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The title compound, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, was synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 9-bromo­anthracen-2-ylium with pyridin-4-ylboronic acid., The title compound, C19H13N, which crystallizes in the monoclinic C2/c space group with one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, was synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 9-bromo­anthracene with pyridin-4-ylboronic acid and purified by column chromatography on silica gel. Light-yellow crystals of 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-pyridine suitable for X-ray diffraction were collected by the solvent evaporation method. In the crystal, pairs of mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular C—H⋯π (pyridine) inter­actions [d(H7⋯Cg) = 2.7391 (2) Å], forming cyclic centrosymmetric dimers, further resulting in an infinite one-dimensional linear chain along the c-axis direction. Weak face-to-face π–π stacking inter­actions [d(Cg⋯Cg) = 3.6061 (2) Å] link neighboring lamellar networks into the supra­molecular structure.

Thermal and time regularities of oilseed rape straw (OS) liquefaction to produce bio-polyol were investigated by changing reaction temperature and time. When liquefying OS at 150 °C for 40 min, 98.4% of bio-polyol and 0.8% of residue are obtained. Liquefied products were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Two dimensional correlate spectroscopy (2D-COS) IR, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) to explore underlying regularities. OS degradation is promoted from 100 to 150 °C or from 10 to 40 min, but re-polymerization becomes more active when increased temperature or time continuously. OS components containing potential reactive groups are transformed into bio-polyol while ash is concentrated in residue. Conversion of C O and C C groups needs lower temperature or short time than transforming of C–H and O–H groups. C–C and aromatic ring (−Ar−) are most active towards temperature and time as external perturbation respectively. Bio-polyol degrades or evaporates in five regions between 30 and 600 °C and is composed of four parts of components with different molecular weight (Mw). This research is valuable to guide biomass conversion and bio-polyol application, which gives insight to use biomass efficiently and environmentally.

Citric acid (CA) has been widely investigated as a modifier for biomass adsorbents in wastewater treatment, but utilization of the filtrate from this process has never been scrutinized by now. The present study provided an effective method to utilize the filtrate collected from the process of CA modified bamboo shoot shell (BSS). The dissolved fibers of BSS (CA-BSSF) in the filtrate were blended with chitosan (CS) to prepare the composite adsorbent (CA-BSSF/CS) for Cu2+ adsorption. FTIR and SEM were used to characterize this new adsorbent. The adsorption performances of Cu2+ on CA-BSSF/CS were evaluated by batch process. The results showed that a better Cu2+ adsorption capacity of CA-BSSF/CS than CS. The adsorption process could be well described by the Freundlich isotherm and the kinetic of adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The adsorption reaction was a spontaneous process and would happen at low temperature. Reuse studies revealed that the adsorption capacity of CA-BSSF/CS did not change significantly after repeated use 5 times compared with the fresh one. This suggests that the CA-BSSF/CS is a suitable sorbent for the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution.

Four kinds of agricultural wastes (oilseed rape straw (OS), rice straw (RS), wheat straw (WS) and corn stover (CS)) liquefied polyols were used to replace petroleum based polyol and prepare bio-based polyurethane (PU) foam successfully. The effect of NCO/OH ratio on PU foaming process and foams properties, such as density, compressive strength, elastic modulus, morphological structure, storage modulus (E’), glass transition temperature (Tg), water absorption ability and chemical structure, was investigated respectively. It is confirmed that CS based polyol appears the highest activity to react with pMDI, while reactivity of OS based polyol is the lowest. Foams made with NCO/OH ratio among 1.4–1.7 appear excellent morphological, physical, mechanical, water absorption and chemical properties, which are comparable with or even better than those of petroleum polyol based PU foams.