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Modern societies are built on good road infra-structure and efficient transport system. Safety is a high-priority consideration in development of road traffic systems. In recent years the weather information has become becomes very vital for road traffic safety because slippery roads are the key source of road accidents in northern regions of Europe, America and Canada as well. In this article we are presenting the test experiences and pilot road weather related services by executing a set of Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) communication scenarios by using IEEE 802.11p and 5G test networks. We have made an effort to evaluate the performance of IEEE 802.11p and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) 5G test network. We also analyzed the performance of IEEE 802.11p with and without safety feature for secure and reliable vehicular communication. The combination of IEEE 802.11p with 5G test network cellular network makes the traffic system heterogeneous for traffic safety. This heterogeneous system provides the opportunity to exploit the vehicle-based actuators, sensor, and observation data in order to produce the intelligent service platform and up-to-date real time services for vehicles. In this article we have also made a comparison by using an IEEE 802.11p system having safety feature of SafeCOP (Safe Co-operating Cyber-Physical Systems using Wireless Communication) project. SafeCOP is a European project that aims cyber-physical systems-of-systems relying on wireless communication for safe and secure cooperation. This safety feature will help to decrease the amount of road accidents (Car crashes, injuries and fatalities) by offering safe and secure V2V and V2I co-operation. The fundamental advantage of this kind of performance analysis is that the communication between Vehicle-to-Road Weather station (V2RWS) can be exchanged safely and reliably, at the cost of network resources consumed by a safety feature in IEEE 802.11p. It’s clearly presented in this paper, that the use of heterogeneous network and SafeCOP feature for vehicular networking has a clear potential in near future for vehicle’s safety and security of vehicular network.

In recent years, casualties from pedestrian accidents caused by vehicles is bit problematic. A comprehensive structure comprising of stochastic models, a responsive mechanism and typical scenarios using pedestrian-to-infrastructure (P2I) and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication is suggested to increase pedestrian safety. Nonetheless, it is uncertain what’s the optimum way to transfer data from Vehicle/Infrastructure to pedestrians and vice versa. In this article we are presenting a prototype for P21 and I2P with the help of Pedestrian detection algorithm by using a Nordic-semiconductor thingy-sensor and an android phone (Note 5A). For motion detection of pedestrian, we developed a peak detection algorithm with LPF for jitter/interference removal. It indicates promising results for walking pedestrian with almost 99% accuracy. We will use that motion detection GPS coordinates of a pedestrian (Demo user) and vehicles and transmit those coordinates to Road Weather Station (RWS) or IOT cloud via cellular base station. Finnish Meteorological Institutes (FMI) uses a test track (1.7 Km) in Sodankyla, equipped with road weather stations and 5G test network. We would be able to send the warning alerts of a pedestrian to RWS database. These P2I and V2P pilot measurements would be conducted by using IEEE 802.11p and 5G test network. To evaluate the feasibility of the system; it would help to determine the use of above mentioned model and the responsive control method. P2I and V2P communication combined with 802.11p and 5G technology could improve the active pedestrian safety with developed algorithm.

The development of 5G is taking steps forward to solve the communication challenges of the future. One of the main application areas to benefit from 5G is intelligent traffic and vehicular communication. This paper discusses the recent advances in the development and piloting of novel road weather and safety services. The services considered in the paper exploit extensive vehicular observation data, of which transmission is enabled by a 5G communications architecture. The purpose of the services is to provide enhancements to road users, road maintenance operations as well as to 3 rd parties. Furthermore, low latency 5G networks will enable future automated driving functionality, considered in the paper as well. The paper presents use cases and a generic system architecture for the envisioned service concepts. In addition, selected results obtained from testing the services in real vehicular and 5G test network environments are presented.

Wireless communication in the traffic with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is growing into elemental part of the traffic entity. Entirely new types of safety and convenience services can be offered directly to the vehicular environment, enhancing considerably the traffic safety. Vehicles can also make their own observations, further developing the accuracy of these services. It is obvious that the safety and security of ITS communication needs to be ensured. The ITS communication environment (of vehicles, roadside units and core systems) is one entity of Co-operative Cyber-Physical Systems (CO-CPS). SafeCOP (Safe Co-operating Cyber-Physical Systems using Wireless Communication) project targets to a safety assurance approach, ensuring the safety within single Cyber-Physical element, as well as Co-CPS. Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) has created one SafeCOP use case for vehicular CO-CPS entity, for the road weather station and vehicle interaction. In this paper we present the vehicles and roadside unit interaction general structure and the motivation behind it. To ensure the safety and security of our communication environment, we have built CO-CPS functionalities to both vehicle and road weather station units. SafeCOP CO-CPS defines a runtime manager continuously detecting the behavior of CPS and in case of any abnormality performing runtime triggering. Furthermore, specific SafeCOP safety layer functionalities are introduced to ensure safety in entire Co-CPS. The proposed solution is analysed by comparing the vehicles and roadside unit communication procedure with and without SafeCOP functionalities, in terms of throughput latency and number of lost packets.

Vehicular-networking- and especially safety-related wireless vehicular services have been under intensive research for almost a decade now. Only in recent years has road weather information also been acknowledged to play an important role when aiming to reduce traffic accidents and fatalities via intelligent transport systems (ITSs). Part of the progress can be seen as a result of the Finnish Meteorological Institute's (FMI) long-term research work in Sodankylä within the topic, originally started in 2006. Within multiple research projects, the FMI Arctic Research Centre has been developing wireless vehicular networking and road weather services, in co-operation with the FMI meteorological services team in Helsinki. At the beginning the wireless communication was conducted with traditional Wi-Fi type local area networking, but during the development the system has evolved into a hybrid communication system of a combined vehicular ad hoc networking (VANET) system with special IEEE 802.11p protocol and supporting cellular networking based on a commercial 3G network, not forgetting support for Wi-Fi-based devices also. For piloting purposes and further research, we have established a special combined road weather station (RWS) and roadside unit (RSU), to interact with vehicles as a service hotspot. In the RWS–RSU we have chosen to build support to all major approaches, IEEE 802.11, traditional Wi-Fi and cellular 3G. We employ road weather systems of FMI, along with RWS and vehicle data gathered from vehicles, in the up-to-date localized weather data delivered in real time. IEEE 802.11p vehicular networking is supported with Wi-Fi and 3G communications. This paper briefly introduces the research work related to vehicular networking and road weather services conducted in Sodankylä, as well as the research project involved in this work. The current status of instrumentation, available services and capabilities are presented in order to formulate a clear general view of the research field.