patrick Beldini, Miércio Jorge Alves Ferreira Junior, UFOPA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, Rodrigo da Silva, UFOPA, José Mauro de Sousa de Moura, UFOPA, Alírio Furtado Neto, UFOPA, Marcos Ximenes Ponte, UFOPA, and Troy Patrick Beldini, UFOPA.

Subjects
geography, Biogeochemical cycle, Efeito Estufa, geography.geographical_feature_category, Conventional tillage, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 01 natural sciences, Pasture, Uso do solo, Carbon cycle, Tillage, Agronomy, Soil water, Carbono, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The production and emission of CO2 in native, pasture and cultivated areas is a result of microbiological activity and mineralization of organic matter, and depends on favorable environmental factors, such as temperature, availability of water and of land use. The results of this work show that the no tillage system (NT) has the potential to mitigate 37.7% of C-CO2 efflux from cultivation of soy compared to conventional tillage (CT). The temperature of the soil accounted for 65% of the variability of the flux of CO2-C in CT. The variation of soil moisture explained 73 and 51% of the flux of CO2-C in CT and NT, respectively. These results indicate that soil moisture and soil temperature were controlling factors of CO2-C emissions from soil to atmosphere because these parameters directly affect soil microbial activity. The results also show that the active pasture had the highest outflows of soil CO2-C to the atmosphere in relation to forests and degraded pasture in Western Pará. Furthermore, it was shown that both the pastures and forests have seasonality in the fluw, which mainly related to precipitation patterns and water potential between soil and air. We observed a strong correlation between the efflux and soil moisture of both capoeira and in the pastures, as the soil temperature was a controlling factor of the active efflux only in the pasture. The average fluw of CO2-C obtained in pasture active was 218.9 mg C m-2 h-1 value of 40.7% higher than the primary forests and 155.5 mg C m-2 h-1. Finally, the results presented here suggest that the conventional tillage and pasture management are activities strongly associated to human enhance biogeochemical changes in the balance of carbon in these ecosystems, since the efflux of CO2-C is related to soil primary productivity of these ecosystems. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-02T06:14:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MIERCIO2017.pdf: 1461174 bytes, checksum: 3d0790981ef7478130a49e8caa8af156 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29

Published
2017
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3. Evapotranspiration and control mechanisms in managed Amazonian forest in, Par, Brazil

Author

Troy Patrick Beldini, Diego Aguiar, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Raphael Tapajós, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Diego Ribeiro de Aguiar, INPA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, Troy Patrick Beldini, UFOPA, Rodrigo da Silva, UFOPA, and Raphael Tapajós, UFOPA.

Subjects
Condutância aerodinâmica, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Management intervention, Amazon rainforest, Agroforestry, Floresta Tropical, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Natural forest, Eddy covariance, Amazonian forest, Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Tropical rain forest, Tapajós, Evapotranspiration, Environmental science, National forest, Vapor de água, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Fator de dissociação, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This work examines whether management causes changes in evapotranspiration (ET) surface conductance (gs), aerodynamic conductance (ga) and the decoupling factor (Ω) in managed and natural forest sites in a tropical rain forest in the Amazon. The study was conducted in the Tapajós National Forest (FNT) in managed (logged) and natural (unlogged) forests, which have micrometeorological towers for data capture. For ET estimation, the Penman-Monteith (PM) and Eddy Covariance (EC) equations were used. The models were significantly different only for unlogged (PM 134.9±15.9 mm.month-1 and EC 100.9±11.1 mm.month-1), while the means of the logged site were PM 111.1±15.7 mm.month-1 and EC 108.5±18.3 mm.month-1. Each area has different characteristics for the surface variables, ga, gs and Ω, and therefore the sites were different from each other for the study variables. However, logged ET did not differ for the PM, while EC decreased in the year after the management intervention, and was then followed by an increase. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-02T06:14:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIEGO2017.pdf: 722861 bytes, checksum: 3aa40db1e1ebf7e2f423ed3cea3b119a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29

Published
2017
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4. Carbon dynamics in a human-modified tropical forest: a case study using multi-temporal LiDAR Data

Author

Ricardo Dalagnol, Mariano García, Heiko Balzter, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, Yhasmin Mendes de Moura, Lênio Soares Galvão, Fernando Del Bon Espírito-Santo, Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro, Erone G. Santos, Yhasmin Mendes de Moura, University of Leicester, Heiko Balzter, University of Leicester, Lênio S. Galvão, INPE, Ricardo Dalagnol, INPE, Fernando Espírito-Santo, University of Leicester, Erone G. Santos, University of Helsinki, Mariano Garcia, Universidad de Alcalá, Polyanna da Conceição Bispo, University of Manchester, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, Yosio E. Shimabukuro, INPE., Department of Geosciences and Geography, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, canopy height, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, viruses, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, airborne LiDAR, Amazon forest, aboveground carbon, forest disturbance, Carbon cycle, AMAZON, amazon forest, Amazonia, Deforestation, Floresta Tropical, Carbono, lcsh:Science, DROUGHT, 1172 Environmental sciences, FIRES, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tree canopy, Forest dynamics, Carbon accounting, MORTALITY, DIEBACK, virus diseases, Tropics, Understory, DEGRADATION, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, 15. Life on land, VARIABILITY, chemistry, airborne lidar, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, DEFORESTATION, SENSITIVITY, Carbon, ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS
Abstract

Tropical forests hold significant amounts of carbon and play a critical role on Earth´s climate system. To date, carbon dynamics over tropical forests have been poorly assessed, especially over vast areas of the tropics that have been affected by some type of disturbance (e.g., selective logging, understory fires, and fragmentation). Understanding the multi-temporal dynamics of carbon stocks over human-modified tropical forests (HMTF) is crucial to close the carbon cycle balance in the tropics. Here, we used multi-temporal and high-spatial resolution airborne LiDAR data to quantify rates of carbon dynamics over a large patch of HMTF in eastern Amazon, Brazil. We described a robust approach to monitor changes in aboveground forest carbon stocks between 2012 and 2018. Our results showed that this particular HMTF lost 0.57 m·yr−1 in mean forest canopy height and 1.38 Mg·C·ha-1 yr-1 of forest carbon between 2012 and 2018. LiDAR-based estimates of Aboveground Carbon Density (ACD) showed progressive loss through the years, from 77.9 Mg·C·ha-1 in 2012 to 53.1 Mg·C·ha-1 in 2018, thus a decrease of 31.8%. Rates of carbon stock changes were negative for all time intervals analyzed, yielding average annual carbon loss rates of -1.34 Mg·C·ha−1·yr−1. This suggests that this HMTF is acting more as a source of carbon than a sink, having great negative implications for carbon emission scenarios in tropical forests. Although more studies of forest dynamics in HMTFs are necessary to reduce the current remaining uncertainties in the carbon cycle, our results highlight the persistent effects of carbon losses for the study area. HMTFs are likely to expand across the Amazon in the near future. The resultant carbon source conditions, directly associated with disturbances, may be essential when considering climate projections and carbon accounting methods Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-01T09:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 remotesensing-12-00430-v2.pdf: 3135620 bytes, checksum: 2f51f740c4da6a36908b58a14c3b4b42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Published
2020
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5. The FLUXNET2015 dataset and the ONEFlux processing pipeline for eddy covariance data

Author

Eddy Moors, Uwe Eichelmann, Christian Brümmer, Stefano Minerbi, Barbara Marcolla, Gil Bohrer, Leonardo Montagnani, Üllar Rannik, Han Dolman, Janina Klatt, Samuli Launiainen, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Nina Buchmann, Hank A. Margolis, Beniamino Gioli, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Gianluca Filippa, Kenneth J. Davis, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Ray Leuning, Andrew Feitz, Simone Sabbatini, Harry McCaughey, Werner Eugster, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Timothy J. Arkebauer, N. N. Vygodskaya, Adam J. Liska, Rosvel Bracho, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Jiří Dušek, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Christof Ammann, Daniel Berveiller, Zoran Nesic, Giacomo Nicolini, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Russell L. Scott, David E. Reed, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Changliang Shao, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Yingnian Li, Jason Beringer, Marc Fischer, Deb Agarwal, Rasmus Fensholt, Russell K. Monson, Agnès de Grandcourt, Stefan K. Arndt, Timo Vesala, Uta Moderow, Joseph Verfaillie, Mika Aurela, Bev Law, Nina Hinko-Najera, Taro Nakai, Richard P. Phillips, Lindsay B. Hutley, Benjamin Loubet, Michele Tomassucci, Ayumi Kotani, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Caitlin E. Moore, Xiaoqin Dai, Damien Bonal, John M. Frank, Yuelin Li, Christopher M. Gough, Shijie Han, Shirley A. Papuga, Edoardo Cremonese, Shawn Urbanski, Sébastien C. Biraud, Scott D. Miller, Mana Gharun, Annalea Lohila, Ian McHugh, Giovanni Manca, Bert Gielen, Wayne S. Meyer, Pierpaolo Duce, Bruce D. Cook, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, B.R. Reverter, Marian Pavelka, Andrew M. S. McMillan, Gang Dong, Isaac Chini, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, E. Beamesderfer, Marty Humphrey, Virginie Moreaux, Christian Wille, Markus Hehn, Hideki Kobayashi, Allen H. Goldstein, Walter C. Oechel, Richard Silberstein, Francisco Domingo, Francesco Mazzenga, Elise Pendall, Juha Hatakka, Lutz Merbold, Xingguo Han, Daniela Famulari, Carlo Trotta, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Benoit Burban, Pavel Sedlák, Diego Polidori, Asko Noormets, Huimin Wang, Birger Ulf Hansen, Thomas Grünwald, Caroline Vincke, Robert M. Stevens, Carole Coursolle, D. P. Billesbach, Karl Schneider, Guoyi Zhou, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Paul V. Bolstad, Iris Feigenwinter, Shiping Chen, Julia Boike, Ivan Schroder, D. S. Christianson, Junhui Zhang, Pierre Cellier, Catharine van Ingen, Andrej Varlagin, A. Ribeca, Claudia Consalvo, Derek Eamus, Jason Brodeur, Alan G. Barr, Denis Loustau, Andreas Ibrom, Ankur R. Desai, Andrew E. Suyker, Efrén López-Blanco, Peter Cale, Nicola Arriga, William J. Massman, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, Yoshiko Kosugi, Pauline Buysse, Cove Sturtevant, T. A. Black, Housen Chu, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Albin Hammerle, Tilden P. Meyers, M. Altaf Arain, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ignacio Goded, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Torsten Sachs, Tuomas Laurila, Cristina Poindexter, E. Canfora, Alexander Knohl, Donatella Spano, Silvano Fares, Scott R. Saleska, Michiel K. van der Molen, Suzanne M. Prober, Marryanna Lion, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Matthew Northwood, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Christine Moureaux, Jean-Marc Limousin, Sara H. Knox, Damiano Gianelle, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Mikhail Mastepanov, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Peter D. Blanken, Hyojung Kwon, Georg Wohlfahrt, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Allison L. Dunn, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Heiko Prasse, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Yanhong Tang, Donatella Zona, Andrew S. Kowalski, Eric Dufrêne, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Siyan Ma, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Jonas Ardö, Ko van Huissteden, Roser Matamala, Robin Weber, Nigel J. Tapper, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Eva van Gorsel, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Frank Tiedemann, Myroslava Khomik, Torben R. Christensen, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Víctor Resco de Dios, Ivan Shironya, Jeffrey P. Walker, You Wei Cheah, Ana López-Ballesteros, Georgia R. Koerber, J. William Munger, Shicheng Jiang, Johannes Lüers, Bruno De Cinti, Gilberto Pastorello, David R. Cook, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Nicolas Delpierre, Peter Isaac, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Jiquan Chen, Craig Macfarlane, Dennis D. Baldocchi, William Woodgate, Riccardo Valentini, Marilyn Roland, Ladislav Šigut, Tomomichi Kato, Sebastian Westermann, Ivan Mammarella, Bart Kruijt, Marta Galvagno, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, J. Kurbatova, Sean P. Burns, Ettore D'Andrea, Chad Hanson, Vincenzo Magliulo, Anne Griebel, Brian D. Amiro, M. Goeckede, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Thomas L. Powell, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Cacilia Ewenz, Michael J. Liddell, Satoru Takanashi, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, N. Pirk, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Matthias Peichl, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Costantino Sirca, Earth and Climate, Earth Sciences, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], California State University [Sacramento], Michigan State University System, University of Virginia, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Lund University [Lund], University of Nebraska–Lincoln, University of Nebraska System, University of Melbourne, University of Antwerp (UA), Université de Liège, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Peoples Friendship University of Russia [RUDN University] (RUDN), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Minnesota System, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Utah, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Thunen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Technology Sydney (UTS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Shanxi University (SXU), Worcester State University [Worcester], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, GILBERTO PASTORELLO, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, THOMAS ANDREW BLACK, University of British Columbia, PETER D. BLANKEN, University of Colorado, GIL BOHRER, Ohio State University, JULIA BOIKE, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research / Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, PAUL V. BOLSTAD, University of Minnesota, JEAN-MARC BONNEFOND, ISPA Bordeaux Sciences Agro, DAVID R. BOWLING, University of Utah, ROSVEL BRACHO, University of Florida, JASON BRODEUR, McMaster University, CHRISTIAN BRÜMMER, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH Zurich, BENOIT BURBAN, INRAE UMR ECOFOG, AGNES DE GRANDCOURT, UMR Eco&Sols, CIRAD, ANNE DE LIGNE, University of Liege, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, HAN DOLMAN, Universiteit Amsterdam, FRANCISCO DOMINGO, CSIC, GANG DONG, Shanxi University, SABINA DORE, HydroFocus, PIERPAOLO DUCE, National Research Council of Italy, MARTA GALVAGNO, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MANA GHARUN, ETH Zurich, DAMIANO GIANELLE, Fondazione Edmund Mach, MARCIN JACKOWICZ-KORCZYNSKI, Lund University / Aarhus University, DALIBOR JANOUS, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, WILMA JANS, Wageningen University and Research, RACHHPAL JASSAL, University of British Columbia, SHICHENG JIANG, Northeast Normal University, ANA LÓPEZ-BALLESTEROS, Trinity College Dublin, EFRÉN LÓPEZ-BLANCO, Aarhus University, BENJAMIN LOUBET, Université Paris-Saclay, DENIS LOUSTAU, ISPA - INRA, JOHANNES LÜERS, University of Bayreuth, JOHAN NEIRYNCK, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, ZORAN NESIC, University of British Columbia, GIACOMO NICOLINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ASKO NOORMETS, Texas A&M University, MATTHEW NORTHWOOD, Charles Darwin University, KIMBERLY NOVICK, Indiana University Bloomington, MARILYN ROLAND, University of Antwerp, SIMONE SABBATINI, University of Tuscia, TORSTEN SACHS, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, SCOTT R. SALESKA, University of Arizona, ENRIQUE P. SÁNCHEZ-CAÑETE, University of Granada / CEAMA-IISTA, ZULIA M. SANCHEZ-MEJIA, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, RAINER STEINBRECHER, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ROBERT M. STEVENS, Sentek Pty Ltd, COVE STURTEVANT, National Ecological Observatory Network Program, ANDY SUYKER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, TORBERN TAGESSON, Lund University / University of Copenhagen, SATORU TAKANASHI, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, DOMENICO VITALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC, NATALIA VYGODSKAYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, JEFFREY P. WALKER, Monash University, ELIZABETH WALTER-SHEA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, HUIMIN WANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBIN WEBER, University of California Berkeley, SEBASTIAN WESTERMANN, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), CHRISTIAN WILLE, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, STEVEN WOFSY, Harvard University, GEORG WOHLFAHRT, University of Innsbruck, SEBASTIAN WOLF, ETH Zurich, WILLIAM WOODGATE, CSIRO Land and Water, YUELIN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DONATELLA ZONA, San Diego State University / University of Sheffield, DEB AGARWAL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, SEBASTIEN BIRAUD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARGARET TORN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DARIO PAPALE, University of Tuscia / CMCC., ALLISON DUNN, Worcester State University, JIRÍ DUSEK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, DEREK EAMUS, University of Technology Sydney, UWE EICHELMANN, Technische Universität Dresden, HOUSEN CHU, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, DANIELLE CHRISTIANSON, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, YOU-WEI CHEAH, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CRISTINA POINDEXTER, California State University, JIQUAN CHEN, Michigan State University, ABDELRAHMAN ELBASHANDY, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MARTY HUMPHREY, University of Virginia, PETER ISAAC, TERN Ecosystrem Processes, DIEGO POLIDORI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, ALESSIO RIBECA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, CATHARINE VAN INGEN, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, LEIMINGZ HANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BRIAN AMIRO, University of Manitoba, CHRISTOF AMMANN, Agroscope Research Institute, M. ALTAF ARAIN, McMaster University, JONAS ARDÖ, Lund University, TIMOTHY ARKEBAUER, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, STEFAN K. ARNDT, The University of Melbourne, NICOLA ARRIGA, University of Antwerp / Joint Research Centre, MARC AUBINET, University of Liege, MIKA AURELA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, DENNIS BALDOCCHI, University of California Berkeley, ALAN BARR, University of Saskatchewan / Environment and Climate Change Canada, DAMIEN BONAL, Université de Lorraine, SEAN P. BURNS, University of Colorado / National Center for Atmospheric Research, PAULINE BUYSSE, Université Paris-Saclay, PETER CALE, Australian Landscape Trust, MAURO CAVAGNA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, PIERRE CELLIER, Université Paris-Saclay, SHIPING CHEN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISAAC CHINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, TORBEN R . CHRISTENSEN, Aarhus University, JAMES CLEVERLY, University of Technology Sydney, ALESSIO COLLALTI, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, CLAUDIA CONSALVO, University of Tuscia / National Research Council of Italy, BRUCE D. COOK, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, DAVID COOK, Argonne National Laboratory, CAROLE COURSOLLE, Natural Resources Canada / Université Laval, EDOARDO CREMONESE, Climate Change Unit, PETER S. CURTIS, Ohio State University, ETTORE DANDREA, National Research Council of Italy, HUMBERTO DA ROCHA, USP, XIAOQIN DAI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, KENNETH J. DAVIS, The Pennsylvania State University, BRUNO DE CINTI, National Research Council of Italy, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, Université Paris-Saclay, ANKUR R . DESAI, University of Wisconsin-Madison, CARLOS MARCELO DI BELLA, Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires., PAUL DI TOMMASI, National Research Council of Italy, ERIC DUFRÊNE, Université Paris-Saclay, MARIUS SCHMIDT, Agrosphere (IBG3), HATIM ABDALLA M. ELKHIDIR, ElObeid Research Station, WERNER EUGSTER, ETH Zurich, CACILIA M. EWENZ, TERN Ecosystem Processes Central Node, BRENT EWERS, University of Wyoming, DANIELA FAMULARI, National Research Council of Italy, SILVANO FARES, National Research Council of Italy / Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, IRIS FEIGENWINTER, ETH Zurich, ANDREW FEITZ, Geoscience Australia, RASMUS FENSHOLT, University of Copenhagen, GIANLUCA FILIPPA, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, MARC FISCHER, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, JOHN FRANK, USDA Forest Service, BERT GIELEN, University of Antwerp, BENIAMINO GIOLI, National Research Council of Italy, ANATOLY GITELSON, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, IGNACIO BALLARIN GODED, Joint Research Centre, MATHIAS GOECKEDE, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ALLEN H. GOLDSTEIN, University of California Berkeley, CHRISTOPHER M. GOUGH, Virginia Commonwealth University, MICHAEL L. GOULDEN, University of California, ALEXANDER GRAF, Forschungszentrum Jülich, ANNE GRIEBEL, The University of Melbourne, CARSTEN GRUENING, Joint Research Centre, THOMAS GRÜNWALD, Technische Universität Dresden, ALBIN HAMMERLE, University of Innsbruck, SHIJIE HAN, Henan University / Chinese Academy of Sciences, XINGGUO HAN, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BIRGER ULF HANSEN, University of Copenhagen, CHAD HANSON, Oregon State University, JUHA HATAKKA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, YONGTAO HE, Chinese Academy of Sciences / University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, MARKUS HEHN, Technische Universität Dresden, BERNARD HEINESCH, University of Liege, NINA HINKO-NAJERA, The University of Melbourne, LUKAS HÖRTNAGL, ETH Zurich, LINDSAY HUTLEY, Charles Darwin University, ANDREAS IBROM, Technical University of Denmark, HIROKI IKAWA, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, TOMOMICHI KATO, Hokkaido University, MYROSLAVA KHOMIK, McMaster University / Geography and Environmental Management, JANINA KLATT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, ALEXANDER KNOHL, University of Goettingen, SARA KNOX, The University of British Columbia, HIDEKI KOBAYASHI, Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, GEORGIA KOERBER, University of Adelaide, OLAF KOLLE, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, YOSHIKO KOSUGI, Kyoto University, AYUMI KOTANI, Nagoya University, ANDREW KOWALSKI, University of Granada, BART KRUIJT, Wageningen University, JULIA KURBATOVA, Russian Academy of Sciences, WERNER L. KUTSCH, ICOS ERIC, HYOJUNG KWON, Oregon State University, SAMULI LAUNIAINEN, Natural Resources Institute Finland, TUOMAS LAURILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute, BEV LAW, Oregon State University, RAY LEUNING, In memoriam, YINGNIAN LI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MICHAEL LIDDELL, James Cook University, JEAN-MARC LIMOUSIN, Univ Montpellier, KARL SCHNEIDER, University of Cologne, MARRYANNA LION, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, ADAM J. LISKA, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, ANNALEA LOHILA, Finnish Meteorological Institute / University of Helsinki, ANTJE LUCAS-MOFFAT, Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture / Centre for Agrometeorological Research, SIYAN MA, University of California Berkeley, CRAIG MACFARLANE, CSIRO Land and Water, VINCENZO MAGLIULO, National Research Council of Italy, REGINE MAIER, ETH Zurich, IVAN MAMMARELLA, University of Helsinki, GIOVANNI MANCA, Joint Research Centre, BARBARA MARCOLLA, Fondazione Edmund Mach, HANK A . MARGOLIS, Université Laval, SERENA MARRAS, CMCC / University of Sassari, WILLIAM MASSMAN, USDA Forest Service, MIKHAIL MASTEPANOV, Aarhus University / University of Oulu, ROSER MATAMALA, Argonne National Laboratory, JACLYN HATALA MATTHES, Wellesley College, FRANCESCO MAZZENGA, National Research Council of Italy, HARRY MCCAUGHEY, Queen’s University, IAN MCHUGH, The University of Melbourne, ANDREW M. S. MCMILLAN, Environmental Analytics NZ, LUTZ MERBOLD, International Livestock Research Institute, WAYNE MEYER, University of Adelaide, TILDEN MEYERS, NOAA/OAR/Air Resources Laboratory, SCOTT D. MILLER, State University of New York at Albany, STEFANO MINERBI, Forest Department of South Tyrol, UTA MODEROW, Technische Universität Dresden, RUSSELL K. MONSON, University of Arizona, LEONARDO MONTAGNANI, Forest Department of South Tyrol / Free University of Bolzano, CAITLIN E. MOORE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, EDDY MOORS, IHE Delft / VU Amsterdam, VIRGINIE MOREAUX, ISPA / University Grenoble Alpes, CHRISTINE MOUREAUX, University of Liege, J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, TARO NAKAI, National Taiwan University / University of Alaska Fairbanks, MARCELO NOSETTO, Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis / UNER, YANN NOUVELLON, Univ Montpellier-CIRAD-INRA-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, WALTER OECHEL, San Diego State University / University of Exeter, JORGEN EIVIND OLESEN, Aarhus University, JEAN-MARC OURCIVAL, Univ Montpellier, SHIRLEY A. PAPUGA, Wayne State University, FRANS-JAN PARMENTIER, Lund University / University of Oslo, EUGENIE PAUL-LIMOGES, University of Zurich, MARIAN PAVELKA, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, MATTHIAS PEICHL, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, ELISE PENDALL, Western Sydney University, RICHARD P. PHILLIPS, Indiana University Bloomington, KIM PILEGAARD, Technical University of Denmark, NORBERT PIRK, Lund University / CSIRO Land and Water, GABRIELA POSSE, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), THOMAS POWELL, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, HEIKO PRASSE, Technische Universität Dresden, SUZANNE M. PROBER, CSIRO Land and Water, SERGE RAMBAL, Univ Montpellier, ÜLLAR RANNIK, University of Helsinki, DAVID REED, Michigan State University, VICTOR RESCO DE DIOS, Western Sydney University / Southwest University of Science and Technology, NATALIA RESTREPO-COUPE, University of Arizona, BORJA R. REVERTER, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, HANS PETER SCHMID, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, FREDERIK SCHRADER, Federal Research Institute of Rural Areas, IVAN SCHRODER, Geoscience Australia, RUSSELL L. SCOTT, Southwest Watershed Research Center, PAVEL SEDLÁK, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences / Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, PENÉLOPE SERRANO-ORTÍZ, CEAMA-IISTA / University of Granada, CHANGLIANG SHAO, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, PEILI SHI, Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVAN SHIRONYA, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKAS SIEBICKE, Bioclimatology, University of Goettingen, LADISLAV SIGUT, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, RICHARD SILBERSTEIN, University of Western Australia / Edith Cowan University, COSTANTINO SIRCA, CMCC / University of Sassari, DONATELLA SPANO, CMCC / University of Sassari, YANHONG TANG, Peking University, NIGEL TAPPER, Monash University, JONATHAN THOM, University of Wisconsin-Madison, FRANK TIEDEMANN, University of Goettingen, MICHELE TOMASSUCCI, University of Tuscia / Terrasystem srl, JUHA-PEKKA TUOVINEN, Finnish Meteorological Institute, SHAWN URBANSKI, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RICCARDO VALENTINI, University of Tuscia / CMCC, MICHIEL VAN DER MOLEN, Wageningen University, EVA VAN GORSEL, Australian National University Canberra, KO VAN HUISSTEDEN, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, ANDREJ VARLAGIN, Russian Academy of Sciences, JOSEPH VERFAILLIE, University of California Berkeley, TIMO VESALA, University of Helsinki, CAROLINE VINCKE, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ROBERTO ZAMPEDRI, Fondazione Edmund Mach, JUNHUI ZHANG, Chinese Academy of Sciences, GUOYI ZHOU, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, NAAMA RAZ-YASEEF, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, ERIC BEAMESDERFER, McMaster University, CARLO TROTTA, University of Tuscia, ELEONORA CANFORA, University of Tuscia / CMCC, LUCA BELELLI MARCHESINI, Fondazione Edmund Mach / RUDN University, ONIL BERGERON, Ministère du Développement durable de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, JASON BERINGER, University of Western Australia, CHRISTIAN BERNHOFER, Technische Universität Dresden, DANIEL BERVEILLER, Université Paris-Saclay, and DAVE BILLESBACH, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, Data Descriptor, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Settore AGR/05 - ASSESTAMENTO FORESTALE E SELVICOLTURA, dataset provides ecosystem, UNCERTAINTY, Eddy covariance, Observation météorologique, 01 natural sciences, ecosystem-scale data, lcsh:Science, SITES, Energy, Respiration, Statistics, Uncertainty, Carbon cycle, Biological measurements, Terrestrial biome, RESPIRATION, gapfilling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Assimilation, Anhídrid carbònic, ddc:500, Net ecosystem exchange, Écosystème, STORAGE, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, ecosystem approaches [EN], Meteorology and Air Quality, ASSIMILATION, Library and Information Sciences, Education, collection [EN], Donnée climatique, Data collection, Water, 15. Life on land, Earth system science, Climate Resilience, Klimaatbestendigheid, lcsh:Q, processing, Climate sciences, Ecophysiology, Storage, Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources, 010501 environmental sciences, CARBON-DIOXIDE, ENERGY-BALANCE CLOSURE, ddc:550, Échange d'énergie, FLUXNET2015, Biosphere, Energy balance closure, fluxnet, Computer Science Applications, Collecte de données, Energia, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Eddy Covariance, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, Engineering sciences. Technology, Sensoriamento Remoto, FLUX, 1171 Geosciences, Consistency (database systems), eau, Life Science, Time series, Remote sensing studies, Measurement device, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic, WIMEK, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, Pipeline (software), Environmental sciences, Metadata, Earth sciences, Carbon dioxide, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Probability and Uncertainty, Water Systems and Global Change, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract

The FLUXNET2015 dataset provides ecosystem-scale data on CO2, water, and energy exchange between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and other meteorological and biological measurements, from 212 sites around the globe (over 1500 site-years, up to and including year 2014). These sites, independently managed and operated, voluntarily contributed their data to create global datasets. Data were quality controlled and processed using uniform methods, to improve consistency and intercomparability across sites. The dataset is already being used in a number of applications, including ecophysiology studies, remote sensing studies, and development of ecosystem and Earth system models. FLUXNET2015 includes derived-data products, such as gap-flled time series, ecosystem respiration and photosynthetic uptake estimates, estimation of uncertainties, and metadata about the measurements, presented for the frst time in this paper. In addition, 206 of these sites are for the frst time distributed under a Creative Commons (CC-BY 4.0) license. This paper details this enhanced dataset and the processing methods, now made available as open-source codes, making the dataset more accessible, transparent, and reproducible., European Union (EU), United States Department of Energy (DOE)

Published
2020
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6. Author Correction

Author

Pierpaolo Duce, B.R. Reverter, Bruce D. Cook, Marian Pavelka, Lindsay B. Hutley, Francesco Mazzenga, Caroline Vincke, Benoit Burban, Damiano Gianelle, Üllar Rannik, William J. Massman, Claudia Consalvo, Scott R. Saleska, D. P. Billesbach, Guoyi Zhou, Julia Boike, Michiel K. van der Molen, Werner Eugster, Hyojung Kwon, Thomas Grünwald, Thomas L. Powell, T. A. Black, Caitlin E. Moore, Albin Hammerle, Yingnian Li, Cristina Poindexter, Uwe Eichelmann, Marcelo D. Nosetto, Xiaoqin Dai, Cacilia Ewenz, Gilberto Pastorello, Carlos Marcelo Di Bella, Damien Bonal, Stefano Minerbi, Rosvel Bracho, Kim Pilegaard, Serena Marras, Michael J. Liddell, Mika Aurela, N. Pirk, Shawn Urbanski, Scott D. Miller, Janina Klatt, Eugénie Paul-Limoges, Jean-Marc Limousin, Hideki Kobayashi, Juha Hatakka, Georg Wohlfahrt, Diego Polidori, Mana Gharun, Olaf Kolle, Jørgen E. Olesen, Peili Shi, Yann Nouvellon, Johan Neirynck, Rainer Steinbrecher, Lukas Siebicke, Satoru Takanashi, Eva van Gorsel, Domenico Vitale, Regine Maier, Hans Peter Schmid, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Torben R. Christensen, Giovanni Manca, Elizabeth A. Walter-Shea, Leonardo Montagnani, Jonathan E. Thom, James Cleverly, Andrew Feitz, Nina Buchmann, Andrew M. S. McMillan, N. N. Vygodskaya, E. Canfora, Richard Silberstein, David E. Reed, Marc Fischer, Ankur R. Desai, Leiming Zhang, Alexander Graf, Sébastien C. Biraud, Samuli Launiainen, Siyan Ma, Bart Kruijt, Carlo Trotta, Nicola Arriga, Christopher M. Gough, Elise Pendall, Peter S. Curtis, Margaret S. Torn, Gabriela Posse, Ivan Shironya, Silvano Fares, You Wei Cheah, Karl Schneider, Robin Weber, D. S. Christianson, Carsten Gruening, Hiroki Ikawa, Christine Moureaux, Paul V. Bolstad, Lukas Hörtnagl, Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia, W.W.P. Jans, Alan G. Barr, Sebastian Wolf, Marc Aubinet, Christof Ammann, Penélope Serrano-Ortiz, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Shicheng Jiang, Han Dolman, Iris Feigenwinter, Junhui Zhang, A. Ribeca, Ana López-Ballesteros, Johannes Lüers, Chad Hanson, Hank A. Margolis, Nicolas Delpierre, Onil Bergeron, Mauro Cavagna, Jiří Dušek, Benjamin Loubet, Jason Brodeur, M. Altaf Arain, Kimberly A. Novick, Dalibor Janouš, Anne De Ligne, Marty Humphrey, Christian Wille, Daniel Berveiller, Changliang Shao, Pauline Buysse, Kenneth J. Davis, Annalea Lohila, Deb Agarwal, Ian McHugh, Ray Leuning, Anne Griebel, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Russell L. Scott, Russell K. Monson, Christian Brümmer, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Brian D. Amiro, Andrew E. Suyker, Naama Raz-Yaseef, Timo Vesala, David R. Cook, William Woodgate, Rasmus Fensholt, Uta Moderow, Richard P. Phillips, Stefan K. Arndt, Xingguo Han, Jason Beringer, Riccardo Valentini, Robert M. Stevens, Luca Belelli Marchesini, Shirley A. Papuga, Gianluca Filippa, Roser Matamala, John M. Frank, Peter Isaac, Werner L. Kutsch, Paul Di Tommasi, Yuelin Li, Andrej Varlagin, Ladislav Šigut, Francisco Domingo, E. Beamesderfer, Edoardo Cremonese, Eddy Moors, Joseph Verfaillie, Huimin Wang, Jiquan Chen, M. Goeckede, Craig Macfarlane, Enrique P. Sánchez-Cañete, Harry McCaughey, Tomomichi Kato, Dario Papale, Jean Marc Ourcival, Birger Ulf Hansen, Pierre Cellier, Bev Law, Derek Eamus, Carole Coursolle, Myroslava Khomik, Wayne S. Meyer, Taro Nakai, Mikhail Mastepanov, Nina Hinko-Najera, Peter Cale, Donatella Spano, Beniamino Gioli, Gang Dong, David R. Bowling, Sabina Dore, Shiping Chen, Isaac Chini, Jeffrey P. Walker, Eric Dufrêne, Sebastian Westermann, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marryanna Lion, Barbara Marcolla, Marius Schmidt, Serge Rambal, Víctor Resco de Dios, Jean Marc Bonnefond, Ivan Mammarella, Hatim Abdalla M. ElKhidir, Ko van Huissteden, Suzanne M. Prober, Gil Bohrer, Markus Reichstein, Heiko Prasse, Nigel J. Tapper, Corinna Rebmann, J. Kurbatova, Abdelrahman Elbashandy, J. William Munger, Catharine van Ingen, Humberto Ribeiro da Rocha, Andreas Ibrom, Sean P. Burns, Simone Sabbatini, Marilyn Roland, Zoran Nesic, Tuomas Laurila, Giacomo Nicolini, Bruno De Cinti, Jaclyn Hatala Matthes, Georgia R. Koerber, Yoshiko Kosugi, Efrén López-Blanco, Cove Sturtevant, Matthew Northwood, Ettore D'Andrea, Torsten Sachs, Housen Chu, Matthias Peichl, Nicolas Vuichard, Alexander Knohl, Steven C. Wofsy, Michael L. Goulden, Vincenzo Magliulo, Antje Lucas-Moffat, Peter D. Blanken, Donatella Zona, Allison L. Dunn, Yanhong Tang, Marta Galvagno, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Jonas Ardö, Torbern Tagesson, Frederik Schrader, Ignacio Goded, Costantino Sirca, Shijie Han, Markus Hehn, Allen H. Goldstein, Bernard Heinesch, Christian Bernhofer, Yongtao He, Brent E. Ewers, Adam J. Liska, Michele Tomassucci, Virginie Moreaux, Denis Loustau, Agnès de Grandcourt, Tilden P. Meyers, Roberto Zampedri, Alessio Collalti, Sara H. Knox, Ayumi Kotani, Anatoly A. Gitelson, Andrew S. Kowalski, Walter C. Oechel, Lutz Merbold, Daniela Famulari, Pavel Sedlák, Asko Noormets, Juha Pekka Tuovinen, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Bert Gielen, Ivan Schroder, Earth Sciences, Earth and Climate, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Data descriptor, Statistics and Probability, Code development, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pipeline (computing), Science, 0207 environmental engineering, Eddy covariance, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, 02 engineering and technology, Library and Information Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Education, ddc:550, 020701 environmental engineering, Author Correction, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Information retrieval, Published Erratum, Substitution (logic), Statistics, Carbon cycle, Computer Science Applications, Environmental sciences, Earth sciences, Probability and Uncertainty, ddc:500, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Climate sciences, Downscaling, Information Systems
Abstract

The following authors were omitted from the original version of this Data Descriptor: Markus Reichstein and Nicolas Vuichard. Both contributed to the code development and N. Vuichard contributed to the processing of the ERA-Interim data downscaling. Furthermore, the contribution of the co-author Frank Tiedemann was re-evaluated relative to the colleague Corinna Rebmann, both working at the same sites, and based on this re-evaluation a substitution in the co-author list is implemented (with Rebmann replacing Tiedemann). Finally, two affiliations were listed incorrectly and are corrected here (entries 190 and 193). The author list and affiliations have been amended to address these omissions in both the HTML and PDF versions. © 2021, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply.

Published
2021
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7. Micronutrient availability in amazonian dark earths and adjacent soils

Author

Aleksander Westphal Muniz, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, Rodrigo F. Segalla, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, José Nivaldo de Oliveira Sátiro, Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão, Myrtle P. Shock, Luís Cunha, Wilian C. Demetrio, Eloá Moura Araújo, Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi, Helena Pinto Lima, G. C. Martins, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Lilian Rebellato, George G. Brown, Paulo Sérgio Taube, Eduardo Góes Neves, and Peter Kille

Subjects
Soil depth, Amazonian, Soil Science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil type, Micronutrient, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, Nutrient, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Terra preta, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are highly fertile soils in areas with predominance of unfertile soils. However, the variation in nutrient availability between regions and the resilience of ADEs to modern agricultural use is still little known, particularly regarding micronutrient contents. Hence, the present study synthesized current information of ADE impacts on extractable micronutrient (Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn, Zn, B) contents at different soil depths and assessed in detail the role of both soil depth and land-use type on extractable Cu, Ni, Fe, Mn and Zn in nine ADEs and adjacent (ADJ) soils from different Amazonian regions. The land-use systems chosen were secondary old (OF) or young (YF) forests, and agricultural systems (AS) in Iranduba, Belterra and Porto Velho. Only eight studies compared extractable (Mehlich-1) micronutrient contents at 21 sites with ADEs and ADJ soils, but only four studies included depths greater than 30 cm, and B and Ni were evaluated in only one study. Higher Mn and Zn, but lower Fe contents were found in ADEs both from literature data and in the present study, especially in the first 30 cm depth. Increases in extractable Ni and Cu in ADEs varied according to the site and the land use considered. Micronutrient contents tended to decrease with depth, but varied depending on the element, site, soil type and land use. Sites with modern agriculture showed few differences in extractable micronutrient contents, except for a decrease in Fe in Belterra and Mn in Porto Velho. Considering the high amounts of some micro- and macronutrients in ADEs further work is warranted concerning soil management and nutrient balance in plants grown on these soils.

Published
2021
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8. Spectral analysis of amazon canopy phenology during the dry season using a tower hyperspectral camera and modis observations

Author

Yhasmin Mendes de Moura, Carolyne Bueno Machado, Scott R. Saleska, T. Hilker, N. Prohaska, Cibele Hummel do Amaral, Aline Pontes Lopes, Kenia K. Wiedeman, Lênio Soares Galvão, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Bruce Walker Nelson, and Jin Wu

Subjects
Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hyperspectral remote sensing, Dry season, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, medicine, Computers in Earth Sciences, Leaf area index, Amazon, Engineering (miscellaneous), 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Phenology, Leaf flush, Seasonality, Enhanced vegetation index, medicine.disease, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computer Science Applications, Environmental science, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Tropical species
Abstract

The association between spectral reflectance and canopy processes remains challenging for quantifying large-scale canopy phenological cycles in tropical forests. In this study, we used a tower-mounted hyperspectral camera in an eastern Amazon forest to assess how canopy spectral signals of three species are linked with phenological processes in the 2012 dry season. We explored different approaches to disentangle the spectral components of canopy phenology processes and analyze their variations over time using 17 images acquired by the camera. The methods included linear spectral mixture analysis (SMA); principal component analysis (PCA); continuum removal (CR); and first-order derivative analysis. In addition, three vegetation indices potentially sensitive to leaf flushing, leaf loss and leaf area index (LAI) were calculated: the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the entitled Green-Red Normalized Difference (GRND) index. We inspected also the consistency of the camera observations using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and available phenological data on new leaf production and LAI of young, mature and old leaves simulated by a leaf demography-ontogeny model. The results showed a diversity of phenological responses during the 2012 dry season with related changes in canopy structure and greenness values. Because of the differences in timing and intensity of leaf flushing and leaf shedding, Erisma uncinatum, Manilkara huberi and Chamaecrista xinguensis presented different green vegetation (GV) and non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) SMA fractions; distinct PCA scores; changes in depth, width and area of the 681-nm chlorophyll absorption band; and variations over time in the EVI, GRND and NDVI. At the end of dry season, GV increased for Erisma uncinatum, while NPV increased for Chamaecrista xinguensis. For Manilkara huberi, the NPV first increased in the beginning of August and then decreased toward September with new foliage. Variations in red-edge position were not statistically significant between the species and across dates at the 95% confidence level. The camera data were affected by view-illumination effects, which reduced the SMA shade fraction over time. When MODIS data were corrected for these effects using the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction Algorithm (MAIAC), we observed an EVI increase toward September that closely tracked the modeled LAI of mature leaves (3–5 months). Compared to the EVI, the GRND was a better indicator of leaf flushing because the modeled production of new leaves peaked in August and then declined in September following the GRND closely. While the EVI was more related to changes in mature leaf area, the GRND was more associated with new leaf flushing.

Published
2017
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9. Vegetation chlorophyll estimates in the Amazon from multi-angle MODIS observations and canopy reflectance model

Author

Edgard Siza Tribuzy, João Vitor Barbosa Ceron, N. Prohaska, Alexei Lyapustin, Thomas Hilker, Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos Santos, José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Yhasmin Mendes de Moura, João Victor Figueiredo Cardoso Rodrigues, Loren P. Albert, Lênio Soares Galvão, Jin Wu, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Yujie Wang, Maquelle Neves Garcia, Scott R. Saleska, Marciel José Ferreira, Cibele Hummel do Amaral, and Liana O. Anderson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Eddy covariance, Hyperspectral imaging, Vegetation, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geography, chemistry, Photosynthetically active radiation, Chlorophyll, Dry season, medicine, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Computers in Earth Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing
Abstract

As a preparatory study for future hyperspectral missions that can measure canopy chemistry, we introduce a novel approach to investigate whether multi-angle Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data can be used to generate a preliminary database with long-term estimates of chlorophyll. MODIS monthly chlorophyll estimates between 2000 and 2015, derived from a fully coupled canopy reflectance model (ProSAIL), were inspected for consistency with eddy covariance fluxes, tower-based hyperspectral images and chlorophyll measurements. MODIS chlorophyll estimates from the inverse model showed strong seasonal variations across two flux-tower sites in central and eastern Amazon. Marked increases in chlorophyll concentrations were observed during the early dry season. Remotely sensed chlorophyll concentrations were correlated to field measurements (r2 = 0.73 and r2 = 0.98) but the data deviated from the 1:1 line with root mean square errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.355 μg cm−2 (Tapajos tower) to 0.470 μg cm−2 (Manaus tower). The chlorophyll estimates were consistent with flux tower measurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). We also applied ProSAIL to mono-angle hyperspectral observations from a camera installed on a tower to scale modeled chlorophyll pigments to MODIS observations (r2 = 0.73). Chlorophyll pigment concentrations (ChlA+B) were correlated to changes in the amount of young and mature leaf area per month (0.59 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.64). Increases in MODIS observed ChlA+B were preceded by increased PAR during the dry season (0.61 ≤ r2 ≤ 0.62) and followed by changes in net carbon uptake. We conclude that, at these two sites, changes in LAI, coupled with changes in leaf chlorophyll, are comparable with seasonality of plant productivity. Our results allowed the preliminary development of a 15-year time series of chlorophyll estimates over the Amazon to support canopy chemistry studies using future hyperspectral sensors.

Published
2017
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10. Anthropogenic Soils Promote Biodiversity in Amazonian Rainforests

Author

Charles R. Clement, G. C. Martins, Helena Pinto Lima, Antonio Carlos Vargas Motta, H. Nadolny, Agno Nonato Serrão Acioli, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Vander de Freitas Melo, André F. Mota, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, Doyle McKey, Anne Zangerlé, Elodie da Silva, Wilian C. Demetrio, Pablo Vidal Torrado, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Alexandre Casadei Ferreira, Elena Velasquez, Leda S. Chubatsu, Lilianne S. Maia, Lilian Rebellato, Peter Kille, David W. G. Stanton, Marilice Cordeiro Garrastazu, Luís Cunha, Rodrigo M. Feitosa, Claudia Maria Branco de Freitas Maia, George G. Brown, Myrtle P. Shock, Jefferson Dieckow, Alessandra Santos, Thibaud Decaëns, Eduardo Góes Neves, Talita Ferreira, Rafaella Barbosa, Sandra Celia Tapia-Coral, T. A. C. Silva, Ana C. Conrado, Clara P. Peña-Venegas, Samuel W. James, Aleksander Westphal Muniz, Amarildo Pasini, Patrick Lavelle, R. S. Macedo, Rodrigo F. Segalla, and Paulo S. Taube Júnior

Subjects
Biomass (ecology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Amazonian, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ecosystem, Species richness, Wilderness, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

Amazonian rainforests once thought to hold an innate pristine wilderness, are increasingly known to have been densely inhabited by populations showing a diverse and complex cultural background prior to European arrival. To what extent these societies impacted their landscape is unclear. Amazonian Dark Earths (ADEs) are fertile soils found throughout the Amazon Basin, created by pre-Columbian societies as a result of more sedentary habits. Much is known of the chemistry of these soils, yet their zoology, have been neglected. Hence, we characterised soil macroinvertebrate communities and activity in these soils at nine archaeological sites in three Amazonian regions. We found 667 morphospecies and a tenacious pre-Columbian footprint, with 43% of species found exclusively in ADEs. The soil biological activity is higher in the ADEs when compared to adjacent reference soils, and it is associated with higher biomass and richness of organisms known to engineer the ecosystem. We show that these habits have a unique pool of species, however, the contemporary land-use in ADEs drives nutrient decay and threats biodiversity. These findings support the idea that Humans have built and sustained a contrasting high fertile system that persisted until our days and irreversibly altered the biodiversity patterns in Amazonia.

Published
2019
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11. Natural variation of arsenic fractions in soils of the Brazilian Amazon

Author

Martin R. Broadley, Ediu Carlos da Silva Júnior, Michele Duarte de Menezes, Guilherme Carpena Lopes, Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Wadt, Marcelino Carneiro Guedes, Gabriel Caixeta Martins, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, K. D. Batista, Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de Lima, Scott D. Young, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, André Rodrigues dos Reis, Kátia Emídio da Silva, Federal University of Lavras, Vale Institute of Technology, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and University of Nottingham

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Carcinogenic, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Arsenic, Baseline, Soil pH, Environmental Chemistry, Organic matter, Waste Management and Disposal, Amazon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Topsoil, Amazon rainforest, Extractable As, Pollution, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Environmental science, Soil horizon, Prevention level, Groundwater
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Arsenic (As) in native soils of the Amazon rainforest is a concern due to its likely origin from the Andean rivers, which transport loads of sediments containing substantial amounts of trace elements coming from the cordilleras. Yet, unveiling soil As baseline concentrations in the Amazon basin is still a need because most studies in Brazil have been performed in areas with predominantly high concentrations and cannot express a real baseline value for the region. In this study, 414 soil samples (0–20, 20–40 and 40–60 cm layers) were collected from different sites throughout the Amazon basin - including native Amazon rainforest and minimally disturbed areas - and used to determine total and extractable (soluble + available) As concentrations along with relevant soil physicochemical properties. Descriptive statistics of the data was performed and Pearson correlation supported by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) provided an improved understanding of where and how As concentrations are influenced by soil attributes. Total As concentration ranged from 0.98 to 41.71 mg kg−1 with values usually increasing from the topsoil (0–20 cm) to the deepest layer (40–60 cm) in all sites studied. Considering the proportional contribution given by each fraction (soluble and available) on extractable As concentration, it is noticeable that KH2PO4-extractable As represents the most important fraction, with >70% of the As extracted on average in all the sites studied. Still, the extractable fractions (soluble + available) correspond to ~0.24% of the total As, on average. Total, available, and soluble As fractions were strongly and positively correlated with soil Al3+. The PCA indicated that soil pH in combination with CEC might be the key factors controlling soil As concentrations and the occurrence of each arsenic fraction in the soil layers. Department of Soil Science Federal University of Lavras Vale Institute of Technology Embrapa Rondônia Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental Embrapa Roraima Embrapa Amapá Embrapa Amazônia Oriental São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering, Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780 School of Biosciences University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences and Engineering, Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780

Published
2018

12. Age-dependent leaf physiology and consequences for crown-scale carbon uptake during the dry season in an Amazon evergreen forest

Author

Marielle N. Smith, N. Prohaska, Rafael S. Oliveira, Deliane Penha, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Sabrina Garcia, Scott R. Saleska, Giordane Martins, Edgard Siza Tribuzy, Scott C. Stark, Loren P. Albert, Jin Wu, Travis E. Huxman, Natalia Restrepo-Coupe, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, and Valeriy Y. Ivanov

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Chlorophyll, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Plant Science, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Dry season, Photosynthesis, Broad-leaved Forest, Phenology, Crown (botany), food and beverages, Plant Stoma, Evergreen forest, Gas, Ontogeny, Gases, Seasons, Brazil, Stomatal conductance, Demographic Survey, Time Factor, Stomatal Conductance, Plant Biology & Botany, Dry Season, Biology, Age, Amazonia, Tropical Forest, Nia, Forest, Plant Leaf, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drought, Brasil, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, Photosynthetic capacity, Carbon, Plant Leaves, Leaf, Metabolism, Plant Stomata, Season, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Satellite and tower-based metrics of forest-scale photosynthesis generally increase with dry season progression across central Amazônia, but the underlying mechanisms lack consensus. We conducted demographic surveys of leaf age composition, and measured the age dependence of leaf physiology in broadleaf canopy trees of abundant species at a central eastern Amazon site. Using a novel leaf-to-branch scaling approach, we used these data to independently test the much-debated hypothesis – arising from satellite and tower-based observations – that leaf phenology could explain the forest-scale pattern of dry season photosynthesis. Stomatal conductance and biochemical parameters of photosynthesis were higher for recently mature leaves than for old leaves. Most branches had multiple leaf age categories simultaneously present, and the number of recently mature leaves increased as the dry season progressed because old leaves were exchanged for new leaves. These findings provide the first direct field evidence that branch-scale photosynthetic capacity increases during the dry season, with a magnitude consistent with increases in ecosystem-scale photosynthetic capacity derived from flux towers. Interactions between leaf age-dependent physiology and shifting leaf age-demographic composition are sufficient to explain the dry season photosynthetic capacity pattern at this site, and should be considered in vegetation models of tropical evergreen forests. © 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust

Published
2018

13. Developing Cost-Effective Field Assessments of Carbon Stocks in Human-Modified Tropical Forests

Author

Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Toby A. Gardner, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Jos Barlow, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Erika Berenguer, Joice Ferreira, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Mariana Regina Durigan, Erika Berenguer, Lancaster University, Toby A. Gardner, Stockholm Environment Institute / International Institute for Sustainability, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, University of Exeter / INPE, Plínio B. Camargo, CENA/USP, Carlos E. Cerri, ESALQ/USP, Mariana Durigan, ESALQ/USP, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, Ima C. G. Vieira, MPEG, and Jos Barlow, Lancaster University / MPEG.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Statistics as Topic, lcsh:Medicine, Forests, Carbon sequestration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Deforestation, Tropical climate, Humans, Human Activities, lcsh:Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, Plant Stems, Estoque de carbono, Carbon finance, Agroforestry, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Floresta Tropical, lcsh:R, Sampling (statistics), Tropics, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Wood, Carbon, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Research Article
Abstract

Across the tropics, there is a growing financial investment in activities that aim to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, such as REDD+. However, most tropical countries lack on-the-ground capacity to conduct reliable and replicable assessments of forest carbon stocks, undermining their ability to secure long-term carbon finance for forest conservation programs. Clear guidance on how to reduce the monetary and time costs of field assessments of forest carbon can help tropical countries to overcome this capacity gap. Here we provide such guidance for cost-effective one-off field assessments of forest carbon stocks. We sampled a total of eight components from four different carbon pools (i.e. aboveground, dead wood, litter and soil) in 224 study plots distributed across two regions of eastern Amazon. For each component we estimated survey costs, contribution to total forest carbon stocks and sensitivity to disturbance. Sampling costs varied thirty-one-fold between the most expensive component, soil, and the least, leaf litter. Large live stems (≥10 cm DBH), which represented only 15% of the overall sampling costs, was by far the most important component to be assessed, as it stores the largest amount of carbon and is highly sensitive to disturbance. If large stems are not taxonomically identified, costs can be reduced by a further 51%, while incurring an error in aboveground carbon estimates of only 5% in primary forests, but 31% in secondary forests. For rapid assessments, necessary to help prioritize locations for carbon- conservation activities, sampling of stems ≥20cm DBH without taxonomic identification can predict with confidence (R2 = 0.85) whether an area is relatively carbon-rich or carbon-poor—an approach that is 74% cheaper than sampling and identifying all the stems ≥10cm DBH. We use these results to evaluate the reliability of forest carbon stock estimates provided by the IPCC and FAO when applied to human-modified forests, and to highlight areas where cost savings in carbon stock assessments could be most easily made.

Published
2015

14. Respostas da matéria orgânica do solo à antropogênese Perturbação da Floresta e Mudança no Uso da Terra no Amazônia Oriental Brasileira

Author

Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, Diana Signor, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, Mariana Regina Durigan, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Jos Barlow, Joice Ferreira, Erika Berenguer, Toby A. Gardner, MARIANA REGINA DURIGAN, ESALQ/USP, CARLOS EDUARDO PELLEGRINO CERRI, ESALQ/USP., MAURÍCIO ROBERTO CHERUBIN, CENA/USP, PLÍNIO BARBOSA DE CAMARGO, CENA/USP, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, ERIKA BERENGUER, Lancaster University / University of Oxford, TOBY ALAN GARDNER, International Institute for Sustainability / Stockholm Environment Institute, JOS BARLOW, Lancaster University / MPEG, CARLOS TADEU DOS SANTOS DIAS, ESALQ/USP, DIANA SIGNOR DEON, CPATSA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, Mariana Regina Durigan, ESALQ/USP, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, CENA/USP, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, CENA/USP, Erika Berenguer, Lancaster University / University of Oxford, Toby Alan Gardner, International Institute for Sustainability / Stockholm Environment Institute, Jos Barlow, Lancaster University / MPEG, Carlos Tadeu dos Santos Dias, ESALQ/USP, and Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, ESALQ/USP.

Subjects
Mitigação, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:TJ807-830, Geography, Planning and Development, Sustainable forest management, Mudança Climática, 01 natural sciences, Floresta Tropical, Soil carbon, Land use, land-use change and forestry, soil carbon, SOM physical fractions, lcsh:Environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, tropical forests, Amazon rainforest, Agroforestry, lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants, Floresta, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, pasture, Cropland, Efeito Estufa, lcsh:Renewable energy sources, stable isotopes, cropland, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Manejo de solo, Pastagem, CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ], Solo, Carbono, Sequestro de carbono, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Land use, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Soil organic matter, Matéria orgânica, 15. Life on land, lcsh:TD194-195, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Uso do solo
Abstract

A perturbação florestal antropogênica e a mudança no uso da terra(LUC) na região amazônica são principal fonte de emissões de gases de efeito estufa para a atmosfera no Brasil, devido ao carbono (C)e nitrogênio (N) emitido da limpeza da vegetação. Conversão de uso da terra associada à gestão práticas desempenham um papel fundamental na distribuição e origem de C em diferentes matérias orgânicas do solo (MOS)frações. Aqui, mostramos como a mudança nos sistemas de uso da terra tem influenciado os estoques de C e N do solo,Frações físicas da OMS e a origem da MOS na região de Santarém, no leste brasileiro Amazônia Os estoques de solo C e N foram calculados para a camada superficial de 0 a 30 cm. Antropogênico distúrbios na floresta em pé, como a extração seletiva de madeira e os incêndios florestais, levaram a declínios significativos em estoques de C e N no solo. No entanto, a longo prazo, a conversão da floresta amazônica para pastagem não teve um efeito perceptível nos estoques de C e N do solo, presumivelmente por causa de de pastagens. No entanto, a conversão para terras de cultivo levou a reduções no solo C e N conteúdo. De acordo com o fracionamento físico da MOS, a LUC alterou a qualidade da MOS, mas silte e argila permaneceu a fração combinada que mais contribuiu para o armazenamento de solo C. Nossos resultados enfatizam a importância de implementar sistemas de manejo florestal mais sustentáveis, ao mesmo mais atenção à necessidade de sistemas de monitoramento de incêndio, ajudando a assegurar a resiliência de C e Estoque e seqüestro de N em solos florestais; contribuindo assim para a necessidade urgente de esforços para mitigar a mudança climática. Anthropogenic forest disturbance and land use change (LUC) in the Amazon region is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere in Brazil, due to the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) emitted from vegetation clearance. Land use conversion associated with management practices plays a key role in the distribution and origin of C in different soil organic matter (SOM) fractions. Here, we show how changing land use systems have influenced soil C and N stocks, SOM physical fractions, and the origin of SOM in the Santarém region of the eastern Brazilian Amazon. Soil C and N stocks were calculated for the surface layer of 0–30 cm. Anthropogenic disturbances to the standing forest, such as selective logging and wildfires, led to significant declines in soil C and N stocks. However, in the long-term, the conversion of the Amazon forest to pasture did not have a noticeable effect on soil C and N stocks, presumably because of additional inputs from pasture grasses. However, the conversion to cropland did lead to reductions in soil C and N content. According to the physical fractionation of SOM, LUC altered SOM quality, but silt and clay remained the combined fraction that contributed the most to soil C storage. Our results emphasize the importance of implementing more sustainable forest management systems, whilst also calling further attention to the need for fire monitoring systems, helping to ensure the resilience of C and N stocks and sequestration in forest soils; thereby contributing towards urgently needed ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change.

Published
2017
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15. Size and frequency of natural forest disturbances and the Amazon forest carbon balance

Author

Steve Frolking, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Doreen S. Boyd, Fernando Del Bon Espírito-Santo, Manuel Gloor, Ted R. Feldpausch, Bruce Walker Nelson, Michael Keller, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Sassan Saatchi, Valdete Duarte, Yosio Edemir Shimabukuro, Michael W. Palace, Timothy R. Baker, Cleuton Pereira, Gregory P. Asner, Roel J. W. Brienen, Oliver L. Phillips, Jon Lloyd, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Yadvinder Malhi, FERNANDO D. B. ESPÍRITO-SANTO, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MANUEL GLOOR, School of Geography, University of Leeds, MICHAEL KELLER, USDA Forest Service / University of New Hampshire / CNPM, YADVINDER MALHI, University of Oxford, SASSAN SAATCHI, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, BRUCE NELSON, INPA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, CLEUTON PEREIRA, JON LLOYD, University of Leeds / James Cook University, STEVE FROLKING, University of New Hampshire, MICHAEL PALACE, University of New Hampshire, YOSIO E. SHIMABUKURO, INPE, VALDETE DUARTE, INPE, ABEL MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA, Jardin Botanico de Missouri, GABRIELA LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ, University of Leeds, TIM R. BAKER, University of Leeds, TED R. FELDPAUSCH, University of Leeds, ROEL J. W. BRIENEN, University of Leeds, GREGORY P. ASNER, Carnegie Institution for Science, DOREEN S. BOYD, University of Nottingham, University Park, OLIVER L. PHILLIPS, University of Leeds., Fernando D. B. Espírito-Santo, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Manuel Gloor, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Michael Keller, USDA Forest Service / University of New Hampshire / CNPM, Yadvinder Malhi, University of Oxford, Sassan Saatchi, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Bruce Nelson, INPA, Cleuton Pereira, Jon Lloyd, University of Leeds / James Cook University, Steve Frolking, University of New Hampshire, Michael Palace, University of New Hampshire, Yosio E. Shimabukuro, INPE, Valdete Duarte, INPE, Abel Monteagudo Mendoza, Jardin Botanico de Missouri, Gabriela López-González, University of Leeds, Tim R. Baker, University of Leeds, Ted R. Feldpausch, University of Leeds, Roel J. W. Brienen, University of Leeds, Gregory P. Asner, Carnegie Institution for Science, Doreen S. Boyd, University of Nottingham, University Park, and Oliver L. Phillips, University of Leeds.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Ciência da Terra, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Amazonia, Forest ecology, Carbono, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Forest inventory, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Carbon sink, Floresta, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Corrigenda, Carbon, Lidar, Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, Secondary forest, Environmental science, Clima
Abstract

Forest inventory studies in the Amazon indicate a large terrestrial carbon sink. However, field plots may fail to represent forest mortality processes at landscape-scales of tropical forests. Here we characterize the frequency distribution of disturbance events in natural forests from 0.01 ha to 2,651 ha size throughout Amazonia using a novel combination of forest inventory, airborne lidar and satellite remote sensing data. We find that small-scale mortality events are responsible for aboveground biomass losses of ~1.7 Pg C y−1 over the entire Amazon region. We also find that intermediate-scale disturbances account for losses of ~0.2 Pg C y−1, and that the largest-scale disturbances as a result of blow-downs only account for losses of ~0.004 Pg C y−1. Simulation of growth and mortality indicates that even when all carbon losses from intermediate and large-scale disturbances are considered, these are outweighed by the net biomass accumulation by tree growth, supporting the inference of an Amazon carbon sink., The world’s tropical forests represent a terrestrial carbon sink, yet its size is uncertain. Espírito-Santo et al. characterize full Amazon disturbances combining forest inventories and remote sensing data, and use statistical modelling to quantify the Amazon aboveground forest carbon balance.

Published
2014
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16. A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Author

Alexandre Camargo Coutinho, Phil Kaufmann, Thiago Moreira Cardoso, Emilie Coudel, Vívian Campos de Oliveira, Adriano Venturieri, Carla Daniele Furtado da Costa, Paulo Santos Pompeu, Troy Patrick Beldini, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Jansen Zuanon, Sébastien Marchand, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Ana Carolina Fiorini, Danielle L. Braga, Alexander C. Lees, Ederson da Conceição Jesus, Victor H. F. Oliveira, Déborah Reis de Carvalho, José Benito Guerrero, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello, Patricia Carignano Torres, Maria de Fátima Lopes Almeida, Nicola Savério Holanda Tancredi, Erika Berenguer, Williams Souza de Ávila, Rodrigo Fagundes Braga, Carlos Souza Junior, Robert M. Hughes, Dênis Antônio da Cunha, Amanda Cardoso Nunes Cordeiro, Felipe Rossetti, Fernando A. Schmidt, Fabiane Campos dos Santos, Alexandre Aleixo, Cecilia Fadigas Viana, Mateus Batistella, Reinaldo Lourival, Danilo Carmago Igliori, Joelma Dezincourt, João V. Siqueira, Joice Ferreira, Alessandra dos Santos Gomes, Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva, Juliana M. Silveira, Ruan Carlo Stulpen Veiga, Fábio S. Frazão, Mariana Regina Durigan, Julio Louzada, Márcia Motta Maués, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Álvaro de Oliveira D'Antona, Regina Célia Viana Martins da Silva, Leandro Juen, Karina Dias-Silva, Ivanei S. Araujo, Ronald Zanetti, Sâmia Nunes, Vanesca Korasaki, Christian B. Andretti, Rafael P. Leitão, Rodrigo Anzolin Begotti, Júlio César Dalla Mora Esquerdo, Cecília Gontijo Leal, José Gustavo Féres, Toby A. Gardner, Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Luke Parry, Jos Barlow, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino Cerri, Ralph Charles Mac Nally, Thiago Fonseca Morello Ramalho da Silva, Ricardo Abramovay, Janaina Gomes de Brito, Miércio Júnior, James Robertson Thomson, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira Junior, Amanda Estefânia de Melo Ferreira, Francisco de Assis Costa, Natália Lima, Heloisa Correia Pereira, Ricardo R. C. Solar, Carla R. Ribas, Teotonio Soares de Carvalho, Diana Weinhold, Nárgila G. Moura, Sergio Castelani, Richard D. Bardgett, Karoline da Silva Gonçalves, Neusa Hamada, Júlio C M Chaul, Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira, José Max Barbosa de Oliveira Junior, Carla Morsello, Renata Pardini, Jorge Luiz Nessimian, Rachel Garrett, Driss Ezzine de Blas, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Programa de Pos Graduasçao Cienca ambiental (PROCAM), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Lab Ecol Isotop, CENA USP, Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Instituto de Pesquisa Económica Aplicada (IPEA), Programa de Pos-graduacao em Zoologia, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), Universidade Federal de Lavras = Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Federal University of Western Para, Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), Coordenacao Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], and Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Economics, Tropical Environment, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Land-use Change, Trade-off, 010501 environmental sciences, Procedures, Corrections, 01 natural sciences, Tropic Climate, Réseau de recherche, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, Multidisciplinary approach, 11. Sustainability, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Human Activities, Conservation Of Natural Resources, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Utilisation des terres, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Environnement socioéconomique, Environmental resource management, 1. No poverty, Cost-benefit Analysis, Forestry, Biodiversity, Articles, Sustainable Development, Sol tropical, Variety (cybernetics), Environmental Policy, E11 - Économie et politique foncières, Policy, Geography, Sustainability, Research Design, jel:Q15, Social Planning, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Brazil, Zone tropicale, Human, Interdisciplinary Approach, Conservation of Natural Resources, Amazonas, 010603 evolutionary biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 12. Responsible consumption, 03 medical and health sciences, Tropical Forest, Humans, Environmental Planning, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Sustainable development, Tropical Climate, Land use, business.industry, Brasil, Impact sur l'environnement, Methodology, Ecological assessment, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, interdisciplinary research, land use, social-ecological systems, sustainability, trade-offs, tropical forests, Socioeconomic Conditions, Socioeconomic Factors, Développement durable, Socioeconomics, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, HD100 Land Use, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Environmental Protection
Abstract

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network ( Rede Amazônia Sustentável , RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.

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17. Anthropogenic disturbance in tropical forests can double biodiversity loss from deforestation

Author

Juliana M. Silveira, Victor H. F. Oliveira, Joice Ferreira, Renata Pardini, Raimundo Cosme de Oliveira, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello, Silvio Frosini de Barros Ferraz, Sâmia Nunes, Rodrigo Fagundes Braga, Erika Berenguer, Ricardo R. C. Solar, Adriano Venturieri, João V. Siqueira, Thiago Moreira Cardoso, Carlos Souza, Toby A. Gardner, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Rodrigo Anzolin Begotti, Gareth D. Lennox, James Robertson Thomson, Julio Louzada, Nárgila G. Moura, Jos Barlow, Luke Parry, Ruan Carlo Stulpen Veiga, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Alexander C. Lees, and Ralph Charles Mac Nally

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Forest management, Forests, Anthropogenic, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Fires, Forest restoration, Birds, Deforestation, Forest ecology, Animals, Human Activities, Intact forest landscape, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Tropical Climate, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, ECOLOGIA DA PAISAGEM, Agroforestry, Forestry, Disturbance, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Plants, Old-growth forest, Coleoptera, Secondary forest, Conservation biology, Brazil
Abstract

© 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. Concerted political attention has focused on reducing deforestation, and this remains the cornerstone of most biodiversity conservation strategies. However, maintaining forest cover may not reduce anthropogenic forest disturbances, which are rarely considered in conservation programmes. These disturbances occur both within forests, including selective logging and wildfires, and at the landscape level, through edge, area and isolation effects. Until now, the combined effect of anthropogenic disturbance on the conservation value of remnant primary forests has remained unknown, making it impossible to assess the relative importance of forest disturbance and forest loss. Here we address these knowledge gaps using a large data set of plants, birds and dung beetles (1,538, 460 and 156 species, respectively) sampled in 36 catchments in the Brazilian state of Pará. Catchments retaining more than 69-80% forest cover lost more conservation value from disturbance than from forest loss. For example, a 20% loss of primary forest, the maximum level of deforestation allowed on Amazonian properties under Brazil's Forest Code, resulted in a 39-54% loss of conservation value: 96-171% more than expected without considering disturbance effects. We extrapolated the disturbance-mediated loss of conservation value throughout Pará, which covers 25% of the Brazilian Amazon. Although disturbed forests retained considerable conservation value compared with deforested areas, the toll of disturbance outside Pará's strictly protected areas is equivalent to the loss of 92,000-139,000 km2 of primary forest. Even this lowest estimate is greater than the area deforested across the entire Brazilian Amazon between 2006 and 2015 (ref. 10). Species distribution models showed that both landscape and within-forest disturbances contributed to biodiversity loss, with the greatest negative effects on species of high conservation and functional value. These results demonstrate an urgent need for policy interventions that go beyond the maintenance of forest cover to safeguard the hyper-diversity of tropical forest ecosystems.

18. Production and Flux of Methane in the Tapajós National Forest

Author

Luciana V. Gatti, Thomas Röckmann, R. da Silva, R. C. de Oliveira Junior, A. T. Furtado Neto, J. M. S. de Moura, ALIRIO TENÓRIO FURTADO NETO, UFOPA, JOSÉ MAURO SOUSA DE MOURA, UFOPA, RODRIGO DA SILVA, UFOPA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, LUCIANA VANNI GATTI, INPE, and THOMAS RÖCKMANN, UNIVERSIDADE DE UTRECHT.

Subjects
ecossistema florestal, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, 0208 environmental biotechnology, methane emission, 02 engineering and technology, biogeochemical cycle, forest ecosystem, ciclo biogeoquímico, 01 natural sciences, Metano, emissão de metano, 020801 environmental engineering, Ecossistema, Air pollutants, Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Environmental chemistry, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Resumo O metano é o segundo gás de efeito estufa e sua concentração na atmosfera aumentou 259% desde 1750. A média global da fração molar de CH4 atingiu um novo recorde de 1813 ± 2 ppb em 2011. Este trabalho objetiva quantificar a concentração e fluxo de metano no perfil vertical da floresta primária tropical (Floresta Nacional do Tapajós), assim como, determinar a emissão de metano na interface solo-atmosfera durante o período chuvoso e de estiagem para o ano de 2012. Amostras de ar foram coletadas in situ diretamente do solo através do uso de câmaras estáticas e no perfil vertical da floresta em três alturas diferentes (2 m, 16 m e 36 m) e acima da copa (63 m) através do uso da torre micrometeorológica de 65 m. Posteriormente, as amostras de ar foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa. A concentração de metano na estratificação vertical da vegetação foi de 1,866 ± 0,038 ppm e o fluxo foi ~ 15,50 mg de CH4.m-2 d-1 e a emissão de metano no solo foi 0,45 ± 0,71 mg de CH4 m-2 d-1. Portanto, no período de estudo o ecossistema florestal de terra-firme atuou como fonte de CH4 para atmosfera. Abstract Methane is the second most powerful greenhouse gas and its concentration in the atmosphere has increased 259% since 1750. The overall average of the molar fraction of CH4 reached a new record of 1813 ± 2 ppb in 2011. This study aims to quantify the concentration and flux of methane in the vertical profile of a tropical primary forest (Tapajós National Forest), as well as to determine the emission of methane in the air-soil interface during the rainy season and the dry season for the year 2012. Air samples were collected at the air-soil, interface using static chambers and throughout the vertical profile of the forest at three different heights (2 m, 16 m, and 36 m) and at above the canopy (63 m) accessed by a 65 m micrometeorological tower. Subsequently, the air samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. The concentration of methane in the vertical stratification of the vegetation was 1.866 ± 0,038 ppm and the flux was ~ 15.50 mg de CH4.m-2 d-1 and the emission of methane the soil was 0.45 ± 0,71 mg CH4.m-2 d-1. Therefore, for the period of study, the ecosystem of upland forest acted as a source of CH4 to the atmosphere.

Published
2020

19. Reframing tropical savannization: linking changes in canopy structure to energy balance alterations that impact climate

Author

Darin J. Law, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, R. Cosme de Oliveira, Susan Aragón, Jose Mauro Sousa de Moura, Rodrigo Ferreira da Silva, Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Gabriel de Oliveira, José Luís Camargo, D. Minor, Scott C. Stark, Juan Camilo Villegas, Rafael L. Assis, Marielle N. Smith, Scott R. Saleska, Abigail L. S. Swann, David D. Breshears, SCOTT C. STARK, Michigan State University, DAVID D. BRESHEARS, University of Arizona, SUSAN ARAGÓN, INPA / UFOPA / PUCP, JUAN CAMILO VILLEGAS, University of Arizona / Universidad de Antioquia, DARIN J. LAW, University of Arizona, MARIELLE N. SMITH, Michigan State University, DAVID M. MINOR, Michigan State University / University of Maryland at College Park, RAFAEL LEANDRO DE ASSIS, INPA / University of Oslo, DANILO ROBERTI ALVES DE ALMEIDA, USP/ESALQ, GABRIEL DE OLIVEIRA, University of Toronto / INPE, SCOTT R. SALESKA, University of Arizona, ABIGAILL. S. SWANN, University of Washington, JOSÉ MAURO S. MOURA, UFOPA, JOSÉ LUIS CAMARGO, INPA, RODRIGO DA SILVA, Laboratório de Física e Química da Atmosfera, LUIZ E. O. C. ARAGÃO, INPE / University of Exeter, and RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Savanização, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vegetação, Energy balance, Climate change, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mudança Climática, Balanço energético, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Amazon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lidar, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Earth System Models, Cognitive reframing, 15. Life on land, forest transitions, energy balance, Lidar, climate change, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology, Transição florestal
Abstract

Tropical ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented rates of degradation from deforestation, fire, and drought disturbances. The collective effects of these disturbances threaten to shift large portions of tropical ecosystems such as Amazon forests into savanna like structure via tree loss, functional changes, and the emergence of fire (savannization). Changes from forest states to a more open savanna like structure can affect local microclimates, surface energy fluxes, and biosphere?atmosphere interactions. A predominant type of ecosystem state change is the loss of tree cover and structural complexity in disturbed forest. Although important advances have been made contrasting energy fluxes between historically distinct old growth forest and savanna systems, the emergence of secondary forests and savanna like ecosystems necessitates a reframing to consider gradients of tree structure that span forest to savanna like states at multiple scales. In this Innovative Viewpoint, we draw from the literature on forest?grassland continua to develop a framework to assess the consequences of tropical forest degradation on surface energy fluxes and canopy structure. We illustrate this framework for forest sites with contrasting canopy structure that ranges from simple, open, and savanna like to complex and closed, representative of tropical wet forest, within two climatically distinct regions in the Amazon. Using a recently developed rapid field assessment approach, we quantify differences in cover, leaf area vertical profiles, surface roughness, albedo, and energy balance partitioning between adjacent sites and compare canopy structure with adjacent old growth forest; more structurally simple forests displayed lower net radiation. To address forest?atmosphere feedback, we also consider the effects of canopy structure change on susceptibility to additional future disturbance. We illustrate a converse transition?recovery in structure following disturbance?measuring forest canopy structure 10 yr after the imposition of a drought in the ground breaking Seca Floresta experiment. Our approach strategically enables rapid characterization of surface properties relevant to vegetation models following degradation, and advances links between surface properties and canopy structure variables, increasingly available from remote sensing. Concluding, we hypothesize that understanding surface energy balance and microclimate change across degraded tropical forest states not only reveals critical atmospheric forcing, but also critical local scale feedbacks from forest sensitivity to additional climate linked disturbance. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-19T04:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ecs2.3231.pdf: 3963092 bytes, checksum: 329e8870eaaa97ac7d4cf9924dd44480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Published
2020

20. Structural Dynamics of Tropical Moist Forest Gaps

Author

Hunter, Maria O., Keller, Michael, Morton, Douglas C., Cook, Bruce Douglas, Lefsky, Michael Andrew, Ducey, Mark J., Saleska, Scott Reid, Oliveira, Raimundo Cosme de, Schietti, Juliana, Zang, Runguo, MARIA O. HUNTER, UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, MICHAEL KELLER, USDA/PESQUISADOR VISITANTE CNPM, DOUGLAS MORTON, NASA, BRUCE COOK, NASA, MICHAEL LEFSKY, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, MARK DUCEY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, SCOTT SALESKA, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, RAIMUNDO COSME DE OLIVEIRA JUNIOR, CPATU, and JULIANA SCHIETTI, INPA.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Topography, Rainforest, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Population Dynamics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Landscape scale, Forest ecology, Tree Growth, Ecosystem, Landscape, Tropical Rain Forest, Controlled Study, Forest Gap, Mortality, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Demography, Multidisciplinary, Forest dynamics, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Brasil, Canopy, 15. Life on land, Tropical forest, Tropical forests, Nonhuman, Lidar, Forest Dynamics, Kernel Method, Spatio-temporal Analysis, Environmental science, Medicine, Gap dynamics, Physical geography, Brazil, Tree, Research Article, Plant Height
Abstract

Gap phase dynamics are the dominant mode of forest turnover in tropical forests. However, gap processes are infrequently studied at the landscape scale. Airborne lidar data offer detailed information on three-dimensional forest structure, providing a means to characterize fine-scale (1 m) processes in tropical forests over large areas. Lidar-based estimates of forest structure (top down) differ from traditional field measurements (bottom up), and necessitate clear-cut definitions unencumbered by the wisdom of a field observer. We offer a new definition of a forest gap that is driven by forest dynamics and consistent with precise ranging measurements from airborne lidar data and tall, multi-layered tropical forest structure. We used 1000 ha of multi-temporal lidar data (2008, 2012) at two sites, the Tapajos National Forest and Ducke Reserve, to study gap dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon. Here, we identified dynamic gaps as contiguous areas of significant growth, that correspond to areas > 10 m2, with height

Published
2015

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