Author: "TéléDiffusion de France (TDF)" / Topic: 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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24 results on '"TéléDiffusion de France (TDF)"'

1. On demand QoS with a SDN traffic engineering management (STEM) module

Author: Cao-Thanh Phan, Geraldine Texier, Cedric Morin, TéléDiffusion de France ( TDF ), Groupe TDF, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) ( Network ), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com ( IRT b-com ), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), and Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com)
Subjects: OpenFlow, business.industry, computer.internet_protocol, Network packet, Computer science, Quality of service, Path computation element, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Multiprotocol Label Switching, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Traffic engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Forwarding plane, business, Software-defined networking, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer network
Abstract: Software Defined Networking (SDN) allows new approaches to provide Quality of Service (QoS). In legacy networks, strict QoS guarantees often result in bandwidth over-provisioning. Then, QoS enforcement either consumes too many resources, or is not flexible enough. We present a solution to provide QoS based on the creation of on-demand MPLS tunnels with guaranteed bandwidths across an SDN network. We introduce an SDN Traffic Engineering Management (STEM) module that interacts with the northbound applications to satisfy their requests to forward QoS-guaranteed traffic flows. STEM delegates the path selection to a Path Computation Element (PCE), and the path enforcement to an SDN controller. We rely on a stateful PCE to record the attributed resources and estimate the remaining network capacity, avoiding overloading the network with monitoring traffic. Upon STEM requests, the SDN controller enforces the QoS policy in the data plane. User flows are aggregated into MPLS tunnels and packets are labeled with a priority depending on the flow effective bandwidth. We highlight the shortfalls of several material and software OpenFlow compatible switches and detail an implementation based on a pica8 switch to overcome them. The experimental results demonstrate that this solution efficiently enforces bandwidth sharing in SDN networks.
Published: 2017
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2. Seamless Multicast : an SDN-based architecture for continuous audiovisual transport

Author: Francis Lepage, Constant Colombo, Eric Gnaedinger, Rene Kopp, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Polytech Nancy / Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Technologies de l'Ingénieur de Nancy (ESSTIN), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Seamless, Scheme (programming language), Bandwidth management, Computer science, IT service continuity, Controller (computing), 02 engineering and technology, SDN, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Multicast, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Architecture, computer.programming_language, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Real-time audiovisual stream, Digital terrestrial television, OpenFlow, Disjoint trees, Proof of concept, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, computer, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; For audiovisual network operators, end-users satisfaction is a major issue. This is the case for TDF who operates a nationwide network in France whose main purpose is to carry Digital Terrestrial Television streams. Such audiovisual content is forwarded through multicast real-time streams which require continuity of service. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to define a new architecture to prevent impact during network healing time. The proposed architecture aims to use a pair of redundant multicast trees, and ensure their seamless resiliency. This architecture called “Seamless Multicast” takes advantage of the network-end equipment’s ability to receive and combine two identical streams, complete or not. The main contribution of this paper is the development and evaluation of an algorithm for the computation of a pair of multicast trees and the associated hitless deployment scheme. Implementation requires an Software-Defined Networking architecture, in which performance knowledge and bandwidth management are centralized in a controller. A proof of concept controller has been used for validation of the architecture’s global behaviour using a virtualized environment in multiple scenarios.
Published: 2021
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3. Reconfigurable Antenna Array With Reduced Power Consumption—–Synthesis Methods and Experimental Validations in S-Band

Author: Laurent Leze, Sébastien Palud, Franck Colombel, Benjamin Fuchs, Stéphane Avrillon, Seydouba Fofana, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, TDF, Liffré, France, French Region of Brittany, Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Rennes Métropole and Conseil Départemental 35, through the CPER Project SOPHIE/STIC and Ondes, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Reconfigurable antenna, Computer science, Amplifier, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, Arbitrary waveform generator, Radiation pattern, Power (physics), law.invention, Antenna array, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Dipole, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Baseband, Electronic engineering, S band, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience; The design and realization of a reconfigurable antenna array operating in the 3.4-3.8 GHz band is presented. Array synthesis methods are developed to reduce the power consumption and are experimentally validated by measurements. The array is composed of 16 dual-polarized dipoles whose excitations are provided by a baseband arbitrary waveform generator. The array is able to radiate simultaneously two or more focused beams in one plane over a scanning range of ±45°, these beams can be reconfigured at will. To achieve these radiation pattern requirements while reducing as much as possible the array power consumption, specific antenna array synthesis tools are developed. In particular, the way to synthesize two sparse arrays at two frequencies having common switched-off antennas is proposed and described. This strategy, together with the synthesis of uniform amplitude excitations, enables to harness the consumption characteristics of power amplifiers. This energy-efficient synthesis means that two mobile operators can share the same antenna array. Several representative measurement results of the array prototype validate the radiation performances and experimentally demonstrate the achieved reduction of power consumption.
Published: 2021
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4. Comprehensive Survey of FIR-Based Sample Rate Conversion

Author: Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, Ali Zeineddine, Stephane Paquelet, Pierre Yves Jezequel, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Renesas Technology, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Finite impulse response, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, Computer science, Farrow structure, Speech coding, Newton structure, 02 engineering and technology, Theoretical Computer Science, CIC filter, Polyphase filter, FIR filter, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Polyphase system, Hardware_ARITHMETICANDLOGICSTRUCTURES, Linear phase, Cascaded integrator–comb filter, Signal processing, Sample rate conversion, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Software-defined radio, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Computer engineering, Hardware and Architecture, Control and Systems Engineering, Modeling and Simulation, Signal Processing, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Information Systems
Abstract: International audience; Sample rate conversion (SRC) is ubiquitous and critical function of software defined radio and other signal processing systems (speech coding and synthesis, computer simulation of continuous-time systems, etc..). In this paper, we present a survey on linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) based sampling rate conversion. Many different FIR-based SRC solutions exist, such as classical FIR, polyphase, Farrow, cascaded-integrator-comb, and Newton structures. Each one of these solutions is presented differently in the literature, and SRC reference books introducing the subject are often missing hardware implementation aspects. The main objective of this paper is to provide a simple and comprehensive overview of main FIR-based SRC techniques from theoretical to hardware implementation aspects. The state of the art of FIR-based SRC filters is summed-up through a concise derivation of the different solutions from a common root: linear phase FIR filters. Each SRC solution is presented from both theoretical and practical implementation points of view. The paper provides a succinct tutorial that introduces SRC, and helps identifying and implementing the appropriate FIR-based SRC architecture for any given applications.
Published: 2020
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5. Convergence of the Newton Structure Transfer Function to the Ideal Fractional Delay Filter

Author: Stephane Paquelet, Ali Zeineddine, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Frequency response, Finite impulse response, fractional delay filters, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, 02 engineering and technology, Transfer function, symbols.namesake, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Applied mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Signal sampling, finite impulse response filter, Mathematics, convergence, Ideal (set theory), Applied Mathematics, Lagrange polynomial, 020206 networking & telecommunications, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Unit circle, Signal Processing, symbols, Newton's interpolation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Digital filter, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; This letter presents a rigorous demonstration of the convergence of the Newton fractional-delay filter to the ideal fractional delay filter. The Newton structure is a very efficient implementation of Lagrange interpolation using a variable fractional delay filter structure. Through the developed demonstration, a new approach is proposed to define the ideal fractional delay filter as the limit of any digital filter implementing on Lagrange interpolation. This letter also proves that the Z-transform expression of the ideal fractional delay has a fully defined frequency response on the unit circle.
Published: 2019
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6. Quality-driven Variable Frame-Rate for Green Video Coding in Broadcast Applications

Author: Wassim Hamidouche, Charles Bonnineau, Luce Morin, Glenn Herrou, Patrick Dumenil, Jerome Fournier, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10-AIRT-0007, French Government through the ANR Investment, and ANR-10-AIRT-0007,B-COM,B-COM(2010)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), High Frame-Rate (HFR), Computer science, Real-time computing, 02 engineering and technology, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Video quality, Frame rate, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Digital Video Broadcasting, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, Variable frame rate, Codec, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Ultra-High Definition (UHD), Encoder, High dynamic range, variable frame-rate
Abstract: International audience; The Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) has proposed to introduce the Ultra-High Definition services in three phases: UHD-1 phase 1, UHD-1 phase 2 and UHD-2. The UHD-1 phase 2 specification includes several new features such as High Dynamic Range (HDR) and High Frame-Rate (HFR). It has been shown in several studies that HFR (+100 fps) enhances the perceptual quality and that this quality enhancement is content-dependent. On the other hand, HFR brings several challenges to the transmission chain including codec complexity increase and bit-rate overhead, which may delay or even prevent its deployment in the broadcast echo-system. In this paper, we propose a Variable Frame Rate (VFR) solution to determine the minimum (critical) frame-rate that preserves the perceived video quality of HFR video. The frame-rate determination is modeled as a 3-class classification problem which consists in dynamically and locally selecting one frame-rate among three: 30, 60 and 120 frames per second. Two random forests classifiers are trained with a ground truth carefully built by experts for this purpose. The subjective results conducted on ten HFR video contents, not included in the training set, clearly show the efficiency of the proposed solution enabling to locally determine the lowest possible frame-rate while preserving the quality of the HFR content. Moreover, our VFR solution enables significant bit-rate savings and complexity reductions at both encoder and decoder sides.
Published: 2020
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7. Scalable Video Coding for Backward-Compatible 360° Video Delivery Over Broadcast Networks

Author: Pierre-Loup Cabarat, Thibaud Biatek, Jean-Francois Travers, Olivier Deforges, Wassim Hamidouche, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Two Clusters Images and Reseaux and Cap Digital, French Government, Two Local Councils Region Bretagne and Region Ile De France, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: HEVC, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, UHD, Backward compatibility, 360 •, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Broadband, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Transform coding, scalability, business.industry, 4K, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Spectral efficiency, broadcast, Scalable Video Coding, SHVC, Scalability, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Video coding, broadband, business, Decoding methods, Coding (social sciences), Computer network
Abstract: International audience; Recently, the coding and transmission of immersive 360 • video has been intensely studied. The technologies provided by standards developing organizations mainly address requirements coming from over-the-top services. The terrestrial broadcast remains in many countries the mainstream medium to deliver high quality contents to a wide audience. To enable seamless introduction of immersive 360 • video services over terrestrial broadcast, the deployed technologies shall fulfill requirements such as backward compatibility to legacy receivers and high bandwidth efficiency. While bandwidth efficiency is addressed by existing techniques, none of them enables legacy video services decoding. In this paper, a novel scalable coding scheme is proposed to enable immersive 360 • video services introduction over broadcast networks. The experiments show that the proposed scalable coding scheme provides substantial coding gains of 14.99% compared to simulcast coding and introduces a limited coding overhead of 5.15% compared to 360 • single-layer coding. A real-time decoding implementation is proposed, highlighting the relevance of the proposed design. Eventually, an end-to-end demonstrator illustrates how the proposed solution could be integrated in a real terrestrial broadcast environment.
Published: 2020
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8. VERSATILE VIDEO CODING AND SUPER-RESOLUTION FOR EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF 8K VIDEO WITH 4K BACKWARD-COMPATIBILITY

Author: Charles Bonnineau, Jean-Francois Travers, Wassim Hamidouche, Olivier Deforges, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), HEVC, Super-Resolution, business.industry, Computer science, Structural similarity, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Superresolution, Backward compatibility, SHVC, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 8K, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, business, Decoding methods, Computer hardware, VVC, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we propose, through an objective study, to compare and evaluate the performance of different coding approaches allowing the delivery of an 8K video signal with 4K backward-compatibility on broadcast networks. Presented approaches include simulcast of 8K and 4K single-layer signals encoded using High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standards, spatial scalability using SHVC with 4K base layer (BL) and 8K enhancement-layer (EL), and super-resolution applied on 4K VVC signal after decoding to reach 8K resolution. For up-scaling, we selected the deep-learning-based super-resolution method called Super-Resolution with Feedback Network (SRFBN) and the Lanczos interpolation filter. We show that the deep-learning-based approach achieves visual quality gain over simulcast, especially on bit-rates lower than 30Mb/s with average gain of 0.77dB, 0.015, and 7.97 for PSNR, SSIM, and VMAF, respectively and out-performs the Lanczos filter in average by 29% of BD-rate savings.
Published: 2020

9. VNF placement algorithms to address the mono-and multi-tenant issues in edge and core networks

Author: Cao-Thanh Phan, Geraldine Texier, Gilles Desmangles, Cedric Morin, Christelle Caillouet, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Advanced technologies for operated networks (ADOPNET), Université de Rennes (UR)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Systèmes Réseaux, Cybersécurité et Droit du numérique (IMT Atlantique - SRCD), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Combinatorics, Optimization and Algorithms for Telecommunications (COATI), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), COMmunications, Réseaux, systèmes Embarqués et Distribués (Laboratoire I3S - COMRED), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Heuristic (computer science), Computer science, 05 social sciences, VNF placement optimization, 050801 communication & media studies, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, mono-tenant architecture, Virtualization, computer.software_genre, Network topology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, Scalability, multi- tenant architecture, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Resource management, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Virtual network, Algorithm, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 5G
Abstract: The Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) concept offers network operators the ability to provide more scalable and less expensive services, free from the limitations inherent to hardware devices. However, in 5G networks, the functions must be deployed not only in large central data centers, but also in the edge. We propose an algorithm that solves the Virtual Network Function Chain Placement Problem allowing a fine management of these rare resources in order to respond to the greatest number of requests possible. Because networks can be divided into several entities belonging to different tenants who are reluctant to reveal their internal topologies, we propose a heuristic that allows the NFV orchestrator to place the function chains based only on an abstract view of the infrastructure network. We leverage this approach to address the complexity of the problem in large mono- or multi-tenant networks. We analyze the efficiency of our algorithm and heuristic with respect to a wide range of parameters and topologies.
Published: 2019
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10. Efficient Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion for Multi-Standard Digital Front-Ends

Author: Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, Ali Zeineddine, Stephane Paquelet, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Renesas Technology, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Sample rate conversion, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 05 social sciences, Fractional delay filter, Structure (category theory), 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Variable (computer science), Digital Front-End, Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion, Computer engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0502 economics and business, Newton Structure, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Field-programmable gate array, Implementation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 050203 business & management, Digital front end
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we study the hardware implementation of arbitrary sample rate conversion (ASRC) using recently proposed variable fractional delay filter (V-FDF) structures. The most commonly used solution to implement V-FDFs has been the Farrow structure for the last three decades. In this work, we develop and compare the implementations of different recently proposed V-FDF options based on the Newton structure. These implementations are done on both ASIC and FPGA targets. The obtained results show that the recently proposed solutions offer better ASRC performance while using up to 3 times less resources relatively to the classical Farrow structure. The generic nature of these filters make them suited for a large number of standards.
Published: 2019
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11. RECONFIGURABLE NEWTON STRUCTURE FOR SAMPLE RATE CONVERSION

Author: M. Kanj, Amor Nafkha, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Christophe Moy, Ali Zeineddine, Stephane Paquelet, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Hermite polynomials, Sample rate conversion, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Lagrange polynomial, Control reconfiguration, Reconfigurability, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, Spline (mathematics), Sample Rate Conversion, Reconfiguration, Newton Structure, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Two sample, Algorithm, Interpolation
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, a novel method for designing reconfigurable Newton structure is proposed. The Newton structure is a variable fractional delay filter that implements Lagrange interpolation only. This structure has been extended later in the literature to implement other types of interpolation, such as Spline and Hermite interpolations. Our proposed method develops dynamically reconfigurable Newton structures that allow implementing different interpolation methods using the same fixed hardware implementation. This method allows reconfigurability through one input variable. Moreover, we present two sample rate conversion examples where we show how our method allows adapting the interpolation method to the processed signal, maximizing thereby the filtering performance. © 2018 IEEE.
Published: 2018
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12. An efficient and lightweight load forecasting for proactive scaling in 5G mobile networks

Author: César Viho, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Philippe Bertin, Davy Darche, Imad Alawe, Adlen Ksentinit, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)
Subjects: Computer science, Distributed computing, Neural Network, Core network, 02 engineering and technology, Scaling, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0302 clinical medicine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Training, Cluster analysis, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Deep learning, Quality of service, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Provisioning, Mobile Core Network, Scalability, Artificial intelligence, business, Prediction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 5G
Abstract: International audience; The number of connected devices is increasing with the emergence of new services and trends. This phenomenon is leading to a traffic growth over both the control and the data planes of the mobile core network. It is expected that the traffic will increase more and more with the installation of the new generation of mobile networking (5G) as it offers more services that are intended to be connected over the same network in addition to the legacy ones. Therefore the 3GPP group has rethought the architecture of the New Generation Core (NGC) by defining its components as Virtualized Network Functions (VNF). However, scalability techniques should be envisioned in order to answer the needs, in term of resource provisioning, without degrading the Quality Of Service (QoS) already offered by hardware based core networks. Neural networks, and in particular deep learning, having shown their effectiveness in predicting time series, could be good candidates for predicting traffic evolution. In this paper, we proposed a novel solution to generalize neural networks while accelerating the learning process by using K-mean clustering, and a Monte-Carlo method. We benchmarked multiple types of deep neural networks using real operator's data in order to compare their efficiency in predicting the upcoming network load for dynamic and proactive resource provisioning. The proposed solution allow obtaining very good predictions of the traffic evolution while reducing by 50% the time needed for the learning phase.
Published: 2018

13. Two SDN multi-tree approaches for constrained seamless multicast

Author: Eric Gnaedinger, Constant Colombo, Rene Kopp, Francis Lepage, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: Seamless, Computer science, IT service continuity, Path computation element, Transport network, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, SDN, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quality of experience, Routing, Multicast, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Real-time stream, Delay Constrained, Bandwidth allocation, Disjoint trees, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, QoE, Software-defined networking, business, Multi-cast, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; In Content Delivery Networks (CDN), Quality of Experience (QoE) provides two major performance indicators that are availability and continuity of service. As a consequence, network robustness has become a major concern for network operators. TDF operates a traditional transport network for video and audio transport through multicast. Any failure on the network causes a recovery time implying loss and an impact in the content viewing. This illustrate that service continuity is a direct consequence of network availability. This work aims to propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture [1] in which a central controller uses its knowledge of the performance and bandwidth allocation to compute redundant disjoint multicast trees. Two maximally independent trees carrying the same stream over the network are deployed. When a failure occurs, at least one of the trees is still active, eliminating any discontinuity on the content viewing. This paper is focused on the Path Computation Element (PCE), which is based on previous works and the Suurballe-Tarjan algorithm [2]. Two algorithms are presented in this paper, which both fulfill the requirement of the architecture.
Published: 2018
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14. Generalization and Coefficients Optimization of the Newton Structure

Author: Christophe Moy, Stephane Paquelet, Amor Nafkha, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Ali Zeineddine, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Renesas Technology, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)
Subjects: Generalization, Computer science, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Lagrange polynomial, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Filter (signal processing), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Reduction (complexity), symbols.namesake, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Applied mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Closed-form expression, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interpolation, Variable (mathematics)
Abstract: The Newton structure is a very efficient implementation of a variable fractional delay filter performing Lagrange interpolation. In this paper, we study the generalization of this structure by developing the closed form expressions of the generalized structure. Through this, any Farrow structure can be replaced by the Newton structure that is more efficient in terms of complexity. Moreover, the closed form expression of the frequency response of the generalized Newton structure is developed. This expression enables the application of filter optimization methods to build customized Newton structures. We demonstrate how this makes possible the design of optimized Newton structures that offer a reduction in complexity by half compared to their Farrow counterparts, while keeping a similar filtering performance.
Published: 2018
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15. Variable Fractional Delay Filter: A Novel Architecture Based on Hermite Interpolation

Author: Stephane Paquelet, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Ali Zeineddine, Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Renesas Technology, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Hermite polynomials, Computer science, Fractional delay filter, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Filter (signal processing), Field (computer science), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Hermite interpolation, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Architecture, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interpolation, Variable (mathematics)
Abstract: This paper proposes a method for generating low complexity architectures of variable fractional delay filters based on Hermite interpolation. Based on the proposed technique, two novel architectures are introduced to realize modified Newton structures of order three and five. The computational complexity and the performance of these two structures are compared with those of the similar structures based on Lagrange and B-spline interpolations, which are the most commonly used in the field. We show that the proposed Hermite based structures can achieve better filtering performance by combining the advantages of the two other interpolation methods, while having substantially lower hardware complexity.
Published: 2018
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16. Backward Compatible Layered Video Coding for 360° Video Broadcast

Author: Wassim Hamidouche, Thibaud Biatek, Pierre-Loup Cabarat, Jean-Francois Travers, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Computer science, business.industry, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Video broadcast, ENCODE, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Backward compatibility, Computer hardware, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract: Recently, coding of 360° video contents has been investigated in the context of over-the-top streaming services. To be delivered using terrestrial broadcast, it is required to provide backward compatibility of such content to legacy receivers. In this paper, a novel layered coding scheme is proposed to address the delivery of 360° video content over terrestrial broadcast networks. One or several views are extracted from the 360° video and coded as base layers using standard HEVC encoding. Inter-layer reference pictures are built based on projected base-layers and are used in the enhancement layer to encode the 360° video. Experimental results show that the proposed approach provides substantial coding gains of 14.99% compared to simulcast coding and enables limited coding overhead of 5.15% compared to 360° single-layer coding.
Published: 2018
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17. On the scalability of 5G Core network: the AMF case

Author: Adlen Ksentini, Philippe Bertin, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Davy Darche, Imad Alawe, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Computer science, Distributed computing, NGC, Core network, 020302 automobile design & engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Load balancing (computing), Scaling, Load Balancing, Load management, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0203 mechanical engineering, AMF, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Control Theory, Mobility management, 5G
Abstract: International audience; One of the requirement of 5G is to support massive number of connected devices, considering many use-cases such as IoT and massive Machine Type Communication (MTC). While this represents an interesting opportunity for operators to grow their business, it will need new mechanisms to scale and manage the envisioned high number of devices and their generated traffic. Particularity, the signaling traffic, which will overload the 5G core Network Function (NF) in charge of authentication and mobility, namely Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). The objective of this paper is to provide an algorithm based on Control Theory allowing: (i) to equilibrate the load on the AMF instances in order to maintain an optimal response time with limited computing latency; (ii) to scale out or in the AMF instance (using NFV techniques) depending on the network load to save energy and avoid wasting resources. Obtained results via computer system indicate the superiority of our algorithm in ensuring fair load balancing while scaling dynamically with the traffic load.
Published: 2018
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18. Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Networks for Mobile TV Services

Author: Pierre Bretillon, Jean-François Hélard, Matthieu Crussiere, Stephane Paquelet, Pape-Abdoulaye Fam, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Mobile broadband, 05 social sciences, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 050801 communication & media studies, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Broadcasting, 7. Clean energy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], 0508 media and communications, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile telephony, Unicast, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Computer network, Efficient energy use
Abstract: International audience; The increasing popularity of linear services such as mobile TV, broadcasting live and sports events using mobile and portable devices, has led to a dramatic growth of the mobile data traffic. To deal with this traffic explosion, future networks have to increase the capacity offered to mobile communications, while at the same time trying to reduce their energy consumption. Actually, recent studies have shown that network cooperation is a promising candidate to deal with such issues. Based on these facts, this paper addresses the optimization of the energy efficiency of a hybrid network in which a broadcast and a unicast networks cooperate to deliver linear type of services to mobile and portable devices. Two optimization methods have been proposed to analytically find the optimal broadcast coverage area that maximizes the energy efficiency of the hybrid network. Simulation results show that using such a hybrid approach improves the overall energy efficiency.
Published: 2017

19. Investigation on an effective magnetic permeability of the rod-shaped ferrites

Author: Franck Colombel, Mohamed Himdi, Sébastien Palud, Evgueni Kaverine, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Engineering, Electromagnetics, Magnetic permeability, business.industry, 020209 energy, Rod antennas, Mechanical permeability, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Circular cross-sections, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Inductance, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Rod-shaped, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Numerical results, Ferrite (magnet), Simulation model, Ferrites, sense organs, Composite material, business, Full waves
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, we provide full-wave numerical results concerning the effective magnetic permeability of the rod-shaped ferrites which is useful in the calculation of the inductance or the efficiency of ferrite rod antennas. This study covers the circular cross-section ferrites with a centered winding fitting the diameter of the rod. A careful attention is taken to the simulation model, and obtained results are in better agreement with the measured coils than existing solution published earlier. © 2017, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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20. Intermodulation distortion and compression point measurement of active integrated antennas using a radiative method

Author: Sébastien Palud, Evgueni Kaverine, Mohamed Himdi, Dominique Lemur, Franck Colombel, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Electromagnetics, Acoustics, Measurement procedures, Intermodulation distortion, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Compression (functional analysis), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radiative transfer, Point (geometry), Mathematics, Parallel plates, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Complementary tools, Linearity, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Condensed Matter Physics, Parallel plate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Compression points, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Integrated antennas, Antennas, Telecommunications, business, Active integrated antenna, Intermodulation
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, a measurement procedure allowing the characterization of active integrated antennas in terms of intermodulation distortion and compression point inside of a parallel plate cell is presented. The validity of the radiative measurement is shown and compared to the traditional guided procedure. A good agreement between the two methods shows that this approach allows the evaluation of the overall linearity behavior of arbitrary complex integrated antennas and can serve as a complementary tool when the traditional guided method cannot be applied. © 2017, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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21. Optimal capacity of hybrid unicast-broadcast networks for mobile TV services

Author: Pierre Bretillon, Pape-Abdoulaye Fam, Jean-François Hélard, Stephane Paquelet, Matthieu Crussiere, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), IEEE, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: Computer science, Numerical models, Distributed computing, Unicast, 050801 communication & media studies, 02 engineering and technology, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, Atomic broadcast, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, Broadcast radiation, Computer Science::Information Theory, Signal to noise ratio, Digital video broadcasting, business.industry, Resource management, 05 social sciences, Broadcast domain, 020206 networking & telecommunications, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Network planning and design, Planning, Broadcast communication network, Convex optimization, business, optimization, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Computer network
Abstract: International audience; This paper studies the optimal broadcast coverage radius in a hybrid network from the perspective of network planning. The hybrid network is composed of a unicast and broadcast systems which cooperate to deliver linear services on portable and mobile devices. First we define a hybrid approach in which the coverage radius of the broadcast network is adjusted according to the distribution of the users in the service area. Then, by applying convex optimization methods, we derive a closed-form expression of the optimal broadcast coverage radius that maximizes the average capacity per user in the hybrid network. The results show that the closed-form expression of the broadcast coverage radius is in good agreement with the simulation results, which validates the theoretical approach.
Published: 2016
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22. Analytical Derivation and Optimization of a Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Network for Linear Services

Author: Pape Abdoulaye Fam, Matthieu Crussiere, Pierre Bretillon, Stephane Paquelet, Jean-François Hélard, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SCN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes)
Subjects: Service (systems architecture), business.industry, Computer science, Quality of service, Mobile computing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Network simulation, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Convex optimization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Digital television, Mobile telephony, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Unicast, delivery, business, Computer network
Abstract: International audience; This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the performance of an hybrid network composed of a broadband system and a broadcast system which cooperate to deliver linear services on portable and mobile devices. First, we propose a global system model for the hybrid network in which the coverage area of the broadcast system is adjusted with respect to the spatial distribution of the users. Then based on the number of users requesting the services, the model parameters are optimized to increase the capacity of the hybrid network while guaranteeing a given quality of service. By applying convex optimization techniques, we derive a closed-form expression of the optimal coverage radius of the broadcast system that maximizes the capacity of the hybrid network. Next, based on this theoretical model, we analyze the performances of the optimized hybrid network. The results show that, depending on the number of users requesting the service, significant improvements of the capacity and quality of service are achieved with the hybrid network. Finally, regarding the planning of a cooperative network, this paper can be used to determine the optimal planning parameters of the broadcasting system for the delivery of linear services.
Published: 2016
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23. Computation of the field radiated by a FM transmitter by means of ordinary kriging

Author: Philippe Briend, Francois Jouvie, Francois Jacquin, Emmanuel Nicolas, Dominique Lecointe, DRE - Département de Recherche en Electromagnétisme, EMG - Département Electromagnétisme - L2S, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SUPELEC-Campus Gif, Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and contrat industriel
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Computer simulation, Computation, FM transmitter, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010104 statistics & probability, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, law, Spatial reference system, Kriging, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, 0101 mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Variogram, Algorithm, Frequency modulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: The maintenance of frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting sites is one of the activities of TDF to guarantee the availability of broadcasting services for its clients. As it is not always possible to stop the broadcasting due to the large number of listeners, TDF has to guarantee the safety of workplaces with respect to the limits of exposure to electromagnetic fields inside the mast near the antenna. Exposure limits are defined in the European Directive for workers (see [1]). Today, TDF carries out measurements with broadband fieldmeter to identify areas above the action level in terms of electric field limit, but for precise measurements, three axes probing with selective measurements are carried out, frequency by frequency, inside the workplace. Hence, the magnitude of the electric field in the zone is obtained either by a broadband fieldmeter which is moved manually along a vertical axis or by a selective three axes probing with a lot of punctual measurements to have a spatial sampling of the field in the volume of interest. Regrettably, in practice, measurements take a long time because of the difficult situation of measurement points, the closeness of metallic structures and a lack of place inside the mast. Consequently, the number of sampling points is generally too limited to assess the exposure. The challenge is not only to assess the field level anywhere inside the volume of interest, without any additional measurements, but also to know the uncertainty associated to the assessed value. By comparing these results to the limit value, one can conclude on the safety of the volume. As a simple interpolation of the measured values does not yield the associated uncertainty, we examine in this paper how ordinary kriging can be an effective tool to take up this challenge. The paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, we recall the main theoretical results concerning the ordinary kriging and, particularly, the variogram. In Section 3, we explain why numerical simulation is used as a help in the implemented process and we present a description of the FM transmitter numerical model. In Section 4, we detail the computations of bidimensional variograms that concern the distribution of electric field in restricted planes of the spatial coordinates system. In Section 5, we detail the construction of three-dimensional variograms that are necessary for the computation of fields over volumes. Finally, some concluding remarks are given in Section 6.
Published: 2011
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24. An on-site 'SAR' evaluation using interpolation and plane-wave decomposition

Author: David Lautru, M.F. Wong, Joe Wiart, V. Fouad-Hanna, E. Nicolas, F. Jacquin, A. Gati, F. Saidi, France Telecom Division R&D [Issy-les-Moulineaux], France Télécom, Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), and Groupe TDF
Subjects: Electromagnetic field, Engineering, FDTD, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, electromagnetic human exposure, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Decomposition (computer science), Plane wave decomposition, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010302 applied physics, in-situ SAR assessment, business.industry, Finite-difference time-domain method, Specific absorption rate, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, interpolation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Human exposure, plane-wave decomposition, business, Microwave, Interpolation
Abstract: Two efficient techniques are investigated for the evaluation of the human exposure to electromagnetic fields in terms of the on-site assessment of the specific absorption rate (SAR) using interpolation techniques and plane-wave decomposition. These methods allow evaluating, in an optimal manner, the induced electromagnetic field and the SAR in a human tissue using both the measurements and calculation resulting in the alleviation of imposed constraints on them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1501–1505, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23406
Published: 2008
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24 results on '"TéléDiffusion de France (TDF)"'

1. On demand QoS with a SDN traffic engineering management (STEM) module

2. Seamless Multicast : an SDN-based architecture for continuous audiovisual transport

3. Reconfigurable Antenna Array With Reduced Power Consumption—–Synthesis Methods and Experimental Validations in S-Band

4. Comprehensive Survey of FIR-Based Sample Rate Conversion

5. Convergence of the Newton Structure Transfer Function to the Ideal Fractional Delay Filter

6. Quality-driven Variable Frame-Rate for Green Video Coding in Broadcast Applications

7. Scalable Video Coding for Backward-Compatible 360° Video Delivery Over Broadcast Networks

8. VERSATILE VIDEO CODING AND SUPER-RESOLUTION FOR EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF 8K VIDEO WITH 4K BACKWARD-COMPATIBILITY

9. VNF placement algorithms to address the mono-and multi-tenant issues in edge and core networks

10. Efficient Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion for Multi-Standard Digital Front-Ends

11. RECONFIGURABLE NEWTON STRUCTURE FOR SAMPLE RATE CONVERSION

12. An efficient and lightweight load forecasting for proactive scaling in 5G mobile networks

13. Two SDN multi-tree approaches for constrained seamless multicast

14. Generalization and Coefficients Optimization of the Newton Structure

15. Variable Fractional Delay Filter: A Novel Architecture Based on Hermite Interpolation

16. Backward Compatible Layered Video Coding for 360° Video Broadcast

17. On the scalability of 5G Core network: the AMF case

18. Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Networks for Mobile TV Services

19. Investigation on an effective magnetic permeability of the rod-shaped ferrites

20. Intermodulation distortion and compression point measurement of active integrated antennas using a radiative method

21. Optimal capacity of hybrid unicast-broadcast networks for mobile TV services

22. Analytical Derivation and Optimization of a Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Network for Linear Services

23. Computation of the field radiated by a FM transmitter by means of ordinary kriging

24. An on-site 'SAR' evaluation using interpolation and plane-wave decomposition

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24 results on '"TéléDiffusion de France (TDF)"'

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