Search

Based on the generalization of research results on the processes of obtaining SiO2 sols using tetraethoxysilane and ethyl silicates, the main factors influencing the elasticity of silica coatings on cotton fabrics and their fire-retardant properties are considered. The possibility of forming covalent bonds between the functional groups of cellulose, gel coating and flame retardant layer is considered, which explains the strong fixation of a thin layer of coating on the fibers of the fabric and improve its fire protection. The use of the developed compositions for fire-retardant elastic coatings based on ethyl silicate allows to increase the time of complete burning of cotton from 30s (untreated fabric) to 600s (treated with binary coating).

The use of complex fire-retardant coatings based on ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate reduces the process of smoke formation during thermal exposure to treated tissue samples, which is promising for improving the fire safety of textile materials. The compositions are easy to obtain, they do not require specific processing conditions, do not contain toxic substances. This allows us to offer developed compositions for fire protection of textile materials used in facilities with a large number of people.

The influence of the degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol on the duration of the induction period and the quality of fire-resistant coatings on textile materials was studied. The prospects of using IR spectroscopy as an express method for studying the phase composition of a gel coating, the degree of completion of the hydrolysis of an organosilicon component, and adjusting the parameters for obtaining a high-quality fire-resistant binary coating of a sol SiO2 - flame retardant system are shown.

Established the possibility of galvanochemical obtaining of a plating stronger than in case of chrome precipitation. Proposed precipitation of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W, which allows using the effect of synergism. Proposed and researched usage instead of sulphate-anhydride electrolyte – citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate one. Achieved an increase in current efficiency of precipitated alloy and decrease in current efficiency of hydrogen, with respect to chrome precipitation, which increased safety of the galvanochemical industry. Selected the optimal ratios of components in citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate electrolytes for ternary alloy Co-Мо-W precipitation. Determined the parameters of electrical effect for the galvanic process: constant current – j = 2–8 А/dm2, pulse unipolar current – j = 4–20 А/дм2. Achieved a high microhardness of this plating and high adhesion to base surface. Achieved greater safety of the galvanochemical technological process of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W application compared with chromium plating.