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Ti-based alloys containing Pd, Au, and Nb were produced by tilt-casting and subsequently dual-axially forged at elevated temperatures. It is shown that the mechanical properties, electrochemical behavior and biocompatibility of the studied alloys are close to, or even better, than those of typical commercial Ti-based low-alloys widely used as biological implants. This demonstrates that the Ti94Pd3Au3, Ti94Pd3Nb3 and Ti94Pd6 alloys showed a good potential for application as biomaterials.

A novel non-electrolytic route using non-equilibrium physicochemical reactions was used to synthesize a silver/carbon nanocomposite. Using the polarization effect of polar molecules, an electrical current was passed in the circuit under the influence of an external high-strength electric field. It allows to exclude any electroconductive additives in the solvent. Simplicity of process allows to extend an ability of surface plasma interaction with polar liquid for synthesis nanomaterials by non-electrolytic technique.

The electrochemical behavior and biocompatibility of the micro/nano-structured α+β Ti–3.5Fe–3.9Cu alloy were investigated in this work. The alloy was produced by tilt-casting method and subjected to subsequent hot dual-axial forging at 1173 K. It is shown that the electrochemical behavior and biocompatibility of the Ti–3.5Fe–3.9Cu alloy are close to, or even better, than those of a typical commercial Ti-6Al-4V alloy widely used as implants. This demonstrates that the Ti–3.5Fe–3.9Cu alloy shows a good potential for application as biomaterial.

Ti-Al intermetallic coatings thickness of about 60–150 μm was fabricated on Al, Ti, and hypo-eutectoid steel substrates by mechanical alloying (MA) using a vibratory ball mill. The coatings was then laser treated to obtain homogenous and equilibrium structure. Phase composition and the cross-sectional microstructure of the coatings were investigated using X-ray diffraction and the Scanning electron microscopy respectively while chemical analysis of the coatings was carried out using Bruker energy-dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (EDS). Micro-hardness (HV) of the obtained coatings was observed to be increased more than twice after the deposition and subsequent laser treatment in comparison with microhardness of the initial substrates materials.. Surface roughness of the obtained coatings was also reduced significantly after laser treatment i.e. for Al substrate it reduced from 52 μm to 26 μm. The parameters of mechanical alloying and laser treatment used in this work provided a successful way to deposit nano-structured intermetallic coatings with homogenous and smooth surface finish and high value of micro-hardness.

Ti-based alloys containing Ag were produced by tilt-casting method and their properties were studied. Even in its as-cast state, Ti94Ag3Pd3 showed relatively high tensile properties, good electrochemical behavior and good biocompatibility. The relatively good mechanical properties of the as-cast α-Ti-type Ti94Ag3Pd3 alloy (tensile strength up to 850 MPa and elongation of ~10%) can be explained by its severely deformed, fine crystalline structure. The high biocompatibility of Ti94Ag3Pd3 can be explained by the Ag–Pd interaction, which inhibits the release of Ag ions from the surface. Ag, in combination with Pd has no toxic effects and demonstrates useful antimicrobial properties. The Ti94Ag3Pd3 alloy shows a good potential to be applied as a biomedical implant alloy.

Electrolytic processes are widely used to synthesize different nanomaterials and it does not depend on what kind of the method has been applied (wet-chemistry, sonochemistry, plasma chemistry, electrolysis and so on). Generally, the reactions in the electrolyte are considered to be reduction/oxidation (REDOX) reactions between chemical reagents or the deposition of matter on the electrodes, in line with Faraday’s law. Due to the presence of electroconductive additives in any electrolyte, the polarization effect of polar molecules conducting an electrical current disappears, when external high-strength electric field is induced. Because initially of the charge transfer always belongs of electroconductive additive and it does not depend on applied voltage. The polarization of ethanol molecules has been applied to conduct an electric current by surface plasma interaction for the synthesis of a copper oxide/carbon nanocomposite material.

WOS: 000383313300033, A protocol for the recovery of rare earth elements based on the dissolution of an aqueous solution of a rare earth metal chloride in an ionic liquid (IL) followed by stripping of the dissolved metal ions into an aqueous phase is proposed. The use of ILs is a departure from the traditional strategies employed for extraction. Liquid-liquid extraction of neodymium (Nd) ions from an aqueous solution of NdCl3 with and without hydrochloric acid (HCl) was carried out using phosphonium-based ILs, namely trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium benzoate [T-66614][BA] and trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [T-66614][TFSA] The extraction was also conducted using a mixture of the aforementioned ILs and toluene. The efficiency of the extraction decreased with increasing concentrations of Nd in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of HCl in the aqueous phase decreased the percentage of extracted Nd ions. It indicates that the extraction followed a neutral or ion-pair extraction type of mechanism. Stripping of Nd ions from the metal-loaded organic phase using different acids revealed that HCl and HNO3 were the most effective stripping agents for complete re-extraction of the metal ions. Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium-based IL with a benzoate counter anion was more effective for Nd extraction than the congener with the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., High Efficiency Rare Elements Extraction Technology Area in the Tohoku Innovative Materials Technology Initiatives for Reconstruction from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan, This study was supported by the High Efficiency Rare Elements Extraction Technology Area in the Tohoku Innovative Materials Technology Initiatives for Reconstruction from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan.