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The growing need for sustainable technologies has attracted considerable interest in the synthesis of ecofriendly materials. This paper reports the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of...

Purpose of Study: The purpose of the study is to investigate the dark side of artificial intelligence followed by the question of whether AI is programmed to do something destructive or AI is programmed to do something beneficial? Methodology: A study of different biased Super AI is carried out to find the dark side of AI. In this paper SRL (system review of literature approach methodology is used and the data is collected from the different projects of MIT’s media lab named “Norman AI”, “Shelley” and AI-generated algorithm COMPAS. Main Finding: The study carried out the result if AI is trained in a biased way it will create havoc to mankind. Implications/Applications: The article can help in developing super-AIs which can benefit the society in a controlled way without having any negative aspects. Novelty/originality of the study: Our findings ensure that biased AI has a negative impact on society.

Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are successfully synthesized from aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) through a simple novel route using the leaf extract of Cannabis sativa. The results obtained from UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform-infrared) spectroscopy, XRD (X-ray diffraction), DLS (dynamic light scattering) SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SAED (selected area electron diffraction) and AFM (atomic force microscopy) indicate towards the formation of stable, spherical and crystalline SNPs in the size range of 13–25 nm with absorbance peak at 392 nm. Further, various antibiotic alone and with SNPs have been tested against different pathogenic microorganisms and the results show that control of pathogenic microorganisms is more when antibiotics are mixed with SNPs. Keywords: Cannabis sativa, SNPs, TEM, AFM, Antibiotic

From the last decade, the development of a generic model for memristive systems which simulates the biologically inspired nervous system of living beings is one of the most attracting aspects due to its capability to resolve the problems in the field of artificial neural network. Here, a generic, non-linear analytical memristive model which is based on interfacial switching mechanism has been discussed for neuromorphic computation applications. The proposed model has the capability to simulate the high-density neural network of biological synapses that regulates the communication efficacy among neurons and can implement the learning capability of neurons. Further, the proposed model is the parallel connection of the rectifier and memristor which covers the better non-linear profile along with non-ideal effects with rectifying nature in its pinched hysteresis loop in the resistive switching characteristics. Moreover, proposed model shows the significant low values of maximum error deviation (MED) ~ 4.44 % for Y2O3-based and ~ 4.5 % for WO3-based memristive systems, respectively in its neuromorphic characteristics with respect to the corresponding experimental results. Therefore, the proposed analytical memristive model can be utilized to develop the memristive system for real-world applications based on neuromorphic behaviors of any memristive systems.

Biofilm formation on the surface of medical devices, such as artificial prosthetics and catheters, are serious challenges to biomedical science. Most conventional methods, such as antibiotic therapy and medical device replacement, have failed because of low efficiency in medical environments. In the present study, we aimed to prevent infection by human pathogensThe AgNPs were synthesized using aqueous extract ofAgNPs were 15 nm-35 nm in size and crystallized in a face-centred-cubic structure. Furthermore, the AgNPs coating on glass surfaces were bactericidal.This study suggested that phytosynthesized AgNPs capped with various biomolecules present in leaf extracts ofتُعتبر التكونات الحيوية الرقيقة والعدوى البكتيرية على سطح المعدات الطبية مثل الأطراف الاصطناعية وأنابيب القشطرة تحد خطير لعلم الطب الحيوي. فشلت أغلب الطرق التقليدية مثل العلاج بالمضادات الحيوية واستبدال المعدات الطبية بسبب ضعف فاعليتهم في البيئة الطبية. استهدفنا في هذه الدراسة منع الإصابة بالعدوى ببكتيريا ستافيلوكوكس إبيديرميدس (٣٥٩٨٤) وبكتيريا ستافيلوكوكس أوريوس (٧٤٠) المسببتين للأمراض والمعروفتين بأنهما سلالتان تشاركان في إصابات بشرية ومقاومتان للعلاج بالمضادات الحيوية٬ وذلك باستخدام طلاء الجسيمات النانونية الفضية المصنعة نباتيا.تم تصنيع الجسيمات النانونية الفضية باستخدام المستخلص المائي لأوراق بيربرس أيشياتيكا، وتم تمييزها باستخدام جهاز التحليل الطيفي فوق البنفسجي، وجهاز حيود الأشعة السينية، وجهاز “فورييه” لتحويل طيف الأشعة تحت الحمراء، والمجهر الإلكتروني المسحي، ومجهر القوة الذرّية، والتحليل الطيفي المبني على تشتت الطاقة، والمجهر الإلكتروني الانتقالي وحيود الإلكترون لمنطقة محددة. وقد تم عد خلايا البكتيريا الحية باستخدام عداد المستعمرات الرقمي.أظهرت النتائج بأن الجسيمات النانونية الفضية كانت في النطاق الحجمي ١٥-٣٥ نانومتر، وكانت متبلورة على شكل بنية مكعبة مركزية الوجوه. إضافة إلى ذلك فإن طلاء الجسيمات النانونية الفضية على الأسطح الزجاجية تسبب في نشاط فاعل قاتل للبكتيريا.تشير هذه الدراسة إلى أن الجسيمات النانونية الفضية المصنعة نباتيا والمتوجة بجزيئات حيوية مختلفة موجودة في مستخلص أوراق بيربرس أيشياتيكا المطلية على سطح زجاجي تساعد على منع عدوى المعدات الطبية ببكتيريا ستافيلوكوكس إبيديرميدس وبكتيريا ستافيلوكوكس أوريوس. وبذلك فإن طلاء الأسطح الزجاجية بالجسيمات النانونية الفضية المصنعة نباتيا قد يوفر عاملا فاعلا مضادا للبكتيريا في علاج عدوى الجهاز الطبي.

In continuation of the efforts for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green chemistry route, here we report a facile bottom-up ‘green’ route for the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous leaves extract of Urtica dioica (Linn.). The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Zeta-sizer and Zeta-potential, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The results obtained from various characterizations revealed that AgNPs were in the size range of 20–30 nm and crystallized in face-centered-cubic structure. The antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Salmonella typhimurium) bacterial pathogens was demonstrated by synthesized nanoparticles. Further, synergistic effects of AgNPs with various antibiotics were evaluated against above mentioned bacterial pathogens. The results showed that AgNPs in combination with antibiotics have better antibacterial effect as compared with AgNPs alone and hence can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria. The maximum effect, with a 17.8 fold increase in inhibition zone, was observed for amoxicillin with AgNPs against S. marcescens proving the synergistic role of AgNPs. Therefore, it may be used to augment the activities of antibiotics.

Synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from medicinal plants is an emerging and eco-friendly biosynthetic route. An aqueous extract of Picrasma quassioides (P. quassioides) leaves was used for the synthesis of AgNPs. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using different methods, namely; ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The UV–Vis spectrum of the synthesized AgNPs showed absorption peak at 412 nm. The FTIR study provides evidence for the occurrence of possible biomolecules responsible for the reduction of silver ions to a zero-valent metal as well as capping agent that helps in increasing the stability of the fabricated AgNPs. The XRD pattern analysis revealed peaks at 38.35° (111), 46.75° (200), 64.65° (220) and 77.75° (311) corresponding to the diffraction facets of silver. TEM, AFM and SEM analysis showed that the AgNPs were almost spherical in shape with an average size of 5–40 nm. Cytotoxic and radiosensitization potential of AgNPs formulation was determined on HepG-2 cell lines.

Today, discharge of hazardous dyes from textile industries in water bodies like lakes, rivers and groundwater has become a serious problem, which contributes to increase their pollution levels significantly. These pollutants are difficult to remove by traditional water treatment procedures. Thus, there is a need to develop more suitable methods of effluent treatment. Here, we describe use of green-synthesized nanostructured silver particles in degradation of hazardous dyes like Safranine O, Methyl red, Methyl orange and Methylene blue etc. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) used as nanocatalysts were synthesized using Zanthoxylum armatum leaves. The reduction of silver ions and the formation of AgNPs have been assessed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. DLS, SEM–EDX, TEM, SAED and XRD studies revealed that the AgNPs were crystalline in nature with size range from 15 to 50nm. The report emphasizes that the AgNPs are observed to be an excellent catalyst on reduction of hazardous dyes, which is confirmed by a decrease in absorbance maximum values.

Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is gaining more importance owing to its simplicity, economical, sustainable route of synthesis of nanoparticles and ecofriendliness. Based on the search to improve and protect the environment by decreasing the use of toxic chemicals and eliminating biological risks in biomedical applications, the present article reports an environment friendly and unexploited methods for biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Raphanus sativus leaf extract. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The absorption spectrum of the dark brown color silver colloids showed a single and prominent peak at 431nm, indicating the presence of AgNPs. Further, catalytic degradation of methylene blue (organic dye) by using AgNPs was measured spectrophotometrically. The results revealed that biosynthesized AgNPs was found to be impressive in degrading methylene blue and can be used in water purification systems.