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174 results on '"Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI)"'

1. Auxiliary soft beam for the amplification of the elasto-capillary coiling: towards stretchable electronics

Author: Arnaud Antkowiak, Sébastien Neukirch, Paul Grandgeorge, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE07-0023,Capillary_Windlass,Treuil capillaire: Exploiter les propriétés des soies d'araignée pour concevoir des micro-moteurs capillaires bioinspirés(2014), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert ( DALEMBERT ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Surface du Verre et Interfaces ( SVI ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and ANR-14-CE07-0023-01 ,ANR-14-CE07-0023-01 ,Capillary windlass: Exploiting spider thread properties to engineer bioinspired micron-sized capillary motors
Subjects: Materials science, capillarity, stretchable electronics, Capillary action, Stretchable electronics, composite materials, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Elastomer, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Colloid and Surface Chemistry, buckling, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material, Electrical conductor, business.industry, Drop (liquid), Flexural rigidity, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Electromagnetic coil, [ PHYS.MECA.MEMA ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; A flexible fiber carrying a liquid drop may coil inside the drop thereby creating a drop-on-fiber system with an ultra-extensible behaviour. During compression, the excess fiber is spooled inside the droplet and capillary forces keep the system taut, while during elongation, the fiber is gradually released and if a large number of spools is uncoiled a high stretchability is achieved. This mechanical behaviour is of interest for stretchable connectors but information, may it be electronic or photonic, usually travels through stiff functional materials and high Young's modulus, leading to large bending rigidity, prevents in-drop coiling. Here we overcome this limitation by attaching a beam of soft elastomer to the functional fiber, thereby creating a composite system which exhibits in-drop coiling and carries information while being ultra-extensible. We present a simple model to explicate the underlying mechanics of the addition of the soft beam and we show how it favors in-drop coiling. We illustrate the method with a two-centimeter long micronic PEDOT:PSS conductive fiber joined to a PVS soft beam, showing the system conveys electricity throughout a 1900% elongation.
Published: 2018
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2. In-situ synchrotron microtomography reveals multiple reaction pathways during soda-lime glass synthesis

Author: Michael J. Toplis, Julien Grynberg, Gaël Varoquaux, Michel Suéry, Marie.-Helene Chopinet, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Elin Sondergard, Luc Salvo, Marco Di Michiel, Surface du Verre et Interfaces ( SVI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), ESRF, Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data ( PARIETAL ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Service NEUROSPIN ( NEUROSPIN ), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) ( DRF (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Soda-lime glass, In situ, Materials science, education, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Silicate glass, Eutectic system, 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Intergranular corrosion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, Crystallography, Chemical engineering, Synchrotron microtomography, Ceramics and Composites, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Ultrafast synchrotron microtomography has been used to study in-situ and in real time the initial stages of silicate glass melt formation from crystalline granular raw materials. Significant and unexpected rearrangements of grains occur below the nominal eutectic temperature, and several drastically different solid-state reactions are observed to take place at different types of intergranular contacts. These reactions have a profound influence on the formation and the composition of the liquids produced, and control the formation of defects., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2012
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3. Raman Mapping of the Indentation-Induced Densification of a Soda-Lime-Silicate Glass

Author: Guillaume Kermouche, A Kassir-Bodon, Jérémie Teisseire, Bernard Champagnon, C. Martinet, Thierry Deschamps, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Surface du Verre et Interfaces ( SVI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes ( LTDS ), École Centrale de Lyon ( ECL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Constitutive equation, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Finite element method, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Soda lime, chemistry, law, Indentation, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Sample preparation, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Micro-Raman spectroscopy was used to map the Vickers indentation-induced densification on a window glass (soda-lime silicate glass), from the correlation between Raman spectrum and density. Both top surface and cross-section of the residual imprints were investigated. It is shown that the sample preparation needed for the investigation of the in-depth densification does not alter the results. The maximum densification ratio measured is about 3.8%, which is 60% of the maximum densification measured after a high-pressure hydrostatic loading. Within the experimental errors, densification maps are self-similar for the two indentation loads used 10 N and 20 N. A comparison with finite element results based on a constitutive model developed for silica is discussed.
Published: 2012
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4. Density hardening plasticity and mechanical aging of silica glass under pressure: A Raman spectroscopic study

Author: Thierry Deschamps, Damien Vandembroucq, Camille Coussa, Etienne Barthel, Antoine Perriot, Bernard Champagnon, C. Martinet, Surface du Verre et Interfaces ( SVI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes ( PMMH ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-05-BLAN-0367-01 PlastiGlass,ANR-05-BLAN-0367-01 PlastiGlass, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, and ANR-05-BLAN-0367,PLASTIGLASS,Modélisation multi-échelles et techniques micro-spectroscopiques pour l'étude de la plasticité des verres(2005)
Subjects: Glass structure, Materials science, Pressure cycle, Silica glass, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Plasticity, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, densification, 0103 physical sciences, plasticiy, General Materials Science, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Maximum pressure, glass, PACS 62.20.F, 78.30.Ly, 62.50.-p, 81.05.Kf, hardening, [ PHYS.COND.CM-GEN ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, silica, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], symbols, Hardening (metallurgy), Amorphous silica, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract: International audience; In addition of a flow, plastic deformation of structural glasses (in particular amorphous silica) is characterized by a permanent densification. Raman spectroscopic estimators are shown to give a full account of the plastic behavior of silica under pressure. While the permanent densification of silica has been widely discussed in terms of amorphous-amorphous transition, from a plasticity point of view, the evolution of the residual densification with the maximum pressure of a pressure cycle can be discussed as a density hardening phenomenon. In the framework of such a mechanical aging effect, we propose that the glass structure could be labelled by the maximum pressure experienced by the glass and that the saturation of densification could be associated with the densest packing of tetrahedra only linked by their vertices.
Published: 2008
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5. Raman microspectroscopic characterization of amorphous silica plastic behavior

Author: Bernard Champagnon, A. Perriot, L. Grosvalet, Ch. Martinet, Valérie Martinez, Damien Vandembroucq, Etienne Barthel, Surface du Verre et Interfaces ( SVI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents (LPCML), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: raman, Materials science, Constitutive equation, FOS: Physical sciences, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, Indentation, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Composite material, 010302 applied physics, A diamond, PACS 62.20.Fe, 78.30.-j, 78.30.Ly, [ PHYS.COND.CM-GEN ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Raman microspectroscopy, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, silica, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], plasticity, Ceramics and Composites, Hardening (metallurgy), symbols, Amorphous silica, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
Abstract: Raman microspectroscopy was used to characterize amorphous silica plastic behavior. Using a correlation between Raman spectrum and density, a map of the local residual indentation-induced densification is obtained. The existence of a densification-induced hardening is also evidenced through a diamond anvil cell experiment. Such observations are not accounted for by the previously proposed hardening-free pressure-dependent yield criterion based on indentation curves. These results open the way to more accurate description of a constitutive law for amorphous silica.
Published: 2006
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6. Kinetics and mechanisms of stress relaxation in sputtered silver thin films

Author: Rémi Lazzari, Hervé Montigaud, Quentin Hérault, Sergey Grachev, Matteo Balestrieri, Iryna Gozhyk, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Curvature measurements, Relaxation, Materials science, Silver, Polymers and Plastics, Polycrystalline films, Grooving, 02 engineering and technology, Stress, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), Sputtering deposition, 0103 physical sciences, Stress relaxation, Thin film, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Condensed matter physics, Metals and Alloys, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Atomic diffusion, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Grain boundaries, Ceramics and Composites, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Relaxation (physics), Grain boundary, Crystallite, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The post-growth stress relaxation in thin polycrystalline Ag films, deposited by direct-current magnetron sputtering under different growth conditions, was explored through wafer curvature measurements. It exhibits exponential behaviour with three distinct characteristic time components τ . The slowest one, namely τ t h ≃ 200 s, is ascribed to thermal stress inherent to the deposition method. In fact, the performed temperature measurements match perfectly with an exponential stress variation with heating or cooling, as predicted by a thermal exchange model detailed in this work. Based on a comparison between different deposition conditions (continuous/interrupted sputter deposition and evaporation), the case of Mo deposition and stress relaxation modelling, the remaining components are assigned to the out-diffusion of atoms from grain boundaries ( τ g b ≃ 3 s) and to changes in the grain surface shape induced by grain boundary grooving ( τ s u r f ≃ 20 s). The relaxation amplitude of the first mechanism varies linearly with the steady-state stress at the end of growth in agreement with theoretical expectations. Yet, that of the second one does not. However, clues point to a kinetic limitation of atomic diffusion mechanism along grain boundaries. This study provides proofs of the simultaneous occurrence of several mechanisms of stress relaxation in thin metallic films.
Published: 2021
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7. Foaming of binary mixtures: link with the nonlinear behaviour of surface tension in asymmetric mixtures

Author: Laurence Talini, H. P. Tran, Nicolas Passade-Boupat, Emilie Verneuil, François Lequeux, L. Delance, Laboratoire Physico-Chimie des Interfaces Complexes (PIC), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (UMR 7615) (SIMM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), and SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Marangoni effect, Materials science, Sublinear function, Binary number, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surface tension, Nonlinear system, Orders of magnitude (time), Chemical physics, Electrochemistry, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; The lifetimes of single bubbles or foams that are formed in mixtures of liquids can be several orders of magnitude larger than the ones formed in pure liquids. We recently demonstrated that this enhanced stability results from differences between bulk and interfacial concentrations in the mixture, which induce a thickness dependence of the surface tension in liquid films, and thus a stabilizing Marangoni effect. Concentration differences may be associated with nonlinear variations of surface tension with composition and we further investigate their link with foamability of binary mixtures. We show that, for asymmetric binary mixtures, i.e. made of molecules of very different sizes, strong nonlinearities in surface tension can be measured, that are associated with large foam lifetimes. When the molecules that occupy the largest surface areas have the smallest surface tension, the surface tension of the mixture varies sublinearly with composition, reflecting an enrichment in this species at the interface with air, as classically reported in the literature. In contrast, when they exhibit the largest surface tension, superlinear variations of surface tension are observed despite a similar enrichment. We discuss these variations in light of a simple thermodynamic model for ideal mixtures and we demonstrate why foam stability is enhanced for both sublinear and superlinear surface tension variations, thus shedding new light on foamability without added surfactants.
Published: 2021
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8. Analyse structurale de couches minces de silice amorphe pulvérisée : une étude par spectroscopie Raman

Author: S. Ben Khemis, Hervé Montigaud, Emmanuelle Gouillart, D. Skrelic, Laurent Cormier, Ekaterina Burov, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE08-0019,MAGI,Mobilité couplée des éléments à la surface d'un verre float et une couche mince fonctionnalisée(2017), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Propriétés des amorphes, liquides et minéraux [IMPMC] (IMPMC_PALM), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Thin films, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Deconvolution, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Densification, Materials Chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-DS-NN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Disordered Systems and Neural Networks [cond-mat.dis-nn], Thin film, Deposition (law), 010302 applied physics, Silicon oxide, business.industry, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Characterization (materials science), Raman spectroscopy, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Layer (electronics), Magnetron sputtering
Abstract: International audience; In this work, a structural characterization of sputtered silica films was carried out using Raman spectroscopy. Due to the low cross-section and the thinness of the silica layer, its Raman signature is dwarfed by that of the glass substrate and is therefore difficult to extract. Overcoming these limitations represents an experimental challenge and requires the development of specific analysis strategies. For this purpose, an integrated approach for extracting and interpreting the Raman signature of amorphous silica films deposited on a soda-lime glass substrate was developed, based on three distinct methods: delamination of the sputtered silica film, creating a reflective mask substrate by depositing a metallic silver coating on the glass substrate and applying a numerical signal analysis (Non-negative matrix factorization) to the multidimensional dataset acquired through depth profile acquisitions on silica films directly deposited on a glass substrate. The reliability of each proposed method is demonstrated for the extraction of the silica thin film Raman spectra. These various methods can be easily extended to other materials, either crystalline or amorphous. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and the limits of each approach.Applying this methodology allowed us to highlight the structural differences between sputtered silica thin film and bulk vitreous silica glass (v-SiO2). Magnetron sputtering film deposition is shown to form dense silica glass layers, with an estimated densification ratio, measured by x-ray reflectivity, equal to 7%. At the medium distance range, the network connectivity change in v-SiO2 is expressed by an unusually high population of three-membered rings leading to a more compact structure. The short-range order transformation was also studied by deriving the intertetrahedral angle decrease. The present results could be a step towards advanced investigation to gain insights into the structure of films at the atomic level.
Published: 2021
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9. Thermal behavior of waterglass: foaming and xerogel-to-glass evolution

Author: Emmanuelle Gouillart, Thierry Gacoin, Isabelle Maurin, Lucie Devys, Grégory Tricot, Hamza Mohsin, Sébastien Maron, Ekaterina Burov, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée (LPMC), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l'Environnement - UMR 8516 (LASIRE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL), Saint-Gobain Recherche (SGR), SAINT-GOBAIN, Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Saint-Gobain
Subjects: Materials science, Softening point, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Materials Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Aqueous solution, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Silicate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, Raman spectroscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: Structural properties of aqueous Na-silicates at both room and high temperature (below 500°C) have been investigated to better understand the microscopic evolution of structure and the macroscopic phenomenon of foaming. NMR spectroscopy has provided a direct quantification of structural units defined as Qn. Solid-state NMR along with Raman spectroscopy has indicated the extent of local structural reorganization on heating the silicates. Heating an aqueous Na-silicate leads to structural changes due to the removal of water, where the quantity of leftover water in the system obeys an Arrhenian evolution with an activation energy of 30 kJ.mol−1. TGA, NMR and Raman measurements suggest that the structure becomes similar to the one of hydrated silicate glasses studied in geochemistry. Increasing the Na concentration results in a larger quantity of water retained after a pre-drying treatment, which correlates with a lower softening temperature of the material and is, macroscopically, related to foaming of the silicate.
Published: 2021
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10. Denoising applied to spectroscopies – Part II: Decreasing computation time

Author: Christian Bonhomme, William Woelffel, Pierre-Aymeric Gilles, Guillaume Laurent, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Virgile Barret-Vivin, Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (LCMCP-SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), and The French Region Ile de France – SESAME program is acknowledged for financial support (700 MHz spectrometer).
Subjects: Signal processing, Noise reduction, Computation, 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), 0104 chemical sciences, [INFO.INFO-PF]Computer Science [cs]/Performance [cs.PF], ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Singular value decomposition, benchmarking, Sensitivity (control systems), signal processing, 0210 nano-technology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Instrumentation, Algorithm, Cadzow denoising, Spectroscopy, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; Spectroscopies are of fundamental importance but can suffer from low sensitivity. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is a highly interesting mathematical tool, which can be conjugated with low-rank approximation to denoise spectra andincrease sensitivity. SVD is also involved in data mining with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In this paper, we focussed on the optimisation of SVD duration, which is a time-consuming computation. Both Intel processors (CPU) and Nvidia graphic cards (GPU) were benchmarked. A 100 times gain was achieved when combining divide and conquer algorithm, Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL), SSE3 (Streaming SIMD Extensions) hardware instructions and single precision. In such case, the CPU can outperform the GPU driven by CUDA technology. These results give a strong background to optimise SVD computation at the user scale.
Published: 2019
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11. Influence of temperature on multicomponent diffusion in calcium and sodium aluminosilicate melts

Author: Emmanuelle Gouillart, Michael J. Toplis, Hervé Montigaud, Ekaterina Burov, Mathieu Roskosz, Corinne Claireaux, Marie-Hélène Chopinet, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 01 natural sciences, Sodium and calcium, Ion, Viscosity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Eyring relation, Sodium aluminosilicate, 010302 applied physics, Multicomponent diffusion, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Ceramics and Composites, Aluminosilicate, Uphill, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract: International audience; The effect of temperature on multicomponent chemical diffusion in liquids of the quaternary system CaO−Na 2 O−Al 2 O 3 −SiO 2 has been studied. Diffusion-couple experiments were performed around a central composition of 64.5 wt%SiO 2 , 13.3 wt%Na 2 O, 10.8 wt%CaO, 11.4 wt%Al 2 O 3. Experiments were performed for three temperatures far above the glass transition (1200, 1280 and 1360 • C), as well as 30 • C above the glass transition. Strong multidiffusive effects were observed for all temperatures, with significant uphill diffusion of calcium, demonstrating that uphill diffusion happens close to the glass transition as well as at high temperature. For each temperature, we determined the diffusion matrix of the system and quantified its eigenvectors and eigenvalues, which correspond formally to (respectively) exchanges between ions, and associated diffusion coefficients. Little variation of the eigen-vectors of the diffusion matrix was observed as a function of temperature, with a dominant eigenvector corresponding to the exchange of sodium with calcium, the two other eigenvectors corresponding to the exchange of calcium with network formers. For the temperature range 1200-1360°C, the eigenvalues of the diffusion matrix have an Arrhe-nian temperature dependence, with an activation energy consistent with electrical conductivity for the exchange of sodium and calcium, and an activation energy consistent with viscosity for eigenvectors involving network formers. Multicomponent diffusion close to the glass transition is characterized by the same eigenvectors as at higher temperature , but some diffusion profiles are asymmetric due to strong viscosity contrasts resulting in concentration-dependent eigenvalues. Moreover, we observe some departure from Eyring relation close to the glass transition, with diffusion eigenvalues several orders of magnitude greater than the Eyring prediction. Highlights-Multicomponent diffusion matrices were determined experimentally around a central composition of 64.5 wt%SiO 2 , 13.3 wt%Na 2 O, 10.8 wt%CaO, 11.4 wt%Al 2 O 3 , for three superliquidus temperatures and 30 degrees above the glass transition.-Eigenvalues of the diffusion matrix were found to be Arrhenian down to 30 degrees above the glass transition.-Eigenvalues of exchanges involving network formers are in good agreement with Eyring's law at superliquidus temperatures, but a departure from Eyring's law is observed close to the glass transition.
Published: 2019
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12. High sensitivity Raman imaging of the surface of casted glass plates

Author: E. Burov, Louis Hennet, C. Bessada, Patrick Simon, Aurélien Canizares, D. Skrelic, M. Jacquemin, E. Gouillart, Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures ( ICMN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), and SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Raman imaging, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, symbols, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Sensitivity (control systems), 0210 nano-technology, business, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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13. Wet rolling stones: Growth of a granular aggregate under flow

Author: Pierre Jop, Guillaume Saingier, Alban Sauret, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California
Subjects: Aggregate (composite), Physics, QC1-999, Flow (psychology), food and beverages, 02 engineering and technology, Drum, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Rotation, 01 natural sciences, Granulation, 0103 physical sciences, Maximum size, Growth rate, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Composite material, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Granule (geology), [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: International audience; Wet granulation processes can be driven from low to high water content. In this study, we consider the model situation of the growth of a single wet aggregate rolling in a dry granular flow inside a rotating drum. We measure the time evolution of its diameter for different grains and liquids, as well as various rotation rates of the drum. Using X-ray tomography, we are able to characterize the internal structure of the granular aggregate at different times during the process. We show that the growth rate of the aggregate can be related to the transport of the liquid inside the granule and the capture of grains. We propose a model to rationalize the maximum size of the aggregate and its growth rate.
Published: 2021
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14. Numerical model using a Volume-Of-Fluid method for the study of evaporating sessile droplets in both unpinned and pinned modes

Author: Quentin Magdelaine, Jose-Maria Fullana, Cecile Lalanne, Florence Lequien, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Non Aqueuse (LECNA), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and CEA, Contributeur MAP
Subjects: Materials science, Numerical analysis, Evaporation, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Substrate (electronics), 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Contact angle, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, Volume (thermodynamics), 0103 physical sciences, Volume of fluid method, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Wetting, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Constant (mathematics), Mathematical Physics
Abstract: International audience; This article focuses on the numerical study of the evaporation of sessile dropletsusing a Volume-Of-Fluid (VOF) method in the free-software Basilisk. We con-sider pure liquid droplets forming a spherical-cap onto a smooth or rough andnon-corrosive substrate and we investigate two different modes of evaporation:the unpinned mode where the contact angle is constant and the pinned modewhere the wetting area is constant. The numerical method used to implementthe contact angle and for the reconstruction of the interface is fully described,especially for the pinned mode where we propose a new VOF implementation.In the unpinned mode, we perform parametric studies and we show the influenceof the relative humidity and the contact angle on the evaporation process. Forall the explored parameters, the simulations predict that the volume decreaseslinearly with time, which matches the signature behaviour of evaporating un-pinned droplets, irrespective of the geometrical parameters. In the pinned mode,the contact angle analysis indicates a linear decrease in time which was expectedaccording to the theory and validated with some experiments we performed.
Published: 2021
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15. Entrainment of particles during the withdrawal of a fibre from a dilute suspension

Author: Brian M. Dincau, J. A. Lee, Quentin Magdelaine, Alban Sauret, E. Mai, Martin Z. Bazant, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain Research North America, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Materials science, Capillary action, Fluids & Plasmas, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Mathematical Sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Engineering, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, particle/fluid flow, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mechanical Engineering, coating, Radius, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Stagnation point, Capillary number, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, physics.flu-dyn, thin films, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Particle, sense organs, Particle size, 0210 nano-technology, Entrainment (chronobiology)
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2020. A fibre withdrawn from a bath of a dilute particulate suspension exhibits different coating regimes depending on the physical properties of the fluid, the withdrawal speed, the particle sizes and the radius of the fibre. Our experiments indicate that only the liquid without particles is entrained for thin coating films. Beyond a threshold capillary number, the fibre is coated by a liquid film with entrained particles. We systematically characterize the role of the capillary number, the particle size and the fibre radius on the threshold speed for particle entrainment. We discuss the boundary between these two regimes and show that the thickness of the liquid film at the stagnation point controls the entrainment process. The radius of the fibre provides a new degree of control in capillary filtering, allowing greater control over the size of the particles entrained in the film.
Published: 2020
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16. Motion of micro- and nano- particles interacting with a fluid interface

Author: Giuseppe Boniello, Maurizio Nobili, Antonio Stocco, Stefano Villa, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, Physique [physics]/Physique [physics], 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Colloid, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, motion, Nano, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Brownian motion, Magnetosphere particle motion, fluid interface, Thermal equilibrium, Physics, microparticles, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Surfaces and Interfaces, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Drag, nanoparticles, Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, drag, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: International audience; In this article, we review both theoretical models and experimental results on the motion of micro-and nano-particles that are close to a fluid interface or move in between two fluids. Viscous drags together with dissipations due to fluctuations of the fluid interface and its physicochemical properties affect strongly the translational and rotational drags of colloidal particles, which are subjected to Brownian motion in thermal equilibrium. Even if many theoretical and experimental investigations have been carried out, additional scientific efforts in hydrodynamics, statistical physics, wetting and colloid science are still needed to explain unexpected experimental results and to measure particle motion in time and space scales, which are not accessible so far.
Published: 2020
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17. Structural evolution of high zirconia aluminosilicate glasses

Author: Ekaterina Burov, V. Montouillout, M. Ficheux, N. Trcera, Laurent Cormier, Giuliana Aquilanti, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Propriétés des amorphes, liquides et minéraux [IMPMC] (IMPMC_PALM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Coordination number, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Aluminosilicate, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Cubic zirconia, Crystallization, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Silicate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; We report a detailed structural investigation of Ca-Na aluminosilicate glasses containing 0-20 wt% ZrO2 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and 27 Al and 29 Si NMR. The X-ray absorption spectroscopy data reveal that Zr is predominantly present in ZrO6 octahedra but a significant Zr coordination change occurs with increasing ZrO2 content. Though Al and Zr are competing to be surrounded by charge balancing cations, 27 Al NMR data do not show the presence of high-coordinated Al species; thus charge-balancing cations are preferentially localized close to AlO4 tetrahedra rather than Zr polyhedra, explaining the increase in Zr coordination number that ultimately leads to limit Zr solubility in glasses. Raman and 29 Si NMR data indicates that Zr atoms are linked to the silicate network with a trend for higher degree of network connectivity at high zirconia content. Change in network connectivity and in Zr environment provide insights to understand chemical durability or crystallization in glasses.
Published: 2020
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18. Analysis of compaction in brittle foam with multiscale indentation tests

Author: Eric Maire, Xavier Brajer, E. Gouillart, Stéphane Roux, Amine Bouterf, Elodie Boller, François Hild, Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain Recherche (SGR), SAINT-GOBAIN, Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and ANR-11-BS09-0027,EDDAM,Elaboration, démixtion et déformation des matériaux amorphes suivies par microtomographie in-situ(2011)
Subjects: Materials science, Thermal resistance, Compaction, Core (manufacturing), Digital volume correlation, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, law.invention, [PHYS.MECA.MEMA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Brittleness, 0203 mechanical engineering, Beamline, Mechanics of Materials, law, in-situ indentation test, Indentation, General Materials Science, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, X-ray tomography, Instrumentation, lightweight plasterboard
Abstract: International audience; Lightweight plasterboard is a product composed of plaster foam core whose porosity can reach 75 vol%, lined with two sheets of paper. To optimize the trade-o between thermal resistance and mechanical strength, it is important to understand and characterize the mechanical behavior of plasterboard. Core compaction of plasterboard is one of the prevalent degradation mechanism. This mechanism is studied herein using in-situ indentation experiments performed at two dierent scales. The rst test was carried out in a lab tomograph. The second test was conducted on the high resolution synchrotron ID19 beamline at ESRF. Very early damage is revealed. The basic mechanism of pore collapse and its gradual development is detected in contrast with mesoscale observations where compaction appears very abrupt.
Published: 2018
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19. Analysis of the multi-cracking mechanism of brittle thin films on elastic-plastic substrates

Author: Joel Marthelot, R. Estevez, G. Parry, I. Ben Cheikh, Davy Dalmas, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-14-CE07-0024,CAPRICe,mesure et controle des propriétés d'adhésion des revêtements(2014)
Subjects: Materials science, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Delamination, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Plasticity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Brittleness, 0203 mechanical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, Ultimate tensile strength, Fracture (geology), General Materials Science, Thin film, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Saturation (chemistry), Layer (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Thin brittle films on compliant substrates are used in many applications, as soft electronics and solar cells. When submitted to large tensile strains, those systems undergo multi-cracking. A saturation of the cracks pattern is observed, i.e. no new crack is formed above a given nominal applied strain. Moreover, a characteristic distance between the cracks is observed at saturation. A mechanical analysis is carried out in this paper in order to quantitatively predict the saturation phenomenon. Fracture in the brittle layer, delamination at the interface and plasticity in the substrate are taken into account. The results of finite elements simulations show that both the plastic deformation pattern inside the substrate and the strength of the brittle layer are key elements for predicting the cracks pattern at saturation.
Published: 2019
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20. X‐ray imaging of a high‐temperature furnace applied to glass melting

Author: Franck Pigeonneau, Pierre Chamelot, Emmanuel Cid, Olivier Masbernat, Mathieu Gibilaro, Damien Boloré, Laurent Massot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Saint-Gobain (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Mines ParisTech (FRANCE), PSL Research University (FRANCE), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Glass recycling, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Two‐phase flow, Bubble, Population, Crucible, 02 engineering and technology, Glass melting, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Génie chimique, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, education, Génie des procédés, 010302 applied physics, education.field_of_study, Tin dioxide, Optical flow, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, X‐ray imaging, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Bubbles, Two-phase flow, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The dynamics of soda‐lime‐silica glass grain melting is investigated experimentally using a nonintrusive technique. A cylindrical alumina crucible is filled with glass cullet and placed into a furnace illuminated by an X‐ray source. This glass granular bed is gradually heated up to 1100°C, leading to its melting and the generation of a size‐distributed population of bubbles rising in the molten glass. An image processing algorithm of X‐ray images of the cullet bed during melting allows the characterization of bubbles size distribution in the crucible as well as their velocity. The introduction of tin dioxide μ‐particles in the glass matrix before melting enhances the texture of the images and makes possible the determination of the bubble‐induced molten glass velocity field by an optical flow technique. The bubble size distribution can be fitted by a log‐normal law, suggesting that it is closely related to the initial size distribution in the cullet bed. The liquid motion induced by the bubbles in Stokes' regime is strongly affected by the flow confinement and the determination of bubble rising velocity along its trajectory unveils the existence of local tiny temperature fluctuations in the crucible. Overall, the measuring techniques developed in this work seem to be very promising for the improvement of models and optimization of industrial glass furnaces.
Published: 2019
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21. Influence of the size of the intruder on the reorganization of a 2D granular medium

Author: Pierre Jop, Aymeric Merceron, Alban Sauret, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Fluids & Plasmas, 0211 other engineering and technologies, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Intruder, Civil Engineering, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Reorganization, 010306 general physics, Granular material, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, cond-mat.soft, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics, Avalanches, Chemical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Jamming
Abstract: International audience; We consider the rearrangements of a vertical two-dimensional granular packing induced by the withdrawal of an intruder. Here, we focus on the influence of the size of the intruder on the reorganization process. The long term evolution of the granular packing is investigated as well as the avalanche dynamics that characterize the short term rearrangements around the intruder. For small enough intruder, we observe the formation of arches that periodically destabilize and influence the reorganization dynamics of the twodimensional packing through larger rearrangement events.
Published: 2019
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22. Well-controlled foam-based solid coatings

Author: Olivier Pitois, Tamar Saison, Aymeric Mouquet, Jean-Yvon Faou, Yacine Khidas, Laboratoire Navier (navier umr 8205), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Saint Gobain Recherche
Subjects: Aqueous solution, Materials science, Bubble, Nozzle, Dispersity, Mixing (process engineering), 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Radius, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Coating, engineering, Crystallite, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: International audience; Foam-based solid coatings appear to be a simple solution for giving new properties to solid surfaces. An efficient method is presented for producing open-cell foam coatings having tunable pore radius distribution (i.e. monodisperse within the range 100-1000 µm, bidisperse or fully polydisperse), tunable thickness, and tunable bulk and surface porosities. This is achieved by mixing precursor aqueous foam and particle suspension (here a micrometer-sized polyurethane dispersion), and by spreading with a nozzle the resulting particle-loaded foam on the solid surface to be coated. It is shown that bubble size distribution of the precursor foam can be preserved in the final solid coating. This this highlighted by using monodisperse aqueous foam, for which coatings showed polycrystalline structure, as well as bidisperse or fully polydisperse foams. As a major advantage of our method, bubble size and solid volume fraction are shown to be independent parameters allowing for the size of the microstructural elements to be tuned easily, so are the expected functional properties of the coating. Results obtained with the studied polyurethane dispersion are expected to be reproduced with other dispersions.
Published: 2019
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23. Periodic Arrays of Diamond‐Shaped Silver Nanoparticles: From Scalable Fabrication by Template‐Assisted Solid‐State Dewetting to Tunable Optical Properties

Author: J. Lautru, Romain Dezert, Barbara Bouteille, Iryna Gozhyk, Renaud Podor, Rémi Lazzari, Jérémie Teisseire, Paul Jacquet, Jacques Jupille, Alexandre Baron, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etude de la Matière en Mode Environnemental (L2ME), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Saint-Gobain Research Paris, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fabrication, Materials science, Nanoparticle, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Silver nanoparticle, Biomaterials, Electrochemistry, silver, Dewetting, Plasmon, localized surface plasmon, business.industry, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, anisotropic nanoparticles, engineering, dewetting, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Localized surface plasmon, lattice mode
Abstract: International audience; Periodic arrays of anisotropic silver nanoparticles having peculiar optical properties are fabricated at a macroscopic scale. The proposed scalable method is based on temperature‐assisted solid‐state dewetting of a continuous thin layer deposited on a silica substrate patterned by the nanoimprint technique. The resulting nanoparticles are shaped like diamonds and are half‐embedded into the patterned silica. A period‐dependent optimum in film thickness for the quality of spatial organization is found and discussed in terms of thermodynamics and, for the first time, in terms of the role of grains in the dewetting process. The optical properties of the arrays are driven by not only simply the particle shape but also the lattice period and the degree of order. A surface lattice resonance that disperses with the underlying period is evidenced experimentally and confirmed by optical simulations. The opportunity to fabricate and tune such an assembly of plasmonic particles on transparent substrate opens interesting perspectives for not only fundamental photonics but also potential optical applications.
Published: 2019
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24. Engineering of Silica Thin-Film Nanoporosity via Alkali-Ion-Assisted Reconstruction

Author: Mickaël Boudot, Ekaterina Burov, Cédric Boissière, Thierry Gacoin, Matériaux Hybrides et Procédés (LCMCP-MHP ), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée (LPMC), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Fraction (chemistry), 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Mesoporous silica, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ion, Chemical engineering, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report a method to prepare patterned mesoporous silica-based films with fine control of the pore sizes and the porous fraction by combining the sol–gel approach with an alkali ion post-treatment...
Published: 2019
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25. Dip-coating of suspensions

Author: Martin Z. Bazant, Emilie Dressaire, Adrien Gans, Benedicte Colnet, Alban Sauret, Guillaume Saingier, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Department of Chemical Engineering (DCE-MIT), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Department of Mathematics [MIT]
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Materials science, Capillary action, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Dip-coating, Suspension (chemistry), Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Viscosity, Engineering, Coating, Composite material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, cond-mat.soft, Chemical Physics, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), General Chemistry, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Capillary number, 0104 chemical sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, physics.flu-dyn, Volume fraction, Physical Sciences, Chemical Sciences, engineering, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: Withdrawing a plate from a suspension leads to the entrainment of a coating layer of fluid and particles on the solid surface. In this article, we study the Landau-Levich problem in the case of a suspension of non-Brownian particles at moderate volume fraction $10\% < \phi < 41\%$. We observe different regimes depending on the withdrawal velocity $U$, the volume fraction of the suspension $\phi$, and the diameter of the particles $2\,a$. Our results exhibit three coating regimes. (i) At small enough capillary number $Ca$, no particles are entrained, and only a liquid film coats the plate. (ii) At large capillary number, we observe that the thickness of the entrained film of suspension is captured by the Landau-Levich law using the effective viscosity of the suspension $\eta(\phi)$. (iii) At intermediate capillary numbers, the situation becomes more complicated with a heterogeneous coating on the substrate. We rationalize our experimental findings by providing the domain of existence of these three regimes as a function of the fluid and particles properties.
Published: 2019

26. Plasma emission correction in reflectivity spectroscopy during sputtering deposition

Author: Sergey Grachev, Rémi Lazzari, Quentin Hérault, Iryna Gozhyk, Letian Dai, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Surface Differential Reflectivity Spectroscopy, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Plasma, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Reflectivity, UV-visible, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, sputtering deposition, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, business
Abstract: International audience; Surface differential reflectivity spectroscopy is a fast non-destructive in situ and real-time measurement technique which allows following the first stages of thin film deposition. However, when applied to sputtering technique, spectra can strongly be distorted by residual light coming from plasma in a way, as shown herein, that depends on sample reflectivity. Thanks to suitable measurements, before and after growth with and without plasma or illumination lights, a protocol of signal correction is proposed to get rid of the spurious plasma contribution. The interest of the method is illustrated in the case of silver deposition on a silicon substrate.
Published: 2019
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27. Denoising applied to spectroscopies – part I: concept and limits

Author: Emmanuelle Gouillart, Christian Bonhomme, Virgile Barret-Vivin, Guillaume Laurent, William Woelffel, Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (LCMCP-SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN)
Subjects: Signal processing, spectroscopy, Materials science, Noise reduction, 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, sensitivity, 01 natural sciences, Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), 0104 chemical sciences, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Singular value decomposition, symbols, Sensitivity (control systems), 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, signal processing, Instrumentation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Computer Science::Databases, Cadzow denoising
Abstract: International audience; Some spectroscopies are intrinsically poorly sensitive, such as Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy. This drawback can be overcome by using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and low-rank approximation to denoise spectra and consequently increase sensitivity. However SVD limits have not been deeply investigated until now. We applied SVD to NMR and Raman spectra and showed that best results were obtained with a square data set in time domain. Automatic thresholding was applied using Malinowski’s indicators. 6×7380 noisy spectra with 41 signal-to-noise ratios were compared to their non- noisy counterparts, highlighting that SVD induces a systematic error for Gaussian peaks but faithfully reproduces shape of Lorentzian peaks, thus allowing quantification. Used carefully, SVD can decrease experimental time by a factor of 2.3 for spectroscopies. This study may help scientists to apply SVD to denoise spectra in a more efficient way, without falling into pitfalls.
Published: 2019
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28. Revisiting statistical size effects on compressive failure of heterogeneous materials, with a special focus on concrete

Author: Olivier Plé, Chi-Cong Vu, David Amitrano, Jérôme Weiss, Damien Vandembroucq, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Impliquant la Géologie et la Mécanique (LIRIGM), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie (LMT), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement (LOCIE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Length scale, Series (mathematics), Mechanical Engineering, Structure (category theory), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, Compressive strength, Brittleness, Mechanics of Materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], 0103 physical sciences, Statistical physics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Focus (optics), Dimensioning, Independence (probability theory), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: Size effects on mechanical strength, i.e. the fact that larger structures fail under lower stresses than smaller ones, already highlighted by Leonardo da Vinci and Edmee Mariotte centuries ago, remain nowadays a crucial problem to establish structural design rules and safety regulations from an upscaling of laboratory data. These size effects are generally explained either from a deterministic energetic approach that predicts a non-vanishing asymptotic strength but, by construction, does not account for fluctuations around the mean strength and their size dependence, or from a statistical approach based on the weakest-link theory that implies a vanishing strength towards large scales. We recently proposed an alternative framework based on an interpretation of compressive failure of heterogeneous materials as a critical transition from an intact to a failed state, which releases the underlying hypotheses of the weakest-link theory, pure brittleness and the independence of damage events, while predicting a non-vanishing asymptotic mean strength but vanishing intrinsic fluctuations at large scales. Here, from an extensive series of uniaxial compression experiments (527 tests) on concrete samples with four different sizes and three different microstructures, we demonstrate (i) the failure of the weakest-link theory in this case, and instead (ii) the pertinence of our critical framework to account for size effects on compressive strength of an emblematic quasibrittle material, concrete, in terms of average strength, associated fluctuations, and probability of failure. From a detailed analysis of the microstructural disorder of our materials, we show that the pore structure, rather than the concrete mix, plays a significant role on size effects on strength. In this framework, the asymptotic strength σ∞ becomes the most relevant, material-dependent parameter for the dimensioning of large-scale structures from an upscaling of small-scale laboratory mechanical tests. An additional parameter, homogeneous to a length scale, controls the size dependence of the relative fluctuations of the strength. These new results call for a re-evaluation of classical design rules and the establishment of safety regulations from laboratory data for the compressive loading of quasi-brittle materials like concrete.
Published: 2018
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29. Interdiffusion between silica thin films and soda-lime glass substrate during annealing at high temperature

Author: Sergey Grachev, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Jean-Thomas Fonné, Hervé Montigaud, Damien Vandembroucq, Ekaterina Burov, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (PMMH (UMR_7636)), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-ESPCI ParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Soda-lime glass, Materials science, Silicon, Thin films, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal treatment, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Annealing (glass), Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Diffusion/Diffusivity, 010302 applied physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Doping, Silica, Multicomponent diffusion, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Ceramics and Composites, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We study the diffusive interaction between soda-lime glass substrates and sputtered aluminum-doped silica thin films at 650 C, the temperature of commercial soda-lime glass shaping or tempering. A first rapid migration of alkali ions from substrate to thin film has been described in a companion paper [1]. Using the same samples as [1], we focus here on later interactions, when the layer is consumed by the substrate resulting from diffusive interactions. Using SIMS profilometry, we show that the interdiffusion rate increases with the aluminum doping content of the layer. We show that the alkali uptake of silica layers accelerates diffusive exchanges with the substrate, consistently with a decrease of viscosity of the layer. Diffusion profiles of silicon are well reproduced when solving the diffusion equation for a diffusivity having an exponential dependence with silicon concentration. The diffusivity of aluminum is shown to be 10 times slower than the diffusion of silicon. Specific exchanges of the two network formers with network modifiers are deduced from the composition-space trajectories, providing evidence for multicomponent diffusive couplings between species.
Published: 2018
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30. Growth of clogs in parallel microchannels

Author: Emmanuel Villermaux, Alban Sauret, Katarzyna Somszor, Emilie Dressaire, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department [NYU Tandon School of Engineering], NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CE30-0009,ProLiFiC,Particules confinées dans un film liquide mince(2016), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, and SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Classical Physics, Microfluidics, Computational Mechanics, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Clogging, Filter (large eddy simulation), 0103 physical sciences, parasitic diseases, Deposition (phase transition), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Microchannel, Aggregate (composite), Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Mechanics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Volumetric flow rate, physics.flu-dyn, Modeling and Simulation, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Author(s): Sauret, Alban; Somszor, Katarzyna; Villermaux, Emmanuel; Dressaire, Emilie | Abstract: During the transport of colloidal suspensions in microchannels, the deposition of particles can lead to the formation of clogs, typically at constrictions. Once a clog is formed in a microchannel, advected particles form an aggregate upstream from the site of the blockage. This aggregate grows over time, which leads to a dramatic reduction of the flow rate. In this paper, we present a model that predicts the growth of the aggregate formed upon clogging of a microchannel. We develop an analytical description that captures the time evolution of the volume of the aggregate, as confirmed by experiments performed using a pressure-driven suspension flow in a microfluidic device. We show that the growth of the aggregate increases the hydraulic resistance in the channel and leads to a drop in the flow rate of the suspensions. We then derive a model for the growth of aggregates in multiple parallel microchannels where the clogging events are described using a stochastic approach. The aggregate growths in the different channels are coupled. Our work illustrates the critical influence of clogging events on the evolution of the flow rate in microchannels. The coupled dynamics of the aggregates described here for parallel channels is key to bridge clogging at the pore scale with macroscopic observations of the flow rate evolution at the filter scale.
Published: 2018
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31. Band alignment at Ag/ZnO(0001) interfaces: A combined soft and hard x-ray photoemission study

Author: Sergey Grachev, Mihaela Gorgoi, Ekaterina Chernysheva, Stéphane Chenot, Jacques Jupille, Bertrand Philippe, Bulent Baris, Håkan Rensmo, Gregory Cabailh, Hervé Cruguel, Rémi Lazzari, Hervé Montigaud, Waked Srour, Roberto Félix Duarte, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Photoemission spectroscopy, Schottky barrier, Fermi level, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter Physics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Metal, Crystallography, symbols.namesake, Band bending, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], visual_art.visual_art_medium, symbols, Work function, Ionization energy, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Den kondenserade materiens fysik
Abstract: Band alignment at the interface between evaporated silver films and Zn- or O-terminated polar orientations of ZnO is explored by combining soft and hard x-ray photoemissions on native and hydrogenated surfaces. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) is used to track variations of work function, band bending, ionization energy, and Schottky barrier during silver deposition. The absolute values of band bending and the bulk position of the Fermi level are determined on continuous silver films by hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) through a dedicated modeling of core levels. Hydrogenation leads to the formation of $\ensuremath{\sim}0.3$ monolayer of donorlike hydroxyl groups on both ZnO-O and ZnO-Zn surfaces and to the release of metallic zinc on ZnO-Zn. However, no transition to an accumulation layer is observed. On bare surfaces, silver adsorption is cationic on $\text{ZnO}(000\overline{1})\text{-O}$ [anionic on ZnO(0001)-Zn] at the earliest stages of growth as expected from polarity healing before adsorbing as a neutral species. UPS and HAXPES data appear quite consistent. The two surfaces undergo rather similar band bendings for all types of preparation. The downward band bending of ${V}_{bb,\text{ZnO-O}}=\ensuremath{-}0.4$ eV and ${V}_{bb,\text{ZnO-Zn}}=\ensuremath{-}0.6$ eV found for the bare surfaces is reinforced upon hydrogenation (${V}_{bb,\text{ZnO-O}+\mathrm{H}}=\ensuremath{-}1.1$ eV, ${V}_{bb,\text{ZnO-Zn}+\mathrm{H}}=\ensuremath{-}1.2$ eV). At the interface with Ag, a unique value of band bending of $\ensuremath{-}0.75$ eV is observed. While exposure to atomic hydrogen modulates strongly the energetic positions of the surface levels, a similar Schottky barrier of 0.5--0.7 eV is found for thick silver films on the two surfaces.
Published: 2018
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32. Direct Observation of Metallic Thin Layers Dewetting By HT-ESEM

Author: J. Lautru, Bowen Song, Jacques Jupille, Samuel J. Cooper, E. Ruiz Trejo, Renaud Podor, P. Jacquet, Rémi Lazzari, Iryna Gozhyk, Jérémie Teisseire, EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], Department of Biological Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), Etude de la Matière en Mode Environnemental (L2ME), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Thin layers, Direct observation, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Metal, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], visual_art.visual_art_medium, Dewetting, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Instrumentation, Environmental scanning electron microscope, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019
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33. Hydrodynamic coarsening in phase-separated silicate melts

Author: Elodie Boller, Pierre Lhuissier, William Woelffel, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Luc Salvo, Océane Lambert, Damien Vandembroucq, Corinne Claireaux, David Bouttes, Davy Dalmas, Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, FOS: Physical sciences, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, Surface tension, Viscosity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Growth rate, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Borosilicate glass, Metals and Alloys, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Silicate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Ceramics and Composites, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Using in-situ synchrotron tomography, we investigate the coarsening dynamics of barium borosilicate melts during phase separation. The 3-D geometry of the two interconnected phases is determined thanks to image processing. We observe a linear growth of the size of domains with time, at odds with the sublinear diffusive growth usually observed in phase-separating glasses or alloys. Such linear coarsening is attributed to viscous flow inside the bicontinuous phases, and quantitative measurements show that the growth rate is well explained by the ratio of surface tension over viscosity. The geometry of the domains is shown to be statistically similar at different times, provided that the microstructure is rescaled by the average domain size. Complementary experiments on melts with a droplet morphology demonstrate that viscous flow prevails over diffusion in the large range of domain sizes measured in our experiments (1 - 80 microns)., preprint
Published: 2015
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34. Is the second harmonic method applicable for thin films mechanical properties characterization by nanoindentation?

Author: Etienne Barthel, S. Bec, Jean-Luc Loubet, J Teisseire, Guillaume Kermouche, Gaylord Guillonneau, Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMPA, Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), and SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, nanoindentation, contact depth, 02 engineering and technology, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Characterization (materials science), numerical simulation, Indentation, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Measured depth, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Harmonic, second harmonic, Wafer, films, Thin film, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Harmonic method
Abstract: International audience; The second harmonic method is a dynamic indentation technique independent of the direct indentation depth measurement. It can be used to determine near-surface mechanical properties of bulk materials more precisely than classical dynamic nano-indentation. In this paper, the second harmonic method is extended to the measurement of the mechanical properties of thin PMMA layers deposited onto silicon wafers. It is shown that this new technique gives precise results at small depths (less than 100nm), even for films with a thickness lower than 500nm, which was not possible to achieve with the classical CSM method. However, experimental and numerical results obtained both with classical nanoindentation and second harmonic methods differ at high indentation depth. Using FE simulations and AFM measurements, it is shown that the contact depth calculation with classical models can explain this difference.
Published: 2015
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35. The heavy windlass: Buckling and coiling of an elastic rod inside a liquid drop in the presence of gravity

Author: Hervé Elettro, Sébastien Neukirch, Arnaud Antkowiak, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), and SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Liquid drop, Small systems, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, Surface tension, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, buckling, variational approach, 010306 general physics, Winch, fluid-structure interactions, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Drop (liquid), Mechanics, [SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Buckling, Mechanics of Materials, Electromagnetic coil, Windlass, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: A liquid drop sitting on an elastic rod may act as a winch, or windlass, and pull the rod inside itself and coil it. This windlass effect has been shown to be generated by surface tension forces and to work best for small systems. Here we study the case where the drop is large enough so that its weight interferes with surface tension and modifies the windlass mechanics., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2018
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36. Drop impact dynamics on slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces: influence of oil thickness

Author: Alban Sauret, Barbara Brudieu, Jérémie Teisseire, Mégane Muschi, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saint-Gobain Recherche (SGR), and SAINT-GOBAIN
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Materials science, Nanostructure, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Surface tension, Engineering, Weber number, Dewetting, Lubricant, Composite material, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, cond-mat.soft, Chemical Physics, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Drop impact, 13. Climate action, Chemical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) are porous nanostructures impregnated with a low surface tension lubricant. They have recently shown great promise in various applications that require non-wettable superhydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, we investigate experimentally the influence of the oil thickness on the wetting properties and drop impact dynamics of new SLIPS. By tuning the thickness of the oil layer deposited through spin-coating, we show that a sufficiently thick layer of oil is necessary to avoid dewetting spots on the porous nanostructure and thus increasing the homogeneity of the liquid distribution. Drop impact on these surfaces is investigated with a particular emphasis on the spreading and rebound dynamics when varying the oil thickness and the Weber number.
Published: 2018
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37. Aluminum-enhanced alkali diffusion from float glass to PVD-sputtered silica thin films

Author: Jean-Thomas Fonné, Ekaterina Burov, Damien Vandembroucq, Hervé Montigaud, Sergey Grachev, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (PMMH (UMR_7636)), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-ESPCI ParisTech-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Diffusion, Float glass, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Porous glass, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Interface diffusion, law, Barrier layer, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, 010302 applied physics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Alkali metal, Silica thin film, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, Chemical engineering, Alkali-ions migration, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition
Abstract: Interdiffusion processes between aluminum enriched PVD-sputtered silica thin films and industrial float soda-lime silicate glass substrates are quantitatively studied using SIMS analysis. Heat treatments are performed at temperatures close or above the glass transition temperature of the float glass. Aluminum doping of the film is shown to strongly increase the migration of alkali from the glass substrate to the silica thin film. In particular the final alkali content in the film exhibits a linear scaling with the aluminum concentration. An interdiffusion process is evidenced between bulk alkali ions and protons originating from a significant water content in the as-deposited silica film. Experimental measurements of sodium concentration are shown to be consistent with a simple thermodynamic model based on the equilibration of the activity of sodium between the film and the glass substrate. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2018
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38. Multicomponent diffusion in sodium borosilicate glasses

Author: Mathieu Roskosz, Sophie Schuller, H. Pablo, Thibault Charpentier, Emmanuelle Gouillart, Michael J. Toplis, S. Mostefaoui, Département de recherche sur les technologies pour l'enrichissement, le démantèlement et les déchets (DE2D), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA, AREVA and EDF, Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Silicon, Diffusion, chemistry.chemical_element, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Highly supercooled liquids, Viscosity, Materials Chemistry, Effective diffusion coefficient, Boron, Supercooling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Borosilicate glass, Multicomponent diffusion, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Borosilicate glasses, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Multicomponent chemical diffusion has been investigated in the SiO2-Na2O-B2O3 system for melts with an average composition (mol.%) of 68SiO2-18B2O3-14Na2O. Three diffusion couples were studied at 5 different temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C. The extended form of Fick's second law was used to fit the data, derive the diffusion matrix at each temperature, and quantify eigenvectors and eigenvalues. The results reveal diffusive mechanisms in chemical space (i.e. eigenvectors) that appear constant over the temperature range studied. The principal eigenvector is characterized by an exchange between silicon and sodium, while the secondary eigenvector corresponds to an exchange between silicon and boron made possible by sodium. Eigenvalues vary considerably with temperature, but do not follow an Arrhenian law. This behavior has been attributed to the structural changes of the borosilicate network with temperature. The diffusion data are then compared with viscosity and ionic conductivity measurements, revealing close links between viscosity and chemical diffusion.
Published: 2017
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39. Investigating the Dynamic Instabilities of Model Granular Materials in Isotropic Consolidation and Triaxial Drained Compression

Author: T. T. T. Nguyen, T. Doanh, Davy Dalmas, A. Le Bot, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Tribologie et Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable, des Transports et du Logement, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Saint Etienne (ENISE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Consolidation (soil), Macropore, Isotropy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Rotational symmetry, Liquefaction, 02 engineering and technology, Granular material, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Pore fluid, Geotechnical engineering, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports the dynamic instabilities of model granular materials under isotropic consolidation and triaxial drained axisymmetric compression. Loose and fully saturated samples of mono sized glass beads exhibit in isotropic drained compression a series of local collapses under undetermined stress and even liquefaction in some rare cases. Stick-slip phenomenon occurs in drained compression, and even rare liquefaction happens for the first slip. These dynamic instabilities (collapse, liquefaction and stick-slip) of loose granular assembly can share the same physical driving mechanisms with strong links to geometrical features, i.e. the collapse of the structural metastable honeycombed macropores or the propagation of the local failures of the force chains; even if the unambiguous identification of the triggering mechanisms is still unknown. The experimental data eliminates the excess pore fluid as the primary cause.
Published: 2017
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40. Drop-on-coilable-fibre systems exhibit negative stiffness events and transitions in coiling morphology

Author: Fritz Vollrath, Sébastien Neukirch, Hervé Elettro, Arnaud Antkowiak, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, University of Oxford [Oxford], Fluides Complexes et Instabilités Hydrodynamiques (IJLRDA-FCIH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Mécanique et Ingénierie des Solides Et des Structures (IJLRDA-MISES), University of Oxford, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Materials science, Drop (liquid), Negative stiffness, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Elastic fibres, Buckling, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: We investigate the mechanics of elastic fibres carrying liquid droplets. In such systems, buckling may localize inside the drop cavity if the fibre is thin enough. This so-called drop-on-coilable-fibre system exhibits a surprising liquid-like response under compression, and a solid-like response under tension. Here we analyze this unconventional behavior in further details and find theoretical, numerical and experimental evidences of negative stiffness events. We find that the first and main negative stiffness regime owes its existence to the transfer of capillary-stored energy into mechanical curvature energy. The following negative stiffness events are associated with changes in the coiling morphology of the fibre. Eventually coiling becomes tightly locked into an ordered phase where liquid and solid deformations coexist., 8 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2017
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41. Finite Size Effects on Textured Surfaces: Recovering Contact Angles from Vagarious Drop Edges

Author: Anaïs Gauthier, Etienne Barthel, Jérémie Teisseire, Marco Rivetti, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Triple line, Materials science, business.industry, Oscillation, Drop (liquid), Rotational symmetry, Geometry, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Square lattice, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Contact angle, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Electrochemistry, General Materials Science, Wetting, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; A clue to understand wetting hysteresis on superhydrophobic surfaces is the relation between receding contact angle and surface textures. When the surface textures are large, there is a significant distribution of local contact angles around the drop. As seen from the cross section, the apparent contact angle oscillates as the triple line recedes. Our experiments demonstrate that the origin of these oscillations is a finite size effect. Combining side and bottom views of the drop, we take into account the 3D conformation of the surface near the edge to evaluate an intrinsic contact angle from the oscillations of the apparent contact angle. We find that for drops receding on axisymmetric textures the intrinsic receding contact angle is the minimum value of the oscillation while for a square lattice it is the maximum.
Published: 2014
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42. Percolation transition in the porous structure of latex-templated silica monoliths

Author: Etienne Barthel, A. Brunet-Bruneau, Jean-Pierre Boilot, Thierry Gacoin, Elodie Bourgeat-Lami, François Guillemot, Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée (LPMC), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie, Catalyse, Polymères et Procédés, R 5265 (C2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Adsorption, law, General Materials Science, Calcination, sol-gel silica, Porosity, mesoporous silica monoliths, Porosity percolation, Percolation threshold, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Hysteresis, Chemical engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Percolation, Volume fraction, Latex templated silica, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], adsorption isotherms, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Porous sol-gel silica monoliths are prepared using PMMA nanoparticles, 60 nm in diameter, as sacrificial templates. The pore-structure of the calcined pellets is investigated through nitrogen adsorption to assess the evolution of the porosity when varying the amount of porogen. The latex templated monoliths present a well defined spherical extrinsic porosity and an intrinsic microporosity due to preparation process. As a result of a careful analysis of the adsorption hysteresis, we identify a percolation threshold of the spherical porosity around 30% volume fraction. This phenomenon, similar to the percolation previously observed in latex-templated silica films, opens the way to the use of latex-templated porous silica monoliths with a tailorable and reliable pore structure.
Published: 2013
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43. Finite size effects on crack front pinning at heterogeneous planar interfaces: Experimental, finite elements and perturbation approaches

Author: Davy Dalmas, Véronique Lazarus, Etienne Barthel, Lina Alzate, Sylvain Patinet, Damien Vandembroucq, Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fluides, automatique, systèmes thermiques (FAST), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Crack pinning, Finite element method, Toughness, Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, Perturbation (astronomy), 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 01 natural sciences, Crack closure, Brittleness, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Toughening, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Interfacial brittle fracture, Fracture mechanics, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Perturbation approach, Mechanics of Materials, Solid mechanics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the role played by the microstructure of materials on their macroscopic failure properties is an important challenge in solid mechanics. Indeed, when a crack propagates at a heterogeneous brittle interface, the front is trapped by tougher regions and deforms. This pinning induces non-linearities in the crack propagation problem, even within Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics theory, and modifies the overall failure properties of the material. For example crack front pinning by tougher places could increase the fracture resistance of multilayer structures, with interesting technological applications. Analytical perturbation approaches, based on Bueckner-Rice elastic line models, focus on the crack front perturbations, and hence allow for a description of these phenomena. Here, they are applied to experiments investigating the propagation of a purely interfacial crack in a simple toughness pattern: a single defect strip surrounded by homogeneous interface. We show that by taking into account the finite size of the body, quantitative agreement with experimental and finite elements results is achieved. In particular this method allows to predict the toughness contrast, i.e. the toughness difference between the single defect strip and its homogeneous surrounding medium. This opens the way to a more accurate use of the perturbation method to study more disordered heterogeneous materials, where the finite elements method is less adequate. From our results, we also propose a simple method to determine the adhesion energy of tough interfaces by measuring the crack front deformation induced by known interface patterns.
Published: 2013
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44. Application of the Sparse Cardinal Sine Decomposition to 3D Stokes Flows

Author: François Alouges, Matthieu Aussal, Franck Pigeonneau, Aline Lefebvre-Lepot, Antoine Sellier, Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'hydrodynamique (LadHyX), and Pigeonneau, Franck
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Helmholtz equation, Fast multipole method, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Computational Mechanics, [SPI.MECA.MEFL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Square matrix, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], boundary element method, 0203 mechanical engineering, fast convolution, 0103 physical sciences, Applied mathematics, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 010301 acoustics, Boundary element method, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Series (mathematics), Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Linear system, Stokes equations, Solver, Computer Science Applications, Computational Mathematics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Kernel (image processing), Modeling and Simulation
Abstract: International audience; In boundary element method (BEM), one encounters linear system with a dense and non-symmetric square matrix which might be so large that inverting the linear system is too prohibitive in terms of cpu time and/or memory. Each usual powerful treatment (Fast Multipole Method, H-matrices) developed to deal with this issue is optimized to efficiently perform matrix vector products. This work presents a new technique to adequately and quickly handle such products: the Sparse Cardinal Sine Decomposition. This approach, recently pioneered for the Laplace and Helmholtz equations, rests on the decomposition of each encountered kernel as series of radial Cardinal Sine functions. Here, we achieve this decomposition for the Stokes problem and implement it in MyBEM, a new fast solver for multi-physical BEM. The reported computational examples permit us to compare the advocated method against a usual BEM in terms of both accuracy and convergence.
Published: 2017
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45. Role of uncrosslinked chains in droplets dynamics on silicone elastomers

Author: Antoine Chateauminois, Arnaud Antkowiak, Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette, Sébastien Neukirch, Institut Jean le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Materials science, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, Elastomer, 01 natural sciences, Oligomer, complex mixtures, Surface tension, chemistry.chemical_compound, Silicone, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Composite material, Aqueous solution, Dynamics (mechanics), Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), technology, industry, and agriculture, General Chemistry, Physics - Fluid Dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Silicone Elastomers, chemistry, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft]
Abstract: International audience; We report an unexpected behavior in wetting dynamics on soft silicone substrates: the dynamics of aqueous droplets deposited on vertical plates of such elastomers exhibits two successive speed regimes. This macroscopic observation is found to be closely related to microscopic phenomena occurring at the scale of the polymer network: we show that uncrosslinked chains found in most widely used commercial silicone elastomers are responsible for this surprising behavior. A direct visualization of the uncrosslinked oligomers collected by water droplets is performed, evidencing that a capillarity-induced phase separation occurs: uncrosslinked oligomers are extracted from the silicone elastomer network by the water-glycerol mixture droplet. The sharp speed change is shown to coincide with an abrupt transition in surface tension of the droplets, when a critical surface concentration in uncrosslinked oligomer chains is reached. We infer that a droplet shifts to a second regime with a faster speed when it is completely covered with a homogeneous oil film.
Published: 2017
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46. Optical response of gold hemispheroidal lattices on transparent substrates

Author: Jean-Philippe Banon, Ingve Simonsen, Morten Kildemo, Brage B. Svendsen, Thomas Brakstad, Alexandre Baron, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Research Council of Norway, Contract No. 216699, ANR-13-CHIN-0003,DEFIS-RF,Conception des terminaux RF intégrés et 'intelligents' du futur(2013), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffraction, Materials science, Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Lattice constant, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Polarimetry, Rayleigh scattering, Surface plasmon resonance, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optical properties, business.industry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Finite element method, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Azimuth, symbols, Plasmonics, Scattered light, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: Square arrays of gold (Au) hemispheroids deposited on a UV-transparent glass substrate reveal a rich optical response when investigated by spectroscopic Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry. Two samples were studied; the first consisted of hemispheroids of parallel radius of 58 nm and height 30 nm with lattice constant 210 nm; the corresponding parameters for the second sample were 38 nm, 20 nm and 125 nm, respectively. By a full azimuthal rotation of the samples, we observe all the Rayleigh anomalies corresponding to grazing diffracted waves, with strong resonances for co-polarization scattered light near the high symmetry points and cross-polarization scattered light around the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. Polarization-conversion becomes particularly important at grazing incidence, and the cross-polarization follows the Rayleigh lines. The optical response (neglecting polarization conversion) is modelled in the quasi-static approximation using the so-called Bedeaux-Vlieger formalism, and the Finite Element Method using COMSOL. The direct inversion of the effective (substrate dependent) dielectric function is discussed.
Published: 2017
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47. Clogging of microfluidic systems

Author: Emilie Dressaire, Alban Sauret, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department [NYU Tandon School of Engineering], NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Fouling, Computer science, Microfluidics, Fluid mechanics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Suspension (chemistry), Clogging, 13. Climate action, Colloidal particle, Microfluidic channel, Soft matter, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The transport of suspensions of microparticles in confined environments is associated with complex phenomena at the interface of fluid mechanics and soft matter. Indeed, the deposition and assembly of particles under flow involve hydrodynamic, steric and colloidal forces, and can lead to the clogging of microchannels. The formation of clogs dramatically alters the performance of both natural and engineered systems, effectively limiting the use of microfluidic technology. While the fouling of porous filters has been studied at the macroscopic level, it is only recently that the formation of clogs has been considered at the pore-scale, using microfluidic devices. In this review, we present the clogging mechanisms recently reported for suspension flows of colloidal particles and for biofluids in microfluidic channels, including sieving, bridging and aggregation of particles. We discuss the technological implications of the clogging of microchannels and the schemes that leverage the formation of clogs. We finally consider some of the outstanding challenges involving clogging in human health, which could be tackled with microfluidic methods.
Published: 2017
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48. Characterization of the porosity of silicon nitride thin layers by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Author: Bernard Tribollet, Thomas Barrès, Boinet Mickael, O. Stephan, H. Montigaud, Y. Cohin, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (LPS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Saint-Gobain Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain Northboro Research and Development Center, Saint-Gobain Northboro Research, Saint-Gobain Recherche (SGR), SAINT-GOBAIN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Saint-Gobain
Subjects: Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Electrochemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, Composite material, Porosity, 010302 applied physics, Thin layers, Silicon Nitride, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Characterization (materials science), Dielectric spectroscopy, Thin Layer, Silicon nitride, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Transmission Electron Microscopy, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; Silicon nitride thin films are widely used as diffusion barriers within stacks in the glass industry but turn out to be porous at the nanometric scale. EIS measurements were conducted on SiNx thin layers deposited on a gold layer. An electrochemical model was established to fit the EIS measurementsmaking use of data from other complementary techniques. In particular, Transmission Electron Microscopy was performed on these thin layers to determine the diameter and the qualitative morphology of the pores. A quantitative determination of the through-porosity of the layer was deduced from the EIS model and was in good agreement with TEM measurements. Moreover, combining EIS with local observations enabled inhomogeneitiesin the layer to be probed by highlighting a specific region in the layer.
Published: 2017
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49. Stress tuning in sputter-deposited MoOx films

Author: Jean-Yvon Faou, Sergey Grachev, Etienne Barthel, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Stress, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Stress (mechanics), Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, Deposition (law), Molybdenum, 010302 applied physics, MoOx, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces and Interfaces, Sputter deposition, Molybdenum oxide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Chemical engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The evolution of the compressive stress in Mo/MoOx sputter-deposited thin films has been followed in situ during deposition as a function of two parameters: the oxygen flux and the negative voltage bias applied to the substrate. In addition the microstructure of the films has been characterized. Oxygen accumulation at the interface was observed. We describe the origins of the stress in terms of ion bombardment and oxygen incorporation.
Published: 2013
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50. Drop morphologies on flexible fibers: influence of elastocapillary effects

Author: Katarzyna Somszor, François Boulogne, Alban Sauret, Howard A. Stone, Emilie Dressaire, Surface du Verre et Interfaces (SVI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-SAINT-GOBAIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering [Princeton] (MAE), Princeton University, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department [NYU Tandon School of Engineering], NYU Tandon School of Engineering, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Saint-Gobain-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-FLU-DYN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Fluid Dynamics [physics.flu-dyn], Materials science, Capillary action, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Optics, Engineering, Composite material, cond-mat.soft, Chemical Physics, business.industry, Small volume, Drop (liquid), General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Chemical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Various materials are made of long thin fibers that are randomly oriented to form a complex network in which drops of wetting liquid tend to accumulate at the nodes. The capillary force exerted by the liquid can bend flexible fibers, which in turn influences the morphology adopted by the liquid. In this paper, we investigate through a model situation the role of the fiber flexibility on the shape of a small volume of liquid on a pair of crossed flexible fibers. We characterize the liquid morphologies as we vary the volume of liquid, the angle between the fibers, and the length of the fibers. The drop morphologies previously reported for rigid crossed fibers, i.e., a drop, a column and a mixed morphology, are also observed on flexible crossed fibers with modified domains of existence. In addition, at small tilt angles between the fibers, a new behavior is observed: the fibers bend and collapse. Depending on the volume of liquid, a thin column with or without a drop is reported on the collapsed fibers. Our study suggests that the fiber flexibility adds a rich variety of behaviors that may be important for some applications.
Published: 2016
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