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The Internet is used for exchanging information. Sometimes it is required to transmit confidential data over the internet. Here the authors use image steganography to embed confidential data within a cover image. To construct the technique, this article combines the help of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform (BWT) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). PSO is included to take the enhanced version of the host image. The enhanced version of the host images is more sharp and bright. Bi-Orthogonal Wavelet Transform is included to choose the selective sub-bands of the host image. Genetic Algorithm is used to select the fittest hidden image among a set of hidden images which are created after mutation. Later, the hidden image would produce a confidential password using an innovative technique. Thus an innovative technique of image steganography is introduced to transmit confidential data in a cover image. This combinational approach of image steganography is quite safe for confidential data transmission and really difficult for the attackers to retrieve the confidential data.

The immense measure of classified information has been moved on the internet. Information security turns out to be progressively significant for some applications, for instance, private transmission, video observation, military, and clinical applications. Lately, there has been a great deal of enthusiasm for steganography and steganalysis. Steganography is the specialty of covering up and transmitting information through clearly harmless transporters with an end goal to disguise the presence of information. The advanced picture information, for example, BMP, JPEG, and GIF, are generally utilized as a transporter for steganography. Here the mystery message is implanted into a picture (or any media) called spread picture and afterward sent to the beneficiary who extricates the mystery message from the spread message. This picture ought not to be discernible from the spread picture, with the goal that the aggressor can't find any implanted message. The authors have proposed three approaches of steganography that can easily support message privacy.

In the information technology community, communication is a vital issue. And image transfer creates a major role in the communication of data through various insecure channels. Security concerns may forestall the direct sharing of information and how these different gatherings cooperatively direct data mining without penetrating information security presents a challenge. Cryptography includes changing over a message text into an unintelligible figure and steganography inserts message into a spread media and shroud its reality. Both these plans are successfully actualized in images. To facilitate a safer transfer of image, many cryptosystems have been proposed for the image encryption scheme. This chapter proposes an innovative image encryption method that is quicker than the current researches. The secret key is encrypted using an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm and it is embedded in the ciphered image using the LSB technique. Statistical analysis of the proposed approach shows that the researcher's approach is faster and has optimal accuracy.

Digital enterprise transformation is the amalgamation of digital techniques into the scopes of a business enterprise, fundamentally altering how one can employ and furnish ethics to clients. An organization can be authorized to take digital transformation due to several reasons. But the most important reason is that it is the survival issuance for many people. Digital transformation considers dissimilarity in every organization. Generally, it is the amalgamation of digital technology into all quarters of business. That consolidation brings about major alterations in how the business functions and conveys usefulness to its clients. Here, steganography and cryptography are used to facilitate digital transformation in any business.

In this digital era, most of the daily works of users are captured in digital forms like image, audio, video, or even text. These may contain sensitive, confidential, or private information as well. To keep these, there are different techniques exercised over the years like chest, coffer, repository, treasury, etc. Sometimes such ways of hiding information attract unintended users. Therefore, steganography has been applied to digital objects in a new form called digital steganography. This chapter enforces identifying methods in digital steganography. The basic model of any type of digital steganography is composed of three types of objects: cover object, text to be hidden, and stego object. Depending on the type of cover object, different types of digital steganography methods have been defined. Only data hiding in text is discussed.

In this chapter, the authors present an innovative, smart controller to sustain mobility in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Principally, the focal point is dependent on the arrangement of fuzzy input variables (i.e., remaining battery power [RBP], mobility, and centrality solution) to crucial usages, similar to personnel safety in an industrialized atmosphere. A mobility controller dependent upon type-1 fuzzy logic (T1FL) is planned to support sensor mobile nodes (MN). Here, a role model cluster head (RMCH) is picked out among the cluster heads (CHs) that may simply convey the message to the mobile base station (BS) by determining the appropriate type-1 fuzzy (T1F) descriptors such as RBP, mobility of the sink, and the centrality of the clusters. Type-1 fuzzy inference system (Mamdani's rule) is utilized to opt for the possibility to be RMCH. The validity of the introduced model is carried out by means of multiple linear regressions.

Steganography is the way to conceal data inside a normal (non-mystery) record to keep it from discovery. While encryption expects to conceal the substance of data, steganography means to shroud the presence of data. Information security is significant when touchy information is communicated over the internet. Steganography and steganalysis methods can take care of the issue of copyright, possession, and discovery of malevolent information. Steganography is to conceal mystery information without contortion, and steganalysis is to distinguish the presence of shrouded information. In this chapter, steganography and steganalysis methods are depicted along with AI structures to show that AI systems can be utilized to recognize the mystery information covered up in the picture utilizing steganography calculations.

Microblogging, where millions of users exchange messages to share their opinions on different trending and non-trending topics, is one of the popular communication media in recent times. Several researchers are concentrating on these data due to a huge source of information exchanges in online social media. In platforms such as Twitter, dataset-generated lacks coherence, and manually extracting meaning or knowledge from them proves to be painstakingly difficult. It opens up the challenges to the researchers for knowledge extraction driven by a summarization approach. Therefore, automated summary generation tools are recommended to get a meaningful summary out of a given topic becomes crucial in the age of big data. In this work, an unsupervised, extractive summarization model has been proposed. For categorization of data, k-means algorithm has been used, and based on scoring of each document in the corpus, summarization model is designed. The proposed methodology achieves an improved outcome over existing methods, such as lexical rank, sum basic, LSA, etc. evaluated by rouge tool.

COVID-19 is likely to pose a significant threat to healthcare, especially for disadvantaged populations due to the inadequate condition of public health services with people's lack of financial ways to obtain healthcare. The primary intention of such research was to investigate trend analysis for total daily confirmed cases with new corona virus (i.e., COVID-19) in the countries of Africa and Asia. The study utilized the daily recorded time series observed for two weeks (52 observations) in which the data is obtained from the world health organization (WHO) and world meter website. Univariate ARIMA models were employed. STATA 14.2 and Minitab 14 statistical software were used for the analysis at 5% significance level for testing hypothesis. Throughout time frame studied, because all four series are non-stationary at level, they became static after the first variation. The result revealed the appropriate time series model (ARIMA) for Ethiopia, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria were Moving Average order 2, ARIMA(1, 1, 1), ARIMA(2, 1, 1), and ARIMA (1, 1, 2), respectively.

Data Transmission in network security is one of the most vital issues in today's communication world. The outcome of the suggested method is outlined over here. Enhanced security can be achieved by this method. The vigorous growth in the field of information communication has made information transmission much easier. But this type of advancement has opened up many possibilities of information being snooped. So, day-by-day maintaining of information security is becoming an inseparable part of computing and communication. In this paper, the authors have explored techniques that blend cryptography & steganography together. In steganography, information is kept hidden behind a cover image. In this paper, approaches for information hiding using both cryptography & steganography is proposed keeping in mind two considerations - size of the encrypted object and degree of security. Here, signature image information is kept hidden into cover image using private key of sender & receiver, which extracts the information from stego image using a public key. This approach can be used for message authentication, message integrity & non-repudiation purpose.

Steganography is data hiding technique in internet. Here we send CAPTCHA codes within a cover image using Image steganography. CAPTCHA are the crazy codes. They are used in human response test. The word is actually an acronym for: "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart". It is a type of challenge–response test used in computing to determine whether or not the user is a human. Websites implement CAPTCHA codes into their registration processes due to spam. This is the utility of CAPTCHA codes. Here we generate CAPTCHA codes and later send them in an encrypted version. So, actually CAPTCHA codes are embedded into cover image with an encrypted form resulting stego image and thus attackers cannot fetch the actual CAPTCHA resulting in a secured transmission of confidential data using image steganography.