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Considering alarming projections in the prevalence of periodontitis, following study was undertaken to develop chitosan-vanillin crosslinked microspheres loaded in-situ gel (MLIG) implants containing ornidazole and doxycycline hyclate for the treatment of pocket infections. Firstly, microspheres were formulated and optimized using response surface methodology for particle size 80%, in-vitro drug release (T80%) >7 days and acceptable mucoadhesion. Further, MLIG were optimized for gelation temperature of 34–37 °C and viscosity

The research aims the development and optimization of capecitabine loaded interpenetrating polymeric network by ionotropic gelation method using polymers locust bean gum and sodium alginate by QbD approach. FMEA was performed to recognize the risks influencing CQAs. BBD was applied to study the effect of factors (polymer ratio, amount of cross-linker and curing time) on responses (particle size, % drug entrapment and % drug release). Polynomial equations and 3-D graphs were plotted to relate between factors and responses. The results of the optimized batch viz. particle size (457.92 ± 1.6 μm), % drug entrapment (74.11 ± 3.1%) and % drug release (90.23 ± 2.1%) were close to the predicted values generated by Minitab® 17. Characterization techniques SEM, EDX, FTIR, DSC and XRD were also performed for the optimized batch. To study the water transport inside IPN microbeads, swelling study was done. In vitro drug release of optimized batch showed controlled drug release for 12 h. Pharmacokinetic study carried out following oral administration in Albino Wistar rats exhibited that optimized microbeads had better PK parameters than free drug. In vitro cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells revealed significant reduction of the cell growth when treated with optimized formulation indicating IPN microbeads as effective dosage form for treating colon cancer.

Aim To design, develop, optimize and evaluate sustained-release dasatinib-loaded gold nanoparticles (DSB-GNPs) to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) by using quality by design. Materials & methods In this study, we performed risk assessment, optimization, in vitro characterizations, stability study, drug release studies, cytotoxicity study and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. Results DSB-GNPs of desired size, entrapment, smooth, spherical, stable and sustained drug release for 48 h were achieved. DSB-GNPs exhibited significantly more percentage growth inhibition and enhanced systemic bioavailability compared with pure DSB. Conclusion The in vitro and in vivo evaluation exhibited that the DSB-GNPs have a potential cytotoxic effect, systemic bioavailability and sustained release making them a promising system of DSB delivery in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.

The present research deals with the optimization and preparation of aluminium ion cross-linked buoyant interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microbeads (MBs) of locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) carrying Capecitabine (CAP). The formulation was prepared by ionotropic gelation method. The optimization was done by Response Surface Methodology based Box Behnken Design (BBD) involving a significant changes or effect on responses, particle size, drug entrapment and buoyancy on varying the concentration of polymeric blend (LBG:NaAlg), cross-linker (Aluminum chloride; AlCl3) and pore former (sodium bicarbonate; NaHCO3). Finally, the best optimized batch of buoyant IPN MBs of CAP obtained through BBD was examined through different evaluations that exhibited particle size of 402.12 ± 1.9 μm, drug entrapment 82.45 ± 2.5% and % buoyancy 85.03 ± 1.1% with total floating time of greater than 10 h. The formed IPN MBs showed good buoyancy in gastric pH and better mucoadhesion in intestinal pH. The results of pharmacokinetic study displayed improved systemic circulation, bioavailability and extended plasma half-life of encapsulated CAP within polymeric shell than free CAP. To ensure the gastroretention of formed buoyant IPN MBs, the gamma scintigraphy study performed revealed the gastroretention of MBs for more than 6 h suggesting the designed and developed optimized batch is effective for gastroretention with improved bioavailability.

A combination of biopolymers sodium alginate and locust bean gum has been used to prepare an interpenetrating polymeric network of an anticancer drug Capecitabine by ionotropic gelation method. For the optimization 32 levels, a full factorial design was employed to examine the influence of independent factors, i.e. polymer ratio and cross-linker concentration on responses particle size and drug entrapment. The obtained optimized formulation was examined for solid-state characterization, swelling study, in vitro drug release, SRB study, oral toxicity study, in vivo pharmacokinetic and in vivo antitumor study. The results of all the studies performed were found suitable in extending the release of a short elimination half-life drug with improved bioavailability and suggesting it to be safe and effective for oral drug delivery in treating colon cancer.

The purpose of this research study was to develop, optimize, and characterize dasatinib loaded polyethylene glycol (PEG) stabilized chitosan capped gold nanoparticles (DSB-PEG-Ch-GNPs).Gold (III) chloride hydrate was reduced with chitosan and the resulting nanoparticles were coated with thiol-terminated PEG and loaded with dasatinib (DSB). Plackett-Burman design (PBD) followed by Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) were employed to optimize the process parameters. Polynomial equations, contour, and 3D response surface plots were generated to relate the factors and responses. The optimized DSB-PEG-Ch-GNPs were characterized by FTIR, XRD, HR-SEM, EDX, TEM, SAED, AFM, DLS, and ZP.The results of the optimized DSB-PEG-Ch-GNPs showed particle size (PS) of 24.39 ± 1.82 nm, apparent drug content (ADC) of 72.06 ± 0.86%, and zeta potential (ZP) of -13.91 ± 1.21 mV. The responses observed and the predicted values of the optimized process were found to be close. The shape and surface morphology studies showed that the resulting DSB-PEG-Ch-GNPs were spherical and smooth. The stability and in vitro drug release studies confirmed that the optimized formulation was stable at different conditions of storage and exhibited a sustained drug release of the drug of up to 76% in 48 h and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetic model.A process for preparing gold nanoparticles using chitosan, anchoring PEG to the particle surface, and entrapping dasatinib in the chitosan-PEG surface corona was optimized.

The objective of the study was to develop interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) of capecitabine (CAP) using natural polymers locust bean gum (LBG) and sodium alginate (NaAlg).The IPN microbeads were optimized by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to provide anticipated particle size with good drug entrapment efficiency. The comparative dissolution profile of IPN microbeads of CAP with the marketed preparation proved an excellent sustained drug delivery vehicle.Ionotropic gelation method utilizing metal ion calcium (CaThe particle size and % drug entrapment of the optimized batch was 494.37 ± 1.4 µm and 81.39 ± 2.9%, respectively, closer to the value predicted by Minitab 17 software. The in vitro drug release study showed sustained release of 92% for 12 h and followed anomalous drug release pattern. The derived pharmacokinetic parameters of optimized batch showed improved results than pure CAP.Thus, the formed IPN microbeads of CAP proved to be an effective extended drug delivery vehicle for the water soluble antineoplastic drug.

This research was motivated due to substantial requirement of improved treatment for breast cancer which accounts for over 0.52 million deaths annually worldwide. Utilizing nanoparticles carrying active medicaments as targeted delivery carrier is emerging as a promising approach. For a drug to be clinically effective, it needs to be suitably protected in the biological fluid till it is delivered to the targeted site. Keeping above in mind, we prepared and optimized polymeric nanoparticles by polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) a biodegradable polymer utilizing modified emulsification solvent evaporation method. The optimized formulation had particle size of 349±3.51nm with entrapment efficiency of 69±1.28%. Nanoparticle formation and its surface morphology were confirmed by various electron microscopes. The in vitro and pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a sustained release of drug in a non-biological system and into rat's bloodstream respectively. Also, the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicological evaluation at the therapeutic dose demonstrated the safety and antitumor efficacy of the formulation. Due to formulation characteristic properties, it was found to be effective in enveloping and chaperoning the drug to the suitable site of action. The PHBV-TPGS combination causes the drug to be released in controlled and sustained modes, thereby reducing drug dose and toxicity.

Long-circulating nanoparticles (NPs) are promising drug delivery vehicles which target solid tumors via enhanced permeation and retention effect. Plackett-Burman (PBD) and Box-Behnken (BBD) designs were adopted to study the effects of factors viz. polymer concentration, surfactant concentration, homogenizer speed, homogenization time and ultrasonication time on responses. A graphical and numerical optimization technique was used to obtain predicted value of the response. The drug entrapment efficiency was approximately 39±0.85%. The particle size of the nanoparticles was found to be 260±2.85nm, while the zeta potential was -18±2.12mV, indicating more stable particles. SEM, TEM, and AFM were used for characterization of surface morphology and the physicochemical characters of NPs. A pharmacokinetic evaluation carried out intravenous administration in healthy Charles Foster rats displayed enhanced systemic bioavailability and plasma drug concentration. The in vivo-in silico assessment by GastroPlus™ showed good prediction accuracy and presented best-fit model. Nanoparticles were also studied for stability testing and were found to be stable concerning their drug content and physical characters. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using MCF-7 for percentage inhibition of human breast cancer cell line. Anticancer studies of optimized NPs showed a significant increase in efficacy as observed by relative tumor volume up to 30 days.