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In today’s era, Digital watermarking is a well-known application in direction of proving the authenticity of digital content. In this concern, a new optimized image watermarking method has been sug...

Fluorescence methods have gained enormous attention due to their ease in use, simplicity, selectivity and sensitivity. Fluorescent chemosensors respond instantly by converting molecular recognition to fluorescent signals. The consumption of pharmaceutical products by living beings is on great increase. The disposal of such compounds in the environment is a matter of great concern as these compounds enter aquatic environment and show accumulation in tissues of aquatic organisms. In the present study, we have utilized naphthalimide based receptors to fabricate organic nanoparticles (ONPs). These ONPs were used for the development of hybrid nanoassemblies, and the developed nanoassemblies were characterized with the help of transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering studies. The photophysical studies were performed and the hybrid assembly developed using receptor 2 demonstrated a turn-on fluorescence emission behavior on binding with Amitriptyline. The present sensing system acted as promi...

With the dawn of the information age, the number of choices that each person has to make each day has seen an explosive growth. Every minute, users are bombarded with so many different options for everything user do, from buying clothes to watching TV, that one live in a state of constant information overload, feeling stressed out by this imposed free will then be liberated by it. One ways in which user have now become used to mitigating this constant barrage of incessant information is by the usage of Recommender Systems. These systems are software components that use some form of rating provided by a user to generate recommendations for items that they may be interested in. Unfortunately, recommender systems face a major problem called the “Cold – Start problem”, which essentially means that a recommender system in an online setting has no information about the user when the user first signs up. Many approaches have been proposed to solve this, but the one this paper shall be taking is to use information from social networks, specifically Twitter, to get this initial information. Implicitly infer user interest with good accuracy is proposed here and this understanding of interests can later be updated by observing user actions as they interact with the system. We leverage the power of the categorical information stored in the Wikipedia database to allow us to assign relative weights to entities that a user follows on Twitter. This proposed approach for creating the rating vector for each user by mining the Twitter account of the users’ is evaluated using the RMSE and MAE metrics.

Security of data has become a necessity in today’s world. Data as all know is the raw form and information can be extracted from it. Thus, data needs to be secured. This concern becomes even more significant when share information and it mostly constitute of images. As already know that a picture speaks a thousand words, there is no reason not to believe that picture carry the most information. Furthermore, they can be easily manipulated. This paper presents two schemes to secure such information in the form of images. Under the concept of (k, n) - Visual Cryptography, authors present these two schemes to secretly share images, that can be practically used to secure the information sent. The (3, 3) - enhanced visual cryptographic scheme, enhances security of the currently existing (3, 3) - visual cryptographic scheme by utilizing the concept of keys to secure information. Authors also introduce a new scheme, (2, 3) - visual cryptographic scheme. The (2, 3) - visual cryptographic scheme also utilizes the concepts of keys but reduces the bandwidth requirement or increases reliability. This provides us two modes of operation that are more practical than existing scheme. The paper shall discuss the scheme with a schematic analysis and an analysis of its implementation both subjectively and objectively. Using several parameters of security, this paper presents our findings as our results. The schemes discussed are found to be more secure than existing visual cryptographic scheme and are more reliable and imperceptible.

A rapid fluorescence method has been developed which describes the sensitive and selective determination of ketoprofen by developing hybrid assemblies composed of silver nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles. Three different ligands were synthesized using various thiourea derivatives and these were processed with organic nanoparticles using a single step re-precipitation method. Hybrid nanoassemblies were developed and consisted of silver nanoparticles and organic nanoparticles, respectively. These were further analysed for their response to various drug molecules and their fluorescence emission spectra were recorded. A non-selective response was observed for hybrid nanoassemblies composed of ethyl isothiocyanate and phenyl isothiocyanate. However, a turn-on fluorescence response to ketoprofen was noticed for the hybrid nanoassembly composed of 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate. Titrations were carried out revealing that with subsequent addition of ketoprofen, a gradual increase in fluorescence emission was noticed. Our sensor can effectively determine ketoprofen up to a detection limit of 34 nM. Moreover, other drug molecules were found to have negligible interference in the sensing of ketoprofen in aqueous media.

Healthcare is always a sensitive issue for all of us, and it will always remain. Predicting various types of health issues in advance can lead us to a better life. Various types of health problems are there like cancer, heart diseases, diabetes, arthritis, pneumonia, lungs disease, liver disease, and brain disease, which all are at high risk. To reduce the risk of health issues, some suitable models are needed for prediction. Thus, it became as a motivational factor for the authors to survey the existing literature on this topic thoroughly and have consequently to identify suitable machine learning techniques so that improvement can be possible while selecting a prediction model. In this chapter, concept of survey is used to provide the prediction models for healthcare issues along with the challenges associated with each model. This chapter will broadly cover the following: machine learning algorithms used in health industry, study various prediction models for Cancer, Heart diseases, Diabetes and Brain diseases, comparative study of various machine learning algorithms used for prediction.

In the present study, 1,8-naphthalimide based derivatives were synthesized for the fluorescence determination of Phenylbutazone in an aqueous medium. The synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Fluorescent organic nanoparticles N4 developed from compound 4 were further evaluated for their sensing activity towards various drug molecules. The photophysical studies of N4 exhibited selective behaviour towards Phenylbutazone with increment in the fluorescence emission profile; however no such alteration was noticed for other drug molecules. To gain more insight towards the recognition behaviour, titrations were performed and the results elucidated the linear binding towards Phenylbutazone. A series of competitive experiments showed that the present sensor selectively recognized Phenylbutazone among competing drug molecules. The sensor can detect Phenylbutazone efficiently upto a detection limit of 20 nM. The real sample analysis for the present work has also been performed and the results reveal that our sensor can efficiently determine Phenylbutazone in commercially available tablets.

The present work depicts the development of a probe based on the organic-inorganic framework that sensitively and selectively recognized furosemide in aqueous medium. An organic receptor 1 is prepared using 1, 8-naphthalic anhydride and diethylenetriamine and the product are further reacted with 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The receptor is processed into fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs); unfortunately, these FONs have not shown any promising sensor activity. The FONs are used as platform for the attachment of gold nanoparticles and the resultant hybrid nanoparticles (H1) are characterized. Hybrid nanoparticles are evaluated for their photophysical studies with fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous medium and the studies revealed that hybrid nanoparticles selectively recognize furosemide in aqueous medium. The sensor has shown competitive binding for furosemide and no other tested drug has posed any interference in the detection of furosemide. The titrations are performed with furosemide and the lowest detection limit calculated is 551 nM.

The use of fluorescent organic nanoparticles for the determination of metal ions is highly significant. Among other analytical techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy finds significance due to high sensitivity, selectivity and ease of operation. A ligand 1 was synthesized using 1,8-naphthalic anhydride and triethylenetetramine and it was further processed into organic nanoparticles that displayed excellent sensing properties for selective detection of Cr3+ ion in aqueous medium using fluorescence spectroscopy. The sensor for Cr3+ ion showed competitive binding as no other metal ions caused interference in detection of Cr3+ ion. To check the efficacy of the sensor, titrations were performed with addition of Cr3+ ion in small aliquots and it efficiently detects Cr3+ ion with a detection limit of 64 nM. The mechanism behind the Cr3+ ion detection was studied using DFT calculations, which showed that chromium gets electrons from the nitrogen part of triethylenetetramine which resulted in inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) that led to an increase in the fluorescence profile.

The period of British rule from 1757 to 1900 is marked by major sociopolitical changes and scientific breakthroughs that impacted medical systems, institutions, and practitioners in India. In addition, historians have debated whether the colonial regime used Western medicine as a tool to expand and legitimize its rule. This paper reviews the secondary literature on this subject with emphasis on the individual physicians. During this period, the practice of "Doctory" or Western medicine gained momentum in India, buoyed with the support of the British as well as Western-educated Indians. Many Indians were trained in Western medicine and employed by the administration as "native doctors" in the subordinate medical service, and the superior medical service by and large comprised Europeans. The colonial regime gradually withdrew most of its patronage to the indigenous systems of medicine. The practitioners of these systems, the vaidyas and the hakims, suffered significant loss of prestige against Western medicine's claims of being a more rational "superior" system of medicine. Some of them became purists and defended and promoted their systems, while others adopted the methods and ideas of Western medicine into their education and practice. European doctors now rarely interacted with practitioners of Indian systems, but seriously pursued research into medicinal plants and tropical diseases. There is no mention of specialist physicians in this period, and all physicians and surgeons were generalists. Folk practitioners continued to be popular among the masses.

The exponential growth in the amount of data gathered from various sources has resulted in the need for more efficient algorithms to quickly analyze large datasets. Clustering techniques, like K-Means are useful in analyzing data in a parallel fashion. K-Means largely depends upon a proper initialization to produce optimal results. K-means++ initialization algorithm provides solution based on providing an initial set of centres to the K-Means algorithm. However, its inherent sequential nature makes it suffer from various limitations when applied to large datasets. For instance, it makes k iterations to find k centres. In this paper, we present an algorithm that attempts to overcome the drawbacks of previous algorithms. Our work provides a method to select a good initial seeding in less time, facilitating fast and accurate cluster analysis over large datasets.

Service registries are used by web service providers to publish services and registries are used by requestors to find them in an SOA (Service Oriented Architecture). The following drawbacks are presented in the main existing service registry specifications, UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration). First, only abstract, unscalable and inefficient definition of the web services publications is present in all UBR (Universal Business Registry) nodes. Second, it matches only the business name and service name given in the WSDL document to collect service information. In order to overcome these difficulties, author have proposed an efficient and effective UDDI architecture called E-UDDI, which extends the UDDI design by incorporating a QoS in additional bag in the business entity data structure. Moreover, to enable service customer for easily finding more appropriate service information, an effective service matching mechanism is adopted in the E-UDDI so that the user can take the decisions. Service discovery and publishing is improved considerably in the proposed system by means of an effective UDDI registry with flexible and more suitable service searching facility.

In our earlier work, we defined criteria-based web service CBWS as a service which has 'criteria' associated with it. Criteria are a set of properties and are a part of non-functional properties NFPs of a service. Composite web services invoke one or more additional web services and combine their functionality to fulfil the user's requirement. In this paper, we propose that a composite service be able to invoke CBWS. To support this, our proposed approach is to extend the Business Process Execution Language BPEL to extended BPEL X-BPEL by introducing new activities which help to get the criteria information from the user before invoking CBWS. It is possible that more than one CBWS satisfies the criteria specified by the user. Upon finding these services, the user is given this list of web services to choose any one of them. This dialogue is supported by new activities in X-BPEL. The extensions are defined in the X-BPEL schema.