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3 results on '"EU-programme INTERREG IV (EFRE Ziel 3)"'

1. Stay home, stay safe ‐ site familiarity reduces predation risk in a large herbivore in two contrasting study sites

Author

Eric Vimercati, Elizabeth J. Hofer, Nadège C. Bonnot, Benedikt Gehr, Joe Premier, Nathan Ranc, Andreas Ryser, Francesca Cagnacci, Lukas F. Keller, Marco Heurich, A. J. Mark Hewison, Jean-Michel Gaillard, Kristina Vogt, Simone Ciuti, University of Zurich, Gehr, Benedikt, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Bavarian Forest National Park, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Harvard University [Cambridge], University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnivore Ecol & Wildlife Manageme (KORA), Bundesamt fur Umwelt, EU-programme INTERREG IV (EFRE Ziel 3), Federal Office for the Environment, Vectronic Aerospace GmbH, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Harvard University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, hunting, Evolution, Home range, home range, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival analysis, Predation, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Capreolus, Behavior and Systematics, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, roe deer, Herbivory, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Herbivore, biology, Ecology, lynx, Eurasian lynx, Deer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Europe, Roe deer, Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Habitat, Predatory Behavior, Ambush predator, 570 Life sciences, 590 Animals (Zoology), prey, Animal Science and Zoology, site fidelity, movement, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 1103 Animal Science and Zoology
Abstract

International audience; Restricting movements to familiar areas should increase individual fitness as it provides animals with information about the spatial distribution of resources and predation risk. While the benefits of familiarity for locating resources have been reported previously, the potential value of familiarity for predation avoidance has been accorded less attention. It has been suggested that familiarity should be beneficial for anti-predator behaviour when direct cues of predation risk are unclear and do not allow prey to identify well-defined spatial refuges. However, to our knowledge, this hypothesis has yet to be tested.Here, we assessed how site familiarity, measured as the intensity of use of a given location, is associated with the probability of roe deer Capreolus capreolus being killed by two predators with contrasting hunting tactics, the Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and human hunters. While risk of human hunting was confined to open habitats, risk of lynx predation was more diffuse, with no clear refuge areas.We estimated cause-specific mortality rates in a competing risk framework for 212 GPS-collared roe deer in two ecologically distinct areas of Central Europe to test the hypothesis that the daily risk of being killed by lynx or hunters should be lower in areas of high familiarity.We found strong evidence that site familiarity reduces the risk of being predated by lynx, whereas the evidence that the risk of being hunted is linked to site familiarity was weak.We suggest that local knowledge about small-scale differences in predation risk and information about efficient escape routes affect an individual's ability to avoid or escape an attack by an ambush predator. Our study emphasizes the role of site familiarity in determining the susceptibility of prey to predation. Further research will be required to understand better how a cognitive map of individual spatial information is beneficial for avoiding predation in the arms race that drives the predator-prey shell game.

Published
2020

2. Large herbivore migration plasticity along environmental gradients in Europe:life-history traits modulate forage effects

Author

Atle Mysterud, Max Kröschel, Nicolas Morellet, Ferdinando Urbano, Robin Sandfort, Johannes De Groeve, Peter Sunde, Leif Sönnichsen, Anders Jarnemo, Mark Hebblewhite, Daniel R. Eacker, John D. C. Linnell, Luca Pedrotti, Benedikt Gehr, Horst Reinecke, Marco Heurich, A. J. Mark Hewison, Stefano Focardi, Petter Kjellander, Francesca Cagnacci, Wibke Peters, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, University of Montana, University of Oslo (UiO), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Halmstad University, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio, Partenaires INRAE, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Leibniz Association, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Harvard University [Cambridge], Vectronic Aerospace GmbH, Autonomous Province of Trento (BECOCERWI) [3479], EU-programme INTERREG IV (EFRE Ziel 3), 'Marie Claire Cronstedts Stiftelse' foundation, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management, Region Skane, Stiftelsen Skanska Landskap, Hogestads and Christinehofs Fideikommiss, Ittur Jakt AB, Vira Bruk AB, Holmen Skog AB, Sveaskog, Karl-Erik Onnesjos stiftelse for vetenskaplig forskning och utveckling, Stiftelsen Oscar och Lili Lamms mine, Ericsbergs Fideikommis AB, Agerup and Elsagardens Sateri AB, Kolmardens insamlingsstiftelse/Taby Allmanning, Norwegian Environment Agency, Research Council of Norway [212919, 251112], Buskerud county, Centre for Advanced Study Oslo, Norway, Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Mammal Research Institute - Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [N N304172536], and NASA [NNX11AO47G]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ungulate, Foraging, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, behavioral plasticity, Capreolus, biology.animal, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Herbivore, partial migration, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Mating system, herbivores, Behavioural plasticity, Roe deer, Sympatric speciation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, forage maturation hypothesis
Abstract

The most common framework under which ungulate migration is studied predicts that it is driven by spatio–temporal variation in plant phenology, yet other hypotheses may explain differences within and between species. To disentangle more complex patterns than those based on single species/ single populations, we quantified migration vari-ability using two sympatric ungulate species differing in their foraging strategy, mating system and physiological constraints due to body size. We related observed variation to a set of hypotheses. We used GPS-collar data from 537 individuals in 10 roe Capreolus capreolus and 12 red deer Cervus elaphus populations spanning environmental gra-dients across Europe to assess variation in migration propensity, distance and tim-ing. Using time-to-event models, we explored how the probability of migration varied in relation to sex, landscape (e.g. topography, forest cover) and temporally-varying environmental factors (e.g. plant green-up, snow cover). Migration propensity varied across study areas. Red deer were, on average, three times more migratory than roe deer (56% versus 18%). This relationship was mainly driven by red deer males which were twice as migratory as females (82% versus 38%). The probability of roe deer migration was similar between sexes. Roe deer (both sexes) migrated earliest in spring. While territorial male roe deer migrated last in autumn, male and female red deer migrated around the same time in autumn, likely due to their polygynous mating system. Plant productivity determined the onset of spring migration in both species, but if plant productivity on winter ranges was sufficiently high, roe deer were less likely to leave. In autumn, migration coincided with reduced plant productivity for both species. This relationship was stronger for red deer. Our results confirm that ungulate migration is influenced by plant phenology, but in a novel way, that these effects appear to be modulated by species-specific traits, especially mating strategies.

Published
2019

3. Seasonality, weather and climate affect home range size in roe deer across a wide latitudinal gradient within Europe

Author

Christophe Bonenfant, Atle Mysterud, Federico Ossi, Pavel Sustr, Sandro Nicoloso, Petter Kjellander, Nicolas Morellet, Luca Börger, Ferdinando Urbano, Marco Heurich, Francesca Cagnacci, John D. C. Linnell, Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA - CEBC, Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, Departement of Research and Documentation, Bavarian Forest National Park, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Science (SLU), Division of Arctic Ecology (NINA), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Research, Ecology and Environment Dimension ((D.R.E.Am. Italia)), Research, Ecology and Environment Dimension, Department of Biodiversity Research, Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Dipartimento delle Arti e del Disegno Industriale [Venice], IUAV University Venice, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Università Iuav di Venezia = Iuav University of Venice (IUAV), EURODEER collaborative project, Autonomous Province of Trento [3479], EU-programme INTERREG IV (EFRE Ziel 3), Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), Bavarian Forest National Park Administration, Czech Ministry of Education [CZ. 1.05/1.1.00/02.0073], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, animal movements, Range (biology), Home range, Climate, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Capreolus, Homing Behavior, Abundance (ecology), biology.animal, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, spatio-temporal variation, medicine, Animals, Weather, Animal movement, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Herbivore, biology, Ranging behaviour, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Deer, Large herbivore, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, spatiotemporal variation, Roe deer, Europe, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Geographic Information Systems, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Seasons, Day length
Abstract

International audience; 1. Because many large mammal species have wide geographical ranges, spatially distant populations may be confronted with different sets of environmental conditions. Investigating how home range (HR) size varies across environmental gradients should yield a better understanding of the factors affecting large mammal ecology. 2. We evaluated how HR size of a large herbivore, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), varies in relation to seasonality, latitude (climate), weather, plant productivity and landscape features across its geographical range in Western Europe. As roe deer are income breeders, expected to adjust HR size continuously to temporal variation in food resources and energetic requirements, our baseline prediction was for HR size to decrease with proxies of resource availability. 3. We used GPS locations of roe deer collected from seven study sites (EURODEER collaborative project) to estimate fixed-kernel HR size at weekly and monthly temporal scales. We performed an unusually comprehensive analysis of variation in HR size among and within populations over time across the geographical range of a single species using generalized additive mixed models and linear mixed models, respectively. 4. Among populations, HR size decreased with increasing values for proxies of forage abundance, but increased with increases in seasonality, stochastic variation of temperature, latitude and snow cover. Within populations, roe deer HR size varied over time in relation to seasonality and proxies of forage abundance in a consistent way across the seven populations. Thus, our findings were broadly consistent across the distributional range of this species, demonstrating a strong and ubiquitous link between the amplitude and timing of environmental seasonality and HR size at the continental scale. 5. Overall, the variability in average HR size of roe deer across Europe reflects the interaction among local weather, climate and seasonality, providing valuable insight into the limiting factors affecting this large herbivore under contrasting conditions. The complexity of the relationships suggests that predicting ranging behaviour of large herbivores in relation to current and future climate change will require detailed knowledge not only about predicted increases in temperature, but also how this interacts with factors such as day length and climate predictability.

Published
2013

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