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15 results on '"Benjamin Bois"'

1. La filière Vigne et Vin face au changement climatique : enseignements d’un forum de prospective pour le Val de Loire

Author

Jean-Marc Touzard, Jacques Gautier, Nathalie Ollat, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Hervé Hannin, Benjamin Bois, Eric Duchêne, Françoise Brugière, Roy Hammond, and Patrick Aigrain

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, General Environmental Science
Abstract

L’article rend compte du forum de prospective organise en 2019 par INRAE et InterLoire pour explorer les futurs possibles des vignobles du Val de Loire face au changement climatique. 90 acteurs de la filiere ont exprime leurs perceptions des consequences du changement climatique en 2050, opte pour un scenario d’adaptation et propose des leviers d’action pour qu’il se realise. Les positions et propositions sont analysees et comparees a celles des forums realises dans six autres regions viticoles, montrant les specificites du val de Loire, en particulier sur les liens avec les enjeux d’environnement.

Published
2020
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2. Optimization of a leaf wetness duration model

Author

Thierry Castel, Yves Richard, M. Rega, Benjamin Bois, Sébastien Zito, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Humidity, Forestry, Disease potential infection, Time step, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Daily values, 13. Climate action, Empirical model, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Range (statistics), Environmental science, Relative humidity, Duration (project management), Agronomy and Crop Science, Intensity (heat transfer), Powdery mildew, Leaf wetness, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Characterization of LWD (Leaf Wetness Duration) is essential when simulating the spread of phytopathogenic fungi. No standard for leaf wetness measurement exists and a wide range of sensors and models are currently available for estimating LWD. While the vast majority of models use hourly climate data (temperature, relative humidity, etc.) this time step is not widely available in historical records. It is also seldom available in spatially disaggregated projected (21st century) climatic data. Our study aims to develop a new method for using temperature and humidity on a daily time step to simulate leaf wetness duration. The principle behind our model consists in reconstructing hourly temperature and relative humidity based on optimized equations with the bootstrap statistical method for the studied area. Then hourly simulated data are used to estimate the daily duration of leaf wetness. The sensitivity of this process to daily and hourly temperature and relative humidity is assessed. The impact of this model on simulations of potential infections of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) by powdery mildew, using a key equation within a mechanistic model that simulates the pathogen's (Erysiphe necator) primary contaminations was evaluated. Results show that the error in simulating LWD and its impact on the potential intensity of the primary contamination of powdery mildew with daily climate data is low. This study has enabled us to set up an optimized modelling chain, which could be readily reproduced in different regions provided existing observational datasets enable suitable parameterization.

Published
2020
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3. J. Sci. Food Agric

Author

Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Olivier Mathieu, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of California Davis, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), and Université de Bourgogne ( UB )

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Propriété du sol, Leaf water, Disponibilité hydrique, 01 natural sciences, water stress, Discrimination isotopique du carbone, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Botany, Bourgogne, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, Soil properties, Slop, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Terroir, 2. Zero hunger, Viticulture, Nutrition and Dietetics, terroir, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Ripening, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, carbon isotopic discrimination, Horticulture, Vitis vinifera, Precision viticulture, Soil water, slope, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Composition (visual arts), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background: The measurement of carbon isotopic discrimination in grape sugars at harvest (δ13 C) is an integrated assessment of water status during ripening. It is an efficient alternative to assess variability in the field and discriminate between management zones in precision viticulture, but further work is needed to completely understand the signal.; Results: This work, spanning over 3 years, performed in a hillslope toposequence in Burgundy, delineates the relationships between main soil properties (gravel amount, slope, texture) and the grapevine water status assessed by δ13 C. The highest δ13 C, indicating most severe water deficit, was recorded in gravelly soils on steep slopes. The amount of sugars and malic and tartaric acids was also related to δ13 C. The relationship between δ13 C and predawn leaf water potentials (Ψpd ) was also investigated, because the absolute values of measured δ13 C were lower than the values currently found in the literature.; Conclusions: A mini-meta-analysis was performed, which showed that the slope of the relationships between minimum Ψpd and δ13 C was stable across studies (a change of 1‰ in δ13 C corresponded to a change of -0.2 MPa in the minimum Ψpd ), while the intercept of the comparison δ13 C/Ψpd changed, probably because of genetic variations between varieties, or environmental differences. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.; © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2017
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4. Late Frosts AND VITICULTURE IN THE LOWER AND MIDDLE LOIRE VALLEY (FRANCE).A geoclimatic approach to a major meteorological hazard for viticulture

Author

Sophie Brunel-Muguet, Olivier Planchon, François Beauvais, Hervé Quénol, Edwige Savouret, Benjamin Bois, Olivier Cantat, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Caen), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie et Nutritions (EVA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Parey, Blandine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] (CRC), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, types de temps, weather types, General Medicine, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, viticulture, 01 natural sciences, atmospheric circulation patterns, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Loire Valley, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, types de circulation atmosphérique, vallée de la Loire, France, wineyards, topoclimatologie, topoclimatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Night-time clear and calm weather conditions cause a highly contrasting fine-scale spatial temperature distribution, locally depending on topographic features, type of soil and land cover. The combination of meteorological and geographical features with plant phenology points out the strong sensitivity of spring phenology to the occurrence of late frosts. Spring frosts can have serious impacts on plant growth and can penalize economic sectors depending on fruit and wine production. Therefore, spring is the most monitored season. Strong frosts occurred in France in late April 2016, causing local and long-lasting (several consecutive hours) temperature records below -5°C in some lowland places. The same features occurred in spring 2017 and 2019. The study of the combined meteorological and topoclimatic features causing the spring frosts of 2016 in France was carried out in the lower and middle Loire Valley. This part of the Loire valley is one of the studied wine regions of the European project LIFE-ADVICLIM (ADaptation of VIticulture to CLIMate change: High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii). In this study, the following points are developed: the climate conditions in the geographical context of the lower and middle Loire Basin; the synoptic scale meteorology associated with late frosts and the peculiarity of spring frost compared to winter frost. The cold event of 27 April 2016 between Nantes and Orléans is analysed using a methodology that takes into account geography at fine scales. A comparative study is carried out between two nearby weather stations, representative of different local-scale geographical contexts: Romorantin, located on a valley floor with a sandy soil, and Lye, located on an open hilltop. The results show how the nested space-time scales must be taken into account to explain the contrasting temperature distribution: the synoptic scale allows frost risk triggering, while at local scale their effective impacts on the studied site to be highlighted, in terms of intensity and duration of the frost event., Dès que la situation météorologique est propice à l’établissement d’un temps clair et calme, des contrastes thermiques importants apparaissent de nuit au gré de facteurs locaux comme la topographie et la nature des sols. Si l’on croise ces composantes atmosphériques et géographiques avec la phénologie de la vigne, le printemps s’avère être une période particulièrement surveillée en raison de l’occurrence possible de gelées pouvant hypothéquer le développement du végétal et, par conséquent, pénaliser la production de raisins impactant les filières maraîchères et viticoles. Ce fut notamment le cas en France et dans certains pays voisins fin avril 2016, avec localement des gelées sous abri fortes (inférieures à -5°C) et durables (plusieurs heures consécutives). Le phénomène s’est également produit en 2017 et 2019. Pour illustrer les combinaisons de situations météorologiques et de phénomènes topoclimatiques à risques gélifs chez la vigne, l’étude de cas porte sur la basse et moyenne vallée de la Loire, région viticole française objet du programme européen LIFE-ADVICLIM (ADaptation of VIticulture to CLIMate change : High resolution observations of adaptation scenarii). Après avoir présenté le cadre climatique général du secteur d’étude, le contexte météorologique d’échelle synoptique et la particularité des gelées tardives par rapport à celles de pleine saison hivernale, l’article analyse la géographie à échelle fine de l’événement gélif du 27 avril 2016 entre Nantes et Orléans. Un zoom sur deux stations voisines représentatives de contextes géographiques différents (Romorantin à la topographie en creux sur sol sableux et Lye sur une colline dégagée) permet ensuite de montrer comment les jeux d’échelles spatio-temporelles mènent à une répartition thermique tout en contrastes, entre l’échelle synoptique (pour définir un potentiel de gelée tardive) et locale (pour en voir l’expression effective sur le terrain, en intensité comme en durée).

Published
2020

5. Using foresight exercise to design adaptation policy to climate change: The case of the French wine industry

Author

Hervé Hannin, Nathalie Ollat, Eric Duchêne, Françoise Brugière, Roy Hammond, I. G. de Cortazar-Atauri, Benjamin Bois, Jacques Gautier, Jean-Marc Touzard, Patrick Aigrain, Eric Giraud-Heraud, FranceAgriMer, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Appellations d'Origine (INAO), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Aurand JM, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Unité de Recherche Oenologie [Villenave d'Ornon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, lcsh:QR1-502, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Climate change, adaptation, filière vitivinicole, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, lcsh:Microbiology, lcsh:Physiology, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, stratégie d'adaptation, lcsh:Zoology, lcsh:QL1-991, Adaptation (computer science), Milieux et Changements globaux, sud de la france, 2. Zero hunger, lcsh:QP1-981, Welfare economics, étude prospective, gestion de l'irrigation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, viticulture, 040401 food science, Futures studies, 13. Climate action, Order (business), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, adaptation au changement climatique, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Foresight studies are regularly conducted at sectoral or geographical scales, in order to help policy makers and economic actors to define their strategy of adaptation to climate change (CC). Some studies are rather “quick exercises”, in which a panel of experts is consulted to define the expected impacts of CC and to identify adaptation leviers for future policy. In other cases, a true foresight methodology is developed, leading to the building of scenarios based on : i) a systemic and participatory approach, ii) the definition of key variables, iii) the choice of assumptions and the coherent relations between these assumptions, the narrative description of scenarios. This participatory dimension of the approach may be relevant to better integrate the climate change challenge into future strategies chosen by decision makers. Such an exercise was conducted in the framework of the multidisciplinary INRA / LACCAVE research project (2013–2017) to consider the CC adaptation strategy that could be implemented in the French wine industry by 2050. This communication presents the outcomes and insights opened up by this prospective exercise, based on a new approach derived from the scenarios method, following two main steps : 1) The first step consists of a “classical”, topdown, expert-led prospective approach, including the selection of four possible adaptation scenarios ; it was presented at the OIV Congress in Bento Gonc¸alves in 2016. 2) The second step is based on a bottom-up participatory approach with regional and national stakeholders during six regional meetings. Each meeting brought together 60 to 100 actors invited to interact on four scenarios and on solutions that could be developed : the “Conservative scenario” driven by incremental changes ; the “Innovative scenario” driven by the development of a wide range of technical innovations ; the “Nomad scenario” focusing on the relocation of vineyards ; the “Liberal scenario” where “everything would be possible anywhere”. A national working group has been set up by INAO1 and FranceAgriMer2, inviting the main national wine organizations to analyze the information collected during the regional meetings. This working group aims at making proposals to design the future climate strategy of the sector, taking into account the inter-regional diversity of situations. The participants expressed common positions (perception of limited resilience of the wine industry, increasing need for innovation, opposition to the relocation of vineyards...), but regional specificities were also noted (for example : development of irrigation in the south of France or calls for new research on pest control in other French regions). The large majority of stakeholders wanted to favor the pathway to the innovative scenario, with several regional variations. This foresight exercise generated a greater stakeholder awareness of the CC issue, leading to the implementation of collective actions at different scales. Its findings will provide significant support to the wine industry in developing a national climate strategy, taking into account regional specificities.

Published
2018
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6. Update in unified terroir zoning methodologies

Author

Benjamin Bois, Cornelis van Leeuwen, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Computer science, Scale (chemistry), media_common.quotation_subject, Geomatics, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, CLARITY, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Production (economics), Quality (business), Product (category theory), business, Zoning, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Terroir, media_common
Abstract

International audience; The concept of terroir is based on the assumption that the quality and the typicity of an agricultural product are linked to its origin. The precise definition of an origin requires zoning. Because terroir expression in viticulture is largely driven by interactions between the vine and its natural environment, soil and climate play a key role in terroir zoning. For clarity, soil-based and climate-based zoning are presented separately in this paper. They are, however, ideally carried out simultaneously, because of the existence of multiple interactions between these terroir factors. Prior to the implementation of zoning, the objectives need to be carefully defined. The appropriate scale at which the zoning is implemented depends on the objective and the available budget. The use of geomatics enables the production of maps at reduced cost and, possibly, increased accuracy. This paper is update of the unified zoning methodology which was adopted by the OIV in 2012 (OIV-VITI 423-2012).

Published
2018
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7. Projected shifts of wine regions in response to climate change

Author

Benjamin Bois, Roberto Ferrise, Marco Bindi, Camilla Dibari, Giacomo Trombi, Gregory V. Jones, Marco Moriondo, Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] (IBIMET), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Environmental Studies, Southern Oregon University (SOU), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Research supported by the Commission of EU (Project MEDIATION, project no. 244012)., Istituto di Biometeorologia [Firenze] ( IBIMET ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ( CNR ), Southern Oregon University, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), and University of Florence

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Distribution (economics), Predictor variables, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, HadCM3, suitability, [ SDV.SA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Wine, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, 15. Life on land, grapevine, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, climate change, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, General Circulation Model, Climatology, Period (geology), Environmental science, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; This research simulates the impact of climate change on the distribution of the most important European wine regions using a comprehensive suite of spatially informative layers, including bioclimatic indices and water deficit, as predictor variables. More specifically, a machine learning approach (Random Forest, RF) was first calibrated for the present period and applied to future climate conditions as simulated by HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) to predict the possible spatial expansion and/or shift in potential grapevine cultivated area in 2020 and 2050 under A2 and B2 SRES scenarios. Projected changes in climate depicted by the GCM and SRES scenarios results in a progressive warming in all bioclimatic indices as well as increasing water deficit over the European domain, altering the climatic profile of each of the grapevine cultivated areas. The two main responses to these warmer and drier conditions are 1) progressive shifts of existing grapevine cultivated area to the north-northwest of their original ranges, and 2) expansion or contraction of the wine regions due to changes in within region suitability for grapevine cultivation. Wine regions with climatic conditions from the Mediterranean basin today (e.g., the Languedoc, Provence, Côtes Rhône Méridionales, etc.) were shown to potentially shift the most over time. Overall the results show the potential for a dramatic change in the landscape for winegrape production in Europe due to changes in climate.

Published
2013
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8. Which climatic modeling to assess climate change impacts on vineyards?

Author

Andrew Sturman, Benjamin Bois, Renan Le Roux, Valérie Bonnardot, Hervé Quénol, Inaki Garcia de Cortazar Atauri, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG - Rennes ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin « Jules Guyot », Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Centre for Atmospheric Research, Nova Gorica Polytechnic, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie [UMR Biogéosciences] ( CRC ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Centre for Atmospheric Research, University of Canterbury, and University of Canterbury [Christchurch]

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, yeast, brewer s, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Botany, climate change, modelling, uncertainties, bioclimatic index, viticulture, saccharomyces cerevisiae, Milieux et Changements globaux, fermentation, changement climatique, Phenology, Environmental resource management, phénologie, lcsh:QK1-989, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, botrytis cinerea, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Horticulture, phenology, lcsh:Agriculture, vitis vinifera, modèle climatique, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wine, business.industry, lcsh:S, Global change, Future climate, 15. Life on land, grapevine, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Climate model, Viticulture, expérimentation au vignoble, business, Scale (map), vigne, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; The impact of climatic change on viticulture is significant: main phenological stages appear earlier, wine characteristics are changing,... This clearly illustrates the point that the adaptation of viticulture to climate change is crucial and should be based on simulations of future climate. Several types of models exist and are used to represent viticultural climates at various scales. In this paper, we propose a review of different types of climate models (methodology and uncertainties) and then few examples of its application at the scale of wine growing regions worldwide.

Published
2017
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9. Electrical imaging of soil water availability to grapevine: a benchmark experiment of several machine-learning techniques

Author

Olivier Mathieu, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Benjamin Bois, Viticulture Research Center, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics ( CREA ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Soil test, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil science, Time domain reflectometry (TDR), [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Pedotransfer function, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Machine learning, Plant available soil water, Electrical resistivity tomography, Transect, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Soil–water mapping, Pedotransfer functions, Multivariate adaptive regression splines, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

22 pages; International audience; Electrical resistivity (ER) can be used to assess soil water in the field. This study investigated the possibility of extending the use of ER to measure plant available soil water variables, i.e. available soil water (ASW), total transpirable SW (TTSW), and fraction of transpirable SW (FTSW) using a pedotransfer approach. In a vineyard, 224 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) transects and 672 time domain reflectometry (TDR) soil water profiles were acquired over 2 years. Soil physical–chemical properties were measured on 73 soil samples from eight different sites. To estimate the amount of soil water available to plants, grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status was monitored by means of leaf water potentials. A benchmark experiment was carried out to compare four machine-learning techniques: multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), k-nearest neighbours (KNN), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting machine (GBM). Model interpretation led to a deeper understanding of the relationships between electrical resistivity and soil properties when predicting soil water availability for the plant. The models assessed had good predictive performance and were therefore used to map ASW, TTSW and FTSW in the vineyard. ER coupled to machine-learning algorithms was shown to be a good proxy for quantification and visualisation of plant available soil water with low disturbance.

Published
2016
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10. Variations in soil-water use by grapevine according to plant water status and soil physical-chemical characteristics - A 3D spatio-temporal analysis

Author

Olivier Mathieu, Benjamin Bois, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Viticulture Research Centre, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics ( CREA ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB), France., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, Context (language use), Plant Science, Soil water uptake, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Terroir, 01 natural sciences, Vineyard, Pedotransfer function, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), Plant water stress, Electrical resistivity tomography, 2. Zero hunger, Water stress, Vitis vinifera L. (grapevine), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Roots, 6. Clean water, Agronomy, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Scale (map), Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

14 pages; International audience; Understanding plant and soil-water relationships is crucial to optimise agricultural management. In this multidisciplinary work, soil geophysics and plant physiological measurements are coupled and a statistical method is proposed to visualising plant soil-water uptake in space and time. The method is applied in a vineyard context and shows differences in the use of tranpirable soil water by grapevine according to the type of soil and the time of the day (day/night).During two years the water stress experienced by a single Chardonnay/SO4 grapevine clone was monitored both at pre-dawn and midday by leaf water potentials in two field plots exclusively differenced by soil properties. At the same time, variations of electrical resistivity were monitored through electrical resistivity tomography, and then transformed in fraction of tranpirable soil water by the use of pedotransfer functions appositely developed in these soils. Spatio-temporal variations of transpirable soil water was used to predict plant leaf water potentials and the contribution of each soil region to grapevine water status was evaluated by statistical-learning methods. Strong spatio-temporal variability was observed both vertically and laterally between the two plots and within each plot at a fine scale. Principal causes of such differences were the level of plant water stress, along the season and during the day, and differences in soil physical-chemical properties. Soil contribution to plant water status varies in space and time at a fine scale. This paper introduces a novel methodological approach, transposable in any field survey, and brings further insight in the description of plant and soil relationships.

Published
2016
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11. Climate vs grapevine pests and diseases worldwide: The first results of a global survey

Author

Sébastien Zito, Benjamin Bois, Agnes Calonnec, Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (1287)., Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), ProdInra, Migration, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMR SAVE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), INRA metaprogramme ACCAF, project LACCAVE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) (UMRSV), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Végétale (INRA/ENITA) ( UMR SAVE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux ( ENITAB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, ravageur, Growing season, Distribution (economics), Climate change, Diseases, Disease, Horticulture, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Agriculture, vitis vinifera, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, lcsh:Botany, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phytosanitary certification, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, lcsh:S, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, viticulture, diseases, pests, climate change, grapevine, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, PEST analysis, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Viticulture, vigne, business, Powdery mildew, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract

Aim: This paper aimed to address the relationship between grapevine disease, pest occurrences and climate. The extremely large extension of viticulture worldwide offers the possibility to evaluate the impacts of climate variability on many aspects of the grape growing system. For this, we initiated a global survey to retrieve the most important diseases and pests in many grape growing regions worldwide and to identify the risk of exposure to pests and diseases of viticulture as a function of climate.Methods and results: Based on the answer of respondent about the main reported diseases/pests in their region, a severity index was calculated. Each region was geolocalised and data were compared to the WorldClim gridded climate database to document the range of climate conditions (growing season temperature and rainfall) associated to the main diseases/pests. The potential climatic-induced changes of grapevine disease and pest geography by 2050 are assessed using agro-climate projections from the ARPEGE CNRM model, using the RCP 4.5 scenario. The preliminary results allow to determine the distribution of diseases as function of agroclimatic indicators.Conclusion: While the distribution of diseases differs according to the region of the world, the current analysis suggests that mildews remain the major phytosanitary threat in most of the regions. Powdery mildew, trunk diseases and viruses were reported in extremely diverse climatic conditions, including intermediate and wet regions. Significance and impact of the study: This paper present an original methodology to address the relationship between grapevine disease and pest occurrences and climate. Such documentation is scarce in the current literature. Further analysis is currently being performed, including additional survey answers, climate indices and supplementary data collected (spatial extension, frequency of treatments…) to better depict the challenges of grapevine phytosanitary management in a changing climate.

Published
2016
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12. Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. How can it be assessed for vineyard management purposes?

Author

Xavier Choné, Benjamin Bois, Jean-Pierre Gaudillère, David Pernet, Cornelius van Leeuwen, Olivier Trégoat, Bois, Benjamin, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie ( CRC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre de Recherches de Climatologie (CRC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Consultant Viticulture, Partenaires INRAE, Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, STRESS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 01 natural sciences, irrigation, Water balance, water deficit stress, water balance, Yield (wine), lcsh:Botany, water potential, VITIS-VINIFERA L, Water content, 2. Zero hunger, Chemistry, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, grape, lcsh:QK1-989, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GROWTH, vine, Vintage, Irrigation, Bordeaux wine, SENSITIVE INDICATOR, Horticulture, Vineyard, lcsh:Agriculture, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, water status, [ SDV.EE.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, FIELD, CV-SHIRAZ, [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, fungi, lcsh:S, 15. Life on land, carbon isotope discrimination, SOIL, [SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, ripening speed, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science, RESPONSES
Abstract

Aims: The impact of water deficit stress on vine shoot growth, berry weight, grape composition and overall vintage quality was investigated in Bordeaux vineyards. Methods for assessing water deficit stress were compared.Methods and results: Vine water status was assessed on three soil types during four vintages by means of stem water potential and carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar. Regional water deficit was compared for a range of over 30 vintages by means of water balance modelling. It was shown that water deficit stress anticipated shoot growth slackening, limited berry weight and enhanced berry anthocyanin content. Berry sugar content was greatest when water deficit was mild. It was shown that stem water potential measurements and carbon isotope discrimination are accurate tools for assessing vine water status at plot scale. Seasonal water deficit at a regional scale can be correctly estimated by water balance models. Vintage quality in Bordeaux is determined by the intensity of water deficit stress rather than by the level of the temperatures.Conclusions: Vine phenology and grape ripening are highly dependent on water uptake conditions. Mild water deficit stress enhances grape quality for the production of red wines. Vine water status can accurately be assessed by means of stem water potential or carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugars. Quality losses through severe water stress can be avoided through the use of drought-adapted plant material, appropriate canopy management, yield reduction or the implementation of deficit irrigation.Significance and impact of the study: This study shows the key role of water deficits in the production of quality grapes for red wine production. Methods for assessing vine water status are compared and discussed. Among many existing methods, the accuracy of stem water potential, carbon isotope discrimination measured on grape sugar and water balance modelling are emphasized.

Published
2009

13. The use of soil electrical resistivity to monitor plant and soil water relationships in vineyards

Author

Olivier Mathieu, C. van Leeuwen, Luca Brillante, Jean Lévêque, Benjamin Bois, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Work funded by the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne and the Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne (BIVB)., Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin ( ISVV ), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Tomographie électrique, [ SDV.SA.SDS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Water uptake, Bourgogne, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vigne, Electrical resistivity tomography, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Terroir, lcsh:GE1-350, 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Viticulture, business.industry, Water Movements, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Disponibilité en eau, lcsh:Geology, Effet terroir, Vitis Vinifera, Agriculture, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Déficit hydrique, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Soil water availability deeply affects plant physiology. In viticulture it is considered as a major contributor to the "terroir" expression. The assessment of soil water in field conditions is a difficult task especially over large surfaces. New techniques, are therefore required to better explore variations of soil water content in space and time with low disturbance and with great precision. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) meets these requirements, for applications in plant sciences, agriculture and ecology. In this paper, possible techniques to develop models that allow the use of ERT to spatialise soil water available to plants are reviewed. An application of soil water monitoring using ERT in a grapevine plot in Burgundy (north-east of France) during the vintage 2013 is presented. We observed the lateral heterogeneity of ERT derived Fraction of Transpirable Soil Water (FTSW) variations, and differences in water uptake depending on grapevine water status (leaf water potentials measured both at predawn and at solar noon and contemporary to ERT monitoring). Active zones in soils for water movements were identified. The use of ERT in ecophysiological studies, with parallel monitoring of plant water status, is still rare. These methods are promising because they have the potential to reveal a hidden part of a major function of plant development: the capacity to extract water from the soil.

Published
2015
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14. Image analysis methods for assessment of H2O2 production and Plasmopara viticola development in grapevine leaves: application to the evaluation of resistance to downy mildew

Author

Charles Schneider, Marielle Adrian, Marie-Claire Héloir, Xavier Daire, Ian Li Kim Khiook, Benjamin Bois, Sophie Trouvelot, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' (IUVV Jules Guyot), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Financial support from the BIVB (Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne) and the Conseil Régional de Bourgogne., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire de la Vigne et du Vin 'Jules Guyot' ( IUVV Jules Guyot ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), and Agricultural University of Athens (AUA). GRC.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microbiology (medical), Antifungal, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], H2O2, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Image analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, Plasmopara viticola, medicine, Plant defense against herbivory, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Vitis, image analysis, downy mildew, grapevine, resistance tests, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Analysis method, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Resistance (ecology), biology, Resistance tests, Reproducibility of Results, food and beverages, Hydrogen Peroxide, biology.organism_classification, Fungicide, Plant Leaves, Horticulture, Agronomy, Oomycetes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Downy mildew, Grapevine, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

article i nfo The grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) provokes severe damages and destroys the harvest in the absence of an effective protection. Numerous fungicide treatments are thus generally necessary. To promote a sustainable production, alternative strategies of protection including new antifungal molecules, resistant geno- types or elicitor-induced resistance are under trial. To evaluate the relevance of these strategies, resistance tests are required. In this context, three image analysis methods were developed to read the results of tests performed to assessP.viticolasporulation and mycelial development, and H 2 O 2 production in leaves. They have been validated using elicitors of plant defenses. These methods are reliable, innovative, rapid, and their modular concept allows their further adaptation to other host-pathogen systems. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013
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15. Why climate change will not dramatically decrease viticultural suitability in main wine-producing areas by 2050

Author

Cornelis van Leeuwen, Iñaki García de Cortázar-Atauri, Serge Delrot, Benjamin Bois, Hervé Quénol, Nathalie Ollat, Philippe Pieri, Eric Duchêne, Jean-Pascal Goutouly, Jean-Marc Touzard, Aureliano C. Malheiro, Hans R. Schultz, Luigi Bavaresco, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (EGFV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Hochschule Geisenheim University, UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité mixte de recherche innovation, changement technique, apprentissage et coordination dans l'agriculture et l'agroalimentaire (UMR ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier (ENSA M), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Research Centre for Viticulture, Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne ( EGFV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine ( Bordeaux Sciences Agro ), UE Agroclim ( UE AGROCLIM ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecophysiology and Functional Genomics of Grapevine, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin ( ISVV ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG - Rennes ), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique ( LETG ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité mixte de recherche innovation, changement technique, apprentissage et coordination dans l'agriculture et l'agroalimentaire, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes ( CNEARC ) -Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes ( CIHEAM ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Montpellier ( ENSA M ), Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne (UMR EGFV), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin ( SVQV ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), and Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate Change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Climate change, Wine, Time step, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [ SDV.SA.AGRO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Environmental protection, Vitis, Ecosystem, Letters, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Viticulture, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, business, Water use, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Hannah et al. (1) recently published a comprehensive study showing substantial impacts of climate change on viticultural suitability, leading to potential ecological issues. We agree that expansion of viticulture into new areas can lead to a decrease in biodiversity and that an increase in water use for irrigation might lead to major freshwater conservation impacts. However, we disagree with the alarming statement that suitability for winegrowing of main wine-producing areas worldwide will dramatically decrease over the next 40 y. We point out major methodological flaws in ref. 1, mostly linked to (i) the misuse of bibliographical data to compute suitability index, (ii) underestimation of adaptations of viticulture to warmer conditions, and (iii) the inadequacy of the monthly time step in the …

Published
2013
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