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A microparticle counter based on a metal mesh device was developed. The metal mesh device had a lattice-shaped structure with well-regulated holes of 1.8 μm. The collection percentages of differently sized microparticles using the metal mesh device were determined by flow cytometry. The cut-off point and hole size of the metal mesh device were identical. Polystyrene microparticles were detected from changes in the spectroscopic properties of the metal mesh device. When microparticles were trapped on the holes of the metal mesh device, the transmittance in the infrared spectra decreased. Microparticles smaller than the holes were not detected by the metal mesh device, whereas 2 and 3 μm microparticles were detected. Polystyrene and silica microparticles could be counted using the metal mesh device via calibration curves between the concentration of microparticles and the change level in the transmittance of the metal mesh device. The separation of microparticles from a mixture suspension using the metal mesh device was evaluated. Unlike a microfiber filter, only 2 μm microparticles were collected from coexisting 1 μm microparticles by the metal mesh device. Owing to its high separation ability, the metal mesh device selectively detected 2 μm microparticles in coexisting 10-equivalence 1 μm microparticles.

One of the major issue faced by the construction industry is the degradation of structures due to different loads acting on the structure. So retrofitting and rehabilitation has become quite inevitable and it can help in regaining the original strength of the structure. Use of ferrocement is an effective method and it is used in developed countries as it is considerably cheap and materials of construction are easily available. Ferrocement is a system of construction using reinforced mortar or plaster applied over an armature of metal mesh, woven expanded-metal or metal-fibers and closely spaced thin steel rods such as rebar. The skill required is of low level and it has superior strength properties as compared to conventional reinforced concrete. The main drawback of ferrocement is corrosion. Thus to avoid corrosion stainless steel jacketing is employed for rehabilitation within the study that opens the scope for a new jacketing methodology.

In this study, warp-knitted metal mesh fabric was used as the research object, and its mechanical loading behavior under uniaxial and biaxial stress loading states was studied. The relationship and connection between the effective elastic modulus of its anisotropic structure was studied with different loading angles of stress as variables. The results showed that there were differences in the mechanical properties and effective elastic modulus under these loading angles, and there was a linear relationship between the effective elastic modulus of the metal mesh with the same warp-knitted structure under different directions of stress, which will provide a theoretical basis for broadening its application in the field of anchor spray support, flexible wearable electronic devices, satellite antennas, water filter walls and other applications.

Flexible transparent conductive films are indispensable for nowadays wearable electronic devices with various applications. However, existing solutions such as ITO and metal mesh were limited by their poor intrinsic stretching ability. In this work, we designed and fabricated silver nanowires (AgNWs) on graphene hybrid films for enhanced mechanical and electrical performance. In situ TEM characterizations show that, beside conductive paths, silver nanowire network, can also contribute to the toughening mechanisms of the hybrid films. Furthermore, bending and electrical tests were applied to examine the corresponding flexible electronics’ performance. Finally, we showed that the fabrication of our AgNW/graphene hybrid films could be scaled up for large film applications and extended to other 1D/2D hybrid systems.

In this paper, the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness results of the plain weave composite fabric and the analytical solution of metal mesh were investigated. The composite fabric made of cotton yarns twisted with 50 mu m copper filaments was used in the experiment. As the fabric was weaved and stretched, it had square shaped apertures which had length of 1.2 mm. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of these fabrics was measured in the frequency range of 1.7-2.6 GHz via WR430 waveguide system. In order to model the shielding results of the aforementioned fabric, an analytical solution which facilitates to calculate shielding effectiveness of metal mesh, was taken into consideration. Due to the physical similarity between the fabric geometry and metal mesh structure, the values of fabric characteristics were substituted in analytical solution. A statistical approach showed that the measured SE results of plain weave composite fabric fitted in the analytical solution for metal mesh in 1.82-2.6 GHz frequency range with strength of 30-36 dB. Thus, depending on desired shielding efficiency the physical texture of shielding fabric can be determined analytically.

In order to predict the erosion life and erosion failure time of the metal mesh, based on the rotating erosion experiments under different working conditions, the erosion mass loss of the metal mesh under different factors was measured by the weight loss method and the erosion mathematical prediction model was put forward. The erosion wear mechanism of the single-layer metal mesh was explored by using electron microscope scanner and optical microscope. The results show that the erosion rate increases exponentially with the increase of liquid velocity (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 m/s). When the solid mass fraction (0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8%) and erosion Angle is 15°–45°, the erosion rate is proportional to the solid mass fraction and erosion Angle. After erosion, the mesh samples suffered different degree of pitting corrosion, ploughing and cutting wear, and the mesh wear was local wear. Compared with the experimental value, the error of the erosion mathematical model is less than 20%, which has a certain reliability, and has an important reference significance for guiding the production control of sand oil Wells.

Liquid-jet impact on porous, relatively thin solids has a variety of applications in heat transfer, filtration, liquid-fuel atomization, incontinence products, and solid-substrate erosion, among others. Many prior studies focused on liquid-jet impact on impermeable substrates, and some have investigated the hydraulic jump phenomenon. In the present work, the liquid jet strikes a superhydrophobic, permeable, metal mesh orthogonally, and the radial spreading and throughflow of the liquid are characterized. The prebreakthrough hydraulic jump, the breakthrough velocity, and the postbreakthrough spatial distributions of the liquid are investigated by varying the liquid properties (density, surface tension, and viscosity) and the openness of the metal mesh. The hydraulic jump radius in the prebreakthrough regime increases with jet velocity and is independent of the liquid properties and mesh geometry (pore size, wire diameter and pitch). The breakthrough velocity increases with surface tension of the liquid and decreases with the mesh opening diameter and liquid viscosity. A simple analytical model predicts the jet breakthrough velocity; its predictions are in accordance with the experimental observations. In the postbreakthrough regime, as the jet velocity increases, the liquid flow rate penetrating the mesh shows an initially steep increase, followed by a plateau, which is attributed to a Cassie-Baxter-to-Wenzel transition at the impact area of the mesh.

Optically transparent electromagnetic applications, such as EMC windows, require high optical transparency (OT) while maintaining good electrical performance which is difficult to achieve due to trade-off between them. This paper presents a feasibility study on transparent electrodes (TE) for transparent EMI shielding applications. The proposed TEs are metal mesh film and saltwater representing solid and liquid TEs, respectively. The electrical and optical characterizations of the TEs are experimentally investigated with good agreement to numerical simulation. The MMF shows an average OT of 68.4% and strong SE of 31.4 dB, whereas the saltwater has an excellent average OT of 91.8% which is significantly higher than the conventional TEs. Moreover, the SE of planar saltwater is maintained above 22 dB with only 3 mm of thickness at the C-band (salinity 200 ppt) and it can be significantly improved by an increase in the thickness of the planar saltwater. The results prove that the proposed TEs can be considered as potential candidates for transparent electromagnetic shielding applications for different purposes.

An electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with high energy can damage electronic equipment instantly within a wide range of thousands of kilometers. Generally, a metal plate placed inside a thick concrete wall is used against an EMP, but it is not suitable for an EMP shielding window, which requires not only strong shielding effectiveness (SE) but also optical transparency (OT). In this paper, we propose a very thin and optically transparent structure with excellent SE for EMP shielding window application. The proposed structure consists of a saltwater layer held between two glass substrates and two metal mesh layers on the outside of the glass, with a total thickness of less than 1.5 cm. The SE and OT of the structure are above 80 dB and 45%, respectively, which not only meet the requirement of EMP shielding for military purposes but also retain the procedure of good observation. Moreover, the OT of the structure can be significantly improved using only one metal mesh film (MMF) layer, while the SE is still maintained high to satisfy the required SE for home applicants. With the major advantages of low cost, optical transparency, strong SE, and flexible performance, the proposed structure can be considered a good solution for transparent EMP shielding windows.

In this study, renewable biofuels (ethanol and n-butanol) were utilized to synthesize carbon nanotubes on substrate of inexpensive metal mesh (copper alloy and nickel) using inverse diffusi...

By using standardized Waveforms C and D, this study explored the lightning strike protection (LSP) effectiveness of nickel coated carbon fiber nonwoven veils (Ni-CFNVs) on protecting the carbon fiber composite structures in Zone 2 (aircraft lightning zoning). The post-lightning damage was evaluated by visual inspection, ultrasonic scan and residual strength test. Results showed that the Ni-CFNV of 70 g/m2 eliminated lightning strike damage inflicted by both waveforms and it even performed better than the commercial expanded copper foil of 73 g/m2. Therefore, the Ni-CFNV will be a promising alternative to metal mesh for eliminating lightning strike damage to the structures in Zone 2. The remarkable LSP effectiveness of Ni-CFNV can be explained by its integration of high electrical conductivity of Ni-coating and prominent ablation resistance of carbon fiber. The experiments indicate that not only the electrical conductivity, but also the ablation resistance of LSP layer greatly influences the LSP effectiveness.

Nature-inspired structures as transparent conducting electrodes are exciting alternatives to conventional TCEs because they provide higher transmittance and conductivity at low temperatures on flexible substrates. The current work is focussed to develop a metal mesh structure with the help of plant leaf vein as a template. Bilayer metal mesh of thickness 85%) and electrical resistivity of the order of 10−4 Ω cm. The metal mesh TCE based on leaf vein template opens up new ways of obtaining large charge transfer resolving the junction resistance problem encountered in case of metal nanowires.

Water management is a critical issue to be solved efficiently for an air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The cell performance decreases sharply once the water flooding occurs. In this paper, a novel strategy of water removal is proposed by incorporating a functional self-made expanded metal mesh, which can be used as the cathode flow field in a DMFC. Experiments show that water can be directly discharged in the form of water film or water line from the water outlet to the bottom underneath the expanded mesh. The water management can be further improved by using absorbent cottons, suitable feed rates and an upright texture direction of the metal mesh. Results also show that only a few mesh openings are blocked by water when the tested device tilts from 60° to 120°. In a real DMFC, the expanded mesh displays an excellent ability in water removal compared to the traditional perforated flow fields. The cathode water only gathers at the bottom and covers very few mesh openings. This new method helps efficiently avoid the issue of water flooding at the cathode using the expanded mesh.

When proteins are attached to microstructures such as a metal mesh device, changes in their optical properties occur. These changes have been characterized based on actual measurements in the infrared region of the spectrum. We have previously theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the optical changes associated with streptavidin. Here, we investigate three types of proteins: avidin, BSA, and lysozyme. The three proteins were adsorbed onto three types of metal mesh devices having different resonant frequencies, and the corresponding spectra were measured in the infrared region. The change in the frequency of the dip point in the spectrum was extracted to quantitatively determine the quantity of protein; these results were correlated with the quantitative measurements obtained by electrophoresis. By examining three types of different proteins, it was verified that a variety of proteins can be measured based on the optical characteristics of metal mesh devices.

Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites, owing to their lightweight and strength-weight ratio, are being used in many applications to replace traditional metallic materials and their alloys. The combination of polymeric composites with metallic materials can provide a significant impact in engineering applications. This paper evaluates electromagnetic interference shielding of bimetal-carbon prepreg fibers textile composite materials. Prepreg carbon fibers and metal wire mesh are used to make electromagnetic interference shielding samples. The material samples consist of making plain weaves of metal wire mesh and carbon prepreg and stack them with prepreg carbon fiber layers. In order to produce plain woven fabrics, wefts were made of prepreg carbon fibers and warps were made of wire meshes. In each woven fabric, two yarns of different metal wire meshes were alternated one after another. The combination of conductive wire meshes such as stainless steel-copper, stainless steel-nickel, and copper-nickel in a woven fabric was considered. The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness was evaluated for each textile composite material based on ASTM 4935-99. Results showed a possible application of these materials for electromagnetic interference shielding with higher absorption. The best electromagnetic interference shielding performance was obtained for a combination of stainless steel-copper-CFRP with a shielding effectiveness of 131.6 dB. The absorption losses for all samples were about 82% of electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness. The mechanical properties and scanning electron image of fabricated samples were also investigated.

본 논문은 향후 투명 디스플레이, 스마트글래스(smart glass) 등의 그 활용도가 증가 추세에 있는 투명전극과 관련된 논문이며, 본 논문에서는 투명 안테나 등의 투명 고주파 수동소자 설계 시, 투명 디스플레이 등에 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 ITO(Indium-Tin-Oxide)을 이용한 박막형(thin film type) 투명전극의 낮은 전기...

The benefits of using wire screens to mitigate wildfire spread are well known and many standards mandate their use in wildland fire prone areas. However, some recent studies show that firebrands ca...

Special wettability material is an important material for oily wastewater treatment. Among various wettability materials, the metal mesh material showed great advantages, such as high mechanical strength, high separation efficiency, and self-cleaning properties based on recent studies. This review article firstly describes the basic mechanism of surface wettability, including the contact angle in the air (e.g. Young's mode, Wenzel's mode, and Cassie-Baxter's mode), the contact angle hysteresis, and the rolling angle. The special wettability including superhydrophobic-oleophilic, hydrophilic-oleophobic, hydrophilic-underwater oleophobic, and switchable wettability and characteristic of the fabrication method and are discussed in this paper. The properties of the various metals that can be used for oil-water separation are summarized. Moreover, the challenges faced by metal mesh materials in oil-water separation are analyzed, and future development and application have prospected.

Oil contamination from oilfield geothermal water severely restricts the efficient utilization of geothermal energy. Oil-water separation pretreatment via removing oil from water may provide a kind of possibility to mitigate the oil pollution problem. Stainless steel filtration mesh with bipolar wettability was successfully fabricated to attempt the gravity-driven separation of various oil-water mixtures. The highly hydrophilic mesh was prepared by liquid phase deposition of TiO2, and the hydrophobic mesh was realized via the subsequent modification of fluorosilane on highly hydrophilic mesh deposited by TiO2. Only with relatively small pore size, the highly hydrophilic mesh and the hydrophobic mesh were applicable for separating oil-water mixtures. Besides, microscopic morphologies, surface chemical compositions, contact angles, water wetting behaviors, water-holding capacities, abrasion test and oil collection were also investigated. In general, the modified mesh with bipolar wettability presents gravity-driven oil-water separation for various oil-water mixtures, which may have potential industry application value such as the pretreatment of oilfield geothermal water.

Biosensing of protein adsorption with metal mesh device (MMD) was investigated by computational calculations and experiments. Electromagnetic field computation was carried out with a single unit cell of MMD. Equivalent circuit model of MMD on the single unit cell was assumed, and the biosensing with MMD was analyzed in detail by computational calculation and experimental measurements. The dip frequency of MMD was shifted by adsorption of protein on MMD. The shift of dip frequency of MMD was proportional to the amount of protein adsorption. The sensitivity of MMD biosensing was dependent on the microstructure of MMD, and proportional to the square of the dip frequency. The refinement of MMD structure can improve the sensitivity of protein detection.

SiO2 film coatings were used to modify the surface of metal mesh for corrosion protection using liquid phase deposition and sol-gel methods at low temperature. Different techniques were applied to characterized the as-prepared samples. The results show an enhanced corrosion protection of the SiO2 deposited samples in comparison to the unmodified samples, as well as the SiO2 deposited sample prepared with sol gel method provides the better corrosion protection when compared with the liquid phased deposited sample, which mainly contributes to its compact morphology. The hydrophobic SiO2 coatings also exhibit excellent corrosion resistance since hydrophobic modification can hinder the contact with environment.

In this work core-shell type Ag-metal oxide particles were synthesized by coating of Ag metal on the surface of SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 particles utilizing alkylamine silver complex as Ag source. The re...

Summary Multilayered metal-mesh screens (MMSs) are widely used as standalone screens for sand control in unconsolidated formations. The nominal rating of such screens is usually determined on the basis of the specifications of the filter layer. It is often found that screens with the same filter-layer nominal rating perform differently. It is shown in this study that the primary reason for this is that the sand-retention performance of multilayered MMSs is a strong function of not only the filter layer but also the protection and the support layers. This paper presents a systematic study that shows how the overlap between different mesh layers, the alignment of the protection and support layers, and the relative pore-size ratio, defined as the ratio of pore size of the protection/support layer to that of the filter layer, have a large impact on the sand-retention performance of an MMS. The pore-size distribution (PoSD) of multilayered plain-square-mesh (PSM) and plain-Dutch-weave (PDW) screens is calculated with a novel numerical technique. Influences of screen sintering, coupon sampling, and screen designs on the PoSD of a screen are modeled by varying the layer overlap, shifting the layer alignment, and modifying the design of the protection and support layers. The PoSD data are used as an input into an analytical model for evaluating sand production of PSM screens in slurry-type sand-retention tests (SRTs) for screen-design optimization. For PSM screens, the results show that the PoSD of a multilayered screen can be very different from the PoSD of the filter layer. In general, a decrease in sand production with an increase in layer overlap is observed; the trend exists irrespective of how mesh layers are aligned. A change in mesh alignment is found to cause a variation in sand production even with the same filter-layer pore size and layer overlap. The nominal rating of the filter layer of a multilayered PSM screen should be used to estimate sand production only when the pore sizes of the protection and support layers are much larger than the pore size of the filter layer. For PDW screens, layer overlap is shown to dominate the screen performance by affecting the filter-layer pore size. The PoSD of a PDW screen is found to be less affected by variations in layer alignment and relative pore-size ratio. This study clearly shows that the layer overlap, layer alignment, and relative pore-size ratio between mesh layers can have a significant impact on the sand-retention performance of a multilayered MMS. As such, widely different screen performances can be expected for screens with the same nominal screen rating. Our results have a direct bearing on how MMSs are manufactured, selected, and specified. Increasing the relative pore-size ratio appears to be a promising screen-design approach for obtaining consistent screen performance for multilayered MMSs.

The electrical efficiency and durability of a photovoltaic (PV) cell degrades as its temperature increases. Accordingly, there have been continued efforts to control the cell temperature by cooling the PV module. Generally, passive PV cooling using heat sinks attached on the back of the PV module can improve the electrical efficiency. However, few experimental studies have evaluated the effect of the heat sink shape on PV cooling. Therefore, this study proposed a passive cooling technology using meshes made of iron and aluminum, and performed indoor tests using a solar simulator to analyze the cooling performance. The experimental results demonstrated that iron and aluminum meshes reduced the PV module temperature by approximately 4.35 °C and 6.56 °C, respectively. Additionally, numerical studies were performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to compare the cooling fins and meshes. The numerical results showed that the cooling fins exhibited a better cooling performance than the metal mesh. However, meshes can be mass-produced and have a high structural stability against wind loads. Meshes are more likely be applied to PV systems than cooling fins if adhesion were improved.

The impact of liquid droplets on permeable substrates is important for a number of applications, such as fog collection, liquid atomization, and interaction of liquids with filters and textiles. When a water droplet impacts a wettable mesh, it penetrates the mesh easily with a part of the liquid remaining pinned. On the other hand, when striking a superhydrophobic mesh, part of the water droplet may penetrate and detach from the parent droplet, depending upon the impact velocity and the relative length scales of the droplet and the mesh. In most cases, the remaining droplet would rebound from the top of the superhydrophobic mesh. In this work, we study the impact of a water droplet on a wettability-patterned mesh, with the droplet centrally impacting the wettability-contrast line between the superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic semi-infinite domains. Half of the droplet seeing the superhydrophobic domain responds to it in a fashion that differs from the half hitting the superhydrophilic mesh side. This creates a wide range of post-impact scenarios, depending on the impact conditions and the relative characteristics of the droplet and the mesh. The difference in mesh wettability leads to a net unbalanced surface-tension force that makes the droplet rebound with a horizontal momentum component directed from the non-wettable to the wettable side. Some part of the droplet may even detach during such directional rebounding (i.e., vectoring). Along with the experimental results, a simplified analytical model is presented, which differentiates the cases of detachment or no detachment during vectoring.

Wind turbine blade with carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) beam has much better mechanism performance. However, it faces the severe problem of lightning protection due to the conductivity of CFRP. Metal mesh are installed on CFRP blades by many manufacturers in order to protect the main beam. The performance of the metal mesh was not fully tested with real blade tip. In this paper, the blade tip equipped with tip receptor and fully covered mesh are tested under both negative and positive switching impulses. The results show that the mesh has little influence on the attachment manner. The results between none-mesh GFRP and with-mesh CFRP blade is also compared.

Hybrid bump-metal mesh foil bearings (HB–MFBs) are novel gas foil bearings which comprise bump foil and metal mesh blocks in bearing substructure. HB–MFBs have the advantages of both bump-type foil bearings and metal mesh foil bearings in terms of assembly accuracy, stability and can work at high temperatures. This paper proposes a theoretical model by assembling the models of the bump foil and metal mesh blocks. A prototype bearing was manufactured to measure the lift-off speed, drag torque and temperature. The bearing performance with respect to mesh density, journal speed and applied load were predicted and analysed. The influence of Coulomb friction and mesh density on bearing stability with respect to friction coefficient and applied load was also discussed.

A lunar roving vehicle is of great significance in the processing of manned lunar exploration for long-duration space exploration missions. The mechanical model of the lunar roving vehicle’s wheel directly affects the mobility performance. However, the wheel of lunar roving vehicle is a special one with the metal mesh surface, and the soil can penetrate through its surface. In this paper, the mechanical model of a rigid normal wheel is deduced, and four stress correction coefficients are introduced to obtain the mechanical model of the lunar roving vehicle’s wheel. These four stress correction coefficients are identified in several groups of experiment of the lunar roving vehicle’s wheel, and using the functional coefficients can have a high precision for the mechanical model of the lunar roving vehicle’s wheel.

Metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs) are novel gas foil bearings with lower manufacturing costs and higher inherent material energy dissipation ability than traditional bump-type foil bearings. To improve the design guidelines of MMFBs and predict bearing performance, a compact theoretical model is presented by considering the metal mesh substructure as assembled springs and dry friction joints. The proposed analytical model considers the effects of several factors such as relative density, wire diameter, geometrical size, and radial interference of the metal mesh substructure. The predicted stiffness coefficients, which take the dry friction effect into account, show strong nonlinear characteristics with the increasing displacement and have a significant difference between the loading and unloading process. A series of static load tests are conducted to verify the theoretical model of MMFBs. The hysteresis loops of static load versus bearing deflection with respect to the different relative densities...

In this study, we designed electromagnetic shielding fabrics (EMSFs) that consist of composite yarn containing stainless steel fibers. Ten EMSFs with different metal fiber contents and metal grid sizes were examined as research specimens, and tests were conducted to determine electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) and wearability indices. The indices were analyzed and the comprehensive performances of the EMSFs evaluated with the fuzzy matter-element method. Experimental results show that the EMSE improved and fabric wearability worsened when metal fiber content increased and metal grid size decreased. Moreover, fuzzy matter-element evaluation findings suggested that the best comprehensive performance was observed in the composite fabric containing 11.71% metal and whose metal mesh measures 1.41 mm2; these features reflect the maximum Euclid approach degree.

We evaluated the filtration performance of microporous metal membranes fabricated by the rolling process. Metal wire meshes were rolled with thickness reduction ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. The pore size of the metal wire mesh membrane decreased with increasing rolling ratio, whereas the removal efficiency of the suspended solids and turbidity showed a very slight increase compared to that of an unrolled mesh membrane. The metal powder was dispersed on the surface of the rolled metal wire mesh membrane and bound with polyvinyl alcohol, then dried at 100°C for 1 h, and finally sintered at 1,000°C for 3 h. The mean pore size, suspended solids, and turbidity of the metal powder membrane at a rolling ratio of 30% were approximately 0.7 μm, 84% and 83%, respectively. Therefore, microporous metal membranes successfully fabricated by the rolling process were also sufficiently permeable filters.

Summary Discrete-element-method (DEM) simulations were shown to be useable for selecting screens with simple geometries (e.g., wire-wrap screens) under prepack test conditions (Mondal et al. 2011). Metal mesh screens (MMSs) (commonly referred to as premium screens) can have multiple (sometimes sintered) layers with different weave patterns. Any model for estimating sand production in such screens must account for these complexities. The objective of this paper is to explore different techniques to create accurate representations of complex filter media and to use them in numerical simulations and/or analytical models for improved screen selection. In this paper, we used computed-tomography (CT) images of real-screen coupons to construct 3D replicas of two MMS types: plain square mesh (PSM) and plain Dutch weave (PDW). An entirely computer-based method of creating 3D screen assemblies is also presented. These virtual screens were compared and validated against those generated from the CT images. We conducted DEM simulations of prepack tests through these multilayer MMS assemblies. The retention efficiency of MMSs for different particle sizes was also calculated for better slurry-test modeling. We quantitatively showed that the effective size of MMS assemblies can be significantly lower than the nominal rating of the filter layer. This paper augments the prepack-test and slurry-test models for mesh-type screens presented earlier (Mondal et al. 2012; Chanpura et al. 2013). Determination of the retention efficiency of MMSs, which is currently characterized by a single filter-cut point, is also a step forward in quality assurance and quality control of these screens. Finally, we demonstrate that one can conduct in-depth screen design and optimization studies with virtual meshes in a consistent way and at a fraction of the cost and time that would be required otherwise by use of conventional experimental techniques.

The application of flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearings (FPTPGBs) with metal mesh dampers (MMDs) in parallel in high-performance oil-free turbomachineries has been considered because of their high effective damping level and adequate compliance to the variations in rotor geometry. This study proposes a comprehensive theoretical model of these bearings by coupling the FPTPGB model and MMD model. The effects of many parameters, including damper mesh density, pad radial stiffness, MMD radial interference, bearing nominal clearance and pad preload, are discussed. Results show that the direct damping coefficients of the bearings in this study are higher than those of FPTPGBs.

The electrochemical part of the transfer function of an electrochemical transducer is studied. The transduction processes are simulated, the processing of the mechanical signal in time is shown, and the electrochemical part of the transfer function of the electrochemical transducer with mesh electrodes is calculated. We also measured directly the electrochemical part of the transfer function of an electrochemical transducer with mesh electrodes by direct control of the mechanical flow of electrolyte in the channel of the transducer. A good agreement of the calculations with the experiment was found. The method of a priori estimation of the electrochemical efficiency of a transducing element, irrespective of which hydromechanical oscillatory system it is built in, is extremely important for the development of microelectronic electrochemical devices.

This paper evaluates the thermal-hydraulic performance of flat-plate solar air heaters having roughened ducts using different turbulence generators. About 220 roughened ducts have been selected from the literature based on the availability of experimental f-factor and Nusselt number data. In particular, roughness elements are rectangular/square ribs, arc/wavy ribs, V-shaped ribs, wedge-shaped ribs, protrusions, and metal mesh. To assess the performance of different solar air heaters, collector efficiency (as a function of useful energy and pumping power) and entropy generation are estimated. The optimal duct is chosen based on the maximum collector efficiency and the minimum entropy generation and hence, is suggested to be a benchmark. The results show that the Reynolds number range of 10000 –16000 is recommended to be used for operating solar air heaters to get the optimal performance. The solar duct GKS3 is found to have the optimal performance when Re 16000, the solar collector GB5 is found to have optimal performance.

Previously unattainable success in using a single superwetting mesh to separate oil/water mixtures of various densities was achieved via 2D → 3D conversion of superwetting mesh. Unlike 2D superwetting mesh, 3D mesh container allows both oil and water to touch the container wall, ensuring the passage of wetting phase through the mesh. By properly pumping out the non-wetting phase accumulated in the container, continuous oil/water separation can be realized. Experimental results demonstrate that the use of a single metal mesh only coated with the conveniently available superoleophilic-superhydrophobic materials not only realizes continuous separation of large-volume oil/water mixtures of any density ratios with high efficiency and high purity, but also shows good capacity in consecutive collection of oil from the water with the promising potential in separation of oil/water emulsions. The idea of 2D → 3D conversion of the membrane together with external pumping strategy is a novel concept for oil/water separation, which will bring technologies based on special wettability a step closer to practical applications.

The present study evaluates the influence of hybridization on the interlaminar shear and abrasive wear properties of composites manufactured with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated glass fabrics. Homogeneous composites were manufactured using two dimensional plain woven (2D), three dimensional knitted (3D) and satin weave (SW) fabrics. Hybrid composites were manufactured with the same fabrics and a steel metal mesh (MM) stacked on the top and bottom of the laminates. The interfacial property was obtained through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests. Abrasive wear tests were performed against a silicon carbide (SiC) paper of grit size 120 μm using a plate on plate apparatus. Loads ranging from 10 N to 50 N were applied at an interval of 10 N with a speed of 10 rad/s. Incorporation of MM influenced the physical properties like thickness, density and void content. Hybridization of homogeneous composites with MM improved the ILSS by 56%, 10% and 18% for 2D, 3D and SW composites, respectively. All the hybrid composites showed better wear performance in terms of coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (K0). SW and SW-MM composites exhibited better wear performance in all the wear properties as compared to the 2D, 2D-MM, 3D and 3D-MM composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the bonding between fibre and matrix could be improved in the case of 2D and 2D-MM composites.

Wearable electronics are believed to be the future of the next-generation electric devices. However, the comfort of current wearable devices is greatly limited due to the use of airtight materials, which may even lead to inflammation of the skin. Therefore, breathable, skin-friendly materials, are highly desired for wearable devices. Here, the recent progress of the breathable materials used to fabricate skin-friendly electronics is reviewed by taking triboelectric effect-based wearable electronics as a typical example. Fibers, yarns, textiles, and nanofiber membranes are the most popular dielectric materials that serve as frictional materials. Metal mesh, silver yarn, and conductive networks made up of nanomaterial are preferred as air-permissive electrodes. The breathable materials for skin-friendly wearable electronics summarized in this review provide valuable references for future fabrication of humanized wearable devices and hold great significance for the practical application of wearable devices.

In this study, we developed a new metal mesh device (MMD) sensor to quantify the amount of aerosol particles. MMDs are substrate materials consisting of thin membranes with a periodic structure on smooth surfaces that can be used to detect and separate particles. The surface structure comprises square apertures of characteristic size that bestow unique optical properties. Aerosol particles, including the damaging environmental pollutant particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), were separated based on size and captured on MMD surfaces using a small air pump. The amount of captured particles was evaluated by band shifts in infrared (IR) transmittance spectra. Furthermore, bacterial genomic DNA attached to aerosol particles could be extracted with high yield, and extracted DNA resulted in bacterial constitution, as demonstrated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of bacterial 16S ribosomal DNA. MMD sensors were used to analyze aerosol particles from suburbs of Kenya and Japan. The results provided information on the bacterial biota of the environment in each local area, and pathogenic bacteria were identified. The results suggest that MMD sensors are useful tools for epidemiological and environmental studies, as well as quality control applications for drugs, fine chemicals, and food components.

A metal mesh device has a structure in which through-holes of the same shape are periodically placed on a thin metal film, and the selection of such a structure makes it possible to sense objects of various sizes. In this study, we showed the structure of the metal mesh device and the relationship between the detectable optical domain and the size of the objects to be measured. In addition, from measurement of changes in electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of the metal mesh device due to specific adsorption of particles with a mean diameter of 100 nm with surface modification with Streptavidin to a metal mesh device fixed with biotin, we showed that even large particles can be sensed. Based on these examinations, we showed that, by using a metal mesh device with detectable optical domain corresponding to the size of objects, even objects that are larger than protein can be sensed.

The stability of oil-free high-speed turbo-machinery can be effectively improved by increasing the damping characteristic of the gas foil bearing (GFB). Novel hybrid bump-metal mesh foil bearings (HB-MFBs) have been previously developed. Prior experimental results show that the parallel combination of bump structure and metal mesh not only can improve the structure stiffness but also provide better damping property compared with the bump-type foil structure. To investigate the dynamic behavior of floating HB-MFBs and promote its application, this study measured the dynamic force coefficients of HB-MFBs on a rotating test rig. The vibrations of HB-MFBs with different mesh densities (40%, 32.5%, and 25%) and a generation І bump-type foil bearing (BFB) with similar size are measured under static and impact loads to estimate the bearing characteristics. Static load test results show that the linear stiffness decreases when the air film is generated (from 0 rpm to 20 krpm) but increases gradually with speed (from 20 krpm to 30 krpm, and 40 krpm). Moreover, the dynamic force coefficients of HB-MFBs indicate the significant influence of metal mesh density on bearing dynamic characteristics. The growth in block density increases the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of bearing. The comparison of HB-MFB (32.5% and 40%) and BFB emphasizes the good damping characteristics of HB-MFB.

A foldable organic light-emitting diode display integrating a touch sensor is fabricated. The touch sensor has an in-cell structure where metal-mesh sensor electrodes are formed in a counter substrate. It is demonstrated that touch on the entire panel surface, including a bent portion, is detected and that the touch panel operates correctly after 100,000 folding operations with a radius of curvature of 5 mm.